Sources

UNPUBLISHED SOURCES

1. Some Davies Letters and Papers, 1874–1915, compiled in six volumes by Peter Llewelyn Davies between 1945 and 1951. Peter outlined the purpose of what he referred to as the family Morgue in a series of notes found after his death: ‘Intention: To show, by extracts from letters & diaries, with short notes, the sort of Davies and du Maurier people we are sprung from…. To “lay a ghost” in my own case, and free myself to either destroying all documents or dispersing them between Jack & Nico’. In a letter sent to his two surviving brothers to accompany the first instalment of the Morgue, Peter wrote: ‘If you think the whole thing is a mistake, you can always tear it up and throw it away, as I shall now proceed to tear up and throw away the letters, some of which are here copied’. Peter's original plan had been to take his compilation up to the death of Michael in 1921, but his process of destruction overtook the speed of his transcription, and by 1952 he had abandoned the task at George's death, consigning all further material in his possession to the incinerator. In every sense the Morgue is a tragic document, since its compilation was, in Nico's opinion, a contributory factor towards Peter's suicide.

2. The Walter Beinecke Jnr Collection, housed at Yale University as part of the Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library. The collection contains the major part of Barrie's letters and manuscripts extant (including much Davies material not transcribed in the Morgue), as well as the surviving copy of The Boy Castaways of Black Lake Island, and Barrie's forty-eight notebooks. These notebooks were made available to me on microfilm, and some of my transcriptions differ from the same extracts printed in earlier biographies; similar discrepancies occur with many of Barrie's letters in the Beinecke Collection, particularly when compared with those in The Letters of J. M. Barrie (Peter Davies Ltd, 1942). While making no claim to infallibility, I believe my transcriptions to be accurate, thanks to Nico's help in deciphering the more illegible passages of Barrie's handwriting.

3. The Barrie Birthplace Collection, administered by the National Trust for Scotland, which contains unpublished drafts of Barrie's works, as well as a number of early photographs.

4. Material owned by Nicholas Llewelyn Davies, including the majority of photographs reproduced here. Many of the letters and documents in his possession do not appear in Peter's Morgue.

5. The Margaret Ogilvy Sweeten Collection, which includes letters and photographs associated with Barrie's childhood, and with the Barrie and Ogilvy families.

6. The Mary Hodgson Collection, made available by her niece, Mrs Mary Hill. It contains various photographs, mementoes and letters from the Davies boys, particularly Peter and Nico, who wrote to her frequently until her death in 1962.

7. The Pauline Chase letters in the Victoria and Albert Museum.

8. The Roger Lancelyn Green Collection. As author of Fifty Years of Peter Pan (Peter Davies Ltd, 1954), Roger Lancelyn Green has amassed a wealth of Barrie knowledge and material. His collection includes Nina Boucicault's 1904 rehearsal script of Peter Pan.

9. The Lillie Library Collection, University of Indiana. In his Dedication to Peter Pan, Barrie implied that the original draft of the play had been lost. In fact he had given it to Maude Adams, who in turn presented it to the Lillie Library.

10. Dolly Ponsonby's unpublished Diaries, 1890–1914, made available by the Dowager Lady Ponsonby.

11. Material owned by Geraldine Llewelyn Davies, including several hundred letters from Barrie to Jack and herself, as well as personal correspondence with her husband.

A number of smaller collections have also been consulted, their owners being acknowledged in the Introduction. In addition I have drawn extensively from my own taped interviews, and correspondence carried out between 1975 and 1978 by Sharon Goode and myself.

PUBLISHED SOURCES

Barrie's own works:

The majority of Barrie's books and plays were published in Great Britain by Hodder & Stoughton Ltd, the exceptions being Better Dead (Swan Sonnenschein); The Little Minister [novel], Sentimental Tommy, Tommy and Grizel (Cassell); Neil and Tintinnabulum (privately printed 1925, subsequently included in Cynthia Asquith's The Flying Carpet, Partridge, 1925); The Greenwood Hat, The Boy David, M‘Connachie and J.M.B.: Speeches by J. M. Barrie, The Letters of J. M. Barrie (Peter Davies). An incomplete list of Barrie's numerous contributions to newspapers and periodicals appears in A Bibliography of the Writings of Sir James Matthew Barrie Bart., O.M. by Herbert Garland (The Bookman's Journal, 1928) and Sir James Matthew Barrie: A Bibliography by B. D. Cutler (Greenberg, New York, 1931). My extracts have been taken from photo-copies of the original articles supplied by the Colindale Newspaper Library. A useful ‘Barrie Book List’ is given by Roger Lancelyn Green in his brief but excellent monograph. J. M. Barrie (Bodley Head, 1960). There is no single ‘authorized’ version of Barrie's plays, since the author delighted in revising his texts after they had appeared in print. The majority are available in three different versions: an acting edition, published by Samuel French Ltd.; a semi-novelized version, published individually as part of the 23-volume Uniform Edition of the Works and Plays of J. M. Barrie between 1913 and 1937 by Hodder & Stoughton, Cassell, and Peter Davies Ltd.; and, thirdly, in script format in The Definitive Edition of the Plays of J. M. Barrie (Hodder & Stoughton, 1942). Excerpts quoted in this book have been taken from the last, unless otherwise stated. Barrie's speeches, with the exceptions of Courage and The Entrancing Life, were gathered together in 1938 as M‘Connachie and J.M.B.: Speeches by J. M. Barrie (Peter Davies); the texts often differ from contemporary transcriptions in The Times and other newspapers, which in turn deviate from the actual words spoken – evidenced by certain speeches recorded on Movietone and Pathé newsreels. My excerpts have been taken from the Peter Davies compilation. Similar problems of consistency occur with Barrie's novels, where the US and British texts often differ: my extracts are from the latter. The novelization of Peter Pan, first published as Peter and Wendy (Hodder & Stoughton, 1911), has been re-titled Peter Pan (currently in Puffin paperback), but should not be confused with ‘retold’ – i.e. simplified – versions masquerading under the same title.

Select Bibliography:

The following books and articles have also been consulted. In particular, Denis Mackail's encyclopaedic biography, The Story of J.M.B., has been of inestimable help. The only other biographies of similar standing are W. A. Darlington's highly perceptive J. M. Barrie, and Janet Dunbar's more recent J. M. Barrie: The Man Behind the Image. An asterisk indicates those works from which I have quoted, and I am grateful to their respective publishers for permission to do so. Publication dates are for Great Britain, unless otherwise stated.

ADLARD, ELEANOR (ED): *Dear Turley (Muller, 1942)

AGATE, JAMES: Those Were the Nights (Hutchinson, 1946)

ANSELL, MARY: Happy Houses (Cassell, 1912)

—*The Happy Garden (Cassell, 1912)

—*Dogs and Men (Duckworth, 1923)

ASQUITH, CYNTHIA: Haply I May Remember (Barrie, 1950)

—*Portrait of Barrie (Barrie, 1954)

Diaries: 1915–1918 (Hutchinson, 1968)

BEATON, CECIL: *Contribution to The Rise and Fall of the Matinée Idol, edited by Anthony Curtis (Weidenfeld 1974)

BEERBOHM, MAX: *Last Theatres (Hart-Davis, 1970)

BLAKE, GEORGE: *Barrie and the Kailyard School (Barker, 1951)

BLOW, SYDNEY: *Through Stage Doors (Chambers, 1958)

BOOTHBY, LORD: *My Yesterday, Your Tomorrow (Hutchinson, 1962)

My Oxford (Contribution) Edited by Ann Thwaite (Robson Books, 1977)

BRAYBROOKE, PATRICK: Barrie: A Study in Fairies and Mortals (Dranes, 1924)

CARDUS, NEVILLE: Autobiography (Collins, 1947)

CARRINGTON, DORA: *Letters and Diaries, edited by David Garnett (Cape, 1975)

CHALMERS, PATRICK: The Barrie Inspiration (Peter Davies, 1938)

CHASE, PAULINE: *Peter Pan's Postbag (Heinemann, 1909)

My Reminiscences of Peter Pan (Strand Magazine, Jan. 1913)

COCHRAN, CHARLES: Cock-a-Doodle-Do (Dent, 1941)

COMPTON, FAY: Rosemary: Some Remembrances (Rivers, 1926)

COVENEY, PETER: The Image of Childhood (Peregrine, 1967)

DARLINGTON, W. A.: *J. M. Barrie (Blackie, 1938)

DARTON, F. J. HARVEY: J. M. Barrie (Nisbet, 1929)

DU MAURIER, ANGELA: I'm Only the Sister (Peter Davies, 1949)

DU MAURIER, DAPHNE: *Gerald: A Portrait (Gollancz, 1934)

The Du Mauriers (Gollancz, 1937)

Growing Pains (Gollancz, 1977)

DU MAURIER, GUY: *Letters from Lieut.-Col. G. L. B. Du Maurier, D.S.O., 3rd Battalion Royal Fusiliers, To His Wife (Bumpus, 1915)

DUNBAR, JANET: *J. M. Barrie: The Man Behind the Image (Collins, 1970)

ELDER, MICHAEL: The Young James Barrie (Macdonald, 1968)

FARR, DIANA: *Gilbert Cannan: A Georgian Prodigy (Chatto, 1978)

FRASER, MORRIS: The Death of Narcissus (Secker & Warburg, 1976)

GEDULD, HARRY M.: Sir James M. Barrie (Twayne, New York, 1971)

GREEN, ROGER LANCELYN: *Fifty Years of Peter Pan (Peter Davies, 1954)

J. M. Barrie (Bodley Head, 1960)

HAMMERTON, J. A.: J. M. Barrie and His Books (Marshall, 1900)

—*Barrie: The Story of a Genius (Sampson Low, 1929)

Barrieland: A Thrums Pilgrimage (Sampson Low, 1931)

HICKS, SEYMOUR: Between Ourselves (Cassell, 1930)

HOLROYD, MICHAEL: *Lytton Strachey: A Biography (Penguin, 1971)

KENNEDY, JOHN: Thrums and the Barrie Country (Cranton, 1930)

KENNETT, LADY: *Self Portrait of an Artist (Murray, 1949)

LEWIS, C. DAY: *The Buried Day (Chatto, 1960)

LOWNDES, MARIE B.: *Diaries and Letters, edited by Susan Lowndes (Chatto, 1971)

LUCAS, AUDREY: *E. V. Lucas: A Portrait (Methuen, 1939)

LURIE, ALISON: The Boy Who Couldn't Grow Up (New York Review, Feb 1975)

LYTTON, THE EARL OF: Anthony (Peter Davies, 1935)

MACCARTHY, DESMOND: Theatre (Kee, 1954)

MACKAIL, DENIS: *The Story of J.M.B. (Peter Davies, 1941)

MACLEOD, BETTY: *Contribution to Norland Place School, 1876–1976, edited by Joan Keene (Old Norlanders Association, 1976)

MARCOSSIN, I. & DANIEL FROHMAN: *Charles Frohman: Manager and Man (Bodley Head, New York, 1915)

MASON, A. E. W.: *‘James Barrie’ (Article in Dictionary of National Biography, O.U.P. 1949)

MAUDE, CYRIL: Behind the Scenes with Cyril Maude (Murray, 1927)

MAUDE, PAMELA: *Worlds Away (Heinemann, 1964)

MEREDITH, GEORGE: Letters of George Meredith, edited by His Son (Constable, 1912)

MILLINGTON-DRAKE, EUGEN: Hugh Macnaghten's House Record, Eton: 1899–1920 (Ballantyne, 1930)

MORRELL, OTTOLINE: Ottoline: The Early Memoirs of Lady Ottoline Morrell 1873–1915, edited by Robert Gathorne-Hardy (Faber, 1963)

MOULT, THOMAS: Barrie (Cape, 1928)

ORMOND, LEONEE: George du Maurier (Routledge, 1969)

ROBBINS, PHYLLIS : *Maude Adams: An Intimate Portrait (Putnam, New York, 1956)

ROY, JAMES A.: *James Matthew Barrie: An Appreciation (Jarrolds, 1937)

RUSSELL, BERTRAND: *The Autobiography of Bertrand Russell, 1872–1914 (Unwin, 1967)

SCOTT, PETER: *The Eye of the Wind (Hodder & Stoughton, 1961)

SHELTON, GEORGE: It's Smee (Ernest Benn, 1928)

STEVENSON, ROBERT LOUIS: *The Letters of Robert Louis Stevenson, edited by Sir Sidney Colvin, 5 vol. (Heinemann, 1924)

TERRISS, ELLALINE: Just a Little Bit of String (Hutchinson, 1955)

TERRY, ELLEN: Memoirs (Gollancz, 1933)

THOMAS, GWENDOLEN: ‘Barrie and Hanny’ (John o'London, Jun.–Nov. 1953)

TREWIN, J. C.: The Edwardian Theatre (Blackwell, 1966)

The Theatre since 1900 (Dakers, 1968)

VANBRUGH, IRENE: *To Tell My Story (Hutchinson, 1948)

WALBROOK, H. M.: *J. M. Barrie and the Theatre (F. V. White, 1922)

WALKLEY, A.B.: *Drama and Life (Methuen, 1922)