Appendix C Common Acronyms Used in Brain Research

Techniques Used in Studying the Brain^{1, 2}

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DCM	Dynamic causal modeling
DTI	Diffusion tensor imaging
EEG	Electroencephalography
fMRI	Functional magnetic resonance imaging
fNIRS	Functional near-infrared spectroscopy
LORETA	Low-resolution brain electrotomography
MEG	Magnetoencephalography
MRS	Magnetic resonance spectroscopy
PET	Positron emission tomography
RTfMRI	Real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging
Structural MRI	Structural magnetic resonance imaging
tDCS	Transcranial direct current stimulation
TMS	Transcranial magnetic stimulation
VERP	Visual event-related potentials

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Acronyms Used in Describing Functional Anatomy

Applicable to the Lateral (Outer) Brain Surface (see figures 2.1, 2.2)

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FEF	Frontal eye field
IFG	Inferior frontal gyrus
mFG	Middle frontal gyrus
pIPS	Posterior intraparietal sulcus
TPJ	Temporoparietal junction

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Applicable to the Medial (Inner) Brain Surface (see figure 3.1)

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aCC	Anterior cingulate cortex
FG	Fusiform gyrus (on the undersurface of the temporal lobe)
mPFC	Medial prefrontal cortex (with dorsal, anterior, ventral and orbital subdivisions)
pCC	Posterior cingulate cortex
PPA	Parahippocampal place area
PRECUN	Precuneus
RETROSPLEN	Retrosplenial cortex
sPL	Superior parietal lobule

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Applicable to the Brain Stem (see figure 2.1)

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LC	Locus ceruleus
PAG	Periaqueductal gray (central gray)

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