Fortifications of the Incas

First published in Great Britain in 2006 by Osprey Publishing,

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Transferred to digital print on demand 2011

First published 2006

1st impression 2006

Printed and bound by PrintOnDemand-Worldwide.com, Peterborough, UK

A CIP catalog record for this book is available from the British Library

Print ISBN: 978 1 84176 939 4

PDF e-book ISBN: 978 1 84908 046 0

ePub e-book ISBN; 978 1 78200 066 2

Cartography by Map Studio, Romsey, UK

Design by Ken Vail Graphic Design, Cambridge, UK

Index by Glyn Sutcliffe

Originated by United Graphics, Singapore

Typeset in Monotype Gill Sans and ITC Stone Serif

Image credits

Unless otherwise stated, the photographic images that appear in this work were taken by the authors.

Artist’s note

Readers may care to note that the original paintings from which the color plates in this book were prepared are available for private sale. All reproduction copyright whatsoever is retained by the Publisher. Enquiries should be addressed to:

Scorpio Gallery

PO Box 475

Hailsham

East Sussex

BN27 2SL

The Publishers regret that they can enter into no correspondence upon this matter.

The Fortress Study Group (FSG)

The object of the FSG is to advance the education of the public in the study of all aspects of fortifications and their armaments, especially works constructed to mount or resist artillery. The FSG holds an annual conference in September over a long weekend with visits and evening lectures, an annual tour abroad lasting about eight days, and an annual Members’ Day.

The FSG journal FORT is published annually, and its newsletter Casemate is published three times a year.

Membership is international. For further details, please contact: The Secretary, c/o 6 Lanark Place, London W9 1BS, UK

The Coast Defense Study Group (CDSG)

The Coast Defense Study Group (CDSG) is a non-profit corporation formed to promote the study of coast defenses and fortifications, primarily but not exclusively those of the United States of America; their history, architecture, technology, and strategic and tactical employment. Membership in the CDSG includes four issues of the organization’s two quarterly publications, the Coast Defense Journal and the CDSG Newsletter. For more information about the CDSG please visit www.cdsg.org or to join the CDSG write to:

[Attn: Glen Williford] Coast Defense Study Group, Inc., 634 Silver Dawn Court, Zionsville, IN 46077-9088, USA

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Front Cover: The Inca mountain stronghold of Machu Picchu. (Copyright of Edward Moore)