`Index`

Abushamma, Suha, 162
Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME), 25, 36, 182
addiction. See opioids
advance directives, 207
Affordable Care Act, 26, 141, 149, 169–70, 172, 226, 292–93; and dental care, 156; and maternity care, 257, 258–59
African Americans. See black people
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, 87
AIDS: early years of, 7–8
alcoholism: detox programs for, 289; as a disease, 290–91, 292; diversion programs for, 292; treatment options for, 285–94
Aliki Initiative (Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center), 37
Allison, James P., 51
Almilaji, Khaled, 162
alpha interferon, 50
Alzheimer’s Association, 226
Alzheimer’s disease: racial disparities in treatment for, 58–66. See also dementia
American Academy of Hospice and Palliative Medicine, 182–83
American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (2009), 149
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), 138
Angell, Marcia, 56
anti-PD-1 drugs, 50, 52, 53, 55, 56
anxiety: associated with cancer diagnosis, 40–47
Aricept, 61
Aronson, Louise, 209–19
Arrowsmith, Laura, 128–34
art: as relevant to physicians, 2–7
Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC), 147, 148, 149; and opposition to Trump’s travel ban, 163–64
aversion therapy, 132

Babel, Isaac, 2
back surgery: a physician’s experience with, 34–35
Bettigole, Cheryl, 165–73
black people: and Alzheimer’s disease, 58–66; disparities in health care for, 148, 256; in health professions, 142–51; and maternal mortality, 256, 257–58
Boggiano, Victoria, 15
Brach, Cindy, 86–95
brain tumors, 22, 23–24
Brannon, Sandra, 58–62, 65–66
breast cancer: anxiety following treatment for, 40–47; genetic mutations associated with, 40; a physician’s experience with, 33–34
Brenner, Jeffrey, 105–6
Bristol-Myers Squibb: immunotherapy drugs developed by, 51, 52
Brown v. Board of Education, 145
bundled payment program: under Medicare, 80–85
buprenorphine: as treatment for addiction, 279–85
Bush, George H. W., 146

California Maternal Quality Care Collaborative, 258
cancer: anxiety associated with treatment for, 40–47; chemical surveillance for, 41; computational algorithms as applied in determining cancer risk, 43; costs of surveillance for, 46–47; genetic mutations associated with, 40, 42–43; genetic screening for, 41–43; genetic surveillance of, 41; liquid surveillance of, 44–45; as a “total institution,” 45–46. See also breast cancer; colorectal cancer; lung cancer; prostate cancer; renal cell carcinoma; tongue cancer
caregivers: depression experienced by, 225–26, 228; for elderly patients, 218–28; for patients with dementia, 219–28; suicide of, 225
Center for Outreach in Alzheimer’s, Aging and Community Health (NC A&T State University), 63
Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS): bundled payment program of, 80–85; and graduate medical education funding, 182; and prenatal care, 251
cesarean births, 230–40; criteria for assessing need for, 237–38
chemical surveillance: for cancer, 41
chemotherapy: toxicity of, 275–76
childbirth: a physician’s experience with, 230–40. See also maternal mortality; pregnancy
Children’s Health Insurance Program, 156, 251
Chronic Care Management policy (Medicare), 217
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), 118, 120–21
chronic pain: challenges of treating, 264–70; depression associated with, 266, 269. See also opioids
Cleveland Clinic: and shared medical appointments, 15
Clinica: and shared medical appointments, 15
clinical trials: for Alzheimer’s treatment, 58–66; for melanoma treatment, 50–53; and racial disparities in minority patients’ participation, 58–66; reforms recommended for, 55–56
clonidine, 274
cognitive impairment: screening for, 226–27. See also Alzheimer’s disease; dementia
colorectal cancer, 193–94; surgical options for, 194–97
colostomy, 195, 196–97
Commonwealth Fund, 26
communication skills: education for physicians regarding, 181–83; importance of, 90–92, 180–83
community health centers, 25–26, 172, 278
Comprehensive Addiction and Recovery Act, 284
computational algorithms: as applied to cancer risk, 43
Consortium on Safe Labor, 237
countertransference: in patient care, 4–5
Cruzan, Nancy, 206, 207
CTLA-4 protein receptor, 51
Curry, Raymond, 140
Cymbalta, 266, 268
Cyr, Ronald, 237

Darzi, Ara, 18
death and dying: ethical and moral issues associated with, 201–9; physician-aided, 207–9; process of, 178; talking about, 121–22, 176–84. See also hospice care; palliative care; palliative care physician; standards of care
Deese, Willie, 63
Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA), 163
dementia: care for patients with, 77–85, 186–91; caregivers for, 219–28; hospitalization for patients with, 221–22; medication for, 222. See also Alzheimer’s disease
Deming, W. Edwards, 238
dental care: as aspect of medical care, 151–57
dental insurance, 154, 155–57
Denver Health, 184, 185
diabetes: during pregnancy, 231, 232; treatment of, 12–19
diagnosis: and the individual patient, 9–10
Dilaudid (hydromorphone), 271
disabilities, patients with: biopsychosocial context of, 140; disparities in care for, 135–42; and educational programs for physicians, 140–41, 142
doctor-patient relationships: importance of, 98–108, 123–26; and veterans’ care, 108–17. See also patient care; shared decision-making
drugs. See prescription drugs
Durant, Raegan, 63

elderly patients: care for, 118–26, 79–85, 187–90, 209–19; caregivers for, 218–28. See also Alzheimer’s disease; dementia; geriatric medicine; Medicare/Medicaid; palliative care
electronic medical record (EMR), 6, 7
Eli Lilly: and clinical trial for Alzheimer’s treatment, 59, 60, 65
emergency department: chronic alcoholism as treated in, 285–94; physician as patient in, 68–76
EMPaCT Consortium, 62, 65
Endocrine Society, 132
Epstein-Lubow, Gary, 219–28
European Medicines Agency, 56

Fadhil, Ali, 162
falls: and elderly patients, 187–90
Farrell, Kathleen, 206
fentanyl, 271, 279
fetal monitoring, 232–33
Fildes, Luke: The Doctor, 3
Food and Drug Administration (FDA): and approval for new treatment protocols, 51, 55–56; and Oxycontin, 266; and Zohydro ER, 267
Foreman, Judy: A Nation in Pain, 276
frenectomy, 262–63; pain following, 263–70
Friedlaender, Françoise, 49, 53, 58
Friedlaender, Jonathan, 48–58

gabapentin, 271
Gabow, Patricia, 184–93
Gadhia, Jigneshkumar, 92
gastrointestinal problems: in an infant, 98–100
gastroparesis, 103
Gawande, Atul, 238; Being Mortal: Medicine and What Matters in the End, 192
gender affirmation surgery, 128, 133
gender dysphoria, 130
gender identity, 131–32. See also transgender patients
genetic surveillance: for cancer, 41
genital reassignment surgery, 128, 133
geriatric medicine: and patient care, 118–26, 209–19; training in, 216–17. See also death and dying; palliative care
GlaxoSmithKline, 57
Goffman, Erving, 45
graduate medical education (GME): funding for, 182
Gray, Katti, 58–66
Griffin, Joseph, 143–44
Guillain-Barré syndrome, 102–3

Harker, Yasmin Sokkar, 157–64
Health and Human Services, Department of, 146
health care system: lack of diversity in, 151. See also Medicare/Medicaid; patient care; physicians
health insurance: and dental care, 155–57; and hospice care, 167, 168–69, 171; and maternity care, 255
Health Outcomes, Planning, and Education (HOPE) for Alzheimer’s Act, 227
Healthy Start, 251
Healy, Bernadine, 146
heart failure, 201–9
Heidegger, Martin, 8
hemiarthroplasty. See hip replacement, partial
hepatitis C, 278
heroin, 279, 281
hip fracture: in elderly patients, 189–90
Hippocratic oath, 55, 74, 275
hip replacement, partial: patient care following, 77–85
HIV: and doctor-patient relationship, 104
Hoff, Timothy, 77–85
hospice care, 122–23, 178, 183–84, 191–93, 198; for uninsured patients, 167, 168–69. See also palliative care
Housing First, 292
hydrocodone. See opioids

Icahn School of Medicine (Mount Sinai), 118–19
ileostomy, 54
Immigrant Doctors Project, 161
immigrants: medical care for, 11–19, 165–73; physicians as, 157–64; restrictions affecting, 161–63
immunotherapy: clinical trials involving, 51–53, 55–56; as treatment for melanoma, 50–53
informed consent, 200; importance of, 86–95
Institute of Medicine (IOM), 25; on pain management, 268; on unequal treatment, 148
interleukin-2, 50
ipilimumab: as treatment for melanoma, 51–52

Juntos Podemos. See shared medical appointments

Kaiser Permanente: and shared medical appointments, 15
Kefauver, Estes, 57
Keirns, Carla, 230–40
Keller, Helen, 9
Kevorkian, Jack: Prescription: Medicide, the Goodness of Planned Death, 224, 225
Kheirbek, Raya Elfadel, 108–17
King, Gwendolyn, 146
Kirschner, Kristi, 140
Kluger, Harriet, 55
Komaromy, Miriam, 148
Kozhimannil, Katy B., 251–60

Lagisetty, Pooja, 278–85
Lagu, Tara, 139
Lambda Legal, 132, 133–34
Langone Medical Center (New York University), 58–59, 61–62
life support: moral issues relating to, 205–9
lung cancer: palliative care for, 176–84

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), 23–24
Maimonides, Oath of, 76
Maldonado, Maria, 19–27
March of Dimes, 247, 250
Martin, Michelle, 64
maternal-fetal medicine (MFM) specialists, 231
maternal mortality, 251–60; increase in, 255–56; racial disparities in, 256, 257–58; for rural women, 259
Mavrinac, Maureen A., 11–19
Mays, Benjamin E., 145
Medarex, 51
Médecins Sans Frontières (Doctors Without Borders), 57
medical education: for black people, 147–51; and communication skills, 181–83; costs of, 145, 147–48, 149–51; and patients with disabilities, 140–41, 142; and transgender patients, 134
Medical Licensing Examination, 91
Medicare/Medicaid: and alcoholism treatment, 292–93; billing policies of, 217–18; bundled payment program of, 80–85; complexity of, 172; and dental care, 156; in emergencies, 170–71; and geriatric care, 217–18; and maternity care, 251, 254, 257, 258–59
medication nonadherence, 282
medicine, practice of: emotional toll of, 29; as physical challenge, 28–38. See also doctor-patient relationships; patient care; physicians
Meier, Diane E., 176–84
melanoma: BRAF mutation for, 50; clinical trials for, 50; diagnosis and treatment of, 48–58; immunotherapy as treatment for, 50–53
Melanoma International Foundation, 51
Merck: immunotherapy drugs developed by, 53, 56
methadone clinics, 276, 279, 283
Middle East: prejudice toward doctors from, 109–17
minority patients: and disparities in participation in clinical trials, 58–66; and disparities in patient care, 148
Mississippi State Department of Health, Community Research Fellows Training Program, 64
Montgomery, Monica, 59, 60–61, 65–66
Morehouse School of Medicine, 146, 147–48, 150
morphine, 34, 69, 70, 168, 271
Moss, Dina Keller, 193–201
Mukherjee, Siddhartha, 40–47
myConnections, 105

Nakazawa, Donna Jackson, 98–108
naloxone, 279
Narrative Inquiry in Bioethics, 104
National Alzheimer’s Project Act, 226
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), 144
National Center for Transgender Equality, 133–34
National Health Service Corps, 149, 150
National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, 63
National Institutes of Health (NIH), 146; and minority participation in clinical trials, 62–63
Nayak, Jasmir, 92
Nemerov, Alexander, 8–9
neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), 241–42, 248–49. See also premature births
neuropathy, 264–66
Norco, 263
Novello, Antonia, 146

Obama, Barack, 163, 226, 284
obstetric interventions, 238–40. See also cesarean births
opioids: addiction treatment centers, 278–85; deaths associated with, 267; dependence on, 271–72; ethical issues relating to, 275–77; following a motorcycle accident, 270–77; following tongue surgery, 263–70; physicians’ role in managing, 274–77; risks and benefits of, 266–69; withdrawal from, 272–74
oral health: importance of, 151–57
Organ, Claude, 147
osteoradionecrosis, 153, 154, 155
Oxycontin (oxycodone), 266–67, 271, 281

pain management: challenges of, 265–66; following a motorcycle accident, 270–77; following tongue surgery, 263–70; physicians’ role in, 274–77. See also opioids
palliative care: for elderly patients, 197–201; ethical and moral conflicts associated with, 205–9
Palliative Care Information Act (New York state), 198–99
palliative care physician, 205–9; and coordinating care with oncologist, 179–80, 183–84
Parkinsonism, 196, 197
Parsi, Hooman, 162
patient care: dental care as aspect of, 151–57; in the emergency department, 68–72; fragmented nature of, 213–18; home visits as aspect of, 121, 125; for minority populations, 142–43, 148; multiple doctors involved in, 123; personalized, 75; team-based, 107–8, 276–77; test-based, 74–75; for transgender people, 128–34; for underserved populations, 19–27, 148, 150; value-based, 57, 84, 107. See also disabilities, patients with; doctor-patient relationships; elderly patients
Patient Self-Determination Act (1990), 206
patient-centered care, 85; and time constraints, 20, 25, 27
patient-reported outcomes, 75–76
pembrolizumab: as treatment for melanoma, 53, 57
Percocet, 263
Percy, Walker, 3
pharmaceutical companies: and the costs of prescription drugs, 56–57. See also Bristol-Myers Squibb; Merck; opioids
physicians: Arab American immigrants as, 110–17; biases of, 112–13; and childbirth, 230–40; and communication skills, 90–92; with disabilities, 140, 141; from foreign countries, 110–17, 157–64; H-1B visas for, 164; well-being of, 37–38; work hours expected of, 30–31, 36, 38. See also doctor-patient relationship; medicine, practice of
Pollock, Jackson: on his work, 6; Lucifer, 4, 5
polypharmacy, 214
Poole, Catherine, 52–53
poor people: and oral health, 156–57; and treatment for diabetes, 11–19
Portenoy, Russell, 267
post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), 111–12, 114–15
Potter, Jennifer, 283
Powell v. Texas, 290
pregnancy: diabetes during, 231, 232; disparities in care and outcomes, 242, 247–48, 256, 257–59. See also cesarean births; maternal mortality; premature births
premature births: complications associated with, 240–51; costs associated with, 247, 248–49; and infant viability, 243–46; risk factors for, 247–49
prenatal care, 249–51
prescription drugs: costs of, 48, 56–57. See also clinical trials; opioids
presence: the importance of, 2–10
previvorship, concept of, 41
primary care family medicine: appeal of, 15; and shared medical appointments, 11–19
prostaglandin, 232
prostate cancer, 86; complications following surgery for, 87–90
public intoxication: laws against, 289–92; medical response to, 286–89
pyloric stenosis, 99–100

Quinlan, Karen Ann, 206

Rafei, Abdelghani el, 162
Ramdas, Kamalini, 18
rehabilitation facilities: Medicare coverage for, 80–85; patient care at, 75
renal cell carcinoma, 166–67
reproductive health services: decline in, 255. See also maternal mortality; pregnancy
residents: work hours expected of, 36, 37
Rieder, Travis N., 270–77
risk communication, 92
Robinson v. California, 290
Rodin, Auguste: Gates of Hell, 2
Rothko, Mark: on his work, 7; Pink and White over Red, 4, 6–7
Rowland-Seymour, Anastasia, 103, 104–5, 107
rural communities: immigrant physicians in, 159–60, 162, 163

Safety Net Medical Home Initiative, 26–27
Saini, Vikas, 107
Sangarlangkarn, Aroonsiri, 118–26
Sartre, Jean-Paul, 47
Schattner, Elaine, 28–38
Schuster, Janice Lynch, 262–70
scoliosis, 28–29
seeing: the importance of, 9–10
senior mentor programs: for medical students, 118–19, 124–25
sexual orientation. See transgender patients
Shapin, Steven, 47
shared decision-making: between doctor and patient, 25, 93, 192, 238, 240, 249, 258
shared medical appointments: advantages of, 11–19
Shinall, Myrick C., 201–9
solanezumab: clinical trial for, 59–60, 62, 65
Sontag, Susan, 41, 47
speech therapy: for stuttering, 139–40
Spellman, Mitchell, 147
standards of care, 184–93; deviations from, 187–93
Stinson, Nathaniel, 62–63
stroke: and informed consent, 88–90, 93, 94–95; tPA as treatment for, 88–92, 94
Strong Start, 251
stuttering: patients who suffer from, 135–42; a physician’s experience with, 135–42
Suboxone (buprenorphine and naloxone), 274
Subramanian, Gayathri, 151–57
Sullivan, Anne, 9
Sullivan, Louis W., 142–51
Sullivan, Lubirda, 144
Sullivan, Walter W., Jr., 143
Sullivan, Walter W., Sr., 143
Suresh, Gautham, 240–51
synthetic oxytocin, 232, 233, 234
Sznol, Mario, 50, 52, 53, 54

Teaching Health Center Graduate Medical Education Program, 26
T cells: and immunotherapy, 50–51
Thrun, Sebastian, 46
time constraints: as challenge for physicians, 20, 25, 27
tissue plasminogen activator (tPA): as treatment for stroke, 88–92
Toby, William, 146
tocolytics, 241
tongue cancer, 151–57
tongue pain, 262–70
total institution: concept of, 45
transference: in patient care, 4–5
transgender patients: challenges faced by, 128–34; and medical education, 134
trauma: screening for, 105–6
trauma patient: physician as, 68–76
trazodone, 274
Trump, Donald, 157, 163; travel ban ordered by, 161–63
Tufts Center for the Study of Drug Development, 57

Uniform Alcoholism and Intoxication Treatment Act, 290–91
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 150
uninsured patients: hospice care for, 167, 168–69, 171; immigrants as, 165–73
United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, 140
University of Kansas School of Medicine, 150

ventricular assist device (VAD): deactivation of, 201–9
Verghese, Abraham, 2–10
Veterans Access, Choice, and Accountability Act (2014), 117
Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Centers: and doctor-patient relationships, 108–17
vitiligo, 8

Warren, Otis, 285–94
Weil, Henry, 106
Wen, Leana S., 135–42
Wenzel, Jennifer, 65
Whitaker, Bob, 105, 107
White, Augustus, 147
withdrawal: from opioids, 272–74; physicians’ role in, 274–77
Woodard, Laurie, 137
World Professional Association for Transgender Health (WPATH), 132, 133

Yancey, Asa, 147
Yeh, Charlotte, 68–76

Zohydro ER, 267