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Spender, Matthew. From a High Place: A Life of Arshile Gorky. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1999.

Stearns, Marshall W. The Story of Jazz. New York: Oxford University Press, 1956.

Stearns, Peter N. American Cool: Constructing a Twentieth-Century Emotional Style. New York: New York University Press, 1994.

Stoehr, Taylor, ed. Drawing the Line: The Political Essays of Paul Goodman. New York: Free Life, 1977.

Stokes, Geoffrey, ed. The Village Voice Anthology (1956–1980): Twenty-five years of Writing from the Village Voice. New York: William Morrow, 1982.

Suarez, Juan A. Bike Boys, Drag Queens, and Superstars: Avant-Garde, Mass Culture, and Gay Identities in the 1960s Underground Cinema. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1996.

Sukenick, Ronald. Down and In: Life in the Underground. New York: Beech Tree, 1987.

Suzuki, Daisetz Teitaro. Essays in Zen Buddhism, First Series. New York: Grove Press, 1961.

———. Manual of Zen Buddhism. New York, Grove Press, 1960.

———, with Erich Fromm and Richard deMartino. Zen Buddhism and Psychoanalysis. New York: Grove Press, 1963.

Swanberg, W. A. Luce and His Empire. New York: Charles Scribner & Sons, 1972.

Tanahashi, Kazuaki, and Tensho David Schneider, eds. Essential Zen. New York: HarperCollins, 1995.

Tashjian, Dickran. A Boatload of Madmen: Surrealism and the American Avant-Garde, 1920–1950. New York: Thames and Hudson, 1995.

Tate, Greg. Flyboy in the Buttermilk: Essays on Contemporary America. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1992.

Taylor, William R., ed. Inventing Times Square: Commerce and Culture at the Crossroads of the World. New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 1991.

Thomas, Robert McG., Jr. “Anton Rosenberg, a Hipster Ideal, Dies At 71,” New York Times, February. 22, 1998.

———. “Harold Fox, Who Took Credit for the Zoot Suit, Dies at 86.” New York Times, August 1, 1996.

Thompson, Robert Farris. “An Aesthetic of the Cool.” African Arts Mgazine, 7, no. 5 (Autumn, 1973): 40–43, 64–67, 89–92.

———. Dancing Between Two Worlds: Kongo-Angola Culture and the Americas. New York: Caribbean Cultural Center, 1991.

———. Flash of the Spirit. Vintage, 1983.

Thurman, Robert. Inner Revolution. New York: Riverhead, 1998.

Timmons, Stuart. The Trouble with Harry Hay: Founder of the Modern Gay Movement. Boston: Alyson, 1990.

Tomkins, Calvin. The Bride and the Bachelors: Five Masters of the Avant-Garde: Duchamp, Tinguely, Cage, Rauschenberg and Cunningham. New York: Penguin, 1965.

———. Duchamp: A Biography. New York: Henry Holt, 1996.

———. Off the Wall: Robert Rauschenberg and the Art World of Our Time. New York: Penguin, 1980.

Tworkov, Helen. Zen in America. San Francisco: North Point Press, 1989.

———, ed. “‘Buddhism and the Beat Generation’: A Special Section Featuring ‘Spontaneous Intelligence,’ an Interview with Allen Ginsberg.” Tricycle, the Buddhist Review 5, no. 1 (Fall, 1995): 58–82.

Tytell, John. The Living Theatre: Art, Exile, and Outrage. New York: Grove Press, 1995.

Victoria, Brian A. (Daizen). Zen at War. New York: John Weatherhill, 1997.

Von Schmidt, Eric, and Jim Rooney. Baby, Let Me Follow You Down: The Illustrated History of the Cambridge Folk Years. 2nd ed. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1994.

Wainwright, Loudon. The Great American Magazine. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1986.

Wakefield, Dan. New York in the Fifties. New York: Houghton Mifflin/ Seymour Lawrence, 1992.

Watson, Steven. The Birth of the Beat Generation: Visionaries, Rebels, and Hipsters, 1944–1960. New York: Pantheon, 1995.

Watts, Alan W. Beat Zen, Square Zen and Zen. San Francisco: City Lights, 1959.

———. In My Own Way: An Autobiography, 1915–1965. New York: Pantheon, 1972.

Weeks, Jerome. “The Rule of Cool.” Dallas Morning News, July 30, 1998, 1–2.

Whitford, Frank. Bauhaus. London: Thames and Hudson, 1984.

Wilcock, John. The Autobiography and Sex Life of Andy Warhol. New York: Other Scenes, 1971.

Willet, John. The Theater of Erwin Piscator: Half a Century of Politics in the Theater. London: Eyre Methuen, 1978.

Williams, Richard. Dylan: A Man Called Alias. New York: Henry Holt, 1992.

Wittner, Lawrence S. Rebels Against War: The American Peace Movement, 1933–1983. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1984.

Wolf, Daniel, and Edwin Fancher, eds. The Village Voice Reader: A Mixed Bag from the Greenwich Village Newspaper. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1962.

Womack, Bill. “The Music of Contingency: An Interview with John Cage.” Zero. 3 (1979).

Woronov, Mary. Swimming Underground: My Years in the Warhol Factory. Boston: Journey, 1995.

Woods, Phil “Bebop.” The Note: The Newsletter of the Al Cohn Memorial Jazz Collection 7, no. 5 (May 1995): 1–2.

Zinn, Howard. A People’s History of the United States, 1492–Present. Rev. ed. New York: HarperCollins, 1995.

SELECTED FILMOGRAPHY

Bach, Jean, dir. A Great Day in Harlem. ABC Home Video, Stamford, CT, 1995.

Benedek, Laslo, dir. The Wild One. RCA/Columbia Pictures Home Video, Burbank, CA, 1986 [1954].

Brooks, Richard, dir. Blackboard Jungle. MGM/UA Home Video, Culver City: CA, 1989 [1955].

Brookner, Howard, dir. Burroughs, the Movie. Giorno Poetry Systems, New York, 1983.

Cassavetes, John, dir. Shadows. Fox Orion Home Video, Los Angeles, 1996 [1959].

Clarke, Shirley, dir. The Connection. Living Theatre Production. Mystic Fire Video, New York, 1961.

———. The Cool World. Courtesy of the Archive Research and Study Center of the UCLA Film and Television Archive. 1964.

de Antonio, Emile, and Mary Lampson, dirs. Painters Painting. Mystic Fire Video, New York, 1972.

Frank, Robert, and Al Leslie, dirs. Pull My Daisy. Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, 1959.

Frederickson, Bruce, dir. The Song of the Spirit: The Story of Lester Young. Collection Frederickson Willarmine, Minneapolis, 1990.

Fuller, Sam, dir. Pickup on South Street. CBS Fox Video, New York, 1991 [1953].

Guest, Val, dir. The Day the Earth Caught Fire. Thorne EMI Video, London, 1962.

Hawks, Howard, dir. Scarface. MCA Home Video, Universal City, CA [1932].

Hylkems, Hans, dir. Eric Dolphy: Last Date. Rhapsody Films, New York, 1991.

Kazan, Elia, dir. On the Waterfront. Columbia Tristar Home Video, Culver City, CA, 1995 [1954].

———. A Streetcar Named Desire. Warner Home Video, Burbank, CA, 1994 [1951].

LeRoy, Mervyn, dir. Little Caesar. MGM/UA Home Video, Culver City, CA, 1991 [1930].

MacAdams, Lewis, and Richard Lerner, dirs. What Happened to Kerouac? Vidmark Entertainment, Santa Monica, CA, 1987.

Maech, Klaus, dir. William S. Burroughs, Commissioner of Sewers. Mystic Fire Video, New York, 1991.

Palmer, Robert, dir. The World According to John Coltrane. Tony Byron Multiprises, 1990.

Pennebaker, D. A., dir. Bob Dylan: Don’t Look Back. Warner-Reprise Video, Los Angeles, 1967.

Ray, Nicholas, dir. Rebel Without a Cause. Warner Bros. Classics, Burbank, CA, 1983 [1955].

Schickel, Richard, dir. Elia Kazan: A Director’s Journal. Castle Hill, 1994.

Siodmak, Robert, dir. Phantom Lady. Universal Video, Universal City, CA, 1998 [1944].

Wiede, Robert, dir. Lenny Bruce: Swear to Tell the Truth. HBO Documentary Films, New York, 1998.

Zwerin, Charlotte, dir. Straight, No Chaser. Warner Home Video, Burbank, CA, 1990.

SELECTED DISCOGRAPHY

[ALL COMPACT DISKS]

Coltrane, John. Blue Train. Blue Note CDP 7 460952.

Davis, Miles. Birth of the Cool. Capitol Jazz CDP7 928622.

Dylan, Bob. Another Side of Bob Dylan. Columbia CK 8993.

———. Blonde on Blonde. Columbia CGK 841.

———. Bob Dylan. Columbia CK 08579.

———. Bob Dylan Live 1966: “The “Royal Albert Hall” Concert. Columbia C2K 65759.

———. Bringing It All Back Home. Columbia CK 9128.

———. The Freewheelin’ Bob Dylan. Columbia CK 8786.

———. The Times They Are A-Changin’. Columbia CK 8905.

Gillespie, Dizzy, featuring Charlie Parker. Groovin’ High. Savoy Jazz/Nippon Columbia SV 0152.

Gillespie, Dizzy, featuring Chano Pozo. Dizzier and Dizzier. BMG Media/Victor Jazz 09026-68517-2.

———. Dizzy Gillespie and His Big Band featuring Chano Pozo. GNP Crescendo GNPD 23.

Grillo, Frankie “Machito,” including Charlie Parker and Chano Pozo. Afro-Cuban Jazz. Saludos Amigos/Sarabandas CD 62015.

Kerouac, Jack. The Jack Kerouac Collection: The Complete Recorded Works. Rhino Records R-70939.

———. Jack Kerouac Reads On the Road. Rykodisc RCD 10474.

Kerouac, Jack, William Burroughs, Lenny Bruce, and others. The Beat Generation. Rhino Records R2/R4 7D281.

McLean, Jackie. Destination Out!. Blue Note CDP 72438 32087 22.

———. New Soil. Blue Note CDP 784013 2.

Monk, Thelonious. Criss-Cross. Columbia Legacy CK 48823.

———. The Best of Thelonious Monk: The Blue Note Years. Blue Note CDP 7 95636 2.

Monk, Thelonious, featuring John Coltrane. Live at the Five Spot. Blue Note D 110 906.

Monk, Thelonious, featuring Sonny Rollins. Brilliant Corners. Riverside Jazz Classics OJCCD-026-2.

Morgan, Lee. The Best of Lee Morgan. Blue Note CDP 7 911382.

Parker, Charlie. The Immortal Charlie Parker. Savoy Jazz/Nippon Columbia SV-0102.

Parker, Charlie, and Dizzy Gillespie. Bird and Diz. Verve/Polygram Records 831 133-2.

Powell, Bud. The Amazing Bud Powell, Vol. 1. Blue Note CDP 781503 2.

Velvet Underground. The Velvet Underground and Nico. Verve/Polygram 5008.

———. White Light/White Heat. Verve/Polygram 5046.

Young, Lester. The Best of Lester Young. Pablo Records PACD-2405-420-2.