/************** Book Style **************/
.booksection {
 margin-left:0.5em;
 margin-right:0.5em;
 margin-top:0.0em;
 margin-bottom:0.0em;
}
p {
 text-align:justify;
 line-height:1.3em;
 margin-bottom:0.0em;
 margin-top:0.0em;
 text-indent:0.0em;
 margin-left:0em;
}
.break {
 page-break-before:always;
}
/************** Cover Page **************/
.cover {
 margin-top:0em;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 text-align:center;
}
/************** Title Page **************/

.title0 {
 margin-top:0em;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 text-align:center;
}

.title {
 margin-top:12%;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 font-size:170%;
 text-align:center;
 line-height:1.1em;
}

.titlea {
 margin-top:20%;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 font-size:185%;
 text-align:center;
 line-height:1.1em;
}

.titleb {
 margin-top:0.1em;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 font-size:115%;
 text-align:center;
 line-height:1.1em;
}

.title1 {
 margin-top:22%;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 font-size:140%;
 text-align:center;
 font-weight:normal;
 line-height:1.3em;
}
.title2 {
 margin-top:15%;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 font-size:150%;
 text-align:center;
 font-weight:normal;
 line-height:1.3em;
}
.logo {
 margin-top:15%;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 text-align:center;
 line-height:1.3em;
}
.publish {
 margin-top:1em;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 text-align:center; 
 font-size:0.85em;
 line-height:1.3em;
}
/************** Copyright **************/
.copy {
 margin-top:2px;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 text-align:left;
 text-indent:0em;
 font-size:85%;
 line-height:1.3em;
}

.copyh {
 margin-top:0.1em;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 margin-right:0em;
 margin-left:1.0em;
 text-indent:-1.0em;
 text-align:left;
 font-size:85%;
 line-height:1.3em;
}

.copy1 {
 margin-top:1.5em;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 text-align:left;
 text-indent:0em;
 font-size:85%;
 line-height:1.3em;
}
.copy2 {
 margin-top:2.5em;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 text-align:left;
 text-indent:0em;
 font-size:85%;
 line-height:1.3em;
}

.copy3 {
 margin-top:10%;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 text-align:left;
 text-indent:0em;
 font-size:125%;
 line-height:1.3em;
}

/************** Dedication **************/
.dedi {
 margin-top:25%;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 margin-left:0em;
 text-align:center;
 font-size:105%;
 font-weight:normal;
 line-height:1.3em;
}

.dedi1 {
 margin-top:10%;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 margin-left:0em;
 text-align:center;
 font-size:110%;
 font-weight:normal;
 line-height:1.3em;
}

/************** Contents **************/
.tochead {
 margin-top:10%;
 margin-bottom:1.5em;
 margin-left:0.0em;
 text-align:center;
 font-size:140%;
 font-weight:normal;
}
.toc {
 margin-top:0.15em;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 margin-left:0.0em;
 text-indent:0.0em;
 text-align:left;
 font-size:1em;
 font-weight:normal;
 line-height:1.3em;
}
.toc1 {
 margin-top:5px;
 margin-bottom:0px;
 margin-left:1.5em;
 text-indent:0em;
 text-align:left;
 font-size:1em;
 font-weight:normal;
 line-height:1.3em;
}
/************** Acknowledgement **************/
.ack {
 margin-top:5em;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 margin-left:0em;
 text-align:center;
 font-size:1.1em;
 font-weight:normal;
 line-height:1.3em;
}
/************** Chapters **************/
.part {
 margin-top:4.0em;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 margin-left:0.0em;
 text-align:center;
 font-size:1.8em;
 font-weight:bold;
}
.part1 {
 margin-top:2.0em;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 margin-left:0.0em;
 text-align:center;
 font-size:2.8em;
 font-weight:bold;
}
.part2 {
 margin-top:2.0em;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 margin-left:0.0em;
 text-align:center;
 font-size:1.8em;
 font-weight:bold;
}
.chapter {
 margin-top:10%;
 margin-bottom:0.0em;
 margin-left:0.0em;
 text-align:center;
 font-size:140%;
 font-weight:normal;
}
.chapter1 {
 margin-top:10%;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 margin-left:0.0em;
 text-align:left;
 font-size:150%;
 font-weight:normal;
}
.chapter2 {
 margin-top:10%;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 margin-left:0.0em;
 text-align:center;
 font-size:140%;
 font-weight:normal;
}
.head {
 margin-top:10%;
 margin-bottom:0px;
 margin-left:0.0em;
 text-align:left;
 font-size:120%;
 font-weight:normal;
}
.head1 {
 margin-top:2.0em;
 margin-bottom:0px;
 margin-left:0.0em;
 text-align:center;
 font-size:120%;
 font-weight:normal;
}

.fmhead {
 margin-top:10%;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 margin-left:0.0em;
 text-align:center;
 font-size:110%;
 font-weight:normal;
}

/************** Authors **************/
.author {
 margin-top:3em;
 margin-bottom:0.5em;
 margin-left:0em;
 text-indent:0.0em;
 text-align:left;
 font-size:1.1em;
 font-weight:normal;
}
.author1 {
 margin-top:3em;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 margin-left:0em;
 text-align:center;
 font-size:1.3em;
 font-weight:normal;
}
/************** Alignments **************/
.indent {
 margin-top:0.1em;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 text-indent:1.5em;
 text-align:justify;
 font-size:1em;
 line-height:1.3em;
}
.indent1 {
 margin-top:1em;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 text-indent:1.5em;
 text-align:justify;
 font-size:1em;
 line-height:1.3em;
}
.indent2 {
 margin-top:2em;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 text-indent:1.5em;
 text-align:justify;
 font-size:1em;
 line-height:1.3em;
}
.indent3 {
 margin-top:2.5em;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 text-indent:1.5em;
 text-align:justify;
 font-size:1em;
 line-height:1.3em;
}
.noindent {
 margin-top:0.1em;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 text-indent:0em;
 text-align:justify;
 font-size:1em;
 line-height:1.3em;
}

.noindent_l {
 margin-top:0.1em;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 text-indent:0em;
 text-align:left;
 font-size:1em;
 line-height:1.3em;
}

.noindent0 {
 margin-top:0.5em;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 text-indent:0em;
 text-align:justify;
 font-size:1em;
 line-height:1.3em;
}
.noindent1 {
 margin-top:1em;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 text-indent:0em;
 text-align:justify;
 font-size:1em;
 line-height:1.3em;
}

.noindent1_l {
 margin-top:1em;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 text-indent:0em;
 text-align:left;
 font-size:1em;
 line-height:1.3em;
}

.noindent2 {
 margin-top:2.5em;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 text-indent:0em;
 text-align:justify;
 font-size:1em;
 line-height:1.3em;
}
.noindent3 {
 margin-top:2.5em;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 text-indent:0em;
 text-align:justify;
 font-size:1em;
 line-height:1.3em;
}
.center {
 margin-top:0.1em;
 margin-bottom:0.1em;
 text-align:center;
 font-size:1em;
 line-height:1.3em;
}
.center1 {
 margin-top:1em;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 text-align:center;
 font-size:1em;
 line-height:1.3em;
}
.center2 {
 margin-top:2em;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 text-align:center;
 font-size:1em;
 line-height:1.3em;
}
.center3 {
 margin-top:25%;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 text-align:center;
 font-size:1em;
 line-height:1.3em;
}
.star {
 margin-top:1em;
 margin-bottom:1em;
 text-align:center;
 font-size:1em;
}
.right {
 margin-top:0.2em;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 text-align:right;
 line-height:1.3em;
 font-size: 1.6em
}
.right1 {
 margin-top:1em;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 margin-right:0em;
 text-align:right;
 line-height:1.3em;
}
.right2 {
 margin-top:1em;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 margin-right:0em;
 text-align:right;
 line-height:1.3em;
}
/************** Hang Matter **************/
.bullet {
 margin-top:0.1em;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 margin-right:1.5em;
 margin-left:3em;
 text-indent:-1.5em;
 text-align:justify;
 line-height:1.3em;
}
.bullet1 {
 margin-top:1em;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 margin-right:1.5em;
 margin-left:3em;
 text-indent:-1.5em;
 text-align:justify;
 line-height:1.3em;
}

.number {
 margin-top:0.1em;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 margin-right:0em;
 margin-left:3em;
 text-indent:-1.5em;
 text-align:justify;
 line-height:1.3em;
}
.number1 {
 margin-top:1em;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 margin-right:0em;
 margin-left:3em;
 text-indent:-1.5em;
 text-align:justify;
 line-height:1.3em;
}

.alpha {
 margin-top:0.1em;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 margin-right:0em;
 margin-left:4em;
 text-indent:-2.5em;
 text-align:left;
 line-height:1.3em;
}
.alpha1 {
 margin-top:1em;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 margin-right:0em;
 margin-left:4em;
 text-indent:-2.5em;
 text-align:justify;
 line-height:1.3em;
}

.bib {
 margin-top:0.1em;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 margin-right:0em;
 margin-left:3em;
 text-indent:-1.5em;
 text-align:justify;
 line-height:1.3em;
}

.notes {
 margin-top:0.15em;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 margin-left:0.0em;
 text-indent:0.0em;
 text-align:left;
 line-height:1.3em;
}
.notes1 {
 margin-top:1em;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 margin-left:1.5em;
 text-indent:-1.5em;
 text-align:left;
 line-height:1.3em;
}

/************** Spaces **************/

span.tspa {
 display:inline-block;
 text-indent:0.00em;
 white-space:pre-wrap;
 width:1.5em;
} 

span.ntspa {
 display:inline-block;
 text-indent:0.00em;
 white-space:pre-wrap;
 width:1.5em;
} 

span.bspa {
 display:inline-block;
 text-indent:0.00em;
 white-space:pre-wrap;
 width:1.5em;
}

span.nspa {
 display:inline-block;
 text-indent:0.00em;
 white-space:pre-wrap;
 width:1.5em;
}

span.aspa {
 display:inline-block;
 text-indent:0.00em;
 white-space:pre-wrap;
 width:2.5em;
}

/************** Blockquotes **************/
.block {
 margin-top:1em;
 margin-bottom:1em;
 margin-left:1.5em;
 margin-right:1.5em;
 text-indent:0em;
 text-align:justify;
 font-size:1em;
 line-height:1.3em;
}
.block2 {
 margin-top:0em;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 margin-left:3em;
 margin-right:2em;
 text-indent:0em;
 text-align:left;
 font-size:1em;
 line-height:1.3em;
}
/************** Images **************/
img {
 max-height:100%;
 max-width:100%;
}
.chap_fig {
 margin-top:2em;
 margin-bottom:1em;
 text-align:center;
}
.fig {
 margin-top:1.25em;
 margin-bottom:1em;
 text-align:center;
}
.caption {
 margin-top:0em;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 text-align:center;
 font-size:1em;
 line-height:1.3em;
}
.caption1 {
 margin-top:0em;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 text-align:left;
 font-size:1em;
 color:#670E78;
 line-height:1.3em;
}
/************** Lists **************/
ol {
 margin-top:0em;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 margin-left:2em;
 text-indent:0em;
 text-align:left;
 line-height:1.3em;
}
ul {
 margin-top:0em;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 margin-left:2em;
 text-indent:0em;
 text-align:justify;
 line-height:1.3em;
}
li {
 margin-top:0.1em;
}
/************** Boxes **************/
.box {
 margin-top:1em;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 padding:0em 0em 0.5em 0em;
 border:1pt solid #d5d5d5;
 background-color:#d5d5d5;
 line-height:1.3em;
}
.boxh {
 margin-top:0em;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 padding:0.2em 0em 0.2em 0.2em;
 background-color:#000000;
 color:#FFFFFF;
 text-align:left;
 text-indent:0em;
 line-height:1.3em;
}
.boxt {
 margin-top:0.5em;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 padding:0em 0.2em 0em 0.2em;
 text-align:left;
 text-indent:0em;
 line-height:1.3em;
}
/************** Tables **************/
table {
 margin-top:1em;
 margin-bottom:1em;
 border-collapse:collapse;
}
td {
 padding:0.3em;
 vertical-align:top;
 line-height:1.3em;
}
td.right {
 vertical-align:top;
 padding:0.3em;
 text-align:right;
}
td.border {
 border:1px solid #000000;
 text-align:left;
 vertical-align:top;
 padding:0.2em;
}
/************** Font Sizes **************/
.big {
 font-size:120%;
}

.big1 {
 font-size:150%;
}

.small {
 font-size:80%;
}
/************** Extra **************/
a {
 text-decoration:none;
 color:black;
}
.u {
 text-decoration:underline;
}
sup {
 font-size:0.8em;
 line-height:1em;
}
sub {
 font-size:0.8em;
 line-height:1em;
}
.footline {
 margin-top:2.5em;
 margin-bottom:5px;
 border-bottom:1px solid #000000;
 width:30%;
}
.hr1 {
 border-bottom:2.5pt solid black;
 padding-top:5em;
}
.star {
 margin-top:1.2em;
 margin-bottom:1.2em;
 text-align:center; 
}
.mid {
 vertical-align:top;
}
.bm {
 margin-top:20%;
 margin-bottom:0px;
 text-align:center;
 text-indent:0em;
 font-size:140%;
 font-weight:normal;
}
span.drop {
 line-height:0.5em;
 font-size:250%;
 font-weight:normal;
}

span.drop1
{
margin-bottom:-0.25em;
margin-right:0em;
line-height:0.9em;
margin-right:0.0em;
font-size:300%;
float:left;
font-weight:normal;
}