PREFACE
1. All The President's Men, directed by Alan Pakula, written by William Goldman (Burbank, CA: Warner Home Video, 1976), 138 minutes.
2. John P. MacKenzie, “Court Orders Nixon to Yield Tapes; President Promises to Comply Fully,” Washington Post, July 25, 1974, https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/court-orders-nixon-to-yield-tapes-president-promises-to-comply-fully/2012/06/04/gJQAZSw0IV_story.html (accessed February 26, 2018).
3. David Folkenflik, “‘Deep Throat’ Revealed as Ex-FBI Official Felt,” NPR, May 31, 2005, https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4673957 (accessed February 10, 2018).
4. Devlin Barrett, “US Voting System So ‘Clunky’ It Is Insulated from Hacking, FBI Director Says,” Wall Street Journal, September 8, 2016, https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-voting-system-so-clunky-it-is-insulated-from-hacking-fbi-director-says-1473368396 (accessed February 19, 2018).
CHAPTER 1.THIS IS WARFARE
1. William Saletan, “Hate Makes Us Weak,” Slate, March 31, 2017, http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/politica/2017/03/how_russia_capitalizes_on_american_racism_and_xenophobia.html (accessed January 27, 2018).
2. Julia Ioffe, “The History of Russian Involvement in America's Race Wars,” Atlantic, October 21, 2017, https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2017/10/russia-facebook-race/542796/ (accessed January 27, 2018).
3. Dr. Carlos J. Bringuier, Crime without Punishment (Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse, 2013), p. 380; Casey Michel, “How Russia Keeps Exploiting Anti-Black Racism in the US,” ThinkProgress, September 26, 2017, https://thinkprogress.org/russias-sordid-history-of-exploiting-anti-black-racism-in-the-u-s-df3b83b4dd86/ (accessed January 28, 2018).
4. “Vladimir Putin Likely Gave Go-Ahead for US Cyberattack, Intelligence Officials Say,” CBS News, December 15, 2016, https://www.cbsnews.com/news/russia-election-hack-vladimir-putin-personally-involved-us-intelligence-officials-say/ (accessed January 27, 2018).
5. Bob Dreyfuss, “Russian Trolling of US Social Media May Have Been Much Greater Than We Thought,” Nation, October 23, 2017, https://www.thenation.com/article/russian-trolling-of-us-social-media-may-have-been-much-greater-than-we-thought/ (accessed January 27, 2018).
CHAPTER 2.MINING FOR CLUES AT THE DNC
1. Avi Selk, “The Violent Rally Trump Can't Move Past,” Washington Post, April 3, 2017, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2017/04/03/the-violent-rally-trump-cant-move-past/?utm_term=.e0980a9ec2a6 (accessed April 10, 2018).
2. Tom Hamburger and Karen Tumulty, “WikiLeaks Releases Thousands of Documents about Clinton and Internal Deliberations,” Washington Post, July 22, 2016, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2016/07/22/on-eve-of-democratic-convention-wikileaks-releases-thousands-of-documents-about-clinton-the-campaign-and-internal-deliberations/?utm_term=.7802e667887e (accessed January 22, 2018).
3. Martin Matishak, “Guccifer 2.0 Drops the Dime on the DNC Again,” Politico, September 14, 2016, https://www.politico.com/tipsheets/morning-cybersecurity/2016/09/guccifer-drops-the-dime-on-the-dnc-again-mccain-picks-a-cyber-fight-with-the-white-house-csis-holds-doj-summit-216319 (accessed February 10, 2018).
4. Ellen Nakashima, “Russian Government Hackers Penetrated DNC, Stole Opposition Research on Trump,” Washington Post, June 14, 2016, https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/russian-government-hackers-penetrated-dnc-stole-opposition-research-on-trump/2016/06/14/cf006cb4-316e-11e6-8ff7-7b6c1998b7a0_story.html?utm_term=.7bb8e65a797c (accessed January 27, 2018).
5. Nancy A. Youssef and Shane Harris, “FBI Suspects Russia Hacked DNC; US Officials Say It Was to Elect Donald Trump,” Daily Beast, July 25, 2016, https://www.thedailybeast.com/fbi-suspects-russia-hacked-dnc-us-officials-say-it-was-to-elect-donald-trump (accessed January 27, 2018).
6. Dmitri Alperovitch, “Bears in the Midst: Intrusion into the Democratic National Committee,” CrowdStrike Blog, June 15, 2016, https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/bears-midst-intrusion-democratic-national-committee/ (accessed January 27, 2018).
7. Matthew Nussbaum, “The Definitive Trump-Russia Timeline of Events,” Politico, March 3, 2017, https://www.politico.com/trump-russia-ties-scandal-guide/timeline-of-events (accessed January 27, 2018).
CHAPTER 3.MEANWHILE, BACK AT THE WHITE HOUSE…
1. Richard Weingroff, “An Imaginary Tour of Pennsylvania Avenue,” US Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, last updated June 27, 2017, https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/infrastructure/pa42.cfm (accessed March 6, 2018); “Our Nation's Ugliest Building,” Curbed (blog), October 1, 2014, https://dc.curbed.com/2014/10/1/10041050/our-nations-ugliest-building (accessed March 6, 2018); M. Scott Mahaskey, “Photos: Inside the Truman Bowling Alley,” Politico, May 12, 2014, https://www.politico.com/gallery/2014/05/photos-inside-the-truman-bowling-alley-001752?slide=0 (accessed January 28, 2018).
2. Director of National Intelligence, Background to “Assessing Russian Activities and Intentions in Recent US Elections”: The Analytic Process and Cyber Incident Attribution (Washington, DC: Central Intelligence Agency, Department of Justice, National Security Agency, January 6, 2017).
3. Ellen Nakashima, “US Investigators Have Identified Russian Government Hackers Who Breached DNC,” Washington Post, November 2, 2017, https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/prosecutors-have-identified-russian-government-hackers-who-breached-the-dnc/2017/11/02/f38b9b18-bfd3-11e7-8444-a0d4f04b89eb_story.html?utm_term=.5ab1955632a4 (accessed February 21, 2018).
4. Michael Daniel, in an interview with the author, September 25, 2017.
5. Abby Ohlheiser, “Chinese Hackers Spied on the 2008 Elections, Too,” June 6, 2013, Atlantic, https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2013/06/chinese-hackers-spied-2008-elections-too/314506/ (Accessed March 21, 2018).
6. “Democrat Hack: Who Is Guccifer 2.0?” BBC News, July 28, 2016, www.bbc.com/news/technology-36913000 (accessed January 28, 2018).
7. Adam Meyers, in an interview with the author, October 17, 2016.
8. Daniel, interview with the author.
9. United States v. Microsoft Corporation, 253 F.3d 34 (D.C. Cir. 2001), https://www.justice.gov/atr/testimony-edward-w-felten-us-v-microsoft-corporation (accessed December 19, 2017).
10. Princeton Alumni Weekly 103 (2002); Academic, s.v. “Edward Felten,” 2017, http://enacademic.com/dic.nsf/enwiki/248419 (Accessed January 28, 2018).
11. Robert Vamosi, “Sequoia Voting Systems Site Hacked,” CNET, March 20, 2008, https://www.cnet.com/news/sequoia-voting-systems-site-hacked/ (accessed January 28, 2018); Ben Wofford, “How to Hack an Election in 7 Minutes,” Politico, August 5, 2016, https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2016/08/2016-elections-russia-hack-how-to-hack-an-election-in-seven-minutes-214144 (accessed January 28, 2018); Marc Ferranti, “Ed Felten on E-Voting: What Can Go Wrong,” PCWorld, November 2, 2008, https://www.pcworld.com/article/153187/felton_vote_security.html (accessed January 28, 2018).
12. Daniel, interview with the author.
CHAPTER 4.THE DOSSIER
1. Christopher Steele, US Presidential Election: Republican Candidate Donald Trump's Activities in Russia and Compromising Relationship with the Kremlin (Company Intelligence Report; Washington, DC: Department of Justice, June 20, 2016), https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3259984-Trump-Intelligence-Allegations.html (accessed February 25, 2018).
2. Kaitlyn Schallhorn, “Fusion GPS's Ties to Clinton Campaign, Russia Investigation: What to Know,” Fox News, February 7, 2018, http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2018/02/07/fusion-gpss-ties-to-clinton-campaign-russia-investigation-what-to-know.html (accessed February 25, 2018).
3. Abigail Tracy, “The Ex-Spy behind the Trump-Russia Dossier Left a Clue for Mueller,” Vanity Fair, November 16, 2017, https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2017/11/christopher-steele-robert-mueller-trump-russia-dossier (accessed February 25, 2018).
4. Julia Manchester, “McCain Associate Invokes Fifth Amendment on Trump Dossier Sources: Report,” Hill, February 22, 2018, http://thehill.com/blogs/blog-briefing-room/news/375205-mccain-associate-invokes-fifth-amendment-on-trump-dossier (accessed February 25, 2018); I've spoken with three or four sources close to the investigation who corroborated this information, and to protect my sources I have made their names anonymous.
5. “Alexander Litvinenko: Profile of a Russian Spy,” BBC, January 21, 2016, http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-19647226 (accessed February 25, 2018).
6. Brett Samuels, “Trump Calls for Investigation into Clinton Ties to Dossier,” Hill, October 29, 2017, http://thehill.com/homenews/administration/357700-trump-calls-for-investigation-into-clinton-russia-ties (accessed February 25, 2018).
7. According to my sources close to the investigation.
8. James Carroll, “The True Nature of John McCain's Heroism,” New Yorker, July 21, 2017, https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/the-true-nature-of-john-mccains-heroism (accessed February 25, 2018).
9. Ibid.
10. Denise Clifton, “Putin's Trolls Are Targeting Trump's GOP Critics—Especially John McCain,” Mother Jones, January 12, 2018, https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2018/01/putins-trolls-keep-targeting-john-mccain-and-other-gop-trump-critics/ (accessed February 25, 2018).
11. Julian Borger, “John McCain Passes Dossier Alleging Secret Trump-Russia Contacts to FBI,” Guardian, January 11, 2017, https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/jan/10/fbi-chief-given-dossier-by-john-mccain-alleging-secret-trump-russia-contacts (accessed April 10, 2018).
12. “McCain Corrects Woman Calling Obama an ‘Arab,’” CNN, 2008, https://www.cnn.com/videos/politics/2015/09/18/mccain-2008-presidential-campaign-audience-question-on-obama-as-arab.cnn (accessed February 25, 2018).
13. Clifton, “Putin's Trolls.”
CHAPTER 5.THEY ARE HACKING THE HELL OUT OF US
1. Linda Power is not her real name. We are disguising the source's identity.
2. Zack Stanton, “Yes, Pence and Trump Have Called Putin a Stronger Leader than Obama,” Politico, October 4, 2016, https://www.politico.com/blogs/2016-presidential-debate-fact-check/2016/10/yes-pence-trump-have-called-putin-a-stronger-leader-than-obama-229155 (accessed March 17, 2018).
3. Ashley Parker and David E. Sanger, “Donald Trump Calls on Russia to Find Hillary Clinton's Missing Emails,” New York Times, July 27, 2016, https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/28/us/politics/donald-trump-russia-clinton-emails.html (accessed April 10, 2018).
4. James Comey, “Statement by FBI Director James B. Comey on the Investigation of Secretary Clinton's Use of a Personal E-Mail System,” FBI.gov, July 5, 2016, https://www.fbi.gov/news/pressrel/press-releases/statement-by-fbi-director-james-b-comey-on-the-investigation-of-secretary-hillary-clinton2019s-use-of-a-personal-e-mail-system (accessed March 17, 2018).
5. Dmitry Alperovitz, “Bears in the Midst: Intrusion into the Democratic National Committee,” CrowdStrike Blog, June 15, 2016, https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/bears-midst-intrusion-democratic-national-committee/ (accessed February 18, 2018).
6. Ibid.
7. “Adam Meyers,” CrowdStrike, 2018, https://www.crowdstrike.com/adam-meyers/ (accessed March 7, 2018).
8. Robert Hackett, “Hack Investigator CrowdStrike Reaches $1 Billion Valuation,” Fortune, May 17, 2017, http://fortune.com/2017/05/17/hack-crowdstrike-billion/ (accessed February 11, 2018).
9. Adam Meyers, VP of Intelligence for CrowdStrike, in an interview with CBS News, Jeff Pegues, October 17, 2016.
10. Ibid.
11. Ibid.
12. Ibid.
13. Ibid.
14. Matthew Nussbaum, “The Definitive Trump-Russia Timeline of Events,” Politico, December 1, 2017, https://www.politico.com/trump-russia-ties-scandal-guide/timeline-of-events (accessed February 18, 2018).
15. Meyers, interview with CBS News, Jeff Pegues.
16. Ibid.
CHAPTER 6.DEAD DROPS, INVISIBLE INK, PROPAGANDA, AND DEEP COVER
1. Olivia B. Waxman, “Q&A: The CIA Officer behind the New Spy Drama The Americans,” Time, January 30, 2013, www.entertainment.time.com/2013/01/30/qa-the-cia-officer-behind-the-new-spy-drama-the-americans (accessed November 20, 2017).
2. The Americans, directed by Joseph Weisberg and Joel Fields, originally aired on January 30, 2013, on FX.
3. “Operation Ghost Stories: Inside the Russian Spy Case,” FBI, October 31, 2011, https://www.fbi.gov/news/stories/operation-ghost-stories-inside-the-russian-spy-case (accessed January 28, 2018); Eric Tucker, “Long before New Hacks, US Worried by Russian Spying Efforts,” Associated Press, March 17, 2017, https://apnews.com/5a189a45ebaf4c86a330eb87d88beadd (accessed January 28, 2018).
4. Eyder Peralta, “‘Ghost Stories’: FBI Releases Documents, Videos of Russian Spy Operation,” NPR, October 31, 2011, https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2011/10/31/141881160/ghost-stories-fbi-releases-documents-videos-of-russian-spy-operation (accessed January 28, 2018).
5. “Did Russian Spy Get Close to Infiltrating Hillary Clinton's Inner Circle? FBI Warns of ‘New Breed’ of Moscow Agents,” Daily Mail, November 1, 2011, http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2056301/Did-Russian-spy-close-infiltrating-Hillary-Clintons-inner-circle (accessed January 28, 2018).
6. “Operation Ghost Stories,” transcript, FBI, November 4, 2011, https://www.fbi.gov/audio-repository/news-podcasts-thisweek-operation-ghost-stories.mp3/view (accessed January 28, 2018).
7. “Video 8,” May 16, 2004, FBI Records: The Vault, Ghost Stories Investigation, video, 25 seconds, https://vault.fbi.gov/ghost-stories-russian-foreign-intelligence-service-illegals/videos?selected=716df32d8615584588892ba71e02da2c (accessed December 10, 2017).
8. “Video 9,” June 6, 2009, FBI Records: The Vault, Ghost Stories Investigation, video, 1:18, https://vault.fbi.gov/ghost-stories-russian-foreign-intelligence-service-illegals/videos/mp4/video9.mp4/ (accessed December 10, 2017).
9. “Video 4,” June 8, 2006, FBI Records: The Vault, Ghost Stories Investigation, video, 44 seconds, https://vault.fbi.gov/ghost-stories-russian-foreign-intelligence-service-illegals/videos?selected=ecdce6925585e8960b63a2cbf21f8f8a (accessed December 10, 2017).
10. Brett Forrest, “The Big Russian Life of Anna Chapman, Ex-Spy,” Politico, January 4, 2012, https://www.politico.com/states/new-york/albany/story/2012/01/the-big-russian-life-of-anna-chapman-ex-spy-067223.
11. “Video 1,” June 26, 2010, FBI Records: The Vault, Ghost Stories Investigation, video, 1:25, https://vault.fbi.gov/ghost-stories-russian-foreign-intelligence-service-illegals/videos (accessed January 28, 2018); “Video 2,” January 20, 2010, FBI Records: The Vault, Ghost Stories Investigation, video, 7:39, https://vault.fbi.gov/ghost-stories-russian-foreign-intelligence-service-illegals/videos?selected=55731dc5d47151df61a3f93fe90fa324 (accessed December 10, 2017).
12. Kia Makarechi, “Ousted Russian Spy Anna Chapman Is Now a Trump-Loving Instagram Star,” Vanity Fair, January 3, 2017, https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2017/01/anna-chapman-instagram-trump (accessed March 26, 2018).
13. Waxman, “Q&A: CIA Officer behind the New Spy Drama.”
14. Evan Osnos, David Remnick, and Joshua Yaffa, “Trump, Putin, and the New Cold War,” New Yorker, March 6, 2017, https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2017/03/06/trump-putin-and-the-new-cold-war (accessed January 28, 2018).
CHAPTER 7.MODERN-DAY SPIES
1. White House Office of the Press Secretary, “Statement by the President on Actions in Response to Russian Malicious Cyber Activity and Harassment,” press release, December 29, 2016, https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2016/12/29/statement-president-actions-response-russian-malicious-cyber-activity (accessed February 5, 2018).
2. Department of Justice Office of Public Affairs, “Russian Banker Sentenced in Connection with Conspiracy to Work for Russian Intelligence,” press release, March 25, 2016, https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/russian-banker-sentenced-connection-conspiracy-work-russian-intelligence (accessed February 6, 2018).
3. Ibid.
4. Lisa Harding, “Russian Spy Ring: The Lure of the SVR,” Guardian, June 30, 2010, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/jun/30/russian-spy-ring-svr (accessed February 13, 2018).
5. “Profile: Russia's SVR Intelligence Agency,” BBC, June 29, 2010, https://www.bbc.com/news/10447308 (accessed February 13, 2018).
6. Department of Justice, “Russian Banker Sentenced.”
7. “Evgeny Buryakov Pleads Guilty in Manhattan Federal Court in Connection with Conspiracy to Work for Russian Intelligence,” US Attorney's Office, Southern District of New York, March 11, 2016, https://www.justice.gov/usao-sdny/pr/evgeny-buryakov-pleads-guilty-manhattan-federal-court-connection-conspiracy-work (accessed March 28, 2018).
8. Ibid.
9. Alan Yuhas, “US Charges Russian ‘Spies’ Suspected of Trying to Recruit New Yorkers,” Guardian, January 26, 2015, https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2015/jan/26/us-charges-alleged-russian-spies-new-york (accessed February 6, 2018).
10. “US Deports Russian Spy Who Posed as Bank Employee,” April 5, 2017, CBS News, https://www.cbsnews.com/news/evgeny-buryakov-deported-russian-spy-posed-as-bank-employee-ice/ (accessed February 6, 2018).
11. “Attorney General, Manhattan US Attorney, and FBI Announce Charges against Russian Spy Ring in New York City,” FBI, New York Office, January 26, 2015, https://www.fbi.gov/contact-us/field-offices/newyork/news/press-releases/attorney-general-manhattan-u.s.-attorney-and-fbi-announce-charges-against-russian-spy-ring-in-new-york-city (accessed February 6, 2018).
12. Harriet Alexander, “Russian Spy Pleads Guilty in New York to Posing as a Banker,” Telegraph, February 11, 2018, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/usa/12191485/Russian-spy-pleads-guilty-in-New-York-to-posing-as-a-banker.html (accessed March 7, 2018).
13. Criminal Complaint against Evgeny Buryakov, Igor Sporyshev, and Victor Podobny, January 26, 2015, United States v. Evgeny Buryakov, a.k.a. “Zhenya,” Igor Sporyshev, and Victor Podobny, 15 Cr. 73 (2015), http://online.wsj.com/public/resources/documents/2015_0126_spyring2.pdf (accessed February 6, 2018).
14. Ibid.
15. Ibid.
16. “Evgeny Buryakov Pleads Guilty.”
17. Jethro Mullen, “Russian Spies Used Tickets and Hats to Try to Hide New York Activities, FBI Says,” January 27, 2015, CNN, https://www.cnn.com/2015/01/27/us/new-york-alleged-russian-spy/index.html (accessed March 26, 2018)
18. Ibid.
19. “Evgeny Buryakov Pleads Guilty.”
20. “Criminal Complaint against Evgeny Buryakov.”
21. Lauren Gambino, Sabrina Siddiqui, and Shaun Walker, “Obama Expels 35 Russian Diplomats in Retaliation for US Election Hacking,” Guardian, December 30, 2016, https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/dec/29/barack-obama-sanctions-russia-election-hack (accessed February 6, 2018).
CHAPTER 8.CONVERSATION WITH A GHOST
1. Toby Harnden, “Eric O'Neill: The Truth behind ‘Breach,’” Telegraph, September 4, 2007, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/rockandjazzmusic/3667507/Eric-ONeill-The-truth-behind-Breach.html (accessed January 28, 2018).
2. FBI, “Robert Hanssen,” press release, February 20, 2001, https://www.fbi.gov/history/famous-cases/robert-hanssen (accessed February 19, 2018).
3. Mark Binelli, “Inside America's Toughest Federal Prison,” New York Times, March 26, 2015, https://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/29/magazine/inside-americas-toughest-federal-prison.html (accessed January 28, 2018).
4. Eric O'Neill, in Interview with Jeff Pegues for the CBS Evening News, March 2, 2017.
5. John Kelly and Steve Reilly, “Trump Team Issued at Least 20 Denials of Contacts with Russia,” March 2, 2017, USA Today, https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2017/03/02/trump-teams-many-many-denials-contacts-russia/98625780/ (accessed March 28, 2018).
6. “2015 Paris Terror Attacks,” CNN, October 31, 2017, https://www.cnn.com/2015/12/08/europe/2015-paris-terror-attacks-fast-facts/index.html (accessed February 19, 2018).
7. Krishnadev Calamur, Marina Koren, and Matt Ford, “A Day after the San Bernardino Shooting,” Atlantic, December 3, 2015, https://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2015/12/a-shooter-in-san-bernardino/418497/ (accessed February 19, 2018).
CHAPTER 9.VLADIMIR PUTIN: WHO IS THIS GUY?
1. Walter Hickey, “39 Photos That Prove Birthday Boy Vladimir Putin Is the Most Badass Leader in the World,” Business Insider, October 7, 2013, http://www.businessinsider.com/39-photos-vladimir-putin-badass-2013-10?IR=T/#e-of-the-russian-presidents-favorite-hobbies-is-hunting-an-he-frequently-goes-on-expeditions-to-aid-researchers-in-tagging-animals- (accessed February 6, 2018).
2. Ibid.
3. Associated Press, “Russia's Vladimir Putin Plays with NHL Veterans, Scoring 8 Goals,” May 16, 2015, http://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/hockey/ct-putin-scores-eight-goals-20150516-story.html (accessed March 29, 2018).
4. “That Time Putin Brought His Dog to a Meeting to Scare Angela Merkel,” July 7, 2017, Business Insider, http://www.businessinsider.com/putin-merkel-meeting-dog-2017-7 (accessed March 28, 2018).
5. Ibid.
6. Brett LoGiurato, “George W. Bush's Story about Vladimir Putin's Dog Explains So Much,” Business Insider, April 4, 2014, www.businessinsider.com/george-bush-vladimir-putin-dog-2014-4?IR=Twww.chron.com/life/article/Which-of-George-W-Bush-s-paintings-is-your-5885691.php (accessed February 6, 2018).
7. Neil MacFarquhar, “Putin Wins Russia Election, and Broad Mandate for 4th Term,” New York Times, March 18, 2018, https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/18/world/europe/election-russia-putin-president.html (accessed March 28, 2018).
8. “Edward Snowden: Leaks That Exposed US Spy Programme,” BBC News, January 17, 2014, http://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-23123964 (accessed February 1, 2018).
9. Dana Ford, “EU Parliament Votes to Protect Edward Snowden,” CNN, October 29, 2015, https://edition.cnn.com/2015/10/29/europe/eu-edward-snowden-vote/index.html (accessed February 1, 2018).
10. Harriet Alexander, “Vladimir Putin Creating ‘Worst Human Rights Climate since Soviet Times,’” Telegraph, April 24, 2013, https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/vladimir-putin/10015065/Vladimir-Putin-creating-worst-human-rights-climate-since-Soviet-times.html (accessed February 10, 2018).
11. Alev Luhn, “Winter Olympics 2014: Russian President Vladimir Putin Takes on the ‘Black Widows’ in Sochi Security Crackdown,” Independent, October 31, 2013, www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/winter-olympics-2014-russian-president-vladimir-putin-takes-on-the-black-widows-in-sochi-security-8916428.html (accessed February 6, 2018).
12. Kremlin Press Release, “Putin Personal Website, Biography,” March 18, 2018, http://eng.putin.kremlin.ru/bio (accessed March 26, 2018).
13. Encyclopedia Britannica, s.v. “Vladimir Putin,” last updated February 14, 2018, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Vladimir-Putin (accessed March 7, 2018).
14. Ibid.
15. Laura Rosenberger, in an interview with the author, September 19, 2017.
CHAPTER 10.THE PLAYBOOK
1. Steve Ranger, “Cyberwar: A Guide to the Frightening Future of Online Conflict,” ZDNET, August 29, 2017, www.zdnet.com/article/cyberwar-a-guide-to-the-frightening-future-of-online-conflict/ (accessed January 28, 2018).
2. Lisa Brownlee, “Why Cyberwar Is So Hard to Define,” Forbes, July 16, 2015, https://www.forbes.com/sites/lisabrownlee/2015/07/16/why-cyberwar-is-so-hard-to-define/#10670b1431f1 (accessed March 7, 2018); Andy Greenberg, “How an Entire Nation Became Russia's Test Lab for Cyberwar,” Wired, June 20, 2017, https://www.wired.com/story/russian-hackers-attack-ukraine/ (accessed February 2, 2018).
3. Kevin Poulsen, “Russia-Linked Hackers Breached 100 Nuclear and Power Plants Just This Year,” Daily Beast, September 6, 2017, https://www.thedailybeast.com/breaches-at-us-nuclear-and-power-plants-linked-to-russian-hackers (accessed February 2, 2018).
4. Damien McGuinness, “How a Cyberattack Transformed Estonia,” BBC News, April 27, 2017, http://www.bbc.com/news/39655415 (accessed March 28, 2018).
5. “Russia ‘Was behind German Parliament Hack,’” BBC, May 13, 2016, https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-36284447 (accessed January 18, 2018).
6. Andreas Rinke and Andrea Shalal, “Germany Alarmed about Potential Russian Interference in the Election,” Reuters, November 16, 2016, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-germany-election-russia/germany-alarmed-about-potential-russian-interference-in-election-spy-chief-idUSKBN13B14O (accessed February 11, 2018).
7. Ibid.
8. Molly K. McKew, “The Garasimov Doctrine,” Politico, September 10, 2017, https://www.politico.eu/article/new-battles-cyberwarfare-russia/ (accessed February 6, 2018).
9. Ibid.
10. Ibid.
11. Evan Osnos, Joshua Yaffa, and David Remnick, “Trump, Putin, and the New Cold War,” New Yorker, March 6, 2017, https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2017/03/06/trump-putin-and-the-new-cold-war (accessed January 10, 2017).
12. Molly K. McKew, “How Twitter Bots and Trump Fans Made #ReleaseTheMemo Go Viral,” Politico, February 4, 2018, https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2018/02/04/trump-twitter-russians-release-the-memo-216935 (accessed February 11, 2018).
13. Adam Myers, in an interview with the author for CBS News, December 12, 2016.
14. Brad Heath, “Read Robert Mueller's Indictment of 13 Russian Nationals for Election Meddling,” USA Today, February 16, 2018, https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2018/02/16/read-robert-muellers-indictment-13-russian-nationals-election-meddling/346688002/ (accessed February 19, 2018).
15. Pam Fessler, “Russian Cyberattack Targeted Elections Vendor Tied to Voting Day Disruptions,” NPR, August 10, 2017, https://www.npr.org/2017/08/10/542634370/russian-cyberattack-targeted-elections-vendor-tied-to-voting-day-disruptions (accessed March 28, 2018).
16. Adam Meyers, “Russia's Electoral Endgame,” LinkedIn (blog), October 14, 2016, https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/russias-electoral-endgame-adam-meyers/ (accessed March 7, 2018).
17. Jay Akbar, “That's One Way to Get a Lift in the Polls: Video of Model and Mayoral Candidate Performing a Striptease Is ‘Leaked’ Just before Election in Ukraine,” Daily Mail, October 21, 2015, http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3283020/That-s-one-way-lift-polls-Video-model-mayoral-candidate-performing-striptease-leaked-just-election-Ukraine.html (accessed February 10, 2018).
18. Luke Harding, “What Are the Panama Papers? A Guide to History's Biggest Data Leak,” Guardian, April 3, 2016, https://www.theguardian.com/news/2016/apr/03/what-you-need-to-know-about-the-panama-papers (accessed February 5, 2018).
19. Elias Groll, Paul McLeary, and Molly O'Toole, “Moscow Brings Its Propaganda War to the United States,” Foreign Policy, July 25, 2016, http://foreignpolicy.com/2016/07/25/moscow-brings-its-propaganda-war-to-the-united-states/ (accessed February 27, 2018).
20. “Ukraine's Election: Five Years on in Kiev,” Economist, January 21, 2010, http://www.economist.com/node/15330489 (accessed February 6, 2018).
21. Michael Daniel, in an interview with the author, September 25, 2017.
CHAPTER 11.PUTIN'S GRUDGE AGAINST CLINTON
1. Patrick Healy and Maggie Haberman, “Donald Trump Opens New Line of Attack on Hillary Clinton: Her Marriage,” New York Times, September 30, 2016, https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/01/us/politics/donald-trump-interview-bill-hillary-clinton.html (accessed February 24, 2018).
2. Ashley Gold, “US Election: Do ‘Lock Her Up’ Chants Mark a New Low?” BBC, July 22, 2016, http://www.bbc.com/news/election-us-2016-36860740 (accessed February 24, 2018).
3. “Donald Trump vs. Hillary Clinton Town Hall Debate Cold Open—SNL,” YouTube video, 8:27, satirical look at 2016 Presidential Debate, posted by “Saturday Night Live,” October 16, 2016, https://www.google.com/search?client=safari&rls=en&biw=872&bih=1064&ei=UWmRWv_GGIfx_Abs0ofQCQ&q=trump+hovering+behind+clinton+youtube&oq=trump+hovering+behind+clinton+yout&gs_l=psy-ab.1.0.33i21k1.8430.9645.0.11479.5.5.0.0.0.0.100.415.4j1.5.0....0...1c.1.64.psy-ab..0.5.415...0j33i160k1.0.vx8jbtOLTzE (accessed February 24, 2018).
4. Michelle Alexander, “Why Hillary Clinton Doesn't Deserve the Black Vote,” Nation, February 10, 2016, https://www.thenation.com/article/hillary-clinton-does-not-deserve-black-peoples-votes/ (accessed March 28, 2018).
5. Dan Spinelli, “Benghazi Victim's Mother Blames Clinton for Son's Death,” Politico, July 18, 2016, https://www.politico.com/story/2016/07/rnc-2016-benghazi-patricia-smith-hillary-clinton-225757 (accessed February 24, 2018).
6. Director of National Intelligence, Background to “Assessing Russian Activities and Intentions in Recent US Elections”: The Analytic Process and Cyber Incident Attribution (Washington, DC: Central Intelligence Agency, Department of Justice, National Security Agency, January 6, 2017), https://www.dni.gov/files/documents/ICA_2017_01.pdf (accessed September 24, 2017), p. ii.
7. Ibid.
8. Michael Crowley and Julia Ioffe, “Why Putin Hates Hillary,” Politico, July 25, 2016, https://www.politico.com/story/2016/07/clinton-putin-226153 (accessed February 24, 2018).
9. William Harrison, “Medvedev's Liberal Russia: Real or Rhetorical?” Guardian, July 7, 2008, https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2008/jul/07/russia (accessed February 24, 2018).
10. James Ball, “Russian Election: Does the Data Suggest Putin Won through Fraud?” Guardian, March 5, 2012, https://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2012/mar/05/russia-putin-voter-fraud-statistics (accessed February 24, 2018).
11. Miriam Elder, “Russia's Anti-Putin Protests Grow,” Guardian, December 7, 2011, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/dec/07/russia-anti-putin-protest-grow (accessed February 24, 2018).
12. Crowley and Ioffe, “Why Putin Hates Hillary.”
13. Ibid.
14. Adam Meyers, VP of Intelligence for CrowdStrike, in an interview with CBS News, Jeff Pegues, October 17, 2016.
CHAPTER 12.THE SEPARATION BETWEEN FEDERAL AND STATE GOVERNMENT
1. Michael Daniel, in an interview with the author, September 12, 2017.
2. Ibid.
3. Eric Geller and Darren Samuelsohn, “More Than 20 States Have Faced Major Election Hacking Attempts, DHS Says,” Politico, October 3, 2016, https://www.politico.com/story/2016/09/states-major-election-hacking-228978 (accessed March 28, 2018).
4. Daniel, interview with the author.
5. Ibid.
6. “FBI Takes Threat of Election Hack ‘Seriously,’” Yahoo, September 8, 2016, https://www.yahoo.com/news/fbi-takes-threat-us-election-hack-seriously-224148411.html (accessed February 19, 2018).
CHAPTER 13.FROM CIVIL RIGHTS TO RUSSIAN INTELLIGENCE
1. CIA Diversity and Inclusion Strategy (Washington, DC: Central Intelligence Agency, 2016), https://www.cia.gov/library/reports/Diversity_Inclusion_Strategy_2016_to_2019.pdf (accessed January 31, 2018).
2. “John O. Brennan: Director, Central Intelligence Agency,” Central Intelligence Agency, last updated January 5, 2016, https://www.cia.gov/about-cia/leadership/john-o-brennan.html (accessed January 31, 2018).
3. CIA director John Brennan, in an interview with the author, September 12, 2016.
4. Brendan I. Koerner, “Inside the Cyberattack That Shocked the US Government,” Wired, October 23, 2016, https://www.wired.com/2016/10/inside-cyberattack-shocked-us-government/ (accessed January 28, 2018).
CHAPTER 14.LIVING THE DREAM: BIRMINGHAM
1. CIA director John Brennan, in an interview with the author, September 13, 2016.
2. “Omego Ware: The ‘Jackie Robinson of Intelligence,’” Central Intelligence Agency, last updated February 22, 2017, https://www.cia.gov/news-information/featured-story-archive/2017-featured-story-archive/omego-ware-the-jackie-robinson-of-intelligence.html (accessed February 27, 2018).
3. “Director Brennan Delivers Keynote at Miles College,” Central Intelligence Agency, September 13, 2016, https://www.cia.gov/news-information/speeches-testimony/2016-speeches-testimony/director-brennan-delivers-keynote-at-miles-college.html (accessed March 28, 2018).
4. Rebecca Shabad, “Former CIA Chief Says There Were Contacts between Russia and Trump Aides,” CBS News, May 23, 2017, https://www.cbsnews.com/news/former-cia-director-john-brennan-testifies-on-russia-live-updates/ (accessed January 28, 2017).
CHAPTER 15.MOSCOW ON THE HUDSON
1. Jeff Pegues, “Vladimir Putin Likely Gave Go-Ahead for US Cyberattack, Intelligence Officials Say,” CBS News, December 15, 2016, http://www.cbsnews.com/news/russia-election-hack-vladimir-putin-personally-involved-us-intelligence-officials-say/ (accessed July 8, 2017).
2. Gregory Holyk and Gary Langer, “Poll: Clinton Unpopularity at New High, on Par with Trump,” ABC News, August 31, 2016, http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/poll-clinton-unpopularity-high-par-trump/story?id=41752050 (accessed April 10, 2018).
3. Harry Enten, “Election Update: Clinton's Lead Is Becoming Safer,” FiveThirtyEight, October 6, 2017, https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/election-update-clintons-lead-is-becoming-safer/ (accessed July 9, 2017).
4. Pegues, “Vladimir Putin Likely Gave Go-Ahead.”
5. Reuters in New York, “Putin the Peacemaker Banner Hung from Manhattan Bridge, Puzzles Police,” Guardian, October 7, 2016, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/oct/07/putin-the-peacemaker-banner-hung-from-manhattan-bridge-puzzles-police (accessed February 19, 2018).
6. Famous Class (@FAMOUSCLASS), Twitter, October 6, 2016, 10:55 a.m., https://twitter.com/FAMOUSCLASS/status/784089589879373833 (accessed March 13, 2018).
7. Kathryn Peters (@katyetc), Twitter, October 6, 2016, 10:50 a.m., https://twitter.com/katyetc/status/784088398097223680 (accessed March 13, 2018).
8. Natalie Musumeci and Gabrielle Fonrouge, “Putin Banner Mysteriously Appears on Manhattan Bridge,” NY Post, October 6, 2016, https://nypost.com/2016/10/06/putin-banner-mysteriously-appears-on-manhattan-bridge/ (accessed March 13, 2018).
CHAPTER 16.THEY'RE TALKING
1. Kyle Cheney and Sarah Wheaton, “The Most Revealing Clinton Campaign Emails in WikiLeaks Release,” Politico, October 7, 2018, https://www.politico.com/story/2016/10/john-podesta-wikileaks-hacked-emails-229304 (accessed March 28, 2018).
2. Zaid Jilani, “In Secret Goldman Sachs Speech, Hillary Clinton Admitted No-Fly Zone Would ‘Kill A Lot of Syrians,’” Intercept, October 10, 2016, https://theintercept.com/2016/10/10/in-secret-goldman-sachs-speech-hillary-clinton-admitted-no-fly-zone-would-kill-a-lot-of-syrians/ (accessed March 28, 2018).
3. Bryan Naylor, “US Election Systems Vulnerable, Lawmakers Told in Dueling Hearings,” NPR, June 21, 2017, https://www.npr.org/2017/06/21/533666328/u-s-elections-systems-vulnerable-lawmakers-told-in-dueling-hearings (accessed February 19, 2018).
4. Kevin Drum, “Pussygate Might Be the Final Straw for Donald Trump,” Mother Jones, October 10, 2016, https://www.motherjones.com/kevin-drum/2016/10/pussygate-might-be-final-straw-donald-trump/ (accessed February 19, 2018).
5. John Cassidy, “James Comey's October Surprise,” New Yorker, October 28, 2016, https://www.newyorker.com/news/john-cassidy/james-comeys-october-surprise (accessed February 19, 2018).
6. Linda Power is a pseudonym for an intelligence official author used as a source.
7. “Alec Baldwin's Trump Stalks Hillary as SNL Takes on the ‘Second and Worst Ever’ Presidential Debate,” YouTube video, 5:14, Trump/Clinton Debate, posted by “Breaking News,” October 16, 2016, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wL8_F_RXfdM (accessed March 7, 2018).
8. “Benghazi Mission Attack Fast Facts,” CNN, December 2, 2017, https://www.cnn.com/2013/09/10/world/benghazi-consulate-attack-fast-facts/index.html (accessed February 19, 2018).
9. Cassidy, “James Comey's October Surprise.”
CHAPTER 17.THE CYBER REF: A CONVERSATION WITH MICHAEL HAYDEN
1. Paul Bedard, “CIA Director Michael Hayden's Post at the Steelers’ Heinz Field,” US News & World Report, July 29, 2008, https://www.usnews.com/news/blogs/washington-whispers/2008/07/29/cia-director-michael-haydens-post-at-the-steelers-heinz-field (accessed February 5, 2018).
2. General Michael Hayden, “Michael Hayden: In Trump versus NFL, Standing Up for Free Speech,” Hill, September 26, 2017, http://thehill.com/opinion/white-house/352419-michael-hayden-in-trump-versus-nfl-standing-up-for-free-speech (accessed February 5, 2018).
3. Ibid.
4. Michael Hayden, Chertoff Group, https://chertoffgroup.com/about-us/our-team/244-michael-hayden (accessed February 5, 2018).
5. “How Best to Conduct America's War on Terror,” YouTube video, 7:48, CBS News Correspondent David Martin interview with Michael Hayden, posted by “CBS Sunday Morning,” February 21, 2016, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qaosD8s8zuw (accessed February 5, 2018)
6. Michael Hayden, Chertoff Group.
7. Alyza Sebenius, “Writing the Rules of Cyberwar,” Atlantic, June 28, 2017, https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2017/06/cyberattack-russia-ukraine-hack/531957/ (accessed February 5, 2018); Bryant Jordan, “US Still Has No Definition for Cyber Act of War,” Military.com, June 2, 2016, https://www.military.com/daily-news/2016/06/22/us-still-has-no-definition-for-cyber-act-of-war.html (accessed February 19, 2018).
8. Michael Hayden, in an interview with Jeff Pegues, CBS News, November 1, 2016.
CHAPTER 18.ELECTION DAY
1. Massimo Calabresi, “Exclusive: Read the Previously Undisclosed Plan to Counter Russian Hacking on Election Day,” Time, July 20, 2017, http://time.com/4865798/russia-hacking-election-day-obama-plan/ (accessed February 5, 2018).
2. Michael Kan, “Election Day in the US Faces Spectre of Cyberattacks,” PC World, November 7, 2016, https://www.pcworld.com/article/3139283/security/us-election-day-faces-specter-of-cyberattacks.html (accessed February 5, 2018).
3. “US Election Night 2016—As It Happened,” Guardian, July 14, 2017, https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/live/2016/nov/08/us-election-2016-polls-trump-clinton-live (accessed February 5, 2018).
4. Ibid.
5. Ibid.
CHAPTER 19.WHAT HAS JUST HAPPENED?
1. Alexi McCammond, “Trump Again Calls Russia Probe a Hoax,” Axios, December 29, 2017, https://www.axios.com/trump-again-calls-russia-probe-a-hoax-1515110898-757025c8-532d-4d2a-9d50-2d607f65c099.html (accessed March 29, 2018).
2. Carol E. Lee and Julia Ainsley, “Focus on Flynn, Timeline Suggests Obstruction Is on Mueller's Mind,” NBC News, December 11, 2017, https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/18-crucial-days-what-did-president-know-when-did-he-n828261 (accessed February 19, 2018).
3. Greg Miller, Adam Entous, and Ellen Nakashima, “National Security Adviser Flynn Discussed Sanctions with Russian Ambassador, Despite Denials, Officials Say,” Washington Post, February 9, 2017, https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/national-security-adviser-flynn-discussed-sanctions-with-russian-ambassador-despite-denials-officials-say/2017/02/09/f85b29d6-ee11-11e6-b4ff-ac2cf509efe5_story.html?utm_term=.4b7b7d1d7f6d (accessed February 19, 2018).
4. Dana Priest, “Trump Advisor Michael Flynn on His Dinner with Putin and Why Russia Today Is Just like CNN,” Washington Post, August 15, 2016, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/checkpoint/wp/2016/08/15/trump-adviser-michael-t-flynn-on-his-dinner-with-putin-and-why-russia-today-is-just-like-cnn/?utm_term=.a76532ec71f3 (accessed March 29, 2018).
CHAPTER 20.A SIDENOTE ABOUT COMEY
1. James B. Comey, in letter to Congressional Select Intelligence Committee, October 28, 2016, http://online.wsj.com/public/resources/documents/Binder2.pdf (accessed February 13, 2018).
2. John Cassidy, “James Comey's October Surprise,” New Yorker, October 28, 2016, https://www.newyorker.com/news/john-cassidy/james-comeys-october-surprise (accessed February 13, 2018).
3. Patricia Zengerle and Doina Chiacu, “Ex-CIA Chief: Worries Grew of Trump Campaign Contacts to Russia,” Reuters, May 23, 2017, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-russia/ex-cia-chief-worries-grew-of-trump-campaign-contacts-to-russia-idUSKBN18J2DE (accessed March 29, 2018).
4. Garrett Graff, “What Donald Trump Needs to Know about Bob Mueller and Jim Comey,” Politico, May 18, 2017, https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2017/05/18/james-comey-trump-special-prosecutor-robert-mueller-fbi-215154 (accessed February 23, 2018).
5. Ibid.
6. Colleen Shalby, “Comey, Mueller, and the Showdown at John Ashcroft's Hospital Bed,” Los Angeles Times, May 17, 2017, http://www.latimes.com/politics/la-na-pol-mueller-comey-ashcroft-domestic-surveillance-20170517-story.html (accessed February 23, 2018).
7. Stephen Collinson, Jeremy Herb, and Tom LoBianco, “James Comey Testimony: Trump Asked Me to Let Flynn Investigation Go,” CNN, June 8, 2017, https://www.cnn.com/2017/06/07/politics/james-comey-testimony-released/index.html (accessed February 23, 2018).
8. James Griffiths, “Trump Says He Considered ‘This Russia Thing’ before Firing FBI Director Comey,” CNN, May 12, 2017, https://www.cnn.com/2017/05/12/politics/trump-comey-russia-thing/index.html (accessed February 23, 2018).
9. Amy Davidson Sorkin, “Robert Mueller's Distinctly American Indictments,” New Yorker, March 5, 2018, https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2018/03/05/robert-muellers-distinctly-american-indictments (accessed March 29, 2018).
CHAPTER 21.THERE CAN'T BE TWO PRESIDENTS
1. Linda Power is a pseudonym. She is a source in the intelligence community.
2. Barack Obama, “Press Conference by the President,” Office of the Press Secretary, December 16, 2016, https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2016/12/16/press-conference-president (accessed March 31, 2018).
3. Eric Levitz, “Report: Kushner Told Flynn to Sabotage US Policy with Russia's Help,” New York Magazine, December 1, 2017, http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2017/12/report-kushner-had-flynn-contact-russia-during-transition.html (accessed February 19, 2018).
4. Michael Hayden, in an interview with Jeff Pegues for CBS News, November 1, 2016.
5. Jim Lewis, in an interview with Jeff Pegues for CBS News, December 16, 2016.
6. David Martin, “Russian Hack Almost Brought the US Military to Its Knees,” CBS News, December 15, 2018, https://www.cbsnews.com/news/russian-hack-almost-brought-the-u-s-military-to-its-knees/ (accessed February 10, 2018).
7. Lewis, interview with Jeff Pegues.
CHAPTER 22.OBAMA RESPONDS
1. David Jackson, “Obama Sanctions Russian Officials over Election Hacking,” USA Today, December 29, 2016, https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2016/12/29/barack-obama-russia-sanctions-vladimir-putin/95958472/ (accessed February 5, 2018).
2. Evan Perez and Daniella Diaz, “White House Announces Retaliation against Russia: Sanctions, Ejecting Diplomats,” CNN, January 2, 2017, https://www.cnn.com/2016/12/29/politics/russia-sanctions-announced-by-white-house/index.html (accessed February 21, 2018).
3. White House Office of the Press Secretary, “Fact Sheet: Actions in Response to Russian Malicious Cyber Activity and Harassment,” press release, December 29, 2016, https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2016/12/29/fact-sheet-actions-response-russian-malicious-cyber-activity-and (accessed February 5, 2018).
4. “Russian Diplomats Expelled by Obama over Hacking Leave US,” BBC News, January 1, 2017, http://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-38484735 (accessed February 5, 2018).
5. Grizzly Steppe: Russian Malicious Cyber Activity (Joint Analysis Report; Washington, DC: Department of Homeland Security, Federal Bureau of Investigation, December 29, 2016), https://www.us-cert.gov/sites/default/files/publications/JAR_16-20296A_GRIZZLY%20STEPPE-2016-1229.pdf (accessed February 5, 2018).
6. White House Office of the Press Secretary, “Statement by the President on Actions in Response to Russian Malicious Cyber Activity and Harassment,” press release, December 29, 2016, https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2016/12/29/statement-president-actions-response-russian-malicious-cyber-activity (accessed February 5, 2018).
7. Ibid.
8. Brooke Seipel, “Trump: I ‘Know Things That Other People Don't Know’ about Hacking,” Hill, December 31, 2016, http://thehill.com/blogs/blog-briefing-room/news/312335-trump-i-know-things-about-hacking-that-other-people-don't (accessed February 5, 2018).
9. Alfred Ng, “Russian Twitter Bots Keep Up after Florida Shooting,” CNET, February 20, 2018, https://www.cnet.com/news/russian-twitter-bots-still-a-menace-after-florida-shooting/ (accessed March 29, 2018).
CHAPTER 23.9/11, ANTIFA, AND HAMILTON 68: A CONVERSATION WITH LAURA ROSENBERGER
1. Laura Rosenberger, in an interview with the author, September 19, 2017.
2. Ibid.
3. Ibid.
4. Ibid.
5. Jeff Pegues, “American Journalist Who Worked for Sputnik Opens up about FBI Questioning,” CBS News, September 17, 2018, https://www.cbsnews.com/news/american-journalist-andrew-feinberg-worked-for-sputnik-fbi-questioning/ (accessed March 29, 2018).
6. “Putin Says Russia Has Never Been Involved in Hacking ‘at the State Level,’” CBS News, June 1, 2017, https://www.cbsnews.com/news/putin-says-russia-has-never-been-involved-in-hacking-at-the-state-level/ (accessed January 28, 2018).
7. David Frum, “The Chilling Effects of Openly Displayed Firearms,” Atlantic, August 16, 2017, https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2017/08/open-carry-laws-mean-charlottesville-could-have-been-graver/537087/ (accessed March 29, 2018).
8. Paul Duggan, “Charge Upgraded to First-Degree Murder for Driver Accused of Ramming Charlottesville Crowd,” Washington Post, December 14, 2017, https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/crime/driver-accused-of-plowing-into-charlottesville-crowd-killing-heather-heyer-due-in-court/2017/12/13/6cbb4ce8-e029-11e7-89e8-edec16379010_story.html?utm_term=.c39346733811 (accessed January 28, 2018).
9. Nancy Cook, “Trump Fails to Condemn White Supremacists in Statement on Charlottesville Violence,” Politico, August 12, 2017, https://www.politico.com/story/2017/08/12/trump-white-supremacists-charlottesville-violence-241575 (accessed January 28, 2018).
10. Matt Pierce, “Who Was Responsible for the Violence in Charlottesville? Here's What Witnesses Say,” Los Angeles Times, August 15, 2017, http://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-charlottesville-witnesses-20170815-story.html (accessed March 29, 2018).
11. Nash Jenkins, “No, ‘Antifa’ Protesters Aren't Planning on Toppling the Government Tomorrow,” Time, November 3, 2017, http://time.com/5008829/antifa-november-4-rumors/ (accessed March 29, 2018).
12. Rosenberger, in interview with the author.
13. Ibid.
14. Ibid.
15. Ibid.
CHAPTER 24.RACE-BASED PROPAGANDA: UNDERMINING DEMOCRACY BY TAPPING OUR ACHILLES’ HEEL
1. Philip Ewing, “Russia's Election Meddling Part of a Long History of ‘Active Measures,’” NPR, May 23, 2017, https://www.npr.org/2017/05/23/528500501/lies-forgery-and-skulduggery-the-long-history-of-active-measures (accessed January 28, 2018).
2. US Information Agency, “How Soviet Active Measures Themes Were Spread,” in Soviet Active Measures in the ‘Post-Cold War’ Era 1988–1991 (report; Washington, DC: US House of Representatives Committee on Appropriations, June 1992), http://intellit.muskingum.edu/russia_folder/pcw_era/sect_03.htm (accessed January 28, 2018).
3. Casey Michel, “How Russia Keeps Exploiting Anti-Black Racism in the US,” Think Progress, September 26, 2017, https://thinkprogress.org/russias-sordid-history-of-exploiting-anti-black-racism-in-the-u-s-df3b83b4dd86/ (accessed January 28, 2018).
4. David Robert Grimes, “Russian Fake News Is Not New: Soviet Aids Propaganda Cost Countless Lives,” Guardian, June 14, 2017, https://www.theguardian.com/science/blog/2017/jun/14/russian-fake-news-is-not-new-soviet-aids-propaganda-cost-countless-lives (accessed January 28, 2018).
5. Ibid.
6. Michel, “How Russia Keeps Exploiting Anti-Black Racism.”
7. Ibid.
8. “How Russia-Linked Groups Used Facebook to Meddle in 2016 Election,” CBS News, September 13, 2017, https://www.cbsnews.com/news/how-russia-linked-groups-used-facebook-to-meddle-in-2016-election (accessed January 28, 2018).
9. Ben Collins, Kevin Poulsen, and Spencer Ackerman, “Exclusive: Russia Used Facebook Events to Organize Anti-Immigrant Rallies on US Soil,” Daily Beast, September 11, 2017, https://www.thedailybeast.com/exclusive-russia-used-facebook-events-to-organize-anti-immigrant-rallies-on-us-soil (accessed January 22, 2017).
10. Mike Isaac and Scott Shane, “Facebook to Deliver 3,000 Russia-Linked Ads to Congress on Monday,” New York Times, October 1, 2017, https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/01/technology/facebook-russia-ads.html?mtrref=www.google.it&gwh=00B64979D5850659A0739AE60ABF43F2&gwt=pay (accessed January 28, 2018).
CHAPTER 25.THE DOCUMENTS
1. Director of National Intelligence, Background to “Assessing Russian Activities and Intentions in Recent US Elections”: The Analytic Process and Cyber Incident Attribution (Washington, DC: Central Intelligence Agency, Department of Justice, National Security Agency, January 6, 2017), https://www.dni.gov/files/documents/ICA_2017_01.pdf (accessed September 24, 2017).
2. Katie Bo Williams, “Obama in Tough Spot on Russia,” August 7, 2016, Hill, http://thehill.com/policy/cybersecurity/290531-obama-in-tough-spot-with-russia (accessed March 29, 2018).
3. Interview with Linda Power. We are disguising the intelligence source's identity.
4. Ibid., p. ii.
5. Ibid.
6. Ibid.
7. Steve Gutterman and Gleb Bryanski, “Putin Says US Stoked Russian Protests,” Reuters, December 8, 2011, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-russia/putin-says-u-s-stoked-russian-protests-idUSTRE7B610S20111208 (accessed February 22, 2018).
8. Director of National Intelligence, Background to “Assessing Russian Activities.”
9. Spencer Ackerman and Kevin Poulsen, “EXCLUSIVE: ‘Lone DNC Hacker’ Guccifer 2.0 Slipped Up and Revealed He Was a Russian Intelligence Officer,” Daily Beast, March 22, 2018, https://www.thedailybeast.com/exclusive-lone-dnc-hacker-guccifer-20-slipped-up-and-revealed-he-was-a-russian-intelligence-officer (accessed March 29, 2018).
10. Ibid.
11. Craig Timberg, Elizabeth Dwoskin, Adam Entous, and Karoun Demirjian, “Russian Ads, Now Publicly Released, Show Sophistication of Influence Campaign,” Washington Post, November 1, 2017, https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/technology/russian-ads-now-publicly-released-show-sophistication-of-influence-campaign/2017/11/01/d26aead2-bf1b-11e7-8444-a0d4f04b89eb_story.html?utm_term=.98c96da4b8e4 (accessed February 24, 2018).
12. Director of National Intelligence, Background to “Assessing Russian Activities.”
CHAPTER 26.PUTIN'S END GAME IN THE UNITED STATES
1. Jim Lewis, in an interview with Jeff Pegues for CBS News, December 16, 2016.
2. Ibid.
3. Ibid.
4. Tom McCarthy, “How Russia Used Social Media to Divide Americans,” Guardian, October 14, 2017, https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/oct/14/russia-us-politics-social-media-facebook (accessed March 7, 2018).
CHAPTER 27.CLUES FOR REPORTERS: THAT NAGGING FEELING
1. Jeff Pegues, “Election Databases in Several States Were at Risk during 2016 Presidential Campaign,” CBS News, June 13, 2017, https://www.cbsnews.com/news/election-databases-in-several-states-were-at-risk-during-2016-presidential-campaign/ (accessed April 6, 2018).
2. Michael Finnegan, “Final Wisconsin Recount Tally Strengthens Trump's Victory,” Los Angeles Times, December 12, 2016, http://www.latimes.com/nation/politics/trailguide/la-na-trailguide-updates-final-wisconsin-recount-tally-1481584948-htmlstory.html (accessed February 7, 2018).
3. Ken Belson, “State Highlights,” New York Times, 2012, https://www.nytimes.com/elections/2012/results/states/wisconsin.html (accessed February 7, 2018).
4. Tina Nguyen, “Republicans Just Got a ‘Wake-Up Call’ in Wisconsin,” Vanity Fair, January 17, 2018, https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2018/01/wisconsin-state-senate-race-democratic-victory (accessed February 7, 2018).
5. Scott Bauer, “DHS Now Says Russia Didn't Target Wisconsin Voter-Registration System,” Bloomberg Politics, September 26, 2017, https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-09-26/homeland-security-now-says-wisconsin-elections-not-targeted (accessed February 7, 2018).
6. David Shepardson, “California, Wisconsin Deny Election Systems Targeted by Russian Hackers,” Reuters, September 28, 2017, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-election/california-wisconsin-deny-election-systems-targeted-by-russian-hackers-idUSKCN1C32SQ (accessed February 24, 2018).
7. Missy Ryan, Ellen Nakashima, and Karen DeYoung, “Obama Administration Announces Measures to Punish Russia for 2016 Election Interference,” Washington Post, December 29, 2016, https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/obama-administration-announces-measures-to-punish-russia-for-2016-election-interference/2016/12/29/311db9d6-cdde-11e6-a87f-b917067331bb_story.html?utm_term=.50d6436b0707 (accessed February 27, 2018).
8. Martin Matishak, “Trump Hasn't Directed NSA Chief to Strike Back at Russian Hackers,” Politico, February 27, 2018, https://www.politico.com/story/2018/02/27/trump-russia-hackers-nsa-response-368241 (accessed February 27, 2018).
9. Saisha Talwar, “Trump Calls Russia Election Hack a ‘Big Dem Hoax,’” ABC News, June 22, 2017, http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/trump-calls-russia-election-hack-big-dem-hoax/story?id=48206952 (accessed February 7, 2018).
10. Tom McCarthy, Jon Swaine, and Ben Jacobs, “Former FBI Head Robert Mueller to Oversee Trump-Russia Investigation,” Guardian, May 17, 2017, https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/may/17/trump-russia-investigation-special-counsel-robert-mueller-fbi (accessed February 7, 2018).
11. Tal Kopan, “DHS Officials: 21 States Potentially Targeted by Russia Hackers Pre-Election,” CNN Politics, July 18, 2017, https://www.cnn.com/2017/06/21/politics/russia-hacking-hearing-states-targeted/index.html (accessed February 7, 2018).
12. Emily Tillett and Julia Kimani Burnham, “DHS Official: Election Systems in 21 States Were Targeted in Russia Cyber Attacks,” CBS News, June 21, 2017, http://www.cbsnews.com/news/dhs-official-election-systems-in-21-states-were-targeted-in-russia-cyber-attacks/ (accessed August 14, 2017).
13. Michael Riley and Jordan Robertson, “Russian Cyber Hacks on US Electoral System Far Wider than Previously Known,” Bloomberg Politics, June 13, 2017, https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-06-13/russian-breach-of-39-states-threatens-future-u-s-elections (accessed September 4, 2017).
14. Emily Tillett, “DHS Official: Election Systems in 21 States Were Targeted in Russia Cyber Attacks,” CBS News, June 21, 2017, https://www.cbsnews.com/news/dhs-official-election-systems-in-21-states-were-targeted-in-russia-cyber-attacks/ (accessed April 6, 2018).
15. Ibid.
CHAPTER 28.VOTING BOOTH DINOSAURS
1. Lily Hay Newman, “The Simple Fix That'd Help Protect Georgia from Election Hacks,” Wired, June 15, 2017, https://www.wired.com/story/georgia-runoff-election-hack-audit-vote/ (accessed February 5, 2018).
2. Ben Wofford, “How to Hack an Election in 7 Minutes,” Politico, August 5, 2018, https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2016/08/2016-elections-russia-hack-how-to-hack-an-election-in-seven-minutes-214144 (accessed February 5, 2018).
3. Nicole Perlroth, Michael Wines, and Matthew Rosenberg, “Russian Election Hacking Efforts, Wider than Previously Known, Draw Little Scrutiny,” New York Times, September 1, 2017, https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/01/us/politics/russia-election-hacking.html (accessed February 5, 2018).
4. Jessica Schulberg, “Good News for Russia: 15 States Use Easily Hackable Voting Machines,” Huffington Post, July 17, 2017, https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/electronic-voting-machines-hack-russia_us_5967e1c2e4b03389bb162c96 (accessed February 5, 2018).
5. Ariel J. Feldman, J. Alex Halderman, and Edward W. Felten, “Security Analysis of the Diebold AccuVote-TS Voting Machine,” Center for Information Technology Policy at Princeton University, September 13, 2006.
6. Ibid.
7. Edward Felten, professor of computer science and public affairs at Princeton University, in an interview with the author, September 12, 2017.
8. Lawrence Norden, Christopher Famighetti, “America's Voting Machines at Risk,” Brennan Center for Justice, September 15, 2015, https://www.brennancenter.org/publication/americas-voting-machines-risk (accessed February 5, 2018).
9. Abby Goodnough and Christopher Drew, “Florida Moves to End Touch-Screen Voting,” New York Times, February 1, 2007, http://www.nytimes.com/2007/02/01/us/01cnd-voting.html?pagewanted=print (accessed February 5, 2018).
10. Charlotte Alter, “Detroit Voting Machine Failures Were Widespread on Election Day,” Time, December 14, 2016, http://time.com/4599886/detroit-voting-machine-failures-were-widespread-on-election-day/ (accessed February 5, 2018).
11. Max Blau, Mayra Cuevas, and Emily Smith, “Michigan Recount Halted,” CNN Politics, December 8, 2016, https://www.cnn.com/2016/12/08/politics/michigan-election-recount/index.html (accessed February 5, 2018).
12. Roger DuPuis, “Jill Stein's ‘Irrational’ Pa. Recount Request Denied,” Central Pennsylvania Business Journal, December 12, 2016, http://www.cpbj.com/article/20161212/CPBJ01/161219974/jill-steins-irrational-pa-recount-request-denied (accessed February 11, 2016).
13. Perlroth, Wines and Rosenberg, “Russian Election Hacking Efforts.”
14. Director of National Intelligence, Background to “Assessing Russian Activities and Intentions in Recent US Elections”: The Analytic Process and Cyber Incident Attribution (Washington, DC: Central Intelligence Agency, Department of Justice, National Security Agency, January 6, 2017), https://www.dni.gov/files/documents/ICA_2017_01.pdf (accessed February 22, 2018).
15. Perlroth, Wines, and Rosenberg, “Russian Election Hacking Efforts.”
16. Aaron Mak, “Evidence of Russian Election-Data Tampering Mounts as Urgency to Investigate It Does Not,” Slate, September 1, 2017, http://www.slate.com/blogs/the_slatest/2017/09/01/did_russian_hacking_of_vr_systems_affect_election_in_durham_county_new_york.html (accessed February 22, 2018).
17. Jeff Zeleny, Michael J. Berens, and Geoff Dougherty, “Ballots, Rules, Voter Error Led to 2000 Election Muddle, Review Shows,” Chicago Tribune, November 12, 2001, http://www.chicagotribune.com/sns-ballots-tribune-story.html (accessed February 5, 2018).
18. Verified Voting, “Votomatic,” https://www.verifiedvoting.org/resources/voting-equipment/ess/votamatic/ (accessed April 6, 2018).
19. Greg Palast, “Vanishing Votes,” Nation, April 29, 2004, https://www.thenation.com/article/vanishing-votes/ (accessed February 5, 2018).
20. Samantha Levine, “Hanging Chads: As the Florida Recount Implodes, the Supreme Court Decides Bush v. Gore,” US News & World Report, January 17, 2008, https://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2008/01/17/the-legacy-of-hanging-chads (accessed February 5, 2018).
21. “Voting Irregularities in Florida during the 2000 Presidential Election: Executive Summary” (Washington, DC: US Civil Rights Commission, June 2001), http://www.usccr.gov/pubs/vote2000/report/exesum.htm (accessed February 5, 2018).
22. Ibid.
23. John Lantigua, “How the GOP Gamed the System in Florida,” Nation, April 12, 2001, https://www.thenation.com/article/how-gop-gamed-system-florida/ (accessed April 6, 2018).
24. Wade Payson-Denney, “So, Who Really Won? What the Bush v. Gore Studies Showed,” CNN, October 31, 2015, https://www.cnn.com/2015/10/31/politics/bush-gore-2000-election-results-studies/index.html (accessed February 5, 2018).
25. Ibid.
26. Lloyd Vries, “Presidential Election Lawsuit Ends,” CBS News, September 4, 2002, https://www.cbsnews.com/news/presidential-election-lawsuit-ends/ (accessed February 5, 2018).
27. Ford Fessenden, “Florida List for Purge of Voters Proves Flawed,” New York Times, July 10, 2004, http://www.nytimes.com/2004/07/10/us/florida-list-for-purge-of-voters-proves-flawed.html (accessed February 5, 2018).
28. “Voting Irregularities in Florida.”
29. Ibid.
30. Ibid.
31. Ibid.
32. Ibid.
33. Felten, interview with the author.
34. Ibid.
35. Mark Niesse, “Lawmakers Propose Switching Georgia from Digital to Paper Ballots,” Atlanta Journal-Constitution, January 22, 2018, https://www.myajc.com/news/state-regional-govt-politics/lawmakers-propose-switching-georgia-from-digital-paper-ballots/DnMzFdOpB2fA52cZt8D4xO/ (accessed April 7, 2018).
CHAPTER 29.A HOLE IN THE DIKE
1. Joe Uchill, “Illinois Voting Records Hack Didn't Target Specific Records, Says IT Staff,” Hill, May 4, 2017, http://thehill.com/policy/cybersecurity/331981-ill-voting-records-hack-didnt-target-specific-records-says-state-it (accessed February 19, 2018).
2. Kyle Thomas and Kevin Turner, in an interview with the author, August 28, 2017.
3. Ibid.
4. Ibid.
CHAPTER 30.CYBER TOOLS
1. Brett Samuels, “DHS Cyber Chief: Russia ‘Successfully Penetrated’ Some State Voter Rolls,” Hill, February 7, 2018, http://thehill.com/policy/cybersecurity/372816-russia-successfully-penetrated-voter-rolls-in-some-states-report (accessed February 10, 2018).
2. Cory Bennett, Eric Geller, Martin Matishak and Tim Starks, “Cash-Strapped States Brace for Russian Hacking Fight,” Politico, September 3, 2017, https://www.politico.com/story/2017/09/03/election-hackers-russia-cyberattack-voting-242266 (accessed January 10, 2018).
3. Morgan Chalfant, “Dems Call for States to Get $400 M Election Security Upgrades,” Hill, November 20, 2017, http://thehill.com/policy/cybersecurity/361263-dems-say-congress-should-send-400m-to-states-for-election-cyber-upgrades (accessed February 11, 2018).
4. Rep. Robert Brady and Rep. Bennie Thompson, in letter to Chairman Rodney Frelinghuysen and the Honorable Nita M. Lowey, Congress of the United States, November 16, 2017, https://democrats-homeland.house.gov/sites/democrats.homeland.house.gov/files/documents/appropstf.pdf (accessed March 13, 2018).
5. Ellen Mitchell, “The Pentagon's Battle of the Bands,” Politico, May 22, 2018, https://www.politico.com/story/2016/05/pentagons-bands-battle-223435 (accessed February 11, 2018).
6. Rob Joyce, in an interview with Jeff Pegues for CBS News, August 22, 2017.
7. “Was Russian Hacking of Ukraine's Power Grid a Test Run for US Attack?” CBS News, June 23, 2017, https://www.cbsnews.com/news/russian-hacking-of-ukraines-power-grid-test-run-for-us-attack/ (accessed February 6, 2018).
8. Jim Lewis, in an interview with Jeff Pegues for CBS News, December 16, 2016.
9. Ibid.
10. Ibid.
11. Adam Meyers, in an interview with Jeff Pegues for CBS News, December 19, 2017.
12. Nicky Woolf, “DDOS Attack That Disrupted Internet Was Largest of Its Kind in History, Experts Say,” Guardian, October 26, 2016, https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/oct/26/ddos-attack-dyn-mirai-botnet (accessed February 10, 2018).
13. Lily Hay Newman, “The Botnet That Broke the Internet Isn't Going Away,” Wired, December 9, 2016, https://www.wired.com/2016/12/botnet-broke-internet-isnt-going-away/ (accessed March 8, 2018).
14. “Source Code for IOT Botnet Mirai Released,” Krebs on Security Newsletter, October 16, 2016, https://krebsonsecurity.com/2016/10/source-code-for-iot-botnet-mirai-released/ (accessed February 6, 2018).
15. Meyers, interview with Jeff Pegues.
16. Ibid.
17. Jeff Pegues, “Hackers Exploited Connected ‘Smart’ Devices for Massive Cyberattack,” CBS News, October 24, 2016, https://www.cbsnews.com/news/hackers-exploited-connected-smart-devices-for-massive-cyberattack/ (accessed April 6, 2018).
18. Meyers, interview with Jeff Pegues.
19. Extremist Content and Russian Disinformation Online: Working with Tech to Find Solutions, Before the US Senate Committee on the Judiciary Subcommittee on Crime and Terrorism, 115th Cong. (2017) (statement of Clint Watts, Robert A. Fox Fellow, Foreign Policy Research Institute), https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/10-31-17%20Watts%20Testimony.pdf (accessed January 28, 2018).
20. Ibid.
21. Craig Timberg, Elizabeth Dwoskin, Adam Entous, and Karoun Demirjian, “Russian Ads, Now Publicly Released, Show Sophistication of Influence Campaign,” New York Times, November 1, 2017, https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/technology/russian-ads-now-publicly-released-show-sophistication-of-influence-campaign/2017/11/01/d26aead2-bf1b-11e7-8444-a0d4f04b89eb_story.html?utm_term=.98c96da4b8e4 (accessed February 24, 2018).
22. Laura Rosenberger, in an interview with the author, September 19, 2017.
23. Jeff Pegues, “‘Follow the Trail of Dead Russians’: Senate Hears Testimony on ‘Cyber Invasion,’” CBS News, March 20, 2017, https://www.cbsnews.com/news/russian-meddling-investigation-misinformation-tactics-senate-intelligence-committee/ (accessed February 24, 2018).
24. Stefan Meister, “The ‘Lisa Case’: Germany as a Target of Russian Disinformation,” NATO Review, 2016, https://www.nato.int/docu/review/2016/Also-in-2016/lisa-case-germany-target-russian-disinformation/EN/index.htm (accessed February 24, 2018).
25. Ibid.
26. Rosenberger, interview with the author.
27. Beckett Mufson, “A Fake Antifa Account Was ‘Busted’ for Tweeting from Russia,” Vice, September 28, 2017, https://www.vice.com/en_ca/article/59dwed/a-fake-antifa-account-was-busted-for-tweeting-from-russia-vgtrn (accessed February 24, 2018).
28. Ben Collings, Kevin Poulsen, and Spencer Ackerman, “Exclusive: Russia Used Facebook Events to Organize Anti-Immigrant Rallies on US Soil,” Daily Beast, September 11, 2017, https://www.thedailybeast.com/exclusive-russia-used-facebook-events-to-organize-anti-immigrant-rallies-on-us-soil (accessed February 24, 2018).
29. Extremist Content (Watts).
30. Jeff Pegues, “After Hack, Arizona Working to Keep Its Elections Database Secure,” CBS News, October 13, 2016, https://www.cbsnews.com/news/after-hack-arizona-working-to-keep-its-elections-database-secure/ (accessed February 24, 2018).
CHAPTER 31.SHOULD WE TRUST THEM?
1. Veleria Fernandez, “Arizona's ‘Concentration Camp’: Why Was Tent City Kept Open for 24 Years?” Guardian, August 21, 2017, https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2017/aug/21/arizona-phoenix-concentration-camp-tent-city-jail-joe-arpaio-immigration (accessed February 4, 2018).
2. Ibid.
3. Ibid.
4. Michael Lacey, “Prisoners Hang Themselves in Sheriff Joe Arpaio's Jails at a Rate That Dwarfs Other County Lockups,” Phoenix New Times, November 24, 2015, http://www.phoenixnewtimes.com/news/prisoners-hang-themselves-in-sheriff-joe-arpaios-jails-at-a-rate-that-dwarfs-other-county-lockups-7845679 (accessed February 4, 2018).
5. Department of Justice, “Investigation of the Maricopa County Sheriff's Office,” Civil Rights Division, August 6, 2015, https://www.justice.gov/crt/investigation-maricopa-county-sheriffs-office (accessed February 4, 2018).
6. Julie Hirschfeld Davis and Maggie Haberman, “Trump Pardons Joe Arpaio, Who Became Face of Crackdown on Illegal Immigration,” New York Times, August 25, 2017, https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/25/us/politics/joe-arpaio-trump-pardon-sheriff-arizona.html (accessed February 4, 2018).
7. Gabrielle Levy, US News & World Report, “Sheriff Joe Arpaio Says He's ‘Seriously’ Considering Run for Jeff Flake's Senate Seat,” AOL, December 8, 2017, https://www.aol.com/article/news/2017/12/08/sheriff-joe-arpaio-says-hes-seriously-considering-run-for-jeff-flakes-senate-seat/23302009/ (accessed February 4, 2018).
8. Mary Jo Pitzl, “Sec'y of State Candidate Gets Endorsement from SB 1070 Co-Author,” Arizona Republic, June 17, 2014, https://www.azcentral.com/story/politicalinsider/2014/06/17/arizona-secretary-state-kobach-endorsement/10674329/ (accessed February 4, 2018).
9. Howard Fischer, “Bid for Ban of AZ Gay Marriages Is Derailed,” Arizona Daily Star, April 4, 2008, http://tucson.com/news/local/bid-for-ban-of-az-gay-marriages-is-derailed/article_cb1bcb85-7a59-5573-8341-8114fd6ae870.html (accessed February 4, 2018).
10. Michele Reagan, Arizona secretary of state, in an interview with the author, January 12, 2018.
11. Ellen Nakashima, “Russian Hackers Targeted Arizona Election System,” Washington Post, August 29, 2016, https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/fbi-is-investigating-foreign-hacks-of-state-election-systems/2016/08/29/6e758ff4-6e00-11e6-8365-b19e428a975e_story.html?utm_term=.6b798f97750c (accessed February 4, 2018).
12. Arizona Secretary of State, “Secretary Reagan Rejects Request of Voter Data from Presidential Commission,” press release, July 4, 2017.
13. Nakashima, “Russian Hackers.”
14. Barbie Latza Nadeau, “Inside ‘Black Death Group,’ the Dark Web Gang That Kidnapped a Model,” Daily Beast, December 7, 2017, https://www.thedailybeast.com/the-case-of-the-kidnapped-model-exposes-dark-corners-of-the-deep-web (accessed February 19, 2018).
15. Nakashima, “Russian Hackers.”
16. Michele Reagan, Arizona secretary of state, in an interview with Jeff Pegues for CBS News, October 12, 2016.
17. Ibid.
18. Ibid.
19. Ibid.
20. Ibid.
21. Ibid.
22. Ibid.
23. Ibid.
24. Kris W. Kobach, in letter to North Carolina, June 28, 2017, https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3881856-Correspondence-PEIC-Letter-to-North-Carolina.html (accessed February 4, 2018).
25. Ibid; Jessica Huseman, “Presidential Commission Demands Massive Amounts of State Voter Data,” ProPublica, June 29, 2018, https://www.propublica.org/article/presidential-commission-demands-massive-amounts-of-state-voter-data (accessed February 4, 2018).
26. Ali Vitali, Peter Alexander, and Kelly O'Donnell, “Trump Establishes Vote Fraud Commission,” CNBC, May 11, 2018, https://www.cnbc.com/2017/05/11/trump-to-establish-vote-fraud-commission.html (accessed February 4, 2018).
27. Arizona Secretary of State, “Secretary Reagan Rejects Request.”
28. Associated Press, “Judge Backs Maine Secretary of State in Lawsuit against Trump Voter Fraud Panel,” Press Herald, December 22, 2017, https://www.pressherald.com/2017/12/22/judge-backs-maine-secretary-of-state-in-lawsuit-against-trump-voter-fraud-panel/ (accessed February 4, 2018).
29. Jordan Fabian and Brandon Carter, “Trump Dissolves Voter Fraud Commission,” Hill, January 3, 2018, http://thehill.com/homenews/administration/367343-trump-dissolves-voter-fraud-commission (accessed February 4, 2018).
30. Geoff Pender, “Hosemann Tells Trump Commission ‘Go Jump in the Gulf’ on Voter Records,” Clarion Ledger, July 1, 2017, https://www.clarionledger.com/story/news/politics/2017/06/30/hosemann-voter-records/444623001/ (accessed February 4, 2018).
31. Reagan, interview with author, January 12, 2018.
32. Arizona Secretary of State, “Secretary Reagan Rejects Request.”
33. Reagan, interview with author, January 12, 2018.
34. Ibid.
35. Arizona Secretary of State, “Russian Hack Update,” October 12, 2017, https://www.azsos.gov/about-office/media-center/azsosblog/1328 (accessed April 10, 2018).
36. Dustin Volz, “Arizona Election Database Targeted in 2016 by Criminals, Not Russia: Source,” Reuters, April 8, 2018, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-cyber-election/arizona-election-database-targeted-in-2016-by-criminals-not-russia-source-idUSKBN1HF11F (accessed April 8, 2018).
37. Reagan, interview with author, January 12, 2018.
CHAPTER 32.THINGS HAVE GONE HORRIBLY AWRY
1. Steve Nelson, “Lock Him Up? Lawmakers Renew Calls for James Clapper Perjury Charges,” U.S. News and World Report, November 17, 2016, https://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2016-11-17/lawmakers-resume-calls-for-james-clapper-perjury-charges (accessed April 7, 2018).
2. Director of National Intelligence James Clapper, in interview with Jeff Pegues for CBS News, May 14, 2017
3. Abigail Tracey, “‘A Really Really Good Deal’: Mike Flynn's Guilty Plea Suggests He's Turned on Trump,” Vanity Fair, December 1, 2017, https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2017/12/mike-flynn-guilty-plea-donald-trump (accessed April 6, 2018).
4. Matt Apuzzo, Maggie Haberman, and Matthew Rosenberg, “Trump Told Russians That Firing ‘Nut Job’ Comey Eased Pressure from Investigation,” New York Times, May 19, 2017, https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/19/us/politics/trump-russia-comey.html (accessed April 4, 2018).
5. Jeff Stein, “Trump's Russia-ISIS Slip Unprecedented in US Presidential History,” Newsweek, May 16, 2017, http://www.newsweek.com/trump-russia-isis-israel-putin-lavrov-kislyak-oval-office-netanyahu-610500 (accessed February 24, 2018).
6. Julie Vitkovskaya and Amanda Erickson, “The Strange Oval Office Meeting between Trump, Lavrov, and Kislyak,” Washington Post, May 10, 2017, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2017/05/10/the-strange-oval-office-meeting-between-trump-lavrov-and-kislyak/?utm_term=.d0b7fc1a218c (accessed February 24, 2018).
7. Clapper, interview with Jeff Pegues.
CHAPTER 33.THE NEW PLAYING FIELD
1. Jack Shenker, “Egyptian Pyramid Closes Briefly Over 11/11/11 Rumour Mill,” Guardian, November 11, 2011, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/nov/11/egypt-great-pyramid-closes-111111 (accessed February 24, 2018).
2. CIA director John Brennan, in an interview with the author, September 12, 2016.
3. Rob Joyce, in an interview with Jeff Pegues for CBS News, August 22, 2017.
4. Jeff Pegues, “W. H. Cybersecurity Coordinator Warns against Using Kaspersky Lab Software,” CBS News, August 22, 2017, https://www.cbsnews.com/news/kasperksy-lab-software-suspected-ties-russian-intelligence-rob-joyce/ (accessed February 24, 2018).
5. Ibid.
CHAPTER 34.OUR PLAYBOOK
1. Laura Rosenberger, in an interview with the author, September 19, 2017.
2. Michael Morell and Suzanne Kelly, “Fmr. CIA Acting Dir. Michael Morell: ‘This Is the Political Equivalent of 9/11,’” Cipher Brief, December 11, 2016, https://www.thecipherbrief.com/fmr-cia-acting-dir-michael-morell-political-equivalent-911-1091 (accessed February 26, 2018).
3. Ibid.
4. Greg Miller, Ellen Nakashima, and Adam Entous, “Obama's Secret Struggle to Punish Russia for Putin's Election Assault,” Washington Post, June 23, 2017, https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/2017/world/national-security/obama-putin-election-hacking/?utm_term=.e234621e3524 (accessed February 26, 2018).
5. Associated Press, “Russian Indicted in Election Probe Says US Justice ‘1-Sided,’” Business Insider, February 17, 2018, http://www.businessinsider.com/ap-russian-indicted-in-election-probe-says-us-justice-1-sided-2018-2 (accessed April 8, 2018).
6. Michael Hayden, in an interview with Jeff Pegues for CBS News, October 2016.
7. Jim Lewis, in an interview with Jeff Pegues for CBS News, December 16, 2016.
8. Department of Defense Law of War Manual (June 2015; Washington, DC: Office of General Counsel, December 2016), https://www.defense.gov/Portals/1/Documents/pubs/DoD%20Law%20of%20War%20Manual%20-%20June%202015%20Updated%20Dec%202016.pdf?ver=2016-12-13-172036-190 (accessed February 27, 2018).
9. Charlie Dunlap, “Cyber Operations and the New Defense Department Law of War Manual: Initial Impressions,” Lawfare, June 15, 2015, https://www.lawfareblog.com/cyber-operations-and-new-defense-department-law-war-manual-initial-impressions (accessed April 4, 2018).
10. Krishnadev Calamur, “Putin Says ‘Patriotic Hackers’ May Have Targeted US Election,” Atlantic, June 1, 2017, https://www.theatlantic.com/news/archive/2017/06/putin-russia-us-election/528825/ (accessed February 10, 2018).
11. Jamie Ross, “George W. Bush: Russia Definitely Meddled in the 2016 Election,” Daily Beast, February 8, 2018, https://www.thedailybeast.com/george-w-bush-russia-definitely-meddled-in-the-2016-election (accessed February 10, 2018).
CHAPTER 35.WHY DIDN'T THEY SEE IT?
1. James R. Clapper, Statement for the Record on the Worldwide Threat Assessment of the US Intelligence Community for the Senate Committee on Armed Services (transcript; Washington, DC: Senate Committee on Armed Services, March 10, 2011), https://fas.org/irp/congress/2011_hr/031011clapper.pdf (accessed March 13, 2018).
2. Ibid.
3. James R. Clapper, Statement for the Record, Worldwide Threat Assessment of the US Intelligence Community (transcript; Washington, DC: Senate Committee on Armed Services, April 18, 2013), https://www.dni.gov/files/documents/Intelligence%20Reports/UNCLASS_2013%20ATA%20SFR%20FINAL%20for%20SASC%2018%20Apr%202013.pdf (accessed April 4, 2018).
4. Ibid.
5. Ibid.
CHAPTER 36.A PATRIOTIC RUSSIAN HACKER
1. Democratic leaders in the House of Representatives and the Senate, in letter to the Republican majority, Congress of the United States, February 21, 2018; quoted in Ed O'Keefe, “Top Democrats Seeking $300 Million for FBI to Fight Foreign Election Interference,” Washington Post, February 21, 2018, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/powerpost/wp/2018/02/21/top-democrats-want-300-million-for-fbi-to-fight-foreign-election-interference/?utm_term=.a6c53b05ee88 (accessed February 24, 2018); “Following Recent Mueller Indictments in Russia Investigation, Schumer & Klobuchar Call on Trump Administration to Issue Public Report on Russia Efforts to Interfere in 2018 Elections, & Call for Major Increase in Federal Funds to Protect Integrity of American Elections,” Senate Democrats, February 21, 2018, https://www.democrats.senate.gov/newsroom/press-releases/following-recent-mueller-indictments-in-russia-investigation-schumer-and-klobuchar-call-on-trump-administration-to-issue-public-report-on-russia-efforts-to-interfere-in-2018-elections_call-for-major-increase-in-federal-funds-to-protect-integrity-of-american-elections- (accessed April 7, 2018).
2. Election official, in an interview with the author, February 2018.
3. DHS Official, in an interview with CBS News, October 2017.
4. “NSA Chief Spelled Out Russian Threat: Is Trump Listening?” Washington Post, February 28, 2018, https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/the-nsa-chief-spelled-out-the-russian-threat-is-trump-listening/2018/02/28/0849aef4-1cb4-11e8-b2d9-08e748f892c0_story.html (accessed April 7, 2018).
5. Matthew Rosenberg, “White House Has Given No Orders to Counter Russian Meddling, NSA Chief Says,” New York Times, February 27, 2018, https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/27/us/politics/michael-rogers-nsa-cyber-command-russia-election-meddling.html (accessed February 27, 2018).
6. Dan Friedman, “Intelligence Chiefs: Trump Has Not Directed Us to Stop Russian Meddling,” Mother Jones, February 13, 2018, https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2018/02/intelligence-chiefs-trump-has-not-directed-us-to-stop-russian-meddling/ (accessed February 19, 2018).
7. Alexi McCammond, “Trump Again Calls Russia Probe a Hoax,” Axios, December 29, 2017, https://www.axios.com/trump-again-calls-russia-probe-a-hoax-1515110898-757025c8-532d-4d2a-9d50-2d607f65c099.html (accessed March 29, 2018).
8. Michael Daniel, in an interview with the author, September 12, 2017.