9.1
ʿAbd al-Razzāq, on the authority of Maʿmar, on the authority of al-Zuhrī, who said:
When God’s Messenger turned away from al-Ḥudaybiyah to return to Medina, he undertook the raid against Khaybar. Concerning this, God revealed:
«He has promised you many future gains: He has hastened this gain for you. He has held back the hands of hostile people from you as a sign for the faithful and He will guide you to a straight path.»144
When the Prophet conquered Khaybar, he gave its spoils to those who had undertaken the expedition to al-Ḥudaybiyah with him and those who had given the oath of fealty under the tree,145 whether they had personally witnessed the triumph over Khaybar or had been absent, for God had promised it to them. The Messenger of God took the fifth portion from Khaybar, which was his right,146 and then divided the rest as spoils among those Muslims who had witnessed the triumph in Khaybar and the rest of the people of al-Ḥudaybiyah who had not. However, neither God’s Messenger nor his companions had anyone able to manage Khaybar or cultivate its lands.
Al-Zuhrī said: Saʿīd ibn al-Musayyab related to me that:
The Messenger of God summoned the Jews of Khaybar, who had been forced to abandon the oasis and had left, and he handed the settlement back over to them on the condition that they would administer its lands and deliver half its produce to God’s Messenger and his companions. The Messenger of God said to them, “The decision I have given you accords with what God has decided.” God’s Messenger used to send the Ally ʿAbd Allāh ibn Rawāḥah to them, and he would appraise the yield of the date palms for them when their first fruits would begin to show signs of ripening and before anything had been eaten. Then he would give the Jews the choice of whether to accept their share on the basis of that appraisal or dispute it.
9.3
Al-Zuhrī said:
After these events, the Messenger of God undertook a minor-pilgrimage in the month of Dhū l-Qadah,147 while the armistice between him and the Quraysh was still in effect. The Quraysh left Mecca to God’s Messenger and appointed Ḥuwayṭib ibn ʿAbd al-ʿUzzā al-Qurashī al-ʿAdawī as their deputy. They stipulated that, if the Messenger of God were to circle around the Kaaba for more than three days, Ḥuwayṭib would approach him and order him to leave.148 Such was the pact God’s Messenger had concluded with the Quraysh: that he would abide for three days circling around the Sacred House. Ḥuwayṭib approached God’s Messenger after the three days had passed and discussed the matter of the departure with him. The Messenger of God then departed in his caravan, heading for Medina. Afterward, the Messenger of God undertook the Expedition of the Triumph; that is, the triumph over Mecca.
9.4
Al-Zuhrī said: ʿUbayd Allāh ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿUtbah reported to me, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās:
The Prophet left Medina during the month of Ramadan alongside ten thousand Muslims—this was just after eight and a half years had passed since his arrival in Medina. He marched with the Muslims to Mecca. He fasted and they fasted until they had reached al-Kadīd, a water source that lies between ʿUsfān and Qudayd. There he broke his fast, as did the Muslims who were with him, and they did not fast for the remainder of Ramadan.
Al-Zuhrī commented: Ceasing the fast was the latter of the two commands; hence, one should observe the later command of the Messenger of God and leave aside the prior.
He continued: The Messenger of God’s triumph over Mecca was achieved on the night of the thirteenth of Ramadan.149