57. This essay was added in 1723. – Ed.

58. John Locke, who was Shaftesbury’s tutor. – Ed.

59. ‘O fortunate Roman state, born in my consulate!’ This verse from Cicero’s De Consulatu Suo, of which Mandeville gives only the opening words, was often ridiculed. Juvenal quotes it in his Satires, x, 122. – Ed.

60. A Dutch seaport. – Ed.

61. Yearning. – Ed.