Here is a list of useful references and books if you want to find out more about hormones. I’ve highlighted [in bold] those that are for the average reader. Science papers can be accessed through PubMed (www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov). The heavyweight textbooks that I used (with a hoist) throughout were:
Wass, J. and Shalet, S., Oxford Textbook of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Oxford University Press, 2002
Besser, M. and Thorner, M., Comprehensive Clinical Endocrinology, Mosby, 2002
Brook, C. and Marshall, N., Essential Endocrinology, 2002 This is a thinnish large-size paperback, intended for medical students, but the book I’d recommend if you are serious about understanding hormones.
Alternatively, the following is cheaper and a tad more accessible.
Neal, M., How the Endocrine System Works, Blackwell Science, 2001
If you want self-help books about specific diseases such as diabetes or thyroid, I would recommend the books by endocrinologist Alan Rubin, Thyroid for Dummies and Diabetes for Dummies (both published by Wiley). As for the rarer endocrine diseases, Contact a Family has an international website www.cafamily.org.uk and its comprehensive directory of self-help groups includes many representing those with hormone disorders. These specialist groups are best able to direct you to good sources of relevant literature.
The Endocrine Society (of America) has a large patient information section on its website www.endo-society.org/
The Society for Endocrinology (http://www.endo-society.org/) is the British association for those working in the field. Its website is mainly for professional use.
Rose, S., The Chemistry of Life, Penguin, 2004
This is an introductory text to biochemistry. It’s very good.
ONE
A BLUFFER’S GUIDE TO HORMONES
Borrell, Merriley, ‘Setting the standards for a new science: Edward Schaefer and endocrinology’ Med Hist 22: 282–290, 1978
Long Hall, Diana, ‘The critic and the advocate: contrasting British view on the state of endocrinology in the early 1920s’, J Hist Biol 9: 269–285, 1976
Medvei, V.C., The History of Clinical Endocrinology, Parthenon, 1993
Needham J., Science and Civilisation in China (Vol. 6 of History of Medicine), Cambridge Press, 2000
Rolleston, Sir Humphrey Davy, Endocrine Organs in Health and Disease: with a Historical Review, OUP, 1936
HORMONE EXPLOSIONS 1: Attraction, Sex and Babies
Amateau S.K., and McCarthy, M., ‘Induction of PGE2 by estradiol mediates developmental masculinization of sex behavior’, Nat Neurosci (6): 643–50, Epub, 2004
Baker, R., Sperm Wars, Fourth Estate, 1996
Baron Cohen, S., The Essential Difference, Penguin, 2003 Women will want to talk about this book, whilst men will sit silent and brood. It explains Baron Cohen’s theory about Asperger’s syndrome being an extreme example of the male brain type. Beautifully written, persuasive and evidence based.
Bartels, A., and Zeki, S., ‘The neural basis of romantic love’, Neuroreport 11 (17): 3829–34, 2000
Bartels, A., and Zeki, S., ‘The neural correlates of maternal and romantic love’, NeuroImage 21: 1155–66, 2004
Blackledge, C., The Story of V, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2003 I love this book, which is a fascinating exploration of the science and culture of female pleasure.
Cooper, P., and Murray, L., Postnatal depression, BMJ 316: 1884–6, 1998
Davison, S., ‘Changes in androgen levels across the adult female life cycle’, Presentation to 86th Annual Endocrine Society Meeting, 2004
Davison, S., ‘Androgens in women’, J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 85 (2–5): 363–6, 2003
Delbarco-Trillo, J., and Ferkin, M., ‘Male mammals respond to a risk of sperm competition conveyed by odours of conspecific males’, Nature 431(7007): 446–9, 2004
Dickinson, H., ‘Sex ratio in relation to father’s occupation’, Occup Environ Med 54 (12): 868–72, 1997
‘Breast feeding alters LH secretion patterns’, [no authors listed], Family Planning Today 3: (1) 2, 1992
Fernandez, N., et al, ‘A critical review of the role of the major histocompatibility complex in fertilization, preimplantation development and feto-maternal interactions’, Human Reproduction Update, Vol. 5, No. 3: 234–48, 1999
Fisher, H., et al, ‘Defining the brain systems of lust, romantic attraction and attachment’, Arch Sex Behav 31 (5): 413–419, 2002
Gallup, G., ‘Does semen have antidepressant properties?’, Arch Sex Behav (3):289–93, 2002
Gangestad, S., et al, ‘Changes in women’s sexual interests and their partner's mate-retention tactics across the menstrual cycle: evidence for shifting conflicts of interest’, Proc R Soc B 269: 975–82, 2002
Grant, V., ‘Achieving women and declining sex ratios’, Hum Biol 75 (6): 917–27, 2003
Grant, V., ‘Maternal dominance hypothesis: questioning Trivers and Willard’, Evol Psychol 1: 96–107, 2003
Grazyna, J., et al, ‘Large breasts and narrow waists indicate high reproductive potential in women’ Proc R Soc Lond B 271: 1213–17, 2004
Gurdon, J., and Hopwood, N., ‘The introduction of Xenopus laevis into developmental biology: of empire, pregnancy testing and ribosomal genes’ Int J Dev Biol 44: 43–50, 2000
Harder, J., ‘Male pheromone stimulates ovarian follicular development and body growth in juvenile female opossums’, Reprod Bio Endocrinol 11 (1): 21, 2003
Hughes, I., ‘Female development – all by default?’, NEJM 351: 8 748–50, 2004
Hytten, F., The Clinical Physiology of the Puerperium, Farrand Press, 1995
James, W. H., ‘Hormonal control of sex ratio’, J Theor Biol 118 (4): 427–41, 1986
James, W. H., ‘Further evidence that mammalian sex ratios at birth are partially controlled by parental hormone levels around the time of conception’, Hum Reprod 19 (6): 1250–6, 2004
Johns, S., ‘Subjective life expectancy predicts offspring sex in a contemporary British population’, Biology Letters Proc R Soc Lond B, online supplement, 2004
Kalamis, C., Women without Sex, Self Help Direct, 1997
Lim, M., et al, ‘Enhanced partner preference in a promiscuous species by manipulating the expression of a single gene’, Nature 429: 754–57, 2004
Lim, M., et al, ‘The role of vasopressin the genetic and neural regulation of monogamy’, J Neuroendocrinol (16): 325–32, 2004
Lloyd, M., ‘Birth sex ratios and prostatic cancer in butchers’, Lancet 561, 1987
Lythgoe, M., ‘Is this the one’ BBC3 series Science of love: the chemical bond?, 2004
Maguire, G., ‘Prolactin elevation with antipsychotic medications’, J Clin Psych 63 (suppl 4), 2002
Manning, J., Digit Ratio: A pointer to fertility, behaviour and health, Rutgers University Press, 2002
Milham, S., ‘Unusual sex ratio of births to carbon setter fathers’, Am J Ind Med 23 (5): 829–31, 1993
Neave, N., ‘Second to fourth digit ratio, testosterone and perceived male dominance’, Proc R Soc Lond B 270: 2167–72, 2003
Ober, C., ‘HLA and mate choice in humans’, Am J Hum Genet 61 (3): 494–6, 1997
Russell, J., ‘Brain preparations for maternity: adaptive changes in behavioural and neuroendocrine systems during pregnancy and lactation – an overview’, Prog Brain Res 133: 1–38, 2001
Storey, A., et al, ‘Hormonal correlates of paternal responsiveness in new and expectant fathers’, Evol Hum Behav 21(2): 79–95, 2000
‘Why do some men experience pregnancy symptoms when their wives are pregnant?’ Scientific American, August, 2004
Tannahill, R., Sex in History, Abacus, 1989
Trivers, R. L., and Willard D. E. ‘Natural selection of parental ability to vary the sex ratio of offspring’, Science 179: 90–92, 1973
Ungerfeld, R., ‘Overview of the response of aneostrous ewes to the ram effect’, Reprod Fertil Dev 16 (4): 479–90, 2004
Wahl, R., ‘Could oxytocin administration during labor contribute to autism and related behavioural disorders?’, Med Hypotheses 63 (3): 456–60, 2004
Wedekind, C., et al, ‘MHC-dependent mate preference in humans’, Proc R Sco Lond B 260: 245–9, 1995
Winslow, J., ‘The social deficits of the oxytocin knockout mouse’ Neuropeptides 36 (2-3): 221–9, 2002
Ziegler, A., et al, ‘Possible roles for products of polymorphic MHC and linked olfactory receptor genes during selection processes in reproduction’ Am J Reprod Immunol 48 (1): 34–42, 2002
HORMONE EXPLOSIONS: The Teenage Years
Apter, D., ‘The role of leptin in female adolescence’ Ann NY Acad Sci 997: 64–76, 2003
Bernhardt, P., and Dabbs, J., ‘Testosterone changes during vicarious experiences of winning and losing among fans at sporting events’, Physiol Behav 65 (1): 59–62, 1998
Dabbs, J., ‘Testosterone and occupational choice: actors, ministers and other men’, J Pers Soc Psychol 59 (6) 1261–5, 1990
Dabbs, J., ‘Salivary testosterone and cortisol among late adolescent male offenders’, J Abnorm Child Psychol 19 (4): 469–78, 1991
Dahl, R., ‘Beyond Raging Hormones: the tinderbox in the teenage brain’, Cerebrum The Dana Forum on Brain Science 5: 3, 2003
Garnett, S. P., ‘Relation between hormones and body composition, including bone, in prepubertal children’, Am J Clin Nutr 80 (4): 966–72, 2004
Giedd, J. N., ‘Structural magnetic resonance imaging of the adolescent brain’, Ann NY Acad Sci 1021: 105–9, 2004
Gogaty, N., and Giedd, J., et al, ‘Dynamic mapping of human cortical development during childhood through early adulthood’, PNAS 101 (21): 8174–9, 2004
Hallre, J., et al, ‘Chronic glucocorticoid defiency-induced abnormal aggression, autonomic hyperarousal and social deficit in rats’, J Neuroendocrinol 16 (6): 550–7
Hull, K., Harvey, S., ‘Growth hormone therapy and Quality of Life: possibilities, pitfalls and mechanisms’, Journal of Endocrinology 179: 311–33, 2003
Kruk, M., et al, ‘Fast positive feedback between the adrenocortical stress response and a brain mechanism involved in aggressive behaviour’, Behav Neurosci 118 (5): 1062–70,2004
Marmot, Sir Michael, The Status Syndrome, Bloomsbury, 2004
Mazur, A., and Booth, A., ‘Testosterone and dominance in men’, Behav Brain Sci 21(3): 353–63, 1998
McGivern, R., et al, ‘Cognitive efficiency on a match to sample task decreases at the onset of puberty in children’, Brain Cogn 50(1): 73–89, 2002
Parent, A., et al, ‘The timing of normal puberty and the age limits of sexual precocity: variations around the world, secular trends and changes after migration’, Endocrine Reviews 24 (5): 668–93, 2003
Park, S., ‘Age related changes in the regulation of luteinising hormone secretion by estrogen in women’, Exp Biol Med 227: 455–64, 2002
Pinker, S., How the Mind Works, Allen Lane, 1998 Simply a fantastic, engrossing, wonderful book. Read it.
Rowe, R., et al, ‘Testosterone, antisocial behavior, and social dominance in boys: pubertal development and biosocial interaction’, Biol PsychiatryMar 1: 55 (5): 546–52, 2004
Saluja, G., et al, ‘Prevalence of and risk factors for depressive symptoms among young adolescents’, Arch Pediatr Adolesc Me 158 (8): 760–5, 2004
Sapolsky, R. M., and Freeman, W. H., Why Zebras Don’t get Ulcers: A guide to stress, stress related disease and coping, (W. H. Freeman), 1998
Sapolsky, R. M., The Trouble with Testosterone, Simon & Schuster, 1998
Seminara, S. B., et al, ‘The GPR54 Gene as a regulator of puberty’, NEJM 349: 1614–27, 2003
Varrotti, A., et al, ‘Serum leptin levels in girls with precocious puberty’, Diabetes Nutr Metab 16 (2): 125–9, 2003
Zadik, Z., et al, ‘Vitamin A and iron supplementation is as efficient as hormonal therapy in constitutionally delayed children’, Clin Endocrinol 60(6): 682–7, 2004
FOUR
HORMONES AND THE ENVIRONMENT
Colborn, T., et al, Our Stolen Future: Are We Threatening Our Own Fertility, Intelligence, and Survival? – A Scientific Detective Story, E P Dutton, 1996
Also, very comprehensive website at www.ourstolenfuture.org
Cadbury, D., The Feminisation of Nature, Hamish Hamilton, 1997
Committee on Toxicity of Chemicals in Food, Consumer Products and the Environment COT statement on adverse trends in development of the male reproductive system – potential chemical causes, 2004
www.advisorybodies.doh.gov.uk/cot/
Cornell University Program on Breast Cancer and Environmental Risk Factors in New York State (BCERF). Wide range of information sheets.
www.envirocancer.cornell.edu
CREDO, Cluster on research into endocrine disruption in Europe, ‘Endocrine disruption: the problem’, 2004
www.credocluster.info
Defra, Endocrine Disruption in the Marine Environment (EDMAR) Report, 2002
www.defra.gov.uk/environment/chemicals/hormone/report.htm
Durdodie, B., ‘Gender bending chemicals: facts and fiction’, 2004, Spiked Science
www.spiked-online.com
Environment Agency, ‘No going back for sex-change fish’, 2004
www.environment-agency/gov.uk/news/821453
European Union, Health and Consumer Protection Directorate General, Food and Feed Safety – hormones in meat, 2004
http://europa.eu.int/comm/dgs/health_consumer/index_en.htm
Fisher, J., ‘Environmental anti-androgens and male reproductive health: focus on phthalates and testicular dysgenesis syndrome’, Reproduction 127: 305–15, 2004
Joffe, M., ‘Decreased fertility in Britain compared with Finland’, Lancet 348 (9027): 616, 1996
Joffe, M., ‘Are problems with male reproductive health caused by endocrine disruption?’, Occup Environ Med 58: 281, 2001
Joffe, M., ‘Infertility and environmental pollutants’, British Medical Bulletin 68: 47–70, 2003
Johnson, A., and Sumpter, J., ‘Removal of endocrine-disrupting chemicals in activated sludge treatment works’, Environmental Science & Technology, 35: 24 4697, 2001
Johnson, A., and Williams, R., ‘A model to estimate influent and effluent concentrations of estradiol, estrone and ethinylestradiol at sewage treatment works’, Env Sci Technol 38, 3649–58, 2004
Moggs, Ashby, Tinwell, et al, ‘The need to decide if all estrogens are intrinsically similar’, Environmental Health Perspectives 112: 11 1137–41, 2004
Mueller, S., et al, ‘Phytoestrogens and their human metabolites show distrinct agonistic and antagonistic properties on estrogen receptor alpha and estrogen receptor beta in human cells’, Toxicological Sciences 80; 14–25, 2004
Norberg, K., ‘Partnership Status and the Human Sex Ratio at Birth’ Proc. R Sco. Lond B Biol. Sci, 271 (1555): 2403–10, 2004
Pedersen, J., et al, ‘Human pharmaceuticals, hormones and personal care product ingredients in runoff from agricultural fields irrigated with treated wastewater’, presented to 228th American Chemical Society meeting, 2004
Royal Society, ‘Endocrine disrupting chemicals’, 2000
www.royalsoc.ac.uk/policy/index.html
Sharpe, R. M., and Skakkebaek N. E., ‘Are oestrogens involved in falling sperm counts and disorders of the male reproductive tract?’, Lancet 341(8857):1392–5, 1993
Sharpe, R. M., and Franks, S., ‘Environment, lifestyle and infertility – an inter-generational issue’, Nat Med. Suppl: S33–40, 2002
Sharpe, R. M., ‘How strong is the evidence of a link between environmental chemicals and adverse effects on human reproductive health?’ BMJ 328 447–51, 2004
Shaw, I., and McCully, S., ‘A review of the poential impact of dietary endocrine disruptors on the consumer’, International Journal of Food Science and Technology 37: 471–6. 2002
Toledano, M. B., et al, ‘Temporal trends in orchidoplexy, Great Britain 1992-1998’, Environmental Health Perspectives: 111 (1): 129–32, 2003
Turner, K., ‘Oestrogens, environmental oestrogens and male reproduction’, Issues in Environmental science and technology 12: Endocrine disrupting chemicals, Royal Society of Chemistry
Wakefield, J., ‘Boys won’t be boys’, New Scientist 174: 2349: 41, 2002
FIVE
HORMONE EXPLOSIONS 3: Hormones as Tyrants
Backstrom, T., et al, ‘The role of hormones and hormonal treatments in premenstrual syndrome’, CNS Drugs 17 (5): 325–42, 2003
Cutler, W. B., ‘Lunar influences on the reproductive cycle in women’, Hum Biol. 59(6):959–72, 1987
Farrow, A., ‘Prolonged use of oral contraception before planned pregnancy is associated with decreased risk of delayed contraception, Hum Reprod 17 (101: 2754–61, 2002
Friedman, R., (ed.), Behaviour and the Menstrual Cycle, Marcel Dekker, 1982
Gardner, K., Premenstrual Syndrome, in ‘Women’s Health’, Oxford General Practice Series 39, OUP, 1997
Guillebaud, J., Contraception, Your Questions Answered, Churchill Livingstone, 2004
Encyclopaedic book, in question and answer format and in my opinion, the source of information on which to base decisions about hormonal contraception.
Harris, C., PCOS, A Woman’s Guide to Dealing with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Harris C, Thorson, 2000
A very good practical guide to help women with PCOS
Henzl, M. R., ‘Avoiding menstruation: a review of health and lifestyle issues’, J Reprod Med 49 (3): 162–74, 2004
Law, S. P., ‘The regulation of the menstrual cycle and its relationship to the moon’ Acta Obstet Gynecol Scan 65 (1): 45–8, 1986
Legato, M., Eve’s Rib, Harmony Books, 2002
This is an interesting book from a leader in the field of gender specific medicine
McClintock, M. K., ‘Menstrual synchrony and suppression’ Nature 229 224–45, 1971
Redig, M., ‘Yams of fortune: the (uncontrolled) birth of oral contraceptives’ Journal of Young Investigators 6 :(7), 2003
www.jyi.org
Rees, M., The Menstrual Cycle, in ‘Women’s Health’, Oxford General Practice Series 39, OUP, 1997
Rowland, A., et al, ‘Influence of medical conditions and lifestyle factors on the menstrual cycle’, Epidemiology 13: 668–74, 2002
Shank, J., ‘Avoiding synchrony as a strategy of female mate choice’, Psychol Life Sci 8 (2): 147–76, 2004
Snider, S., ‘The pill: thirty years of health concerns’, FDA online, 1990
Snowden, C., et al, Patterns and Perceptions of Menstruation: a WHO international collaborative study, WHO, 1983
Stern, K., and McClintock, M., ‘Regulation of ovulation by human pheromones’ Nature 392 171–79, 1998
Strassman, B., ‘Menstrual synchrony pheromones: cause for doubt’, Human Reprod 14: (3) 579–80, 1999
Symonds, C., et al, ‘Effects of the menstrual cycle on mood, neurocognitive and neuroendocrine function in healthy premenopausal women’ Psychol Med 34 (1): 93–102, 2004
Trevathan, W. R., ‘No evidence for menstrual synchrony in lesbian couples’, Psychoneuroend 18 (5–6): 425–35, 1993
Veith, J. L., et al, ‘Exposure to men influences the occurrence of ovulation in women’, Physiol Behav 31 (3): 313–5, 1983
Vollman, R. F., The Menstrual Cycle, W. H. Saunders, 1977
Weller, K., ‘Menstrual synchrony: only in roomates who are close friends?’ Physiol Behav 58 (5): 883–9, 1995
SIX
HORMONE CRASHES
Allan, C., and McLachlan, R., ‘Age related changes in testosterone and the role of replacement therapy in older men’, R Clin Endocrinol 60: 653–70, 2004
Bandolier, ‘Tamoxifen: trials tribulations and truths’, 1998
www.jr2.ox.ac.uk/bandolier
Bastian, H., ‘Promoting drugs through hairdressers: is nothing sacred?’, Reviews (Press), BMJ 325: 1180, 2002
BCERF (Cornell University Programme on Breast Cancer and Environmental Risk Factors in New York State), ‘Understanding breast cancer rates, 2004; ‘Estrogen and breast cancer risk: what is the relationship?’; ‘Phytoestrogens and the risk of breast cancer’, 2004
www.environcancer.edu.cornell
Beral, V., ‘Hormones and Breast Cancer’, Cancer Research UK Scientific Yearbook 2002–03, 2003
‘Soya supplements do not protect against menopause changes’, BMJ 329: 68, 2004
Boothby, L. A., et al, ‘Bioidentical hormone therapy: a review’ Menopause 11 (3): 356–67, 2004
British Menopause Society, ‘Termination of the estrogen alone arm of the WHI’; ‘Further confusion in postmenopausal health: SCSM message 3.12.2003 on HRT in the prevention of osteoporosis’ (2003); ‘The Million Women Study and Breast Cancer’, (2003)
www.the-bms.org
Cancer Research UK, Breast Cancer Factsheet, 2004
Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast Cancer, ‘Alcohol, tobacco and breast cancer – collaborative reanalysis of individual data from 53 epidemiological studies, including 58,515 women with breast cancer and 95,067 women without the disease’, British Journal of Cancer: 1234–45, 2002
Coney, S., The Menopause Industry: How the Medical Establishment Exploits Women, Hunter House Inc, 1994
Consumer Lab, ‘Product review: phytoestrogens - soy and red clover isoflavones’, 2001
www.consumerlab.com
Dalais, F., et al, ‘Effects of a diet rich in phytoestrogens on prostate specific antibodies and sex hormones in men diagnosed with prostate cancer’, Urology 64 (3): 510–5, 2004
Greer, Germaine, The Change, Hamish Hamilton, 1991
Hoberman, J., and Yesalis, C., ‘The history of synthetic testosterone’, Scientific American, February 1995
Jeffrey, A., and Tice, J., et al, ‘Phytoestrogen supplements for the treatment of hot flashes: the ICE study’ JAMA: 290: 207–214, 2003
Lydeking-Olsen, E., et al, ‘Soymilk or progesterone for prevention of bone loss: a two year randomised, placebo controlled trial’, European Journal of Nutrition (43 (4): 246–57, August 2004
McPherson, K., ‘Where are we now with hormone replacement therapy’, BMJ 328: 357–58, 2004
Million Women Study Collaborators’ ‘Breast cancer and HRT in the the Million Women Study’ Lancet (362); 419–427 [mutiple authors], 2003
Minelli, C., and Abrams, K., et al, ‘Benefits and harms associated with HRT: clinical decision analysis’, BMJ 328: 371–410, 2004
Morley, J., and Jacobs, H., ‘Male Menopause: fact or fiction’, Medical Crossfire Vol 3, No 1, 2001
Randal, J., ‘Menopause is “by no means confined to the woman” doctor said’, News, Journal of the National Cancer Institute 94 (15) 1117, 2002
Rees, M., ‘Managing Postmenopausal health’, Journal of the British Menopause Society Supplement 2003
Rymer, J., et al, ‘Making decisions about hormone replacement therapy’, BMJ 326: 322–26, 2003
Schultheiss, D., ‘Some historical reflections on the ageing male’, World J Urol 20: 40–44, 2002
Schultheiss, D., ‘Frank Lydston revisited’, World J Urol 21: 356–63, 2003
Scientific American, ‘Menopause and the brain’, 1998
Taffe, J., et al, ‘Time to the final menstrual period’, Fertil Steril. 78(2): 397–403, 2002
Wallace, W. H., and Kelsey, T. W., ‘Ovarian reserve and reproductive age may be determined from the measurement of ovarian volume by transvaginal sonography’, Hum Reprod 19 (7): 1612–7, 2004
Writing Group for the Women's Health Initiative Investigators, ‘Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestorone in healthy post-menopausal women’, JAMA 288: 321–333, 2002
Van der Schouw, Dr Y., et al, ‘Effect of soy protein containing isoflavones on cognitive function, bone mineral density, and plasma lipids in postmenopausal women’, JAMA 292: 65–74, 2004
EIGHT
HORMONES MAKE YOU FAT
BASF Pharma, Reductil: product monograph, 1999
Brogio, F., et al, ‘Endocrine and non-endocrine actions of ghrelin’, Horm Res 59 (3) 109–17, 2003
Bulent, O., et al, ‘Alterations in the dynamics of circulating ghrelin, adiponectin and leptin in human obesity’, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 101(28): 10434–9. Epub 2004
Farooqi, S., et al. ‘Effects of recombinant leptin therapy in a child with congenital leptin deficiency’, NEJM 341 879–84, 1999
Garner, M., and Wooley, C., ‘Confronting the failure of behavioural and dietary treatments for obesity’, Clin Psych Review 11: 729–80, 1991
Montague, C. T., and Farooqi, S., et al, ‘Congenital leptin deficiency is associated with severe early onset obesity in humans’, Nature 387: 903–8, 1997
Neary, N., et al, ‘Ghrelin increases energy intake in cancer patients with impaired appetite: acute, randomised, placebo controlled trial’, J Clin Endocrinol Metab 89 (6): 2832–6, 2004
Ruppel Shell, E., The Hungry Gene, Atlantic, 2002
This book, billed as the science of fat and the future of thin is a great read and outlines the history of recent obesity research.
Small, C., and Bloom, S., ‘Gut hormones and the control of appetite’, Trends Endocrinol Metab 15 (6): 259–63, 2004
Staffieri, J. R., ‘A study of social stereotype of body image in children’, J Pers Soc Psychol, 7(1):101–4, September 1967
Wynne, K., Stanley, S., and Bloom, S., ‘The gut and regulation of body weight’, J Clin Endocrinol Metab 89 (6): 2576–82, 2004
Zhang, Y., et al, ‘Positional cloning of the mouse obese gene and its human homologue’, Nature 372: 425–32, 1994
NINE
HORMONES AS CLOCKS
Barianga, M., ‘Setting the human clock: technique challenged’, Science 297 (5581): 505, 2002
Campbell, S., and Murphy, P., ‘Extraocular circadian phototransduction in humans’, Science 279 (5349): 333–4, 1998
Foster, R., and Kreitzman, L., Rhythms of Life: the biological clocks that control the daily lives of every living thing, Profile Books, 2004
Glickman, G., et al, ‘Ocular input for human melatonin regulation: relevance to breast cancer’, Neuro Endocrinol Lett 23 Suppl 2: 17–22, 2002
Matell, M., and Meck, W., ‘Neuropsychological mechanisms of interval timing behaviour’, BioEssays 22 (1) 94–103, 2000
Melton, L., ‘Rhythm and blues’, New Scientist 166: 2241, 2000
Palmer, J., The Living Clock, OUP, 2002
Rao, S., et al, ‘The evolution of brain activation during temporal processing’, Nature Neuroscience 4 (3) 317–23, 2001
Reiter, R., ‘Mechanistic insights into possible links between electric power, melatonin, biological rhythms and leukaemia’, Children with Leukaemia conference, September 2004
Schernhammer, E., et al, ‘Epidemiology of urinary melatonin in women and its relation to other hormones and night work’, Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 13 (6): 936–43, 2004
Smolensky, M., The body clock guide to better health: how to use your body's natural clock to fight illness and achieve maximum health, Henry Holt, 2000
Wright, K., ‘The Times of our Lives’, Scientific American, theme supplement, September 2002
Wright, K., ‘Absence of circadian phase resettting in response to bright light behind the knees’, Science 297 (5581): 571, 2002
TEN
HORMONES FOR ETERNITY
Barrett, S., ‘Growth Hormone Scams’, 2003
www.quackwatch.org
Bahrke, M., and Yesalis, ‘Psychological and behavioural effects of endogenous testosterone levels and anabolic-androgenic steroids amongst males’, Sports Med 10 (5): 303–37, 1990
Bang, H., et al, ‘Comparative studies on level of androgens in hair and plasma with premature male-pattern baldness’, J Dermatol Sci, 34 (1): 6–11, 2004
Christiansen, K., ‘Behavioural effects of androgen in men and women’, J Endocrinol 170: 39–48, 2001
Coles, S., ‘Aging: the reality’; ‘The demography of human supercentenarians’, Journals of Gerontology 59: B579–86, 2004
Consumer Lab, Product review: DHEA supplements, 2002
www.consumerlab.com
Drazen, J., ‘Inappropriate advertising of dietary supplements’, NEJM 348:777–8, 2003
‘Medical aspects of drug use in the gym’, Drug and Therapeutics Bulletin 42 (1), 2004
Fussell, S., Muscle: Confessions of an Unlikely Bodybuilder, (Poseidon), 1991
Fabulous funny book which describes what it’s like to become a Mr Universe, drugs and all.
Gosden, R., Cheating Time: Science, sex and ageing, MacMillan, 1996
This is a wonderful book, written with great style by a scientist absolutely engaged with his subject.
Hinson, J., Raven, P., ‘DHEA deficiency syndrome: a new term for old age?’, J Endocrinol 163 1–5, 1999
Hoberman, J., and Yesalis, ‘The history of synthetic testosterone’, Scientific American, February 1995
Kaufman, K., ‘Androgens and alopecia’, Mol Cell Endocrinol 198 (1–2): 89–95, 2002
Lee, R. A., The Bizarre Careers of John R Brinkley, University of Kentucky Press, 2002
A novel based on Brinkley’s life would be dismissed as fanciful. Extraordinary.
McAllan, B., et al, ‘Seasonal changes in the reproductive anatomy of male Antechinus stuartii’, J Morph 231 (3): 261-75, 1999
Mobbs, C., and Hof, P., (Eds), Functional Endocrinology of Ageing, Karger, 1998
Oakwood, M., ‘Death after sex’, Biologist 51 (1), 2004
Rennie, M. J., ‘Claims for the anabolic effects of growth hormone: a case of the Emperor’s new clothes?’, Br J Sports Med 37: 100–105, 2003
Rudman, D., et al, ‘Effects of human growth hormone in men over 60 years old’, NEJM 323: 1–6, 1990
Schwartz, T. B., ‘Henry Harrower and the Turbulent Beginnings of Endocrinology’, Annals of Internal Medicine, 131 (9): 702–706, 1999
Skerret, P. J., ‘DHEA: ignore the hype’, 1996
www.quackwatch.org
Takala, J., et al, ‘Increased mortality associated with growth hormone treatment in critically ill adults’, NEJM 342 (11): 785–92, 1999
Vance, M. L., ‘Can growth hormone prevent aging’, NEJM 348: 779–80, 2003
Ysalis, C., and Bahrke, M., ‘Anabolic-androgenic steroids and related substances’, Curr Sports Med Rep 1 (4): 246–52, 2002
TEN
THE REIGN OF HORMONES IN THE FUTURE
Lamberts, S., et al, ‘The future endocrine patient: reflections on the future of clinical endocrinology’, Eur J Endocrinol 149: 169–175, 2003
