Index

“A” (Zukofsky), 11, 12, 69, 73, 83–84, 85–86, 90, 108–9, 112, 128, 142n

Abram, David, 112–13

Adams, Henry, 176n

Adorno, Theodor, 37

“Against Wisdom As Such” (Olson), 168

Agee, James, 37

Alamogordo, 25

alchemy, 84, 87, 95, 114. See also hermetic lore; hieros gamos; nigredo

Alcheringa (Rothenberg), 44n

Alcosser, Sandra, 21n

alieniloquiam, 8. See also muse

Allen, Donald M., 45n

Altamira, 39. See also Paleolithic

America : as moral struggle, 23, 29–33, 196–97;

as New World, 24–26, 28, 30, 142n

Americans, as last “first people,” 187

Ammons, A. R., 16, 94, 147

“Corsons Inlet,” 61–62

Anderson, Edgar, 21, 44

Andrews, Bruce, 45n

Lip Service, 134n

angel, 103, 147, 194n

animal, 19, 52, 77–82, 128, 176. See also hunting; predatory, the

archaic, the, 14, 43–47, 48, 122, 179, 199

archive, the, 16–17, 18–19, 165

Aristotle, 115, 169

Ark (Johnson), 83

Arnold, Matthew, 16

“Art of the Elegant Footnote, The” (Sanders), xi

Artaud, Antonin, 81

Ashbery, John, 61, 65

“Litany,” 79

“Self Portrait in a Convex Mirror,” 88

“As I Ebb’d with the Ocean of Life” (Whitman), 56, 114

Athena, 84

Atlan, Henri, 4

Atlantis, 88–89

Auden, W. H., 6

“Aurignacian Summation” (Eshleman), 146

Auschwitz, 37

autopoeisis, 4, 168

Aztec, 39

“Backward Glance O’er Travel’d Roads” (Whitman), 2

Barthes, Roland, xii

Bateson, Gregory, 3

Beasts of the Modern Imagination (Norris), 77n

Beckett, Samuel, 159

Being, 34–35. See also history

Benjamin, Walter, 24n

Bernstein, Charles, 45n

Berry, Wendell, 3, 9, 10

Berryman, John, 6

Bible, 16, 19, 40, 50, 105n

“Bibliography on America for Ed Dorn” (Olson), 44

Bierstadt, Albert, 3

biocentric imagination. See Norris, Margot

Blackburn, Paul, 14

Black Mountain, 4, 22

Blaser, Robin, 45n, 82n, 115–16, 186

The Holy Forest, 163

“Image–Nations,” 73

Blood, Benjamin Paul, 175

Boer, Charles, 14

Bohm, David, 110n

“Book of the Dead” (Rukeyser), 37

Borges, Jorge Luis, 42, 95n, 97n, 170

Bottom : On Shakespeare (Zukofsky), 45n, 140

Bova, Ben, 122n

Breton, Andre, 142

Brown, G. Spencer, 44, 101

Brown, Norman O., 186

Buchenwald, 39, 158

“Burden of Set, The” (Lansing), 44–45

Burke, Kenneth, 7

Byrd, Don, 11, 90, 190

The Poetics of the Common Knowledge, 4n

Calasso, Roberto, 46

Call Me Ishmael (Olson), 45n

canontology, 34–35. See also history

Cantos, The (Pound), 9, 13n, 18, 19, 69, 105, 158, 161, 194

Cather, Willa, 50

Catullus (Zukofsky), 14, 144

Césaire, Aimé, 34–35

“Notebook of a Return to the Native Land,” 35

Champollion, 13

chaos, 43n, 45, 115, 116, 160, 165, 176, 178–79, 191

character, 138–40, 161

“Chiasma” lectures, 23, 38–39

China, 14, 24

Church, Frederic, 3

Clarke, John, 7n, 33, 45n, 91

clinamen, 9, 40, 151, 155. See also Lucretius

Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, 3, 18, 151

“Kubla Khan,” 14

“Cole’s Island” (Olson), 66

Columbus, 24–26; troping America, 24

“Comedian as the Letter C, The” (Stevens), 26–28, 151

composition by field, 9, 43, 132. See also open form

compost, 1, 15, 27, 35, 67, 90, 120, 199

compost library, 11–20, 40, 42–43, 47, 86, 114, 176n

Confidence Man, The (Melville), 53

Confucius, 14, 44

“Connoisseur of Chaos” (Stevens), 151–52

Conrad, Joseph, 25

Heart of Darkness, 28

Conversations with Ogotemmeli (Griaule), 44

Coolidge, Clark, 137n

Corbin, Henry, 8n, 103–4, 194n

Corman, Cid, 165

“Corsons Inlet” (Ammons), 61–62

cosmos, 6, 76, 89, 150

as compost, 160–61

and culture, 51

as galaxy, 101–2

as “good nature,” 195

and Lucretius, 153, 155

and psyche, 115, 163

relation to logos and psyche, 41–43, 45–47, 173, 199

and superstition, 178–79. See also stars

Crane, Hart, 33, 106

Creeley, Robert, 9, 22, 45n, 123, 139–40

“Crossing Brooklyn Ferry” (Whitman), 138

Crowley, Aleister, 118n

cybernetics, 4, 52

Dante, 134n, 135, 192

“Dark Drafts” (Sobin), 75

Davenport, Guy, 14, 17, 18n, 127, 177

dead, the, 41, 96, 131, 174

in books, 40

and Gilgamesh, 12

and necropoetics, 64–65, 67–68

overlap of, with the living, 92, 162–63

work of, 108–9

and war, 185

“Dead, The” (Loy), 98–99

death, 15, 21, 52, 58, 60, 66

and necropoetics, 64–68

Dechend, Hertha von, 114, 118, 135

Deepstep Come Shining (Wright), 17n

deixis, 90

Deleuze, Gilles, 141n, 142, 169n, 170

and nomad thought, 179. Works : The Fold, 110n

“Schizophrenia and Language,” 70–71

DeLillo, Don, 50n

“Delius” (Irby), 118–19

Demeter, 98–99, 178

Democratic Vistas (Whitman), 2, 3, 5, 53

Democritus, 151

De rerum natura (Lucretius), 149–57

Derrida, Jacques, 169

and arche–writing, 180

and différance, 70, 182

and logocentrism, 182.

Works : Dissemination, 170

Of Grammatology, 182

“White Mythology,” 28, 137

Dickinson, Emily, 7, 39, 42, 63, 89, 165, 194

indoor and outdoor life in poetry of, 5

legacy of, to poetry, 6

poetry of, as prototype to serial poem, 4, 9

Dissemination (Derrida), 170

Distances, The (Olson), xii, 68

Dogon, 14, 44. See also Mackey, Nathaniel

Doria, Charles, 14

Dorn, Edward, 29, 36, 45n, 123, 138–40, 147

Gunslinger, 138–40

Double Axe, The (Jeffers), 156–57

Drafts (DuPlessis), 75

Duchamp, Marcel, 151

duende, 97, 184

Duncan, Robert, 6n, 43, 89, 90, 141

on the dead, 66, 67–68

on inspiration 76, 83

on myth, 45, 46–47, 75, 183

and Olson, Charles, n8n, 168, 179

on origin, 169n, 179, 183.

Works : “An Essay at War,” 185n

Ground Work : Before the War, 185n

H. D. Book, 45n

“In Blood’s Domaine,” 147

“My Mother Would Be a Falconress,” 78

“Nor Is the Past Pure,” 65

The Opening of the Field, xii, 67

“Passages 24,” 121–22

“Poem Beginning With a Line by Pindar,” 104

“Structure of Rime,” 67

The Truth and Life of Myth, 45n

DuPlessis, Rachel Blau, 75

Dussel, Enrique, 34, 50n

“Dwarf, The” (Stevens), 172

Earthly Paradise, The (Morris), 54

Easterbrook, Gregg, 122n

ecology, 45, 114, 132, 147, 159

of mind, 3, 7, 43

80 Flowers (Zukofsky), 1

Einstein, Albert, 18

Eliot, T. S., 132, 184–85

The Waste Land, 76–77, 79

Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 65, 100, 125, 127, 140, 165, 172

and the “colossal cipher,” 42, 72

on compensation, 91

defines spiritual, 136, 168

on the “event,” 21, 126

on limits, 20, 27, 73

and Lucretius, 153, 154

on personal versus public, 138–39

on rhyme, 2

on self as fragment, 9

Empedocles, 82, 123, 155n

Epicurus, 150

Eshleman, Clayton, 46, 49–50, 62–63, 78n, 122, 145–46, 175–77

“Aurignacian Summation,” 146

Hades in Manganese, 163

“Tomb of Donald Duck,” 146. See also therioexpulsion

“Essay at War, An” (Duncan), 185n

ethnopoetics, 5n

conference, xii

Etymologicon Universale (Whiter), 1

Evans, Walker, 37

Evernden, Neil, 7

Fall of America, The (Ginsberg), 54

Fanon, Franz, 35

Fates, the, 172

“Festival Aspect, The” (Olson), 191

Fenollosa, Ernest, 118n

Ficino, Marsilio, 97, 193

Finnegans Wake (Joyce), 1, 83

Flesh Dream Book (Kelly), 163

Fold, The (Deleuze), 110n

Foucault, Michel, xii, 44, 97n, 169–71

The Order of Things, 170, 176n

Freud, Sigmund, 84, 172, 176n

Frost, Robert, 153–55

“West–Running Brook,” 154–55

Fussell, Edwin, 54

Gaia, 92–93

galaxy, 101–2

generation, 20–23

geoexpulsion, 122. See also therioexpulsion

Ghost Dance, The (LaBarre), 52, 187–88

Ghost Tantras (McClure), 78–79

Gilgamesh, 11, 12, 14,

Ginsberg, Allen, xi, 14

The Fall of America, 54

Howl, 132

Ginzburg, Carlo, 111

Giscombe, C. S., 140

Gloucester, 12, 23, 72, 131, 164

Gnomonology (McCord), 19, 43, 45n, 120, 195

gnosticism, 45n, 96, 97, 104–5, 115n, 191, 197

Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 151

Goldbarth, Albert, 15

Gondwana, 93

Gordon, Cyrus, 118n

graffiti, 67, 92, 145

Graham, Jorie, 43n, 186

Grammatology (Derrida), 182

Gravelly Hill (Olson), 12, 84

Grenier, Robert, 132

Griaule, Marcel, 44

Grossinger, Richard, 102; Io, 44n

Ground Work : Before the War (Duncan), 185n

Guattari, Félix, 141n, 142

Guide to Kulchur (Pound), 176n

Gunslinger (Dorn), 138–40

Hades, 66, 74, 82, 143, 145–46, 158, 176. See also underworld

Hades in Manganese (Eshleman), 163

Hamlet’s Mill (Santillana and von Dechend), 114, 116, 118, 120, 135

Harmonium (Stevens), 27, 151

Harrison, Jane Ellen, 39

Harrison, Robert Pogue, 187n

Hawthorne, Nathaniel, 13,

H. D., 14, 177n, 184, 185n

H. D. Book (Duncan), 45n

Heads of the Town Up to the Aether, The (Spicer), 68, 143

Heart of Darkness (Conrad), 28

Heidegger, Martin, 9, 21, 65, 89–90, 172, 181

Hejinian, Lyn, 20, 45n

Heraclitus, 12, 15, 25, 40–43, 44, 108, 123, 124, 180

Hermes, 92, 111, 114

hermetic lore, 14, 97, 161, 193. See also hieros gamos; nigredo

Hesiod, 14, 19, 69, 72, 74, 191

Heydon, John, 18, 199

hieros gamos [philosophical wedding], 45, 197–98. See also alchemy

Hillman, Brenda, 104

Hillman, James, 8n, 45, 46, 47

Hiroshima, 158

history, 51, 126, 190, 193, 199

absence of, 50; as canontology, 34–35

versus myth, 46, 47, 183

and the necropolis, 49

as a tool of the State, 150, 160

History (Lowell), 81

Holy Forest, The (Blaser), 163

Homer, 114

Odyssey, 22, 172

Howe, Susan, 14, 29, 45n, 56, 75

Howl (Ginsberg), 132

Hugo, Victor, 108

“Human Universe” (Olson), 21

hunting, 9, 39, 48, 112, 186, 197. See also animal; predatory, the; Shepard, Paul

Hurd, Barbara, 71, 81

Hyams, Edward, 118n

Soil and Civilization, 52, 188

“Image–Nations” (Blaser), 73

imaginal, the, 8n

mundus imaginalis, 199

“Imagination Dead Imagine” (Beckett), 159

imperialism, 49, 53–55

“In Blood’s Domaine” (Duncan), 147

In Cold Hell, In Thicket (Olson), 22

Indians. See Native Americans

inspiration, 76, 79. See also muse

Io (Grossinger), 44n

Iovis (Waldman), 177n

Irby, Kenneth, 117–19, 120, 163–64

“Delius,” 118–19

“Offertory,” 94–95

Ives, Charles, 125

James, C. L. R., 52–53

James, Henry, 134

James, William, 100n, 142, 196

defines humanities, 12

on history and psyche, 47

on reality, 71, 133–34, 140, 170–71

Jarrell, Randall, 6

Jeffers, Robinson, 97–98, 106, 121, 150, 155–59, 161–62, 163, 183, 186

The Double Axe, 156–57

inhumanism and, 78, 156

Jefferson, Thomas, 55

Johnson, Ronald, 17, 62, 84, 120n, 125–26, 153, 198

Ark, 83

Jolas, Eugene, 1–2, 15

Jonas, Hans, 105n

Joyce, James, 1, 83

Jubilate Agno (Smart), 38

Jung, C. G., 22, 105, 114, 198

Kabbalah, 14

Kafka, Franz, 28, 179

Kant, Immanuel, 103

Keats, John, 13, 51, 57, 80, 84, 136, 179

Kelly, Robert, 14, 83, 84, 88, 104, 145, 173

Flesh Dream Book, 163

The Loom, 172

Matter, 44n

Kenner, Hugh, 199

“Khurbn” (Rothenberg), 37–38, 163

“Kingfishers, The” (Olson), 25, 62, 87n, 95

Kline, Franz, 127

Koller, James, 62

Koran, 40

Kraitsir, Charles, 144

Kristeva, Julia : chora, 171

intertextuality, xii

Kroeber, Karl, 3

Kronos, 115, 174–75

Kuberski, Philip, 102, 105–6

“Kubla Khan” (Coleridge), 14

LaBarre, Weston, 52, 187–88

Lacan, Jacques, 84, 172

Lacarriere, Jacques, 115n

Lamantia, Philip, 6n

language, 26, 27, 70, 72–73, 81–90 passim, 130, 132, 141–45, 170

as biological instrument, 136

of domination, 26

in libraries, 17

tropical, 23

as yearning, 29

Lansing, Gerrit, 104, 180, 191

“The Burden of Set,” 44–45

Lascaux, 116. See also Paleolithic

Lawrence, D. H., 39, 57, 77n

Laws of Form (Brown), 44, 101

Layard, Sir Austen Henry, 11

Leaves of Grass (Whitman), 2, 9, 53, 54, 57, 59n, 194

Lectures in America (Stein), 166

Leopold, Aldo, 5, 7n, 49, 147, 172

Sand County Almanac, 7

Lethe, 74

Levinas, Emmanuel, 33–34

Lévi–Strauss, Claude, 199

Lezama Lima, José, 101

library. See compost library

Life of Poetry, The (Rukeyser), 53

Lindsay, Vachel, 13n

Lip Service (Andrews), 134n

“Litany” (Ashbery), 79

logos, 19, 69, 141, 181, 182

as arranger, 115

psyche of the dead revealed through, 40

relation to bios and mythos, 80

relation to cosmos and psyche, 41–43, 45–47, 161, 173, 199

as superstition, 178–79

Loom, The (Kelly), 172

Lorca, Federico García, 184

Lord Weary’s Castle (Lowell), 81

“Lordly and Isolate Satyrs, The” (Olson), 95–96

lore, old, 43–47, 49–50, 82, 114, 116, 121, 165, 184, 199

Loved One, The (Waugh), 67

Lowell, Robert, 6, 81–82

History, 81

Lord Weary’s Castle, 81

Loy, Mina, 98–100

“The Dead,” 98–99

“Parturition,” 99–100

Lucretius, 9, 40, 151, 153–57, 183

De rerum natura, 149–57. See also clinamen

“Lyell’s Hypothesis Again” (Rexroth), 127

Mackey, Nathaniel, 14, 36, 39n, 50–51, 105, 117n, 147, 184

School of Udhra, 141

“Songs of the Andoumboulou,” 75, 104

Mallarmé, Stéphane, 28, 62, 71

Un coup de des, 4

Martin, Calvin, 8n

Matter (Kelly), 44n

Maturana, Humberto, 4

Maximus, 19, 23, 86, 114, 160, 190, 191. See also Olson, Charles

Maximus Poems, The (Olson), 9, 20, 69, 73, 75, 105, 118, 128, 136

origin of, in lectures, 22, 23

as projective verse, 11, 19

specific passages from, discussed, 79–81, 86–87. See also Maximus

McCaffery, Steve, 11on

McClure, Michael, 45n, 78, 78n, 100–101, 126–27, 129, 168

Ghost Tantras, 78–79

McCord, Howard, 19, 43, 45n, 120, 195

McHale, Brian, 170

Mead, G. R. S., 118n

measure (meter), 20, 41, 177

Medusa, 177

Meltzer, David, 14, 160

Tree, 44n

Melville, Herman, 1, 13, 106

The Confidence Man, 53

Moby–Dick, 51, 71, 83, 155, 172

Merwin, W. S., 30

metaphor, 71

Metcalf, Paul, 14, 18n

Zip Odes, 18

Middle Passage, the, 35, 37

Milton, John, 27, 28

Paradise Lost, 17

Mnemosyne, 74

Moby–Dick (Melville), 51, 71, 83, 155, 172

modernism, 167

“Mont Blanc” (Shelley), 126

Montaigne, Michel de, 140, 176n

Moore, Marianne, 184

Morris, William, 54

Mountains and Rivers Without End (Snyder), 6, 47n

Muir, John, 101n

Mumford, Lewis, 20, 21n, 49

mundus imaginalis, 199

imaginal, 8n

muse, 28, 69–76, 177

alieniloquiam, 8

inspiration, 76, 79

“My Mother Would Be a Falconress” (Duncan), 78

myth, 22, 104, 114, 145, 197, 199

versus history, 45–47, 182–83

and literature, 175

and logos, 179, 180

and muses, 72, 75–76

nature as, 128

relation to logos and bios, 80

Native Americans, 24, 25–26, 29, 30, 46, 50, 116–17

Nazis, 38, 46, 147, 163

Near East, Ancient, 11–20 passim, 40, 187

necropoetics, 64–68. See also death

negative capability, 84, 87

Neolithic, 20, 22, 86, 131, 183, 189, 191

New Wilderness Letter (Rothenberg), 44n

Niedecker, Lorine, 127

Nietzsche, Friedrich, 77n, 136, 176n

amor fati, 111

nigredo, 51, 91–96, 97, 182

“Nor Is the Past Pure” (Duncan), 65

Norris, Margot, 134n

Beasts of the Modern Imagination, 77n

“Notebook of a Return to the Native Land” (Césaire), 35

Notley, Alice, 176, 177n

ocean, 57–65, 91, 116, 163. See also Okeanos

Odysseus, 124, 145, 161, 172

Odyssey (Homer), 22, 114, 172

Oedipus, 108, 111n, 145

Oelschlaeger, Max, 156n

“Offertory” (Irby), 94–95

Okeanos, 65, 88, 114–15, 174–75. See also ocean

old lore. See lore,

old O’Leary, Peter, 153

Olson, Charles, 17, 18n, 60, 65, 71, 72, 88, 104, 108, 114, 121, 148–49, 158n, 162–63, 164, 165, 179, 187, 188–92, 195

archetext of, 63, 76

and Black Mountain, 4, 22

and origins, 166–68

reading as part of poetry, 14, 18, 45

and war, 158

Williams’s acclaim for, 132.

Works : “Against Wisdom As Such,” 168

“Bibliography on America for Ed Dorn,” 44

Call Me Ishmael, 45n

“Chiasma” lectures, 23, 38–39

“Cole’s Island,” 66

The Distances, xii, 68

“The Festival Aspect,” 191

Gravelly Hill, 12, 84

“Human Universe,” 21

In Cold Hell, In Thicket, 22

“The Kingfishers,” 25, 62, 87n, 95

“The Lordly and Isolate Satyrs,” 95–96

The Maximus Poems, 9, 20, 69, 73, 75, 105, 118, 128, 136

origin of—, in lectures, 22, 23

— as projective verse, 11, 19

specific passages from —, discussed, 79–81, 86–87

“Projective Verse,” 131, 166–67

“Same day, Later,” 189–90, 191–92

A Special View of History, 45n. See also composition by field; Gloucester; Maximus; proprioception

Onians, R. B., 114–15, 174–75

open form, 4, 43, 49. See also composition by field

Opening of the Field, The (Duncan), xii, 67

Oppen, George, 33, 60

Order of Things, The (Foucault), 170, 176n

origin, 165–71

Origin (Corman), 165

Origins (Doria), 14

Orpheus, 68, 119

ourobouros, no, 115, 160, 174–76, 182, 193, 196

“Our Old Feuillage” (Whitman), 56

“Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking” (Whitman), 57–58, 59

“Ozymandias” (Shelley), 14

Paleolithic, 14, 22, 48, 175–76, 189, 197

cave painting, 19, 39, 42, 128, 161, 163, 175, 186, 187

Palmer, Michael, 61, 137n

Pan, 115, 193

Paradise Lost (Milton), 17

Parmenides, 180

Partch, Harry, 126

“Parturition” (Loy), 99–100

“Passages 24” (Duncan), 121–22

Penelope, 172

Persephone, 178

persona, 138–40, 161

Pisan Cantos, The (Pound), 156, 199

Plato, 169, 188

Pleistocene, 46

Poe, Edgar Allan, 13, 52, 169

“Poem Beginning With a Line by Pindar” (Duncan), 104

Poetics of the Common Knowledge, The (Byrd), 4n

poetry, 3–8, 43n, 45, 52, 69–73, 85, 89, 90, 168

antipoetry, 6

as ecosystem, 3, 7

epic, 135, 145, 153

necropoetics, 64–68

tropical, 27–28. See also open form; trope

“Poetry To–Day in America” (Whitman), 5

polis (city), 22, 49, 188

Pollock, Jackson, 127

Ponge, Francis, 89

Portmann, Adolf, 44

postmodern, 5, 6

Pound, Ezra, 6, 42, 53, 84, 131, 158–59, 163, 167, 194–95

nekyia, 114, 158 (see also underworld)

The Cantos, 9, 13n, 18, 19, 69, 105, 158, 161, 194

Guide to Kulchur, 176n

The Pisan Cantos, 156, 199

predatory, the, 76–83, 106, 129. See also animal; hunting

Prelude, The (Wordsworth), 72

Prepositions (Zukofsky), 45n

Professor’s House, The (Cather), 50

“Projective Verse” (Olson), 131, 166–67

Prometheus, 62

proprioception, 11, 45, 76, 130–34, 169

Proteus, 114, 115

psyche, 20, 52, 92, 104, 182, 197

and archetypes, 63

in myth, 74

relation to cosmos and logos, 41–43, 45–47, 160–61, 173–75, 199

revealed through logos, 40

and superstition, 178–79

Psyche, 74, 124–25

psychosm, 182, 195

Pucci, Pietro, 69, 74

Pynchon, Thomas, 160

Quasha, George, 104

Rexroth, Kenneth, 9, 14, 38, 59, 104–5, 145, 149–51,

“Lyell’s Hypothesis Again,” 127

Reznikoff, Charles, 54–55

Rich, Adrienne, 35–36, 46, 87n

Snapshots of a Daughter–in–Law, 148

Riesman, David, 131

Rilke, Rainer Maria, 22, 64

Rodia, Simon, 83

Romanticism, 13–14, 167, 168

Rosetta Stone, 13

Rothenberg, Jerome, 5, 14, 45n, 49–50, 163

Alcheringa, 44n

“Khurbn,” 37–38, 163

New Wilderness Letter, 44n

Rueckert, William, 7

Rukeyser, Muriel, 9, 33, 50, 62, 168, 183–84

“Book of the Dead,” 37

The Life of Poetry, 53

Ruskin, John, 136

“Same day, Later” (Olson), 189–90, 191–92

Sand County Almanac (Leopold), 7

Sanders, Edward, 14

“The Art of the Elegant Footnote,” xi

Santayana, George, 6

Three Philosophical Poets, 151

Santillana, Giorgio de, 114, 116, 118, 135

Sapir, Edward, 118n

Saturn, 97–98

Sauer, Carl, 21, 22, 48–49, 118n

Saussure, Ferdinand de, 70

Scalapino, Leslie, 45n

Schelling, Andrew, 14

“Schizophrenia and Language” (Deleuze), 70–71

School of Udhra (Mackey), 141

Schwerner, Armand, 15, 82, 170

Secret of the Golden Flower, 195

Seferis, George, 188

“Self Portrait in a Convex Mirror” (Ashbery), 88

Serres, Michel, 111n, 115n

sex, 59–60, 63, 94–95

Shelley, Percy Bysshe, 13, 167n

“Mont Blanc,” 126

“Ozymandias,” 14

Shepard, Paul, 9, 48–49, 52, 116, 193

The Tender Carnivore and the Sacred Game, 48. See also hunting

Significance of the Alphabet, The (Kraitser), 144

Silliman, Ron, 45n

Tjanting, 132–133

Sirens, 74

Situationist, 183

skandhas, 142n

Smart, Christopher, 38

Snapshots of a Daughter–in–Law (Rich), 148

“Snow Man, The” (Stevens), 89

Snyder, Gary, 1, 7, 8, 45n, 46, 67, 131, 165, 196

Mountains and Rivers Without End, 6, 47n

Sobin, Gustaf, 14, 147, 167n

“Dark Drafts,” 15

Soil and Civilization (Hyams), 52, 188

“Song of Myself” (Whitman), 60

“Songs of the Andoumboulou” (Mackey), 75, 104

“Song of the Exposition” (Whitman), 55–56

“Song of the Open Road” (Whitman), 57, 59

sophrosyne, 76

Special View of History, A (Olson), 45n

Specimen Days (Whitman), 3

Sphinx, 108, 111n

Spicer, Jack, 14, 142–43

The Heads of the Town Up to the Aether, 68, 143

Spring and All (Williams), 6

Stafford, William, 33

Starobinski, Jean, 169n

stars, 101–3, 105–6, 110–20 passim, 191, 197. See also cosmos

Stein, Charles, 104, 180, 182n

Stein, Gertrude, 136, 168–70, 192

Lectures in America, 166

Steiner, Rudolf, 195

Stevens, Wallace, 61, 137, 147

“The Comedian as the Letter C,” 26–28, 151

“Connoisseur of Chaos,” 151–52

“The Dwarf,” 172

Harmonium, 27, 151

“The Snow Man,” 89

“Structure of Rime” (Duncan), 67

Suhrawardi, 103

superfluity, 134, 156, 183

surface, 71, 88

syncope, in

Tablets, The (Schwerner), 15, 82, 170

tact, 52, 199

Tallman, Warren, 45n

Tarn, Nathaniel, 14

ta’wīl, 103–5

Tedlock, Dennis, 44n

Telos, 174, 196

Tender Carnivore and the Sacred Game, The (Shepard), 48

Testimony (Reznikoff), 54–55

therioexpulsion, 49–50, 122, 175

“This Compost” (Whitman), 57, 59, 65

Thom, Rene, 44

Thompson, William Irwin, 4, 183

Thoreau, Henry David, 9, 13, 14, 126, 128, 143–44

Walden, 1, 187n

“Thought of Columbus, A” (Whitman), 24–25

Three Philosophical Poets (Santayana), 151

Tjanting (Silliman), 132–33

Todorov, Tzvetan, 25–26

“Tomb of Donald Duck” (Eshleman), 146

transcendentalism, 167

Tree (Meltzer), 44n

trickster, the, 44, 46, 154

trope, 70, 73, 90, 124, 131, 137, 193

and Columbus’s discovery of America, 24, 25

and cosmos, 161, 192; 193

meaning of, in other languages, 23n

as metaphor, 71

as organizing principle, 9

tropological, 181

tropic, 9, 26, 59, 92–93, 124, 135, 197

Truth and Life of Myth, The (Duncan), 45n

Tuan, Yi–Fu, 44

type (typos), 63, 70–71, 141, 191

Un coup de dés (Mallarmé), 4

underworld, 27, 107, 114, 143

Valéry, Paul, 89

Varela, Francisco, 4

Vico, Giambattista, 181

Virilio, Paul, 52

Waddington, C. H., 44

Walden (Thoreau), 1, 187n

Waldman, Anne, 14, 45n, 178

Iovis, 177n

war, 33, 52, 53, 145, 148–49, 156, 184–85, 190

technology’s relation to, 48, 49

Warren, Robert Penn, 32–33

Waste Land, The (Eliot), 76–77, 79

Watten, Barrett, 45n

Waugh, Evelyn, 67

Webster, Catherine, 173–74

“West–Running Brook” (Frost), 154–55

“White Mythology” (Derrida), 28, 137

White Noise (DeLillo), 50n

Whiter, Walter, 1

Whitman, Walt, 4, 6, 13, 14, 39, 52–63, 64, 164

outdoor influences on, 2–3, 5

and sex, 58n, 59–60.

Works:“As I Ebb’d with the Ocean of Life,” 56, 114

“Backward Glance O’er Travel’d Roads,” 2

“Crossing Brooklyn Ferry,” 138

Democratic Vistas, 2, 3, 5, 53

Leaves of Grass, 2, 9, 53, 54, 57, 59n, 194

“Our Old Feuillage,” 56

“Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking,” 57–58, 59

“Poetry To–Day in America,” 5

“Song of Myself,” 60

“Song of the Exposition,” 55–56;

“Song of the Open Road,” 57, 59

Specimen Days, 3

“This Compost,” 57, 59, 65

“A Thought of Columbus,” 24–25

whoman, 90, 190

Whorf, Benjamin Lee, 118n

Wiener, Norbert, 4

Wilbur, Richard, 6

wilderness, 5, 7n, 28, 31, 160, 165, 176, 194

Williams, Jonathan, 17–18

Williams, William Carlos, 21, 36, 131–32, 149, 161, 165, 168, 185–86

Spring and All, 6

Woolf, Virginia, 177n

Wordsworth, William, 9, 155

The Prelude, 72

wreading, 11n, 18, 19, 41, 50, 85, 135, 199

Wright, C. D, 17n

Xvarnah, 194

Yeats, William Butler, 42

Zend–Avesta, 194

Zeno, 182

Zip Odes (Metcalf), 18

Zoroaster, 14

Zukofsky, Louis, 15, 17, 64, 74, 88–89, 155;

“A,” 11, 12, 69, 73, 83–84, 85–86, 90, 108–9, 112, 128, 142n

Bottom : On Shakespeare, 45n, 140

Catullus, 14, 144

80 Flowers, 14

Prepositions, 45n