1. Joseph Story, “The Value and Importance of Legal Studies,” The Miscellaneous Writings of Joseph Story, William Story, ed. (Boston: Little, Brown, 1852), 513.
2. Abraham Lincoln, “Address Before the Young Men’s Lyceum of Springfield, IL,” Complete Works of Abraham Lincoln, John G. Nicolay and John Hay, eds., vol. 1 (New York: Century, 1894), 9.
3. Ronald Reagan, “Encroaching Control (The Peril of Ever Expanding Government),” A Time for Choosing: The Speeches of Ronald Reagan 1961–1982, Alfred A. Baltizer and Gerald M. Bonetto, eds. (Chicago: Regnery, 1983), 38.
1. My references to utopianism are short for political utopianism.
2. Karl Popper, The Poverty of Historicism (London and New York: Routledge Classics, 2010), 43.
3. Ibid., 33–34.
4. Edmund Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in France (London: Seeley, 1872), 93.
5. Eric Hoffer, The True Believer: Thoughts on the Nature of Mass Movements (New York: Harper Perennial, 2010), 11.
6. Mark R. Levin, Liberty and Tyranny: A Conservative Manifesto (New York: Threshold Editions, 2009).
7. Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracy in America, vol. 2 (New York: Knopf Everyman’s Edition, 1994), 87. Subsequent references to this work will be to (Volume, Page).
8. It is also important not to conflate the inability of people to redress radical egalitarianism with their acceptance of it.
9. Friedrich Hayek, The Constitution of Liberty (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1960), 85.
10. Levin, Liberty and Tyranny, 16–17.
11. See ibid., citing Adam Smith, An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations (New York: Collier, 1937).
12. Popper, The Poverty of Historicism, 73.
13. Whether recourse to violence builds into a popular uprising and whether the utopia survives depends on the nature of the utopia and myriad factors and events that are not the subject of this book.
14. Frédéric Bastiat, The Law (New York: Quality Books, 1998), 32–33.
15. Thomas Jefferson, Notes on the State of Virginia (New York: Literary Classics, 1984), 211.
16. Raymond Aron, The Opium of the Intellectuals (New Brunswick: Transaction, 2007), xiii–xiv.
17. Joseph Schumpeter, Capitalism, Socialism, and Democracy (New York: Harper, 1976), 153–54.
18. Bastiat, The Law, 4–5.
19. Popper, The Poverty of Historicism, 43.
20. F. A. Hayek, The Fatal Conceit: The Errors of Socialism, W. W. Bartley III, ed. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991), 152–53.
21. Levin, Liberty and Tyranny, 3–4.
22. James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay, The Federalist Papers (New York: Penguin, 1987).
23. Ibid.
24. Stuart Taylor Jr., “Marshall Sounds Critical Note on Bicentennial,” New York Times, May 7, 1987, as quoted in Mark R. Levin, Men in Black: How the Supreme Court Is Destroying America (Washington, D.C.: Regnery, 2004), 9.
25. Ibid.
26. Speech at Lewistown, Illinois, Aug. 17, 1858, The Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln, vol. 2 (New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1953), 546–47.
27. Levin, Liberty and Tyranny, 4, quoting Alexis de Toqueville, Democracy in America (New York: Penguin, 2003).
1. Plato, Republic (New York: Barnes & Noble Classics, 2004). All references to Republic are to the commonly accepted line numbering system used in this as well as most other translations.
2. Although the ruling class comes from the guardian population, for purposes of this discussion they will be used interchangeably.
3. Donald J. Zeyl, ed., Encyclopedia of Classical Philosophy (London: Routledge, 1947), 400. See Aristotle, Metaphysics.
4. Encyclopedia of Classical Philosophy, 404.
5. See F. C. Copleston, ed., A History of Philosophy, vol. 1 (New York: Image Books, 1985), 232–33.
6. Ibid.
7. Karl R. Popper, The Open Society and its Enemies, vol. 1, Plato (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1971), 102.
8. Raymond H. Anderson, “Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomani, 89, Relentless Founder of Iran’s Islamic Republic,” New York Times, June 5, 1989, http://www.nytimes.com/1989/06/05/world/ayatollah-ruhollah-khomeini-89–relentless-founder-of-iran-s-islamic-republic.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm (July 16, 2011).
9. Popper, Plato, 199–200.
1. Thomas More, Utopia. First published in Antwerp, 1516, in Latin. The first English language translation, by Ralph Robinson, was published in 1551. The edition used herein was edited by Wayne A. Rebhorn (New York: Barnes and Noble Classics, 2005). Unless otherwise noted, all page references in this chapter are to Utopia.
1. Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan, Edwin Curley, ed. (Indianapolis: Hackett, 1994). Subsequent references to this work will be to page number.
1. Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, The Communist Manifesto (London: SoHo, 2010). Subsequent references to this work are to (Page).
2. Karl R. Popper, The Open Society and Its Enemies, vol. 2, Hegel and Marx (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1971), 83 (emphasis in original).
3. Raymond Aron, The Opium of the Intellectuals (New Brunswick: Transaction, 2007), 339.
4. Mark R. Levin, Liberty and Tyranny: A Conservative Manifesto (New York: Threshold Editions, 2009), 65–66.
5. “America Runs on Small Chamber,” Main Street Chamber, Sept. 29, 2010, http://www.mainstreetchamber-mn.org/2010/09/29/ameria-runs-on-small-business-2/ (July 16, 2011).
6. Aron, The Opium of the Intellectuals, 343.
1. John Locke, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008). Subsequent references to this work will be to (Book, Chapter, Section).
2. John Locke, The Second Treatise of Government (New York: Barnes & Noble, 2004). Subsequent references to this work will be to (Chapter, Section).
1. Livingston was one of the delegates who did not sign the Declaration as he believed, among other things, that reconciliation with Britain was still possible.
2. John Locke, Two Treatises of Government, Peter Laslett, ed. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010). Subsequent references to this work will be to (Chapter, Section).
3. Thomas Jefferson’s “original rough draught” of the Declaration of Independence, http://www.princeton.edu/~tjpapers/declaration/declaration.html (July 13, 2011).
4. James Madison, “Property,” National Gazette, March 29, 1792, http://teachingamericanhistory.org/library/index.asp?document=600 (July 13, 2011).
5. William Blackstone, Commentaries on the Laws of England, http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/blackstone_intro.asp#2 (July 13, 2011).
6. Madison, “Property.”
7. Jeffrey M. Gaba, “John Locke and the Meaning of the Takings Clause,” 72 Missouri Law Review 525, 527 n.4 (2007) citing William Michael Treanor, “The Origins and Original Significance of the Just Compensation Clause of the Fifth Amendment,” 94 Yale Law Journal 694, 708–12 (1985).
8. U.S. Constitution, Fifth Amendment.
9. Bernard Bailyn, The Ideological Origins of the American Revolution (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1992), 27.
1. Charles Montesquieu, The Spirit of the Laws, Anne M. Cohler, Basia C. Miller, and Harold S. Stone, eds. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009) (Part 1, Book 1, Chapter 2). Subsequent references to this work will be to (Part, Book, Chapter).
1. Donald S. Lutz, The Origins of American Constitutionalism (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1988), 143.
2. John R. Vile, The Constitutional Convention of 1787: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of America’s Founding, vol. 1 (Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, 2005), 495.
3. Ibid., citing Max Farrand, ed., The Records of the Federal Convention, vol. 1 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1937), 71.
4. Ibid., citing Farrand, I, 308.
5. Ibid., citing Farrand, I, 391.
6. Ibid., citing Farrand, I, 485.
7. Ibid., citing Farrand, II, 34.
8. Ibid., citing Farrand, II, 530.
9. Ibid., citing Farrand, I, 580.
10. Ibid., citing Forrest McDonald, Novus Ordo Seclorum: The Intellectual Origins of the Constitution (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1985), 233.
11. James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay, The Federalist Papers (New York: Penguin, 1987).
12. Ibid.
13. David Wootton, ed., The Essential Federalist and Anti-Federalist Papers (Indianapolis: Hackett, 2003), 99.
14. Ibid., 105.
15. Ibid., 11–12.
16. Ibid., 13.
17. Ibid., 15.
18. Herbert J. Storing, ed., The Complete Anti-Federalist, vol. 1, ch. 4, doc. 16 (Cato, no. 3) (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1981).
19. Madison, Hamilton, and Jay, The Federalist Papers.
20. Ibid.
21. Ibid.
22. Ibid.
23. Ibid.
24. U.S. Constitution, Tenth Amendment. Compare with Articles of Confederation, Article II: “Each state retains its sovereignty, freedom, and independence, and every power, jurisdiction, and right, which is not by this Confederation expressly delegated to the United States in Congress assembled.”
25. U.S. Constitution, Ninth Amendment.
26. Kurt T. Lash, “The Lost Original Meaning of the Ninth Amendment,” 83 Texas Law Review 331, 392 (2004).
27. Ibid., quoting James Madison, Writings, Jack N. Rakove, ed. (New York: Library of America, 1999), 489.
28. Ibid., quoting Gazette of the United States (Philadelphia), Feb. 23, 1791, reprinted in Documentary History of the First Federal Congress, 1789–1791, William Charles diGiacomantonio et al., eds., vol. 14 (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996), 367.
29. James Madison, Notes of Debates in the Federal Convention of 1787 (Athens, OH: Ohio University Press, 1985), 7.
1. Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracy in America, vol. I (New York: Knopf, 1994), 46. Subsequent references to this work will be to (Volume, Page).
1. Christopher Collier and James Lincoln Collier, Decision in Philadelphia: The Constitutional Convention of 1787 (New York: Ballantine, 2007), 250.
2. James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay, The Federalist Papers (New York: Penguin, 1987).
3. Ibid.
4. Woodrow Wilson, Constitutional Government in the United States (New York: Columbia University Press, 1908), 16.
5. Ibid., 4–5.
6. Ibid., 54.
7. Ibid., 56.
8. Ibid., 56–57.
9. Ibid., 70.
10. Ibid., 167.
11. Ibid., 167–68.
12. Ibid., 172.
13. Ibid., 193.
14. Ibid., 178.
15. Ibid.
16. Ibid., 189.
17. Ibid., 192.
18. Franklin D. Roosevelt, Whither Bound? (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1926), 14–16.
19. Ibid., 19–20.
20. Levin, Liberty and Tyranny.
21. Franklin D. Roosevelt, “State of the Union Message to Congress,” Jan. 11, 1944, http://www.fdrlibrary.marist.edu/archives/address_text.html (July 14, 2011).
22. Ibid.
23. Ibid.
24. Cass R. Sunstein, The Second Bill of Rights: FDR’s Unfinished Revolution and Why We Need It More than Ever (New York: Basic Books, 2004), 232–33.
25. Ibid., 234.
26. 1936 Constitution of the USSR, http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/russian/const/36cons04.html#chap10 (July 14, 2011).
27. Whittaker Chambers, Witness (Washington, D.C.: Gateway, 2002), 472.
28. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_cqN4NIEtOY (July 14, 2011).
1. F. A. Hayek, The Fatal Conceit: The Errors of Socialism, W. W. Bartley III, ed. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991), 14.
2. Kyle Mundry, “Individual Income Tax Rates and Shares,” Internal Revenue Service, 2008, IRS Bulletin http://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-soi/11intr08winbul.pdf (July 17, 2011), 31.
3. “Historical Tables, Budget of the U.S. Government, Fiscal Year 2011,” U.S. Government Printing Office, http://www.gpoaccess.gov/usbudget/fy11/pdf/hist.pdf (July 17, 2011).
4. “The Moment of Truth,” National Commission on Fiscal Responsibility and Reform, http://www.fiscalcommission.gov/sites/fiscalcommission.gov/files/documents/TheMomentofTruth12_1_2010.pdf (July 17, 2011).
5. “CBO’s 2011 Long-Term Budget Outlook,” CBO REPORT, Congressional Budget Office, June 2011.
6. National Commission, “The Moment of Truth.”
7. CBO 2011 Long-Term Budget Outlook.
8. Dennis Cauchon, “U.S. funding for future promises lags by trillions,” USA Today, June 6, 2011, http://www.usatoday.com/news/washington/2011–06–06–us-owes-62–trillion-in-debt_n.htm (July 18, 2011).
9. Ibid.
10. Dennis Cauchon, “Federal workers earning double their private counterparts,” USA Today, Aug. 13, 2010, http://www.usatoday.com/money/economy/income/2010–08–10–1Afedpay10_ST_N.htm (July 14, 2011).
11. Iain Murray, “There Is No ‘Regulation Day’ to Remind Us How Much They Cost,” National Review, The Corner, April 18, 2011, http://www.nationalreview.com/corner/264984/there-no-regulation-day-remind-us-how-much-they-cost-iain-murray (July 14, 2011).
12. Nicole V. Crain and W. Mark Crain, “The Regulation Tax Keeps Growing,” Wall Street Journal, Sept. 27, 2010, http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748703860104575508122499819564.html (July 14, 2011).
13. Brian Walsh, “Overcriminalization: An Explosion of Federal Criminal Law,” Heritage Foundation, April 27, 2011, http://www.heritage.org/research/factsheets/2011/04/overcriminalization-an-explosion-of-federal-criminal-law (July 14, 2011).
14. See www.epa.gov/oar/oaqps/; www.epa.gov/owow/wetlands/regs/index.html; http://endangered.fws.gov/policies/index.html; www.epa.gov/opptintr/lead/fslbp.htm; www.epa.gov/opptintr/pcb; and www.achp.gov/regs.html.
15. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, “Recognizing Wetlands,” http://www.nao.usace.army.mil/technical%20services/Regulatory%20branch/RBwetlands.asp (July 14, 2011).
16. See Consumer Product Safety Act, 15 U.S.C. Sections 2051–2089 (2008).
17. Murray Weidenbaum, “Government Regulation of the Automobile,” Heartland Institute, Jan. 1, 1999, http://www.heartland.org/policybot/results/381/Government_Regulation_of_the_Automobile.html (July 14, 2011).
18. Randal O’Toole, “Obama’s Fuel-Economy Standards,” Cato Institute, May 20, 2009, http://www.cato-at-liberty.org/obamas-fuel-economy-standards/ (July 14, 2011).
19. “Obama unveils sharp increase in auto fuel economy,” Reuters, July 29, 2011, http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/07/29/us-usa-autos-standards-idUSTRE76S4AR20110729 (October 10, 2011).
20. David Shepardson, “Study: Fuel rules to hike car costs,” Detroit News, June 15, 2011, http://www.detnews.com/article/20110615/AUTO01/106150378/1148/Study--Fuel-rules-to-hike-car-costs (July 14, 2011).
21. Ran Balis, “CAFÉ Standards Kill: Congress’ Regulatory Solution to Foreign Oil Dependence Comes at a Steep Price,” National Center for Public Policy Research, National Policy Analysis 546, July 2006, http://www.nationalcenterorg/NPA546CAFE Standards.html (July 14, 2011).
22. 40 CFR 85, 86, 600 & 49 CER 575. See also Fact Sheet: New Fuel Economy and Environment Labels for a New Generation of Vehicles, http://www.afdc.energy.gov/afdc/ethanol/incentives_laws_federal.html?print.
23. Ibid.
24. Tim Devaney, “Petroleum leader decries ‘extreme’ regs,” Washington Times, July 12, 2011, http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2011/jul/12/petroleum-leader-decries-extreme-regulations/ (July 14, 2011).
25. 16 CFR 306.5.
26. 40 CFR 80.1100–80.1167. See also U.S. Department of Energy, Alternative Fuels and Advanced Vehicles Data Center, http://www.afdc.energy.gov/afdc/ethanol/incentives_laws_federal.html?print (July 16, 2011).
27. 40 CFR 63.11116.
28. 16 CFR 306.10.
29. 29 CFR 1910.263(k)(2)(i).
30. See 9 CFR Part 317.
31. 21 CFR 174–90.
32. http://www.ftc.gov/os/2011/04/110428foodmarketproposedguide.pdf.
33. Ibid.
34. Education and the Workforce Committee, Committee Statements, “Duncan Statement: Hearing on ‘Examining the Cost of Federal Overreach into School Meals,’” May 13, 2011, http://edworkforce.house.gov/News/DocumentSingle.aspx?DocumentID=241182 (July 14, 2011); “Goodbye to Bake Sales? Nutrition Bill Subjects School Fundraisers to New Regs,” Fox News, Dec. 8, 2010, http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2010/12/08/goodbye-bake-sales-nutrition-subjects-school-fundraisers-new-regs/ (July 14, 2011).
35. Sheryl Gay Stolberg and William Neuman, “Restaurant Nutrition Draws Focus of First Lady,” New York Times, Feb. 6, 2011.
36. Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, Pub. L. No. 111–148, Section 4205, 124 Stat. 119 (2010).
37. Richard Verrier, “What’s in the Popcorn? Cinemas Would Rather Not Have to Say,” Los Angeles Times, March 23, 2011.
38. See Victor Davis Hanson, “The Department of Food Subsidies,” National Review, June 23, 2011, http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/270233/department-food-subsidies-victor-davis-hanson (July 14, 2011).
39. Americans with Disabilities Act, 42 U.S.C. Section 12,101 et seq.
40. PPACA, Section 4205.
41. Henry Rogers Seager, Social Insurance: A Program of Social Reform (New York: Macmillan, 1910).
42. Levin, Liberty and Tyranny, 96.
43. Seager, Social Insurance, 1–2.
44. Ibid., 3.
45. Ibid., 5.
46. Ibid., 118.
47. Ibid., 150–51.
48. Ibid., 151–61.
49. Ibid., 161–62.
50. Ibid., 162.
51. Ibid., 168.
52. Ibid., 175.
53. Charlotte A. Twight, Dependent on D.C.: The Rise of Federal Control Over the Lives of Ordinary Americans (New York: Palgrave, 2002), 62.
54. Ibid.
55. Levin, Liberty and Tyranny, 98, citing Arthur Schlesinger Jr., The Coming of the New Deal (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1959), 308.
56. Twight, Dependent on D.C., 76.
57. The 2011 Annual Report of the Board of Trustees, Federal Old Age and Survivors Insurance and Federal Disability Insurance Trust Fund (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, June 2011), 2.
58. Twight, Dependent on D.C., 199.
59. Levin, Liberty and Tyranny, 102, citing Lyndon B. Johnson, “Remarks with President Truman at the Signing in Independence of the Medicare Bill,” July 30, 1965, Lyndon Baines Johnson Library and Museum, http://www.lbjlib.utexas.edu/Johnson/archives.hom/speeches.hom/650730.asp (July 14, 2010).
60. Ibid.
61. Ibid., 103, citing Larry DeWitt, “The Medicare Program as a Capstone to the Great Society—Recent Revelations in the LBJ White House Tapes,” citing White House tape WH6503.11, Lyndon Baines Johnson Library and Museum, May 2003, http://www.larrydewitt.net/Essays/MedicareDaddy.htm.
62. The 2011 Annual Report of the Boards of Trustees of the Federal Hospital Insurance and Federal Supplementary Medical Insurance Trust Funds (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, May 2011), 4.
63. Congressional Budget Office, The Budget and Economic Outlook: Fiscal Years 2010 to 2020.
64. “Financial Condition of Social Security,” Peter G. Peterson Foundation, June 6, 2011, http://www.pgpf.org/Issues/Fiscal-Outlook/2011/06/The-Financial-Condition-of-Social-Security.aspx?p=1 (July 14, 2011).
65. Richard S. Foster, “Statement of Actuarial Opinion,” 2011 Federal Hospital Insurance Trustees Report, 266.
66. 2011 Federal Hospital Insurance Trustees Report, 52.
67. Franklin D. Roosevelt, “State of the Union Message to Congress,” Jan. 11, 1944, http://www.fdrlibrary.marist.edu/archives/address_text.html (July 14, 2011).
68. Levin, Liberty and Tyranny, 102, citing Harry Truman, “Annual Message to the Congress on the State of the Union,” January 7, 1948, http://www.c-span.org/executive/transcript.asp?cat=bush_admin&year=1948.
69. Frank Newport, “Americans Expect Health Bill to Mainly Help Poor, Uninsured,” Gallup, March 19, 2010, http://www.gallup.com/poll/126812/Americans-Expect-Health-Bill-Mainly-Help-Poor-Uninsured.aspx?version=print (July 14, 2011).
70. Peter Roff, “Pelosi: Pass Health Reform So You Can Find Out What’s In It,” U.S. News & World Report, Politics blog, March 9, 2010, http://www.usnews.com/opinion/blogs/peter-roff/2010/03/09/pelosi-pass-health-reform-so-you-can-find-out-whats-in-it (July 14, 2011).
71. Thomas Jefferson, “Letter to James Madison,” The Debate on the Constitution (New York: Library of America, 1993), 213.
72. Shailagh Murray, “Bill Clinton urges Senate Democrats to quickly pass health-care reform,” Washington Post, Nov. 11, 2009, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/11/10/AR2009111017413.html (July 14, 2011).
73. Barack Obama, “Remarks By the President at the Annual Conference of the American Medical Association,” June 15, 2009, http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/remarks-president-annual-conference-american-medical-association (July 14, 2011).
74. Shubham Singhal, Jeris Stueland, and Drew Ungerman, “How U.S. health care reform will affect employee benefits,” McKinsey Quarterly, June 2011, http://www.mckinseyquarterly.com/How_US_health_care_reform_will_affect_employee_benefits_2813 (July 14, 2011).
75. Obama, “AMA Remarks.”
76. Ibid.
77. Martin Feldstein, “ObamaCare Is All About Rationing,” Wall Street Journal, August 18, 2009, http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970204683204574358233780260914.html (July 14, 2011).
78. “Editorial: ObamaCare’s Costs Just Keep Rising,” Investors Business Daily, April 20, 2011, http://www.investors.com/NewsAndAnalysis/Article/569810/201104201922/ObamaCares-Costs-Are-Rising.aspx (July 14, 2011).
79. “Editorial: Obamacare’s casualties: 800,000 jobs,” Washington Times, Feb. 11, 2011, http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2011/feb/11/obamacares-casualties-800000–jobs/ (July 14, 2011).
80. Douglas W. Emendorf, Director, Congressional Budget Office, “Letter to Honorable Jerry Lewis,” May 11, 2010, http://www.cbo.gov/ftpdocs/114xx/doc11490/LewisLtr_HR3590.pdf (July 14, 2011).
81. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M7Ofgb4PDwY.
82. Benjamin Domenech, “CMS Nominee Donald Berwick’s Radical Agenda,” Heartland Institute, May 12, 2010, http://www.heartland.org/healthpolicy-news.org/article/27630/CMS_Nominee_Donald_Berwicks_Radical_Agenda.html (July 14, 2011).
83. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OoqI5PSRcXM.
84. Conn Carroll, “Morning Bell: Obamacare’s Failed First Year,” Heritage Foundation, The Foundry blog, March 23, 2011, http://blog.heritage.org/2011/03/23/morning-bell-obamacares-failed-first-year/ (July 14, 2011).
85. Chris Jaarda, “ObamaCare’s Advanced Appropriations Put Government Takeover on Auto-Pilot,” American Healthcare Education Coalition, Nov. 30, 2010, http://healthcare-coalition.org/_blog/Prescription_For_Disaster/post/ObamaCare%27s_Advanced_Appropriations_Put_Gov%27t_Takeover_on_Auto-Pilot/ (July 14, 2011).
86. Peter Ferrara, “The Obamacare Disaster: An Appraisal of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act,” Heartland Policy Study #128, Heartland Institute, Chicago, 2010, v.
87. Curtis W. Copeland, “New Entities Created Pursuant to the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act,” Congressional Research Service, July 8, 2010, 2.
88. PPACA, Section 1501.
89. U.S. Constitution, Art. I, Section 6.
1. David Miller, Popper Selections (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1985), 340.
2. Benjamin Franklin, Writings (New York: Penguin, 1997), 1140.
3. Richard Stengel, “One Document, Under Siege,” Time, June 23, 2011, http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,2079445,00.html (July 17, 2011).
4. Richard Cohen, “Republicans Under Spell,” Washington Post, Sept. 21, 2010, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/09/20/AR2010092004256.html (July 17, 2011).
5. Thomas Jefferson, “The Usurpation of Supreme Court,” (June 12, 1823, Letter to William Johnson), The Complete Jefferson, Saul K. Padover, ed. (New York: Duell, Sloan & Pearce, 1943) 322.
6. Thomas Friedman, “Our One-Party Democracy,” New York Times, Sept. 8, 2009, http://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/09/opinion/09friedman.html (July 17, 2011).
7. Hayek, Fatal Conceit, 167.