INDEX
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Aborough, William, 171
Acapulco, 90, 130
Acla, 52
Act of Uniformity (1549), 5–6
Adams, Robert, 293
Africa, 13, 17–18, 20, 23, 25–27, 45, 52, 61, 72, 91, 103, 143, 146, 165, 170, 269, 319
Alba, Fernando Alvarez de Toledo, Duke of, 11, 41–42, 72, 79, 93, 164
Albert of Austria, Cardinal-Archduke, 276, 278–79
Alençon, Francois, Duke of, 71, 147, 149, 167, 176
Alexander, David, 37
Alexander VI, Pope, 12, 137
Alexandria, 96, 102–3
Allen, George, 83–84
Alvarez, Vicente, 241
Amadas, Charles, 44
Amadas, John, 44
Andalucia, 205, 211, 218, 280
Anderson, Sir Edmund, 295
Andrada, Manuel de, 270
Andrews, Kenneth, 320–21
Angel, Miguel, 125, 129
Angol, 119
Anian, Strait of, 90–91, 130–33, 135
Anthony, Nicholas, 23
Antilles, 47, 308
Anton, San Juan de, 127–29, 152
Antonelli, Juan Bautista, 201, 303
Antonio, Dom, Prior of Crato, 164–68, 170, 180, 204–5, 226–27, 245n, 263–65, 267–70, 276–84, 289
Antrim, 81
Antwerp, 17, 40, 122, 154, 176, 201, 220, 252, 255
Arana, Pedro de, 126
Araucanian Indians, 119–20
Argentina, 105
Arica, 124–25
Arkill Bay (Rathlin Island), 84
Armada (1588), origins, 201–2; preparations, 203, 218–20, 225; Drake’s attempts to forestall, 203, 205, 220, 223–31; effect of Cadiz raid upon, 210–11, 213–14, 216; religious crusade, 218; sails, 230–31; compared with the English fleet, 231–34; battles in the English Channel, 235–59; losses, 259, 261–62; return voyage, 261–62
Arundel, Henry Fitzalan, Earl of, 151, 287
Ashe, Devon, 158, 162
Ashley, Anthony, 267, 272, 282
Atlantic Ocean, 12, 16–17, 27, 31, 36, 38, 53–54, 71, 89–91, 105, 117–18, 130, 155–56, 170, 177, 182, 186, 199, 221, 231
Aubrey, William, 301
Avilés, Pedro Menéndez de, 16
Azevedo, Diego de, 49
Azores, 16, 122, 164–65, 167–68, 182, 213–16, 226, 233, 263–65, 267–69, 281, 285, 301
Babu, Sultan of Ternate, 139–40, 142n
Baden-Powell, F., 319
Baffin Island, 93
Baker, Matthew, 231
Baker, Thomas, 8
Banda Sea, 143
Banggai Archipelago, 141
Banister, John, 169
Bann River, Ireland, 81
Banning, Andrew, 205
Banning, Paul, 205, 216, 291
Barker, Andrew, 77
Barnes, George, 169
Barnstaple, 4–5, 299
Baron, George, 293, 295
Baron, James, 243, 244n
Barrett, Richard, 205
Barrett, Robert, 23, 26, 30–31, 34, 37
Barton, George, 182
Baskerville, Sir Thomas, 303, 305, 309, 311–12, 314–15
Bassett, Sir Arthur, 161–62, 286
Bassett, Robert, 286
Bastimentos Islands, 50, 58
Bath, William Bourchier, Earl of, 286, 293, 298
Batjan, 154
Bayly, Thomas, 178
Bayona, 180–81, 281
Beale, Robert, 172
Bedale, Yorkshire, 161
Bedford, Francis Russell, 2nd Earl of, 3, 86, 161, 171–73, 178
Bedford, John Russell, 1st Earl of, 2–3, 5
Beeston, Sir George, 247
Belem, Portugal, 276–77, 279
Belfast Lough, Ireland, 81
Belixe, Bay of, 212
Bell, Douglas, 318
Bellingham, Henry, 205–6, 210
Benin, 17
Bennett, Thomas, 29
Bergen, 266
Bermudez, Pedro, 180–81
Berrio, Hernando, 74–75
Berry Head, 245
Bevill, Sir William, 293n
Bigges, Walter, 200
Bilbao, Bay of, 177
Bingham, Sir Richard, 165, 262
Biobio River, Chile, 119
Biscay, 267, 271
Biscay, Bay of, 269
Blackwater River, Ireland, 81
Blasket Sound, 262
Blitheman, John, 147, 292, 295
Blount, Catherine, 287
Blount, Sir Charles, 257, 287
Blundeville, Thomas, 155
Bodenham, Jonas, 43, 164, 169, 224, 288–90, 306, 313–14, 316–17
Bodman, John, 43
Bodman, Zachary, 43
Boehm, Joseph Edgar, 319–20
Boleyn, Anne, 4, 174
Bolinas Bay, 134
Bolivia, 12, 46
Bolton, Herbert, 134
Bolton, Robert, 20
Bolton, Thomas, 23
Bontemps, Jean, 20–21, 30
Boringdon, 162
Borburata, 19–21, 27, 30
Borman, Simon, 205
Borough, Sir William, 205–6, 208–12, 215, 217, 221, 226, 231, 233n
Borsany, Scipio, 301
Bossiney, 172–73, 294
Bossington, 174, 316
Botello, Diego, 268, 270
Boucher, Henry, 296
Boulogne, 39
Bourne, Lucas, 317
Bourne, William, 92, 100
Braganza, Duke of, 235
Bravo, Alonso, 192, 194–95
Bravo, Elvira, 195
Brazil, 17, 20, 72, 91, 103, 105–6, 117n, 146, 156, 170, 181, 201, 269
Brest, 302
Brett, Lyne, 298
Brewer, John, 104, 110, 116, 147, 165
Brewer, Tom, 119–20
Brewerton, Thomas, 162
Bridges, Ursula, 174
Bridgwater, 174
Brielle, 71, 266
Briggs, G. W., 324
Bright, Edward, 102–4, 109–10, 116, 143
Bristol, 16, 166
Bristol, Convention of, 79
Britanny, 19
Brixton, Devon, 162
Brixton, Barton, 162
Bromley, Henry, 294
Broughton, Richard, 296
Brown, Brutus, 309
Brown, John, 29
Bruges, 252
Brussels, 41
Buckland Abbey, 159–60, 162, 174, 174n, 175, 179, 282, 288, 290, 297, 300, 302, 306, 314, 316, 322
Buckland Monachorum, 160
Buckland Newton, 161
Buena Ventura, 313, 314
Bull, Richard, 231
Burghley, William Cecil, Lord, 23–24, 37, 39–42, 84, 93, 95–96, 105, 110, 112, 147, 149, 150, 161, 167–68, 171, 178, 199–200, 217, 220, 225, 229, 264–65, 268, 282, 292, 296–97, 301
Bustamante, Francisco de, 32
Busto, Pedro Fernandez de, 192–93, 197
Butler, John, 94
Buttber, Hans, 242n
Caballos, Diego de, 50
Cabo de la Vela, 51
Cabot, John, 16, 91
Cabrillo, Juan Rodriguez, 133, 136
Cacheo River, 26
Cadiz, 208–12, 214, 216, 218, 231, 240, 253, 278, 307, 317
Caesar, Sir Julius, 172, 278, 288, 301
Calais, 39, 252–56, 258–59
Caldeira, William, 134
Calderon, Diego, 74–75
Calderon, Pedro Coco, 247
California, 90–91, 118, 133–38
Callao, 124–26
Calvinism, 10, 203
Camden, William, 3, 156
Camelford, 171
Campeachy, 315
Campos River, 72–75
Canary Islands, 56, 58, 182, 191, 307–8
Cape Blanco, 25–26
Cape Horn, 90, 118, 132
Cape of Good Hope, 12, 143
Cape of Virgins, 115
Cape Roca, 276
Cape Roxo, 26
Cape St. Vincent, 211–14, 216–17
Cape San Bias, 62
Cape San Francisco, 127
Cape Verde, 20, 25–26, 31
Cape Verue Islands, 16, 20, 26, 103, 145, 164, 170, 177, 182–86
Capern, Edward, 319
Capirilla Pass, 311–12
Carder, Peter, 117–18n
Carew, George, 286, 293
Carew, Sir Peter, 82
Carew, Richard, 160n, 286, 293, 296–97, 300, 305
Carey, George, 293–94, 297
Carey, Sir George, 249
Caribbean, 12–13, 16–19, 83, 91, 96, 120, 130, 150, 170, 317, 320; Drake’s voyages to the, 20–23, 27–37, 44–77, 177–201, 303–14
Carleill, Christopher, 169, 179–84, 188, 193–94, 262
Carlos, Don, 11
Carolinian Archipelago, 138
Carrickfergus, 84, 86–87
Cartagena (Spain), 211
Cartagena (Colombia), 12–13, 31, 46, 49–51, 59–60, 63–64, 70, 76, 170, 177, 181, 200, 309–10; Drake’s sack of, 191–97
Carvajal, Francisco de, 192
Cascais, 164, 276–80, 282
Castaneda, Juan de, 192, 194
Castellanos, Juan de, 200, 315
Castellanos, Miguel de, 18–19, 21–22, 28–30
Castile, 12, 121,166, 168,182, 248
Castillo, Antonio de, 152
Cateau-Cabresis, peace of, 16
Cathay (China), 91, 93
Catherine de Medici, 71–72, 167
Catholic League, 176, 254, 285, 291, 301
Catholicism, 4, 6–7, 10–11, 40, 95, 98, 147, 203, 213, 218
Cativas Headland, 49–51, 55, 63, 71, 76
Cavendish, Thomas, 116, 155–57
Cawsand Bay, 296
Cecil, Sir Robert, 287, 291, 302
Cecil, Sir Thomas, 161
Cecil, William. See Burghley
Celebes, 141
Celebes Sea, 138, 141–42, 156
Cely, Thomas, 223, 245n, 254, 296
Ceralba, Juan de Padilla, Marquis of, 271
Chagres River, 46, 48–51, 66–71, 196, 304, 311
Champernowne, Arthur, 293
Champernowne, Sir Arthur, 45, 82–83, 95, 171, 286–87
Champernowne, Gawen, 287, 293
Champernowne, John, 287
Champernowne, Richard, 287
Chancellor, Richard, 91, 139
Chandos, John, Lord, 174
Channel Islands, 302
Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, 6
Charles IX of France, 71–72
Chester, John, 99, 104–6
Chile, 46, 90, 93, 97, 101, 116–20, 123–25, 132, 156
Chilton, John, 94
China, 91, 93, 131
Chule, 125
Church Bay, 84, 87
Church of England, 7
Churchill, Sir Winston, 322
Cimarrones, 47, 55, 61–63, 65–70, 72–77, 86, 94, 107, 177
Ciria, Juan de, 50
Clandeboy, 80
Clare Island, 262
Clement VI, Pope, 137
Cliffe, Edward, 105n, 106, 111n, 116–18
Clifford, E. T., 323
Clifford, Sir Nicholas, 303, 309
Cockington, 297
Coke, William, 100
Coker, 174
Colchero, Alonso Sanchez, 129–30
Coligny, Gaspard de, 71–72, 84
Collins, William, 37
Colo Island, 142n
Cologne, 41, 270
Colombia, 73, 191
Columbus, Christopher, 12, 107, 155
Combe Sydenham, 174–75, 316
Compton Gifford, 162
Conabut, Juan Enriquez, 312
Concepción, 119
Condi, Prince of, 10
Conga, Sierra Leone, 26–27
Conisby, Sir Thomas, 296
Connaught, 262
Constantinople, 96, 284
Contreras, Francisco Manso de, 310
Cook, James, 321
Cooke, John, 103–4, 108n, 111n, 113, 116, 118, 133n
Coquimbo, 124
Corbett, Sir Julian, 112, 142, 318–21
Cordell, Thomas, 205, 216, 223
Cordova, Philip de, 257
Cornwall, 5, 37, 225, 271, 292–94, 296–97, 304
Coronel, Pedro Suarez, 308
Corsini, Philip, 301
Cortes, Martin, 92, 100
Corunna, 89, 230–31, 262, 267, 269, 280–81, 284; Drake’s sack of, 271–75
Costilla, Hernando, 22
Counter-Reformation, 7, 10–11, 95
Courtenay, Sir William, 173, 286–87, 297, 316
‘Crab Island,’ 141, 142n
Crediton, 5
Creese, William, 295
Crimes, William, 295
Cristobal, Dom, 264, 284
Crosse, Robert, 178, 181, 211, 224, 234, 270, 280
Crouch, Nathaniel, 322
Crowndale, 1–2
Crownhill Widey, 295
Cuba, 12, 31, 197, 301
Cumberland, George Clifford, Earl of, 253, 257, 301
Curaçao, 20, 28
Cuttle, Thomas, 104, 107, 113
Daca, Diego, 195
Dalton, James, 296
Damma, 143, 154
Darien, 47–48, 55, 61, 68n, 77, 87, 93, 196
Darrell, Marmaduke, 269
Dartmoor, 1, 5, 317
Dartmouth, 1, 83, 286, 291, 300–302
Davies, John, 300–301
Davis, John, 156–57, 173
Dawlish, Peter, 318
Dee, John, 91, 139, 318
Dekker, Thomas, 298
Delgadillo, Antonio, 33–34
Dengen, 85
Denham Bridge, 287
Denmark, 283
Dennis, Richard, 48
Denys, Sir Thomas, 293n, 296
Deptford, 16, 151
Devon, 1–6, 8, 225, 271, 285, 292–93, 296–97. See also Plymouth
Devonshire, Earl of, 162
Diaz, Balthasar, 50
Diaz Bravo, Bernito, 126–27
Diego, 61–63, 100, 141
Digges, Thomas, 171
Djerba, 11
Doge of Venice, 300
Dominica, 27, 54, 177
Donegal Bay, 262
Donnithorne, Betty, 323
Dorset, 271
Doughty, John, 100, 104, 107, 113, 152–53
Doughty, Thomas, 87, 95, 100–13, 115–17, 127, 143, 145, 152–53, 185, 206, 211, 221
Dourado, Fernao Vaz, 101
Dover, 135, 171, 206, 243n, 254, 261, 268, 280–81
Dover, Straits of, 225, 227
Dowgate Street, London, 290
Drake, Alice, 63
Drake, Anna, 2
Drake, Sir Bernard, 158, 162
Drake, Edmund (father), 2–9
Drake, Edward (brother), 8
Drake, Elizabeth Sydenham, 2nd Lady, 173–75, 179, 245n, 287–88, 306, 316–18
Drake, Sir Francis, parentage, 1–2; birth, 2–3; patrons and backers, 3, 9, 44, 48, 53, 82, 86, 94–96, 146–47, 165–66, 169, 171, 178–79, 199, 205–6, 265–66, 290, 303, 305; flight to Kent, 3–6; Protestantism, 5–7, 19–20, 100, 121–23, 129, 142, 171, 206, 214, 306; employed in coastal trade, 8–9; financial position, 8–9, 44, 52, 73, 94, 98–99, 148–50, 162–63, 170, 173, 199, 217, 283, 288, 295–97, 305; as seaman and navigator, 9, 92, 94, 100–101, 103, 105, 115–16, 122, 138, 141, 143, 155–56, 320; in Hawkins’s voyages (1566–69), 9, 19–38; character, 11, 44, 58, 60, 64, 109, 112–13, 118, 120–21, 128, 130, 150–51, 169, 184–86, 189, 197, 199, 206, 214, 231, 277, 280, 288, 291–92, 302, 304, 315, 320; grievances against Spain, 20–21, 37–38, 42, 123; first command, 26, 28–29; attitude toward and relations with blacks and native peoples, 26, 61–62, 106–8, 119–20, 127, 135–38, 141, 189–91, 195, 198, 312; escapes from San Juan d’Ulua, 35–37; declares war on Spain, 38–39, 41–42; marries Mary Newman, 43–44; properties, 44, 102, 150, 159–63, 160n, 288–91, 295–97, 305–6, 313–14; raids of 1570 and 1571, 44–53; appearance, 44, 121–22, 189, 302; military qualities, 44–45, 74, 77, 113, 212, 282, 306–7, 319–20; legality of operations, 44–45, 98, 103, 109–10, 123, 177; relative humanity, 49–50, 69–70, 86, 106–7, 120, 122–23, 189, 195, 287, 3l5; inspires imitators, 52, 77, 146, 156, 200, 216, 315, 320–24; raid of 1572–73, 54–78; autobiographical works, 54n, 111n, 133n, 154–55, 239, 239n, 290; surprises Nombre de Dios, 55–58; leadership, 57, 112–13, 120–21, 184–86, 211, 304, 320; attacks treasure trains, 66–76; first sees the Pacific, 67; service in Ireland, 82–87; plans voyage to the Pacific, 87–88, 94–103; aims of circumnavigation, 96–98, 105, 116–17; relations with Queen Elizabeth, 98, 146–52, 158, 161, 179–80, 203–4, 206, 216, 268–69, 275, 280, 282, 290, 304–5; love of music, 100, 121, 287, 300; voyage of circumnavigation, 101–44; conflict with Doughtys, 102–14, 152–53; class prejudice against, 112–14, 150–51, 158–59, 184, 199–200, 211; navigates Magellan’s Strait (1578), 115–16; discovers passage about Cape Horn and claims Elizabeth Islands, 116–18; and health of seamen, 118, 144, 155, 155n, 156, 186, 197, 200, 214–15, 260, 274–77, 279–83, 291, 313–14, 320; paints, 122; interest in natural history, 122, 154; raids Pacific coast, 123–30; captures treasure ship, 126–28; use of cruelty, 127, 129, 189–90; search for Northwest Passage, 130–33, in California (1579), 133–38; crosses the Pacific, 138–39; Ternate trade agreement, 139–40; runs aground, 141–43; circumnavigates globe (1580), 143–44, 155–56; fate of plunder, 147–50, 152; becomes public hero, 150–54, 191, 200, 261, 290, 317–24; knighthood, 150–51; portraits, 153–54, 159, 290, 290n; geographical and historical significance of circumnavigation, 154–57; coat of arms, 158–59; mayor of Plymouth (1581), 163, 296; lack of children, 163–64, 288; Terceira expedition, 164–69; eastern voyage, 169–70; public services, 170–71; Member of Parliament, 171–73, 286, 290–91; marries Elizabeth Sydenham, 173–75; expedition of 1585–86, 177–201; weaknesses in organization, 180, 268–69, 273, 281, 305, 307, 320; raids Spanish coast (1585), 180–82; attacks Cape Verdes, 182–86; conflict with Knollys, 184–86, 190, 200; sacks Santo Domingo and Cartagena, 186–97; raid on Florida, 198; evacuates Roanoke colony (1586), 198–99; effects of West Indian voyage, 199–202; visits Holland, 204–5; campaign of 1587, 205–17; conflict with Borough, 208–12, 215, 217, 226; Cadiz raid, 208–11; operations off Cape St. Vincent, 211–14; captures great carrack, 214–17; effects of 1587 campaign, 211, 213–14, 216–17; plans to forestall Armada and consolidate English fleet, 203, 205, 220, 223–31; relations with Lord Admiral, 221–22, 227–29, 239, 261; game of bowls, 235, 237, 322; engages Armada off Plymouth (1588), 237–41; tactics against Armada, 238–41, 245–51, 246n, 254, 256, 259; captures Rosario, 241–46, 317, 321; launches counterattack at Portland Bill, 246–48; engages Armada rearguard, 248–49; drives Armada beyond Isle of Wight, 250–51; fireship attack, 253–55; leads English fleet into battle of Gravelines, 255–58; assists sick and disabled sailors, 260, 291; Portugal expedition (1589), 263–84; faulty strategy of expedition, 263–65, 267–69, 275, 281–82; sacks Corunna, 271–75; attacks Lisbon, 275–81; failing powers, 278–79, 282, 307, 309–11; raids Spanish coast (1589), 281; Deputy Lord Lieutenant, 286; problems over inheritance, 288–90, 306–7, 313–14, 316–17; fortifies Plymouth, 291–94; and Plymouth’s water supply, 294–96; local disputes, 296–97; magistrate, 297–99; prize court commissioner, 300–302; expedition of 1595–96, 303–15; raid on the Canaries, 307–8; repulsed at Puerto Rico, 308–9; destroys towns on Spanish Main, 310–11; attacks Isthmus of Panama, 310–12; death, 313–14; importance in history, 319–21; a symbol of endeavour, 322–24; Drake’s drum, 322–23; Drake’s prayer, 324
Drake, Francis (nephew), 2, 54n, 111n, 288
Drake, Francis (godson), 288–89, 313
Drake, John (brother), 53n, 54, 56–57, 60–64
Drake, John (cousin), 5, 43, 83, 100, 118, 121–22, 127, 129, 133, 138, 140n, 150, 163, 169–70
Drake, John (grandfather), 1–2, 5
Drake, John (uncle), 2, 5
Drake, Joseph (brother), 64–65
Drake, Margery (grandmother), 1, 2, 5
Drake, Mary Newman, 1st Lady, 43–44, 53, 101, 103, 112, 146–47, 160, 163–64, 173, 195, 314, 318
Drake, Richard, 162, 245n, 288, 317
Drake, Robert (uncle), 5
Drake, Thomas (brother), 2–3, 8, 43–44, 100, 103, 162, 178, 244n, 268, 288–89, 295, 303, 306, 313–14, 316–17
Drake’s Bay (California), 133–35, 138
Drake’s Estero, 133, 135
Drake’s Reservoir, 295
Drapers’ Company, 290
Drewry, Sir Drew, 173
Dublin, 80, 83, 86
Ducket, Sir Lionel, 18, 23
Dunkirk, 219, 252, 254
Dunnose Head, 250
Durham, 237
Dymock, Sir Edward, 172
East India Company, 172
East Indies, 12, 89, 91, 101, 117, 132, 146, 154, 157, 164, 166, 168–70, 205, 216, 269, 320
Ecuador, 156
Eddystone rocks, 238
Eden, Richard, 91, 100
Edgecumbe, Peter, 173, 300
Edgecumbe, Piers, 286, 293–94, 296
Edgecumbe, Richard, 286
Edmonds, Thomas, 160, 163
Edward VI of England, 3, 5–6, 17
Eggbuckland, 295
El Burgo, 274
El Cabron Bay, 309
El Coro, 21
Elford, Elizabeth, 288
Elford, Walter, 295
Eliot, Lawrence, 100, 154
Elizabeth I of England, 6, 10, 60n, 110, 118, 134, 140, 170, 172, 214, 216, 230, 266, 318, 321; accedes to throne, 7; early relations with Spain, 17, 20, 39–42, 79, 97–98, 137, 145–49, 151–52, 164–68, 176–77, 200–201, 203–4; supports Hawkins, 18, 23–24; and Ireland, 80–81, 85–87; backs Drake’s voyage to the Pacific, 94, 96–98, 110; and Walsingham, 95–96; and Hatton, 95; and Leicester, 96; relations with Drake, 98, 146–52, 158, 161, 179–80, 203–4, 206, 216, 268–69, 275, 280, 282, 290, 304–5; and Alençon, 147, 149, 167, 176; financial problems, 149–50, 204, 265–66; and Sidney, 179–80; insufficient support of navy, 199, 224–25, 214, 229, 260–62, 265–66, 268–69, 275, 320; and Armada, 220–21, 224–28, 260–62; and Portugal expedition, 264–70, 275, 278, 280, 282–83; and Drake’s last voyage, 304–6; end of the war, 316
Elizabeth Islands, 118, 138n, 148, 155
Eltham; 150
Emden, 41
Emmanuel, Dom, 268
English Channel, 6, 8, 10, 16–17, 45, 79, 102, 144, 180, 201, 219, 221–23, 227, 229–30, 234, 268, 319; battles in (1588), 235–59
Enriquez, Martin, 32–35, 38–39, 121, 123, 130
Equator, 138, 155
Erisey, James, 160n, 178–79, 181
Escobar, Antonio de, 270, 284
Escorial (Philip II’s residence), 176, 191
Escudo Island, 312
Essex, Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of, 227, 267, 269–70, 275–77, 279–80, 303–5
Essex, Walter Devereux, 1st Earl of, 80–87, 94–95, 98, 109–10, 303
Estrada, Joana de, 49
Estrade, Pedro, 257
Exeter, 1, 5, 48, 286, 299
Falmouth, 102, 229, 275, 300
Farina, Bartolomeo, 59
Faro, 122
Farallon Islands, 138
Fenner, George, 233, 247
Fenner, Thomas, 178, 190, 196, 205–6, 210–13, 216, 224, 227–28, 234, 256, 267, 273n, 281
Fenton, Edward, 133, 157, 165, 169–70, 233, 247
Ferdinand of Tirol, Archduke, 153
Fez, 264, 267, 284
Finisterre, 24
Fisher, John, 243, 245
Fisher, Bishop St. John, 174
Fitz, John, 174, 296
Fitzford, 174
FitzGeffrey, Charles, 173–74, 315
Fitzwilliam, George, 24, 29n
Fitzwilliam, Sir William, 262
Flanders, 72, 219
Fleming, Thomas, 234–35
Fletcher, Francis, 100, 104, 106, 109, 111n, 113, 116, 118–20, 133, 135, 142–43
Flick, Robert, 205, 209, 223, 246
Flood, Tom, 119–20
Florence, 200, 301
Florencia, Duke of, 248
Florida, 13, 31, 52, 122, 198
Flushing, 71, 179, 258, 266
Fort Diego, 63–64
Fortescue, George, 178, 197
Forth, Firth of, 98, 260
Fotheringay Castle, 203
Fowler, Thomas, 29n
Foxcroft, Samuel, 209
Foxe, John, 7, 100, 121
France, 1, 6, 8, 10, 84, 95–96, 179–80, 264, 268; relations with Spain, 11, 13, 17, 20–21, 48, 122, 147, 164–68, 176, 252–56; relations with England, 17, 39–40, 79–80, 95–96, 146–147, 151, 153, 164–68, 176, 203–4, 252–56. See also Catholic League
Francis II of France, 39–40
Francisca River, 72, 74–76
Frankfurt, 41
French, Dr., 288
Frias Trejo, Diego de, 126
Friederich, Andreas, 319
Frobisher, Sir Martin, 91, 93, 139, 165, 169, 179, 182, 192, 221–22, 228, 239–40, 242n, 245–47, 249–51, 256, 261, 302
Fugger banking house, 270
Galicia, 267, 271
Gama, Estaban Ferreira de, 284
Gama, Vasco de, 107, 122, 155
Gamboa, Pedro Sarmiento de, 126, 132, 156
Garrard, Sir William, 23
Garraway, William, 205, 216
Garrett, John, 23, 52, 55
Gayhurst, 161
Genoa, 13, 166, 210
Gent, Thomas, 295
Germany, 10, 13, 201
Germin, Sir Robert, 173
Gheerarts, Marc, the younger, 290
Giambelli, Federigo, 255
Giant’s Causeway, 262
Gibraltar, 211–12
Gibraltar, Straits of, 264
Gilbert, Sir Humphrey, 80, 91, 118, 139, 155–56, 173, 286
Gilbert, Sir John, 216, 286, 293, 297–98, 300
Gillingham, 6, 8n
Gilman, Edward, 162–63, 179
Gilman, Florence, 162–63
Glandfield, Master, 298–99
Glandfield, Ulalia, 298–99
Goddard, Anthony, 29n
Godolphin, Sir Francis, 293n, 296
Gomera, 25
Gonson, Benjamin, 18
Gonzales, Martin, 192, 194, 197
Gorges, Sir Fernando, 293
Gorges, Tristram, 245n
Gower, George, 174n
Granada (Lake Nicaragua), 312
Grand Canary, 307, 309
Grant, John, 196
Grave, 265
Gravelines, Battle of, 242n, 255–60, 272
Gray, John, 224
Greenfield, Sir Richard, 173
Greenwich, 150
Gregory, Captain, 105–6, 165
Gregory XIII, Pope, 122, 147
Grenville, Mary, 160
Grenville, Sir Richard, 80, 92–93, 95, 97, 107, 139, 159–61, 198–99, 201n, 296
Grenville family, 159
Greville, Sir Fulke, 179–80
Grey, Lady Jane, 96
Grice, William, 172
Guadeloupe, 54, 308
Guatulco, 121, 130–32, 141
Guinea Coast (Africa), 20, 26–27, 40
Guipuzcoa, 267, 271
Guise, Duke of, 176
Guise family, 10, 147
Guzmán, Pedro Tello de, 307–9
Hakluyt, Richard, 133n, 154–55, 171, 206n
Halton, 173
Hamburg, 41
Hamed, Muley, 264
Hampshire, 323
Hampton, James, 20
Hampton, Thomas, 23
Hampton Court, 150
Hanse, 23, 280, 283
Harris, Christopher, 148, 160, 286, 293–97, 300, 306, 316
Hart, John, 301
Harte, John, 3
Harvey, Erasmus, 300–301
Harwich, 261
Hatton, Sir Christopher, 95, 110, 115, 146–47, 169, 173
Havana, 12–13, 177, 181, 191, 197
Hawkins, Sir John, 3, 9, 16, 40, 45, 53, 82–83, 95–96, 99, 170, 178, 208, 216–17, 221, 260, 292n, 296; employs Drake, 9, 19; slaving voyages, 17–38, 40, 52; as a backer of Drake’s voyages, 44, 53, 82, 95–96, 165–67, 170; and Armada campaign, 228, 231–32, 239–40, 247, 250–51, 256, 260; proposes permanent blockade, 285; and ‘Chatham Chest’, 291; character, 304; last voyage, 303–8; death, 308
Hawkins, Paul, 25, 36
Hawkins, Richard, 116, 156, 178–79, 247
Hawkins, William, 17, 156
Hawkins, William, the younger, 9, 17, 39, 41–42, 53, 110, 162, 167, 170, 178, 179, 182, 224
Hawkins family, 3, 43, 162
Hawkyn, Stephen, 43
Hawkyng, John, 3
Hayman, Nicholas, 163
Hayman, Robert, 163
Hayna River, 187 and 187n
Hele, John, 160, 162, 286, 293, 295
Hele, Mary, 162
Hen, Diego, 29n
Hender, John, 173
Henderson Island, 118
Henry of Portugal, 164
Henry III of France, 147, 153, 164–65, 167
Henry VIII of England, 1, 4–6, 16, 39, 80, 174, 204, 319
Henry of Navarre, 176
Henty, G. A., 318
Herbert, Sir William, 173
Hernandez, Gaspar, 45n
Hero River, 274
Heyward, Rowland, 23
Higham, Sir John, 172
Hilliard, Nicholas, 2, 153
Hispaniola (La Española), 12, 22, 186, 191
Hixom, Ellis, 66
Hobbes, William, 300
Holinshed, Raphael, 154
Holmeden, Edward, 205
Holstocke, William, 171
Hondius, Jodocus, 154
Honduras, 59, 205, 315
Honduras, Bay of, 312
Hope Cove (Salcombe), 287
Hopkin, John, 100
Horseley, Gilbert, 77
Hortop, Job, 26, 28, 35
Howard, Thomas, Lord, 228, 247, 251
Howard of Effingham, Charles, Lord, 178, 205–6, 220–35, 237–42, 244n, 245–56, 258, 260–61, 291, 305, 321
Howes, Edmund, 2, 80, 83, 149, 156
Hudson Strait, 93
Hughes, George, 244, 244n
Huguenots, 17, 41, 45, 71–72, 79, 84, 95, 122, 147–48, 176, 200n, 204
Hunt, Robert, 323
Idiaquez, Juan de, 201
Imperial, 119
Indian Archipelago, 141–43
Indian Ocean, 12, 101, 139, 141, 143, 156, 214
Indians, North American, 133, 135–38, 198, 201n
Indians, South and Central American, 13, 16, 26, 37, 47, 62, 64, 105–8, 117n, 119–20, 125, 130, 170, 187, 192–95
Ingram, David, 117n
Inquisition, 11, 20, 37, 79, 170
Ireland, 17, 40, 79–87, 95, 112, 147–48, 152, 165, 167, 179–80, 222, 262, 265, 289, 304
Isla de Pinos, 55, 59, 62
Islay and Kintyre, Lord of, 81
Italy, 10, 201, 205, 211
Jacome, Francisco, 127, 129
Jamaica, 52
James I of England, 140, 203
Java, 143, 154
Jerez, 209
John of Austria, 97, 123
Johns, Thomas, 34
Johnson, Dr. Samuel, 322
Jonson, Ben, 298
Josias, Captain, 313
Juarez, Antonio, 56
Katherine of Aragon, 4, 6
Kayleway, Sir William, 174
Kempe, William, 296
Kenilworth, 290
Kent, Jean, 318
Kildare, 80
Kingstone, 298
Kintyre, 81
Knightley, Sir Richard, 172
Knollys, Francis, 178, 184–86, 190, 200, 206, 211, 221
La Rancheria, 310
La Rochelle, 19, 271
La Serena, 119, 124
Ladrones, 138
Lagos, 212, 214
Lampden, Robert, 295
Lancaster, James, 223
Lane, Ralph, 198–99, 280
Langisforde, Roger, 3
Langsford, George, 306
Langsford, Roger, 306
Lanteglos, 171
Lapland, 17
Larder, Lewis, 52
Las Casas, Bartolome de, 137
Las Palmas, 307–8
Laughton, John Knox, 317, 319
Laurens, Jacques, 74
Lautaro, 119
Le Havre, 72
Le Maire, 155
Le Testu, Guillaume, 71–77
L’Ecluse, Charles de, 154
Lee, Hugh, 205
Leeward Islands, 186
Leicester, Robert Dudley, Earl of, 18, 81, 95–97, 110, 147–48, 150, 162, 165–66, 169–70, 178–79, 184, 201, 203, 220, 227, 263, 265, 290
Leiva, Alonso Martinez de, 237, 240, 248–50, 262, 265
Lennox, Duke of, 316
Lepanto, Battle of, 11, 165, 213
Leu, Thomas de, 153–54
Levant Trading Company, 149, 195, 205
Lewisham, 174
Lewkenor, Edward, 172
Lezo, Lope Ruiz de, 50
Liberia, 27
Lichfield, Nicholas, 154
Lima (Peru), 12, 67, 94, 124–26, 128, 170
Lincoln, Edward Clinton, Earl of, 95, 147, 169, 221
Lisbon, 19–20, 101, 146, 164, 177, 205, 211, 213–14, 218, 227, 230–31, 263, 265, 267, 271, 284, 305; Drake’s attack on, 275–80
Liskeard, 173
Little Stainton, 161
Lizard, 230, 234, 237
Lodge, Sir Thomas, 18
Lok, Michael, 93, 139
London, Treaty of (1604), 316
London Bridge, 261
Lope de Vega, 315
Lopez, Rodrigo, 270
Lopwell, 159, 287
Lough Neagh, 81
Lough Sidney, 81
Louth (Ireland), 80
Lovell, John, 20–23, 27–28, 30, 37–38, 53, 67
Lovett, Richard, 318
Low Countries, 6, 8, 40, 92, 201, 263, 265–66, 268. See also Netherlands
Loyasa, Garcia de, 89–90, 116
Luccombe, 174
Luna, Juan de, 272
Lutheranism, 4, 19, 25, 34, 123, 170, 190
Luxan, Don Francisco de, 33–34
Luxmore, Anna, 5
Lyly, John, 150
Lymberry, Thomas, 298
Maas River, 176
McAllister, Alexander Ogg, 85
MacDonnell, Sorley Boy, 81–82, 86
MacDonnell family, 81, 86
Madeira, 167
Madox, Richard, 169
Madrid, 41, 214, 217
Magellan, Ferdinand, 89, 94, 100, 105, 107, 116, 132, 138, 156
Magellan, Strait of, 89–94, 96–97, 100–102, 106–8, 114–18, 131–32, 141n, 146, 154–56, 164, 170, 178
Mahan, A. T., 319
Maio, Isle of, 20
Makassar Strait, 141
Malacca Strait, 143
Mandinga, Pedro, 48
Manners, Charles, 306
Manners, Lady Elizabeth, 287
Manners, Sir Thomas, 173
Mapowder, Anthony, 162
Maquiam, 139
Marcana, Martin de, 32
Marchant, John, 212, 215
Marchaumont, Monsieur de, 151
Margarita, 20, 27, 170, 177
Margate, 219, 260
Maria, 141
Marin County (California), 133–34
Markham, William, 169
Marquez, Pedro Menendez, 198
Marsh Mills, 296
Marshalsea Prison, 153
Martin, John, 180
Martyr, Peter, 155
Mary 1 of England, 6–7, 11, 38, 95, 203, 231
Mary, Queen of Scots, 39–40, 94–95, 144, 203
Mason, F. van Wyck, 318
Mason, Patrick, 153
Master, William, 3
Mauleon, Girault de, 254, 256
Mayhow, Catherine, 162
Mayhow, Jerome, 162
Maynarde, John, 161
Maynarde, Thomas, 304, 312–13
Maynarde, Walter, 161
Maynarde, William, 306
Maynooth, 85
Meath, 80
Meavy River, 294
Medina, Antonio Suarez de, 76
Medina, Juan Gomez de, 248–49
Medina, Pedro, 100
Medina Sidonia, Alonso Perez de Guzman el Bueno, Duke of, 209n, 210, 218–21, 227, 229–33, 235, 237–43, 246–62, 271, 281
Mediterranean, 11, 17, 40, 91, 100, 103, 113, 208, 211, 214, 231, 238
Medway River, 6, 8
Melgarejo, Juan, 188
Mendoza, Alvaro de, 60
Mendoza, Bernardino de, 146, 148–50, 152, 156, 164, 177
Mendoza, Martin de, 60
Mercator, Gerard, 90–91, 101
Mercator, Michael, 155
Mexico, 12, 32, 90, 93, 130, 181, 315
Mexico, Gulf of, 31, 33
Mexico City, 19
Micronesian peoples, 138
Middleburg (Flanders), 72, 204
Middleton, Thomas, 300, 302
Mildmay, Sir Walter, 172
Mill Lane (Plymouth), 295
Millbay, 162, 294
Millbrook, 298
Milner-White, Eric, 324
Mindanao, 138
Minivy, Richard, 124
Mirabel, Pedro Mexia, 197
Miwok Indians, 133–38
Mocha, Island of, 119–20, 122, 135
Modbury, 287
Mohun, Sir William, 173
Molucca Sea, 139
Moluccas, 89, 117, 138–41, 140n, 164, 201n
Mompox, 192
Moncada, Hugo de, 246, 250, 255–56, 265
Monk, Anthony, 162
Monksilver, 174, 175n
Monson, William, 234
Montalvo, Juan de, 195
Monte, Cristóbal, 76
Montgomery, Bernard, Viscount, 324
Moone, Thomas, 60, 99, 124, 178, 196–97
Moore, Sir William, 173
Moors, 11, 264, 284
More, Sir Thomas, 174
Morgan, Matthew, 179
Morgan, Michael, 19–20, 23, 25, 37
Morgan, Terence, 318
Morton on Swale, 161
Motir, 139
Mountjoy, Lord (Sir Christopher Blount), 80
Mountjoy, 5th Lord, 287
Mountjoy, 7th Lord, 287
Mount’s Bay, Cornwall, 37
Moura, Cristóbal de, 201
Mousehole, 304
Mulapatia Reef, 142
Munster, 147
Muscovy Company, 169
Mylwaye, Richard, 8
Mylwaye family, 2
Naarden, 122
Navy Board, 224
Nelson, Horatio, 211, 225, 231, 240, 319, 321
Netherlands, 10–12, 16–17, 40–41, 45, 71, 79, 93, 97, 123, 147, 166, 176–77, 201–3, 224, 234, 263–66, 285. See also Low Countries
Neville, Edmund, 291
Neville, Sir Henry, 173
New Granada, 13, 191, 200
New Spain, 12–13, 38, 121, 123
Newbolt, Sir Henry, 322–23
Newfoundland, 16, 91, 118, 156–57, 163, 173, 199, 301
Newlyn, 304
Newman, Henry, 23
Newman, Margaret, 289
Newman, Mary. See Drake, Mary
Newman, Robert, 43
Newnham, 295
Nicaragua, 126, 129, 312–13
Nicaragua, Lake, 312
Nicholas des Isles, 48, 49n, 50
Nicholls (a justice), 283
Nicholls, Thomas, 234
Nichols, Philip, 54n, 132n, 155, 185, 212, 290, 322
Nicoya, 129
Nieuport, 252, 254, 258
Noble, John, 77
Nombre de Dios, 12–13, 46–53, 60–62, 65–67, 70, 72–77, 100, 125, 177, 181, 278, 306; Drake’s capture of (1572), 55–59; Drake’s capture of (1595), 310–12
Nonesuch Palace, 150
Norfolk, 260
Norris, Sir Edward, 274, 282
Norris, Sir John, 84–85, 167, 220, 245n, 265–69, 271–84
North America, 72, 91, 133, 136
North Carolina, 198
North Foreland, 260
North Sea, 8, 10, 254, 258
Northwest Passage, 90–91, 130–33, 135, 155, 170, 320
Northumberland, Earl of, 253, 267
Nova Albion (California), 118, 133–38, 141, 148, 155
Nova Scotia, 16
Nunez de la Cerde, Gonzalo, 51
Offenburg, 319
Oldys, William, 235
Oliver (sailor), 108, 112
Oliver, Isaac, 297
O’Neill, Turlough, 81
O’Neills of Tyrone, 80–81
Oporto, 164
Oppenheim, Michael, 319
Oquendo, Miquel de, 233, 241, 248, 258, 262, 265
Oregon, 91, 133
O’Reilly of Cavan, 80
Oribe Salazar, Tristan de, 195
Orinoco River, 305
Orlando, William, 29n, 37
Ortelius, Abraham, 90–91, 101
Ostend, 219, 258, 266
Otheman, Robert, 204
Otmore, Lewis, 169
Ottoman Porte, 11, 195
Oughtred, Henry, 169
Ovalle, Cristóbal de, 187–88
Owen, Evan, 244n
Owers Banks, 249, 251
Oxenham, John, 56–57, 67–68, 71, 73, 76–77, 92–94, 120, 128
Pacific Ocean, 46, 67, 68n, 77, 89–94, 100–101, 105n, 116, 118–20, 122, 124, 126, 130–33, 138, 141, 155–56, 181, 307, 320
Padilla, Juan de, 271
Page, Master, 298–99
Page, William, 238
Paita, 126
Palau, 138
Palavicino, Sir Horatio, 245n, 253
‘Pale, the’, 80, 84
Palma, Isle of, 182
Palmer, Edward, 261n
Palmer, Sir Henry, 254, 301
Palmer, Robert, 298
Panama, 12–13, 46–48, 50–51, 55–56, 58n, 59, 61–62, 66–69, 72, 76–77, 93–94, 120, 125–26, 177, 181, 196–97, 303n, 304–5, 307, 309–13, 320
Panama, Gulf of, 94
Paris Green (London), 172
Parker, Edmund, 162, 295
Parker, Louis Napoleon, 318
Parker, William, 315
Parma, Alexander Farnese, Prince of, 146, 176, 200–201, 219–20, 222–25, 237, 241–42, 248, 251–52, 254–55, 258–61, 265, 291
Pascual, Juan, 130
Passages, 211
Paulet, Sir Amyas, 217
Paz, Alonzo de, 50
Paz, Garcia de, 58
Peckham, George, 173
Pedro, 66–68, 73, 75–77
Peleng Island, 142
Pembroke, Earl of, 18
Peniche, 276–78, 280
Pensengnance manor, 160n, 305
Penzance, 304
Pepperall, Walter, 295, 300
Persian Gulf, 215
Peru, 12–13, 46, 50, 67, 89, 93–94, 98, 116–17, 119–20, 125–29, 132, 139, 150, 154, 170, 181, 191, 310
Peryam, John, 173
Peryam, William, 173
Peter Tavy, 3
Pett, Peter, 231
Peyton, Thomas, 297
Philip II of Spain, 18, 38, 46, 51, 62, 71–72, 77, 120–21, 123, 125, 128, 153, 175, 187, 190–91, 196, 272, 274, 281–84, 315, 321; marries Mary Tudor, 6; becomes King, 10; character, 10–11; relations with England, 17, 40, 79, 93–95, 97, 147–48, 167–68, 176–77, 216–17; and the Americas, 137, 156, 166, 200; anger at Drake’s raids, 145, 201; succeeds to throne of Portugal, 146, 151; fears Drake’s ambitions, 164; and finances, 166, 200; and Azores, 168, 265; at Escorial, 176; impounds English ships, 177, 180; and Armada, 201–2, 211, 216–20, 223, 230–31, 233, 237, 252, 254, 262; and Portugal, 263–64; use of spies, 270; renewed activity after Armada, 285; hears of Drake’s death, 316; prosecution of war against England, 316
Philippines, 89–90, 129, 138, 140n
Picardy, 6
Pike, Robert, 68
Pizarro, Francisco, 107
Plaines (French sailor), 26
Plat, Hugh, 155n
Plate River, 93, 105, 117n, 156, 170
Plott, Anthony, 163
Plumb, Hay, 318
Plym River, 162
Plymouth, 1, 5, 9, 17, 22, 24, 37, 39, 41, 43–45, 48, 52–53, 58–59, 77, 79, 94, 96, 99, 101–2, 144, 147–48, 151–52, 158–63, 165–66, 169, 173, 175, 178–79, 186, 195, 206, 216, 222–25, 227, 229–30, 234–35, 237–42, 266, 268–69, 273, 281–82, 284, 286, 290–98, 300, 302, 306, 319
Plymouth, Battle of, 239–40, 246n, 247–48, 259, 291
Plymouth Castle, 5, 292
Plymouth Hoe, 163, 235, 292–94, 320
Plymouth Sound, 5, 24, 54, 101, 144, 228, 237–38, 240, 286, 292, 294, 296
Plympton, 296
Plympton St. Mary, 161
Plymstock, 286
Point San Quentin, 134
Pole, William, 173
Polo, Diego, 49
Polo, Marco, 90
Polo, Martin, 194
Pomfrett, Samuel, 288, 289
Pontoons, 49
Porlock, 174
Port Pheasant, 52, 54–55
Port San Julian, 107, 108n, 113–14, 152, 186
Portland, 225
Portland Bill, Battle of, 239, 246–50, 259
Porto Praya, 183
Porto Reale (Cadiz), 209
Portsmouth, 16, 152, 199, 222
Portugal/Portuguese, 12–13, 17–18, 20, 23, 25–26, 52, 58, 89, 91–92, 101, 103–4, 114–15, 117, 122, 137, 139–40, 143, 145–46, 151–52, 164–68, 176, 182–83, 191, 201–2, 204, 211, 213–15, 225–27, 233, 263–64, 267–71, 275–79, 281–85, 305, 307, 321
Potosi, 12, 46, 125
Potter, John, 83–84
Powell, Anthony, 179, 188
Powell, Master, 298
Priddis, Robert, 298–99
Proenca, Sebastian de, 63
Protestantism, 3–4, 6–8, 10–11, 19, 40, 45, 95, 123, 130, 148, 237
Puerto Bello, 50, 310–11, 313–15
Puerto de Caballos, 205, 315
Puerto Rico, 181, 305, 307–9, 315
Pullison, Sir Thomas, 290–91
Puritanism, 7, 95, 98, 100, 171–72, 322
Puriton, 174
Quiroga, Rodrigo de, 124
Rabel, Jean, 153–54
Radcliffe, Thomas. See Sussex, Thomas Radcliffe, 3rd Earl of
Ralegh, Carew, 171
Ralegh, Sir Walter, 80, 157, 170, 173, 198, 223, 227, 283, 301, 305
Raphael, James, 63
Rathlin Island, 80–87
Rattenbury, Thomas, 313
Raunse, James, 20, 23, 52, 59
Ravano, Francisco, 60n
Realejo, 129n
Recalde, Juan Martinez de, 233, 237, 239–41, 249, 251, 255–56, 259, 262, 265, 271–72
Reformation, 4–6, 80, 95, 234, 319
Reynell, Carew, 293
Ribley, George, 37
Richmond Palace, 150
Rio de la Hacha, 13, 18, 20–23, 28–31, 64, 177, 310
Roanoke Island, 198, 199n, 201n
Roberts, Henry, 200
Roberts, Lewis, 149
Roborough Downs, 160
Rochester, 223
Rockbourne, 174
Roma, 143
Rotterdam, 204
Rouse, Anthony, 175, 293n, 297, 300, 306, 316
Rouse family, 173, 315
Route, The (Ireland), 81, 84
Royal Navy, 6, 16, 319, 323
Russell, Anne, Lady, 2
Russell, Francis. See Bedford, Francis Russell, 2nd Earl of
Russell, John. See Bedford, John Russell, 1st Earl of
Russell family, 1, 3
Russia, 91
Rutland, Earl of, 178, 287
Rye, 245n
Sabatini, Rafael, 318
Sadler, Robert, 205
Sagres, 212–13, 324
Sagres Castle, 212
St. Andrew’s church (Plymouth), 77, 164, 317
St. Augustine (Florida), 52, 198
St. Bartholomew’s Day massacre, 71
St. Bartholomew’s Island, 115
St. Budeaux church (Plymouth), 43–44, 164
St. George’s Island, 115
St. Julian’s (Portugal), 276–77, 279
St. Kitts, 186
St. Mary Bothaw church, 290
St. Mary’s Port (Cadiz), 209–10
St. Nicholas Islands, 5, 292–93
St. Philip Castle, 315
Salada Bay, 124
Salcombe, 287
Salconstall, Richard, 301
Salisbury, Margaret, Countess of, 291
Sallamca, 310
Saltash, 23, 37, 43, 148, 286, 298
Salvatierra (ship owner), 51
Sampford Courtenay, 5
Sampford Spiney, 162, 175, 288, 306, 313, 316–17
Samu Sea, 143
San Bernardo Islands, 60
San Bias, Gulf of, 63n, 77
San Francisco, 133
San Francisco Bay, 134–35
San Francisco Bridge (Cartagena), 193–94
San Juan (Florida), 198
San Juan (Puerto Rico), 12, 308–10
San Juan d’Ulua, 32–34, 36–39, 41–42, 53, 55, 86, 121, 123, 182, 205, 233, 240
San Juan River, 71
San Lorenzo, 125
San Lorenzo de Escorial, 176
San Lucar, 182, 209–10, 229, 242n, 307
San Quentin Cove, 134
San Sebastian, 262, 265, 267, 281
Sanders, John, 43
Sandwich, 281
Santa Barbara Channel, 136
Santa Barbara Church (Santo Domingo), 188
Santa Cruz, Alvaro de Bazan, 1st Marquis
of, 176, 181, 191, 201, 209–10, 213–14, 216, 218–19, 231, 265
Santa Cruz de Tenerife, 24–25
Santa Elena Castle, 308
Santá Fe de Bogotá, 13, 170, 191
Santa Marta, 31, 51, 59, 64, 177, 310
Santander, 262, 265, 267, 269, 271, 275, 280–81
Santiago (Cape Verdes), 20, 103, 182–86, 192
Santiago (Chile), 119, 123
Santo Domingo (Cape Verdes), 183
Santo Domingo (West Indies), 12–13, 18, 21, 28, 49, 51, 177, 181, 186–93, 195–96, 200, 211
São Miguel, 215
Sapi peoples, 27
Saracold, John, 100, 105
Savoy, Duke of, 200
Scarcies River, 27
Scheldt River, 255, 258
Schouten, Willem, 155
Scilly Islands, 222, 230–31, 234
Scotland, 17, 39–40, 82, 84–85, 96, 222, 262
Sea Beggars, 71
Segar (portrait painter), 290, 290n
Selsey Bill, 251
Selwood, Humphrey, 162
Selworthy, 174
Sergeant, Noah, 37
Setúbal, 164
Seven Sisters (Dover), 135
Seville, 12–13, 18, 32, 37, 57, 146, 148–49, 152, 177, 181, 191, 200, 209, 265, 315
Seymour, Edward, 297
Seymour, Sir Henry, 223, 227, 239–40, 242n, 251, 253–54, 256, 258, 261
Shakespeare, William, 321
Sheffield, Edmund, Lord, 228, 251
Shepstor, 295
Sherford manor, 161–62, 175, 288, 306
Sherwell, Thomas, 76, 94
Shinn, Beryle, 134, 137
Ships (including lighter vessels), Adventure, 303, 313; Advice, 260; Aid, 178, 182, 223, 232, 266; Angel, 23–24, 26, 28–29, 31, 35; Antelope, 254; Ark Royal, 227, 232, 245, 247, 250, 254–55; Bark Bond, 178; Bark Bonner, 178–79, 197–199; Bark Francis, 96, 178, 185, 196; Bark Hawkins, 178–79, 190; Bear, 245, 250; Bear (pinnace), 55, 71–72, 74–76; Begona, 305, 308; Benedict, 99; Benjamin, 179, 190; Christopher, 107; Cork, 83, 86; Defiance, 43, 233n, 289, 303, 306, 309, 313–14; Delight, 308, 313; Doncella, 258; Dragon, 44–45; Drake, 87; Drake, 206; Dreadnought, 205, 232, 247, 266, 281; Edward Bonaventure, 169, 205, 223; Elizabeth, 99, 103, 104n, 105n, 107, 111, 114, 116–18, 120, 124, 169; Elizabeth Bonaventure, 178–82, 186, 188, 205–6, 209, 232, 303, 324; Elizabeth Drake, 178, 206, 223; Elizabeth Jonas, 232, 247, 250; Falcon, 83, 86; Foresight, 232, 266, 303; Fortunate, 83, 86; Francis, 308; Galleon Leicester (formerly Galleon Oughtred), 166, 169, 178, 182, 184–85, 244n, 247; Galliot Duck, 178; Garland, 233n, 303, 307; George, 196; Girona, 262; Golden Hind, 234; Golden Hind (formerly Pelican), 96, 99n, 100, 102–4, 107, 109, 114–21, 123–30, 132–33, 135, 138–44, 147, 151–52, 168–69; Golden Lion, 205, 209–10, 212, 215, 217, 228, 232, 247, 250, 255; Gran Grifon, 249, 256; Gran Grin, 262; Gratia Dei, 26, 31, 33, 35; Gregory, 281; Griffin of Lubeck, 281; Hope, 178–79, 190, 223–24, 232, 303; Jesus of Lubeck, 18, 23–26, 31–36, 38; Judith, 23–24, 28–29, 31, 33, 35–36, 38, 42, 53; La Maria Juan, 256–58; La Regazona, 256; La Trinidad Valencera, 256; L’Esperance, 48; Lion, 55; Lymner, 83; Madre de Dios, 301–2; Magdalena, 309; Margaret and John, 242n, 243, 245; Marigold, 99, 107–8, 114, 116, 118, 120, 124, 143; Mary, 101–5, 107, 114; Mary Margery, 300; Mary Rose, 232, 245, 247; Mary Rose (Henry VIII’s warship), 159; Matthew, 170; Merchant Royal, 205, 209, 223, 246; Merhonour, 233n; Minion, 23, 25, 31–39, 42; Minion (pinnace), 55, 72, 75; Nao de Muriles, 126; Napolitana, 193–94; Nonpareil, 223–24, 232, 266; Nuestra Señora de Begona, 256; Nuestra Señora de la Concepción, 125–29, 149; Nuestra Señora del Rosario, 241, 242n, 243, 243n, 244, 244n, 245, 245n, 246, 246n, 249, 259, 317, 321; Nuestra Señora del Valle, 126; Ocasión, 192–94, 197; Pasco, 20, 53–54, 60–63, 74, 76; Paul, 20; Primrose, 166, 177, 179, 183n, 186; Rainbow, 205, 210; Rata Santa Maria Encoronada, 237, 240, 250, 256; Reindeer, 83, 87; Revenge, 43, 159, 223–24, 232, 239–40, 242–44, 249, 256–57, 266, 280, 287; Roebuck, 223, 242–43, 244n, 245; Rosario. See Nuestra Señora del Rosario; Royal Oak, 323; San Augustin, 134; San Cristobal, 125, 216, 220, 256, 301; San Felipe, 215–16, 220, 256, 301; San Juan de Portugal, 238, 240–41, 255–56, 271; San Juan de Sicilia, 256; San Lorenzo, 215, 255–56, 258–59; San Luis, 250; San Martin, 230, 237, 247, 255–56; San Mateo, 251, 256–57; San Pedro Mayor, 287; San Salvador, 241–42, 246, 259; Santa Ana, 250, 258; Santa Catalina, 55; Santa Clara, 193–94; Santa Maria (Columbus’s ship), 115; Santa Maria (Nuno da Silva’s ship), 103; Santa Maria de la Rosa, 262; Santiago, 192–94; Scout, 163, 179, 190; Sea Dragon, 178–79, 198; Sea Rider, 268; Solomon, 20; Speedwell, 178, 181; Susan, 205; Swallow, 23, 25–26, 31, 33, 35, 96, 98, 232, 247; Swan, 44–45, 48, 51–52, 54, 60, 99, 104–5; Swiftsure, 166, 223, 232, 266, 270, 275; Talbot, 178, 198; Thomas Drake, 178–79, 206, 223, 254; Tiger, 179–80, 196; Triumph, 228, 232, 239, 246–47, 250; Ugiera Salvagina, 300; Unity, 283; Vanguard, 257; Victoria, 90; Victory, 228, 232, 247; White Bear, 228, 232, 255; White Lion, 160n, 178, 198, 206; William and John, 23, 25–26, 31, 55
Shrewsbury, Earl of, 178
Siau Passage, 139
Sidbury, 162
Sidney, Sir Henry, 86–87
Sidney, Sir Philip, 80, 173, 179–80, 269
Sierra de Guaderrama, 176, 316
Sierra Leone, 18, 26, 143
Silva, Nuno da, 103, 105, 109n, 111n, 115, 118, 120–22, 126–27, 129, 131, 145, 152, 156
Simpson, John, 179
Sixtus V, Pope, 201, 220
Skerries, 86
Skerries Rock, 242
Sladen, Douglas, 319
Slaughter Island, 65–66, 68n, 71
Slavery/Slave trade, 13, 17–18, 20–31, 37, 47, 52, 62
Sluys, 219, 228, 252, 258, 263
Smerwick, 147
Smith, Hugh, 113
Smith, John, 74
Smithfield martyrs, 122
Sol, Michael, 29n
Solano, Juan, 132n
Solent, 249–50
Somerset, 174–75, 220
Somerset, Edward, Duke of, 5–6
Sonoma County (California), 133
Soto, Luys de, 49
Sotomayor, Alonso de, 310–11, 315
Sousa, Juan Rodriguez de, 166
South America, 10, 12, 77, 89, 93, 97, 103, 116, 122, 125, 132, 157, 164
Southampton, 41, 166, 169
Southwell, Robert, 247
Spain, Catholicism, 10–11, 203; colonial trade, 12–13; relations with England, 17, 23, 37, 40–42, 45, 79, 92–93, 97, 148, 164–68, 176–77, 180, 201, 216–17, 263; and Pacific voyages, 89–90; maritime empire, 71, 92, 120, 139–40, 181, 186, 200; and South America, 119, 126, 137; acquires Portugal, 140, 146; humiliated by Drake’s attacks, 181, 200, 210–11, 216, 262, 274; knowledge of Drake’s plans, 270; famine, 271; recovers from failure of Armada, 285; raid upon Cornwall, 304
Spanish Main, 12–13, 18, 20, 27, 31, 45, 47, 51, 53–54, 59, 61, 64, 72, 79, 191, 194, 197, 205, 310–11
Sparke, John, 297, 300
Spenser, Edmund, 80
Spes, Guerau de, 41
Spindelow, Henry, 210, 223
Spithead, 242
Spry, Robert, 163
Stafford, Sir Edward, 270
Stallenge, William, 293
Stamford, Baron, 161
Stanford, Sir Charles, 323
Stanning, John, 161
Starke, Matthew, 242n, 261n
Start Bay, 242
Start Point, 242
Stephens, Thomas, 29n
Sternhold, Thomas, 100
Stogumber, 174
Stoke Goldingham, 161
Stokes, John, 205
Stone, Tom, 298–99
Stonehouse, 291, 296
Stow, John, 104n
Strangwich, George, 298–99
Strickland, William, 172
Strode, William, 175, 293n, 295–97, 306, 316
Strozzi, Philippe, 72, 168, 176, 213
Stubbs, John, 122
Stukeley, Thomas, 318
Sussex, Thomas Radcliffe, 3rd Earl of, 81, 147, 150–51
Sutton Bingham, 174, 316
Sutton Pool, 294
Sweden, 10
Sydae, James, 83–84, 87, 100, 102, 112
Sydenham, Elizabeth. See Drake, Elizabeth
Sydenham, Sir George, 174–75, 220, 288–89, 314
Sydenham, John, 273
Sydenham, Sir John (sheriff of Somerset), 174
Sydenham, Mary, 174
Sydenham, Sir Philip, 175n
Sydenham family, 288
Sype, Nicola Van, 155
Tagarin River, 26
Tagus River, 276–80, 305
Talangam (Ternate), 139
Talavera, Canon Francisco de, 49
Tamar River, 1, 5, 160, 286, 294
Tapia, 310
Tate, John, 319
Tavistock, 1, 3–5, 17, 160, 173–74, 298, 320
Tavistock Abbey, 1–2, 5
Tavy River, 1–2, 159–60, 287, 294, 302
Tello, Rodrigo, 129, 132, 138
Temple, Richard, 29n
Terceira, 164–68, 176, 182, 263, 265
Ternate, 139–40, 148, 154, 157, 169
Terra Australis, 90, 93, 118, 143
Texeda, Juan de, 201
Thames River, 217, 200, 231, 268
Thatcher, Margaret, 324
Theobalds, 217
Thévet, André, 72–73
Thomas, John, 99, 108–110, 116, 132, 139
Thornhill, 162
Thoroughgood, Master, 185
Tidore, 89, 139
Tierra del Fuego, 118, 130, 132, 138n, 155
Tilbury, 261, 265
Timor, 143
Tjilatjap, 143
Toledo, Francisco de, 125, 256
Tolu, 45, 51–52, 60, 192
Tomori Bay, 142
Tongoy, 124
Torbay, 170, 245, 291
Tordesillas, Treaty of, 12, 16
Torrequemada, Garcia Fernández de, 188–90
Toscano, Octavius, 183n
Totnes, 5, 52, 163
Tralee Bay, 262
Trelawney, Jonathan, 293n
Trematon Castle, 5, 148
Tremayne, Edmund, 148, 160
Trenel, Captain, 52
Trinidad, 205
Trinity House, 290
Trotter, Thomas, 200
Troughton, John, 303
Truslon, John, 29n
Turks, 11, 213, 284. See also Ottoman Porte
Turner, Peter, 172
Tuscany, Grand Duke of, 300
Tyrone, 80–81
Tytler, Patrick Fraser, 235
Ubaldino, Petruccio, 154, 238–39, 243n, 257
Ubilla, Juan de, 34
Ulster, 81–82, 85, 262
Upchurch, 8
Uraba, Gulf of, 61
Ushant, 222, 230
Valdés, Diego Flores de, 48–51, 65–66, 74, 76, 156, 258
Valdés, Pedro de, 241–45, 287, 306
Valdivia, 119, 127
Vallano, 61
Vallejo Aldrete, Lazaro de, 22
Valliera, 212
Valois, House of, 40
Valparaiso, 123–24
Vanegas, Captain, 248
Vargas, Gaspar de, 130
Varney, John, 196
Vaz, Lopez, 54n, 69n, 90
Vega, Juan de la, 209
Velasco, Juan López de, 46
Velutelli, Acerbo, 99
Venice, 200, 301
Venta Cruces, 46, 48, 50, 66–70, 72, 311
Vera Cruz, 13, 32, 34
Veragua, 71
Vesuvius Reef, 142
Vicary, Leonard, 100, 103, 110–11, 113
Vigo, 180–81, 281
Vigo River, 180–81
Vique y Manrique, Pedro, 192, 194, 197
Virgin Islands, 308
Virginia, 107, 157, 173
Vitoria, Francisco, 137
Wagner, Henry, 142
Wake, Stephen, 44
Walker, John, 169
Walker, Thomas, 162
Walkham River, 160
Wallis, Helen, 321
Walloons, 266
Walsingham, Francis, 7, 79, 85, 94–98, 110, 147–48, 151, 153, 165–67, 169, 179, 203, 206, 211–12, 222–24, 227–28, 258, 260, 264, 282, 290, 324
Ward, Luke, 165, 169
Watts, John, 205, 216, 303
Webb, Thomas, 306, 313
Welch, John, 317
West Africa, 103
West Indies, 16, 36–37, 52, 81–82, 93, 166; Drake’s first voyage, 13; Hawkins in, 17–18, 20, 27–31, 40, 42, 45; Drake’s activities in, 44–77, 81–82, 86, 93, 99, 106, 145, 173, 181–82, 186–97, 200, 204–5, 303–5, 307–14, 319; slaves, 47; Indians, 62; epidemics, 64; and Spain, 40, 77, 131, 166, 201, 216, 285, 303; French corsairs in, 45, 71–72, 130
West Tilbury, 220
Wester Colcombe, 174
Western Rebellion (1549), 5
Weymouth, 300
Whiddon, Jacob, 245
White, Chrissie, 318
White Sea, 208
Whitehall Palace, 150, 155
Whitelocke, William, 314
Whitsand Bay, 253
Wight, Isle of, 52, 55, 219, 225, 237, 242; battles of, 239, 246n, 248–52, 259
Wilbur, Margueritte, 318
William of Orange, 45, 176
Williams, Sir Roger, 220, 228, 263, 267, 270, 275–76, 281–82
Willoughby, Sir Hugh, 17
Willoughby, Peregrine Bertie, Lord, 266
Winchester, Marquis of, 160
Windsor Castle, 150
Wingfield, Captain, 273n, 274, 279
Winter, Edward, 178, 190
Winter, George, 95, 99
Winter, John, 99, 103, 105n, 106, 109, 111, 116–18, 129, 132, 139, 145, 155, 178
Winter, Robert, 108, 112
Winter, William, 18, 23, 45, 52, 95, 98, 165–66, 171, 178, 199, 203n, 208, 231, 233, 251, 253–54, 257
Winter, William, the younger, 303
Wise, Thomas, 295
Wolley, Sir John, 217, 274
Wolsey, Thomas, 174
Wood, James, 313
Wood, Margaret, 245n
Wood, Simon, 156, 244n, 245n
Woodroofe, Sir Nicholas, 173
Woolevington, 174
Woolwich, 16
Worth, Lyon, 43
Worth, Margery, 43
Wray, Christopher, 152
Wray, John, 293n
Wray, Thomas, 297
Wright, W. H. K., 319
Wroth, Robert, 294
Wyatt, Sir Thomas, 6
Wyndham, Thomas, 17
Yarcombe, 162, 175, 288, 306, 313, 316–17
Yebra, Pedro de, 34
Yorke, Gilbert, 165, 303
Yucatan Channel, 31
Zacatecas (Mexico), 12
Zante, 99
Zarate, Francisco de, 121n, 123, 129–30
Zeeland, 202, 204, 255, 257–58
Zubiaur, Pedro de, 148, 152–53