Abbreviations
| BL | Battye Library |
| HRA | Historical Records of Australia |
| HRNSW | Historical Records of New South Wales |
| JRGS | Journal of Royal Geographical Society |
| ML | Mitchell Library |
| NSW Col. Sec. | New South Wales Colonial Secretary, In Letters |
| NSWLAV&P | New South Wales Legislative Assembly Votes and Proceedings |
| NSWLC | New South Wales Legislative Council |
| NSWLCV&P | New South Wales Legislative Council Votes and Proceedings |
| Qld Col. Sec. | Queensland Colonial Secretary, In Letters |
| QSA | Queensland State Archives |
| QVP | Queensland Votes and Proceedings |
| RGSSA | Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of Australia, South Australian Branch |
| SA Col. Sec. | South Australian Colonial Secretary, In Letters |
| SMH | Sydney Morning Herald |
| Tas. Col. Sec. | Tasmanian Colonial Secretary, In Letters |
| THRA | Papers and Proceedings of the Tasmanian Historical Research Association |
| TSA | Tasmanian State Archives |
| VPRO | Victorian Public Records Office |
| WA Col. Sec. | Western Australian Colonial Secretary, In Letters |
| WAHS | Journal of the West Australian Historical Society |
| WALCV&P | West Australian Legislative Council Votes and Proceedings |
Henry Reynolds: Frontier: Aborigines, Settlers and Land, Allen and Unwin, Sydney 1987.
Henry Reynolds: With the White People, Penguin, Ringwood 1990.
Henry Reynolds: The Other Side of the Frontier, James Cook University of North Queensland 1981, p. 2.
Henry Reynolds: Why Weren’t We Told, Viking, Ringwood 1999; and Penguin, Camberwell 2000.
Subaltern Studies I, Oxford University Press, Delhi 1981, p. vii.
Subaltern Studies III, Oxford University Press, Delhi 1984, p. viii.
Henry Reynolds: The Other Side of the Frontier, Penguin, Ringwood 1982, p. 2.
R. White: The Middle Ground, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1991.
Inga Clendinnen: Dancing with Strangers, Text Publishing, Melbourne 2003.
Henry Reynolds: Nowhere People, Viking, Camberwell 2005.
Henry Reynolds: The Other Side of the Frontier, 1981 edition, p. 99; 1982 edition, p. 122.
Keith Windschuttle: The Fabrication of Aboriginal History, Macleay Press, Sydney 2002.
Murray-Upper tapes, Black Oral History Collection: History Department, James Cook University.
G. F. Moore: A Descriptive Vocabulary of the Language in Common Usage Amongst the Aborigines of West Australia, London 1842, p. 108.
Murray-Upper tapes, Black Oral History Collection: James Cook University.
T. L. Mitchell: Journal of an Expedition into the Interior of Tropical Australia, London 1848, p. 325.
W. Hovell, Journal of a Journey from Lake George to Port Phillip, 1824–25, Journal Royal Australian Historical Society, Vol. 7, 1921, p. 371.
M. Doyle (ed.): Extracts from the Letters and Journals of George Fletcher Moore, London 1834, p. 110.
P. Warburton: Journey across the Western Interior of Australia, London, 1875 p. 252.
C. Smith: The Booandick Tribe of South Australian Aborigines, Adelaide 1880, p. 26.
Murray-Upper tapes, Black Oral History Collection: History Department, James Cook University.
W. E. Roth: Ethnographical Studies Among the North-West-Central Queensland Aborigines, Brisbane 1897, p. 137
W. E. H. Stanner: Ceremonial Economics of the Mulluk Mulluk and Madngella Tribes of the Daly River etc, Oceania, Vol. 4, No. 2, December 1933, p. 174.
N. Gunson (ed.): Australian Reminiscences and Papers of L. E. Threlkeld etc, 2 vols., Canberra 1974, Vol. 1, p. 48.
G. A. Robinson: Report of an Expedition to the Aboriginal Tribes of the Interior, March-August 1846, p. 25; G. A. Robinson Papers, Vol. 60. Mitchell Library (hereafter ML), MSS/7081.
G. Windsor-Earl: ‘On the Aboriginal Tribes of the Northern Coast of Australia’, JRGS, Vol. 16, 1846, p. 248.
D. R. Moore: The Australian & Papuan Frontier in the 1840’s, unpublished mss, Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies, p. 99.
J. Jardine, Somerset, to Governor Bowen, 1 March 1865 in F. J. Byerley (ed.): Narrative of an Overland Expedition etc, Brisbane 1867, p. 85.
G. Windsor-Earl, op. cit., p. 248.
J. Oxley: Journals of Two Expeditions, p. 289.
‘A Noted Blackfellow’, Adelaide Observer, 14 June 1924.
Sydney 1834, p. xi.
T. L. Mitchell: Three Expeditions into Eastern Australia, 2 vols, London 1834, I, pp. 71–72.
A. H. Howitt: Native Tribes of South East Australia, London 1904, p. 695.
J. H. Tuckey: An Account of a Voyage to Establish a Colony at Port Phillip etc, London 1805, p. 168.
J. Oxley: Journals of Two Expeditions, London 1820, p. 328.
A. Searcey: In Northern Seas, Adelaide 1905, p. 23.
D. Roughsey: Moon and Rainbow, Sydney 1971, p. 13.
J. Morrell: Sketch of a Residence, Brisbane 1863, p. 14.
Ibid., p. 15.
T. L. Mitchell: Three Expeditions, I, p. 248.
J. L. Stokes: Discoveries in Australia etc, 2 vols, London 1846, I, p. 252.
J. Morrell, op. cit., p. 14.
E. J. Eyre: Journals of Expeditions of Discovery etc, 2 vols, London 1845, 2, p. 213.
J. Oxley: Journals of Two Expeditions, p. 171.
D. W. Carnegie: Spinifex and Sand, London 1898, pp. 239, 284.
C. Sturt: Narrative of an Expedition into Central Australia, 2 vols, London 1849, I, p. 315.
T. L. Mitchell: Three Expeditions, I, p. 129.
Report of the North-Western Exploring Expedition; QVP, 3, 1876, p. 375.
J. Oxley: Journals of Two Expeditions, p. 163.
J. L. Stokes: Discoveries in Australia, 2, p. 297.
J. B. Jukes: Narrative of the Surveying Voyage of HMS Fly, London 1847, p. 56.
J. Gilbert: Diary, ML/MSS 2587, p. 52.
J. F. Mann: Eight Months With Dr. Leichhardt, Sydney 1888, p. 30.
J. Gilbert: Diary, p. 51.
Adelaide Observer, 14 June 1924.
M. Labillardiere: Voyage in Search of La Perouse, 1791–1794, London 1800, pp. 300–301.
E. J. Eyre: Journals of Expeditions etc, 2, p. 211.
G. Blainey: Triumph of the Nomads, Melbourne 1975, p. 253.
E. S. Parker: The Aborigines of Australia, Melbourne 1854, p. 22.
E. Giles: Australia Twice Traversed, 2 vols, London 1889, 2, p. 282.
E. J. Eyre: Journals of Expeditions etc, 2, p. 216.
C. Sturt: Narrative of an Expedition, 2, p. 315.
T. L. Mitchell: Journal of an Expedition, p. 143.
L. Leichhardt: Journal of an Overland Expedition, p. 494.
C. Sturt: Two Expeditions etc, 2, p. 135.
Diary & Letters of Sir C. H. Freemantle, London 1928, p. 55.
G. B. Worgan: Journal of a First Fleet Surgeon, Sydney 1978, pp. 6–7.
B. Spencer: Wanderings in Wild Australia, 2 vols, London 1928, I, p. 239.
Murray-Upper tapes, Black Oral History Collection: History department, James Cook University.
Report of Protector of Aborigines, 3 June 1842, Colonial Secretary Letters Received 1842, South Australian Archives (hereafter SAA), GRG/24/6/483.
E. J. Eyre: Journals of Expeditions of Discovery, 2, p. 366.
J. L. Stokes: Discoveries in Australia, I, p. 60.
J. Morgan: The Life and Adventures of William Buckley, 2nd edition, London 1967 edited, C. E. Sayers, p. 21.
D. R. Moore: Islanders and Aborigines at Cape York, Canberra 1979, p. 143.
W. E. Roth: North Queensland Ethnography: Bulletin No. 5, QVP, 2, 1903, p. 492. See also C. W. Shurmann: Vocabulary of the Parnkalla Language, Adelaide 1844, pp. 72–73; L. E. Threlkeld: An Australian Language, Sydney 1892, Appendix D; G. F. Moore: A Descriptive Vocabulary of the Language in Common Use Amongst the Aborigines of Western Australia, London 1842, p. 28; W. Ridley: Kamilaroi and Other Australian Languages, 2nd edition, Sydney 1875, p. 17; C. G. Teichelmann: Outlines of a Grammar, Vocabulary and Phraseology of the Aboriginal Language of South Australia, Adelaide 1840, p. 39; E. Curr: The Australian Race, 3 vols, Melbourne 1883.
M. Eliade: Australian Religions, Ithaca 1973, pp. 60–61. See also: E. Kolig: ‘Bi:N and Gadeja’ etc, Oceania, 43, I, September 1972.
G. F. Moore: A Descriptive Vocabulary, p. 28.
Letter by ‘Delta’, The Inquirer, 11 May 1842.
G. Grey: Journals of Two Expeditions of Discovery etc, 2 vols, London 1841, 2, pp. 302–303.
Letter of Mr. T. Dodds, Cobham, 1 February 1839 in E. D. Cowan: ‘Letters of Early Settlers’, WAHS, 1, 1, 1927, p. 57.
G. Grey: Journals of Two Expeditions, 2, pp. 302–303.
F. Armstrong in Perth Gazette, 29 Oct. 1836.
G. F. Moore: A Descriptive Vocabulary, p. 28.
Diary of Dr. S. W. Viveash, 16 February 1840, Battye Library (hereafter BL) MSS, QB/VIV.
E. Shenton: ‘Reminiscences of Perth 1830–1840’, WAHS, 1, 1, 1927, p. 2.
C. Grey, Journal of Two Expeditions, 1, pp. 301–2.
E. J. Eyre: Journals of Expeditions, 2, p. 367.
E. D. Cowan: ‘Letters of Early Settlers’, p. 58.
W. E. Roth: North Queensland Ethnography Bulletin No. 5, p. 493.
J. Morgan: The Life and Adventures of William Buckley, p. 31.
29 October 1836.
Report of Protector of Aborigines, 30 June 1842, Colonial Secretary, Letters Received, SAA, GRG/24/6, p. 483.
Select Committee on the Native Mounted Police, QVP, 1861, p. 56.
Ibid, p. 57.
J. Morgan: The Life of William Buckley etc, p. 21.
Murray-Upper tapes, Black Oral History Collection: James Cook University.
6 October 1838.
Perth Gazette, 29 October 1836.
James Dredge to Bunting, 17 February 1840, James Dredge Notebook, La Trobe Library MSS, 421959.
E. D. Cowan: Letters of Early Settlers etc, p. 58.
Manners and Habits of the Aborigines of Western Australia, Perth Gazette, 29 October 1836.
Report of Protector of Aborigines, 30 June 1842, Colonial Secretary, Letters Received 1842, SAA, GRG/24/6/483.
21 July 1866.
E. Curr: The Australian Race, 1, p. 26.
L. E. Threlkeld: An Australian Grammar etc, p. xi.
George Frankland to Governor Arthur, 4 February 1829 in N. J. B. Plomley: Friendly Mission, p. 108.
Threlkeld’s Account of Mission to the Aborigines of New South Wales, ML. MSS, Bonwick Transcripts, Box 52.
E. J. Eyre: Journals of Expeditions etc, 2, p. 240.
G. Taplin: The Narrinyeri, etc, Adelaide 1878, p. 30.
D. R. Moore: Islanders and Aborigines, pp. 199–200.
G. S. Lang: The Aborigines of Australia, Melbourne 1865, p. 28.
N. J. B. Plomley: Friendly Mission, Hobart 1966, p. 264.
23 May 1830.
Rhys Jones: ‘Tasmanian Aborigines and Dogs’, Mankind, 7, 1970, p. 270.
E. Curr: The Australian Race, 3, p. 193.
Queenslander, 20 May 1871.
Ibid., 14 October 1871.
Report on Explorations in Cape York Peninsula, QVP, 2, 1881, p. 239.
D. F. Thomson: ‘The Dugong Hunters of Cape York’, Journal Royal Anthropological Institute, 64, 1934, p. 257.
G. Horne & G. Aiston: Savage Life in Central Australia, London 1928, p. 11.
Thomas to Robinson, 15 October 1840; Aboriginal Protectorate–Westernport; Victorian Public Records Office.
J. Jorgensen: ‘A Shred of Autobiography’, Hobart Town Almanach and Van Diemens Land Annual, 1838, p. 108.
Deposition of Thomas Grant re Collisons with Blacks at Portland Bay, Port Phillip Papers, 1840, NSW Col. Sec. 4/2510.
Mr. Newbolt in Rockhampton Bulletin, 5 August 1865. See also I. Henry to Col. Sec., Qld Col. Sec., 6952 of 1885, Col A/437, QSA.
Sydney Gazette, 19 May 1805.
C. Lumholtz: ‘Among the Natives of Australia’, Journal of American Geographical Society, 21, 1889, p. 11.
C. Chewings: Back in the Stone Age, p. 30.
H. S. Russell: The Genesis of Queensland, p. 281.
D. W. Moore: Aborigines and Islanders etc, p. 150.
W. Rogers: ‘A Noted Blackfellow’, Adelaide Observer, 14 June 1924.
K. L. Parker: The Euahlayi Tribe, London 1905, p. 36.
R. M. Berndt: ‘Wuradjeri Magic and Clever Men’, Oceania, 18, 1947–48, p. 71 and 17, 1946 47, p. 356.
A. K. Eckermann: Half-Caste, Out-Cast, Ph.D. thesis. University of Queensland 1977, pp. 122, 124.
G. A. Robinson to Col. Sec., 31 October 1831, 18 November 1831, 22 January 1835; Tas. Col. Sec. In Letters, Tasmanian State Archives (hereafter TSA), CSO/1/318.
G. F. Moore: A Descriptive Vocabulary, p. 105.
K. L. Parker: The Euahlayi Tribe, p. 39.
W. Tench: Sydney’s First Four Years, introduced by L. F. Fitzhardinge, Sydney 1961, p. 227.
N. J. B. Plomley: Friendly Mission, p. 262.
Select Committee on the Condition of the Aborigines, New South Wales Legislative Council Votes & Proceedings (hereafter NSWLCV&P), 1845, p. 18.
S. Newland: ‘The Parkinjees or the Aboriginal Tribes on the Darling River’, Proceedings Royal Geographical Society of Australia, South Australian Branch, 2, 1887–88, p. 26.
‘Shall We Admit the Blacks’? No. 2, Port Denison Times, 1 May 1869.
G. E. Loyau: The History of Maryborough etc, Brisbane 1897, p. 3.
E. Curr: The Australian Race, 1, pp. 100–106.
C. B. Dutton: Letter in North Australian, 13 December 1861.
F. H. Bauer: ‘The Kartans of Kangaroo Island, South Australia’ in A. P. Pilling and R. A. Waterman: Diprotodon to Detribalization, Michigan 1970, p. 198.
A. R. Radcliffe-Brown: ‘Three Tribes of Western Australia’, Journal of Royal Anthropological Institute, 43, 1913, p. 137.
A. R. Radcliffe-Brown: ‘The Social Organization of Australian Tribes’, Oceania, 1, 1930, p. 35.
N. B. Tindale: Aboriginal Tribes of Australia, Canberra 1974, p. 115. See also J. B. Birdsell: ‘Local Group Composition Among the Australian Aborigines’ etc, Current Anthropology, 11, 2, April 1970.
P. Sutton: Language Groups and Aboriginal Land Ownership, Paper delivered to Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies Conference, Canberra, May 1980, p. 8.
L. Sharp: ‘Ritual Life and Economics of the Yir-Yoront of Cape York Peninsula’, Oceania, 5, 1934, p. 23.
J. Morrell: Sketch of a Residence, p. 15.
D. F. Thomson: ‘The Hero Cult, Initiation and Totemism on Cape York’, Journal of Royal Anthropological Institute, 63, 1933, p. 461.
R. M. W. Dixon: The Dyirbal Language of North Queensland, Cambridge 1972, p. 35.
The Journal of Francis Tuckfield, La Trobe Library, MSS 655, p. 176.
E. S. Parker to G. A. Robinson, 20 June 1839, Port Phillip Papers, 1840 No. 39/10026, New South Wales Archives, 4/2510.
Aborigines: Australian Colonies, British Parliamentary Papers, 1844, p. 282.
Sydney Morning Herald, 7 October 1843.
W. Ridley: Appendix in J. D. Lang: Queensland, London 1861, p. 439.
J. D. Wood: Remarks on the Aborigines, 10 April 1862, Qld. Col. Sec. 1118 of 1862, QSA.
D. Thomson: ‘In Camp With the Stone Age Men’, Queenslander, 22 and 29 January 1931.
K. L. Parker: The Euahlayi Tribe, p. 52.
W. Thomas: Brief Remarks on the Aborigines of Victoria, 1838–39, La Trobe Library, MSS 7838, p. 3.
Ibid.
J. D. Wood: Remarks on the Aborigines, p. 2.
Jacob Lowe, Select Committee on the Native Police, p. 9.
Journal of Mr. Lewis’s Lake Eyre Expedition 1874–75, South Australia Parliamentary Papers, 2, 1876, p. 20. See also–C. Sturt: Two Expeditions, 2, p. 194 and J. Oxley: Journals of Two Expeditions, p. 347.
M. Moorhouse to A. M. Mundy, 12 July 1841, Protector of Aborigines Letterbook, 21 May 1840–6 January 1857, SAA GRG/52/7.
James Flinn to Thomas Scott, 21 November 1837, Papers Relating to the Aborigines, 1796–1839, NSW Archives, No. 1161.
M. Moorhouse to Mundy, 12 July 1841, Protector of Aborigines Letterbook, 21 May 1840–6 January 1857, SAA GRG/52/7.
W. L. Warner: A Black Civilization, New York 1958, p. 151.
Kirchliche Mitteilungen (Church News), 29 Sept. 1897.
R. Mansfield, Sydney 28 Nov. 1821, ML. MSS Bonwick Transcripts Box 52.
1 June 1833.
J. K. Wilson: Select Committee on Native Police, p. 74.
Report of Return of Mr. Petrie etc enclosed in report of Commissioner for Crown Lands, Moreton Bay, 30 May 1842; NSW Colonial Secretary in Letters, (hereafter NSW Col. Sec.) 4284 of 1842.
A. H. Brown: Select Committee on Native Police, p. 120.
Perth Gazette, 1 June 1833.
S. Simpson, Moreton Bay, HRA, Series 1, 24, p. 259.
F. F. Armstrong, Aboriginal Interpreter to Colonial Secretary, West Australia Colonial Secretary, In Letters, (hereafter WA Col. Sec.), 53, 1837.
J. D. Wood: Remarks on the Aborigines, p. 2.
Submission of Advocate General to Executive Council, 7 October 1841, Aborigines: Australian Colonies, 1844, p. 396.
Walker to Colonial Secretary, 3 April 1861, Qld. Col. Sec., 944 of 1861.
North Australian, 13 December 1861.
J. D. Wood: Remarks on the Aborigines.
Wiseman to Chief Commissioner of Crown Lands, 16 November 1857, Qld. Col. Sec., 4319 of 1857.
G. A. Robinson to Col. Sec., 30 January 1832, Tas. Col. Sec., CSO/1/318.
N. J. B. Plomley, Friendly Mission, p. 88.
R. Dry, Answers Given by Settlers . . . to Certain Questions etc, Tas. Col. Sec., CSO/1/323, pp. 289, 291.
Queensland Times, 15 November 1861.
Simpson to Col. Sec., 13 July 1842, New South Wales Colonial Secretary, In Letters, (hereafter NSW Col. Sec.), 4284 of 1842. See also W. Robertson: Cooee Talks, p. 142; H. S. Russell: The Genesis of Queensland, p. 279.
Extract from journal of W. Schmidt, Aborigines: Australian Colonies, p. 297.
Maitland Mercury, 5 February 1843.
J. D. McTaggart to Col. Sec., NSW Col. Sec., 1530 of 1858.
Government Resident, Port Curtis, to Col. Sec., NSW Col. Sec., 2128 of 1856.
Letter, W. H. Wiseman to Attorney General, Camboon, 29 April 1858; Select Committee on the Murders by the Aborigines on the Dawson River, NSW Legislative Assembly Votes and Proceedings, 2, 1858, p. 909.
W. H. Wiseman, Commissioner of Crown Lands, Leichhardt, to Chief Commissioner, Sydney, 28 August 1855; Letterbook of W. H. Wiseman, QSA, CCL 7/61.
Papers of G. A. Robinson, 57, 1845–49, ML, MSS A7078/1.
E. S. Parker, Quarterly Journal, 1 September-30 November 1840, Port Phillip Aboriginal Protectorate; North Western District, VPRO.
E. S. Parker: The Aborigines of Australia, Melbourne 1854.
E. S. Parker: Quarterly Reports, 1 March 1841 31 August 1841, Port Phillip Aboriginal Protectorate; North Western District, VPRO.
Quoted in A. R. Radcliffe-Brown: ‘The Rainbow Serpent Myth in South-East Australia’, Oceania, 1, 1930–31, p. 346.
M. Moorhouse to Col. Sec., 10 October 1849, Protector of Aborigines Letterbook, 21 May 1840–6 January 1857, SAA GRG/52/7.
E. J. Eyre: Journals of Expeditions, 2, pp. 358–359.
Diary, 1839. William Thomas Papers, ML. uncat. MSS 214.
Port Denison Times, 18 April 1874.
E. K. V.: ‘Our Aborigines’, Queenslander, 26 January 1884; An Ethnologist: ‘The Australian Aborigines’, Queenslander, 13 July 1895; W. Robertson: Cooee Talks, pp. 25–28; G. S. Lang: The Aborigines of Australia, pp. 28, 29.
K. L. Parker: The Euahlayi Tribe, pp. 48–49.
R. M. Berndt: Wuradjeri Magic and Clever Men, Part Two, Oceania, 18, 1947–48, pp. 73–74.
F. Walker to Col. Sec., 1 March 1852, NSWLCV&P, 1852, p. 791.
Diary of C. Palmerston, Queensland Heritage, 1, 8, May 1968, p. 29.
8 December 1875.
F. D. Browne: Respecting the Habits and Character of the Natives, Tas. Col. Sec., CSO/1/323.
Perth Gazette, 13 April 1833.
Cooktown Independent, 19 November 1890.
N. J. B. Plomley: Friendly Mission, p. 553.
H. S. Russell: The Genesis of Queensland, p. 281.
Capt. Clark: Answers Given by Settlers … (to) the Aborigines Committee, Tas. Col. Sec., CSO/1/323. See also: Police Magistrate, Bothwell to Col. Sec., Tas. Col. Sec., CSO/1/316, p. 39; A. Allingham: Taming the Wilderness, Townsville 1977, p. 157.
F. A. Dutton to Col. Sec., 1 November 1844, SA Col. Sec., GRG/24/6, p. 1249.
Adelaide Observer, 18 April 1846.
Capt. Clark: Answers Given by Settlers … etc, Tas. Col. Sec., op. cit.
A. Reid, Great Swanport, 2 January 1829, Tas. Col. Sec., CSO/1/323, p. 77.
T. Hooper, Black Marsh to T. Anstey, 18 August 1830, Tas. Col. Sec., CSO/1/316, pp. 571–574.
Ibid.
The Colonist, 16 February 1839.
J. Howe: ‘Outrages by the Blacks’, Hunter River Gazette, 12 February 1842.
J. Campbell: The Early Settlement of Queensland, Brisbane 1936, p. 11; A. Hodgson, P. M. to Col. Sec., NSW Col. Sec., 9744 of 1841; Native Police Incidents … etc by an ex-officer, Queenslander, 10 June 1899; Geographical Memoir of Melville Island and Port Essington, JRGS, 4, 1834, p. 153; M. Hartwig: The Progress of White Settlement in the Alice Springs District etc., Ph.D. Adelaide 1965, 2, p. 409.
11 September 1830.
Arthur to Sir George Murray, 12 September 1829, HRA, 1, 15, p. 446.
Historical Records of New South Wales (hereafter HRNSW), 5, p. 514.
Memorandum on the Means of Checking the Ravages of the Natives of Van Diemens Land; G. A. Arthur Papers, 19, ML, MSS A2179.
Quoted by J. E. Calder: Tasmanian Aborigines, ML, MSS A612, p. 249.
J. Jorgensen to T. Anstey, 24 February 1830, Tas. Col. Sec., CSO/1/320.
5 May 1840.
Reports of Mr. G. A. Robinson to Col. Sec., Tas. Col. Sec., CSO/1/318, pp. 383, 511, 513; N. J. B. Plomley: Friendly Mission, p. 553.
Select Committee on Native Mounted Police, p. 7.
Commissioner of Crown Lands, Moreton Bay to Col. Sec., 3 October 1843, NSW Col. Sec., 7448 of 1843 filed with 4122 of 1846.
21 January 1843.
3 June 1843.
Letter of Mr B. Doyle to C. M. Doyle, 19 January 1843, Maitland Mercury, 28 January 1843.
Sydney Morning Herald, 28 November 1848.
G. Caley: ‘A Short Account Relative to the Proceedings in New South Wales’, HRNSW, 6, p. 300.
Hunter to Portland, 2 January 1800, HRNSW, 4, p. 3.
See Tas. Col. Sec., CSO/1/316, pp. 127, 430–443.
Select Committee on Native Police, NSWLCV&P, 1856–57, 1, p. 1209.
HRA, 1, 25, p. 2.
Cooktown Courier, 1 January 1878.
Queenslander, 15 February 1879.
16 July 1830.
Ibid., 1 June 1831.
Report of Aborigines Committee, 27 August 1830, Papers of Aborigines Committee, Tas. Col. Sec., CSO/1/319, also CSO/1/323, p. 77.
Report of the Aborigines Committee, 20 October 1831; Papers Relative to the Aboriginal Tribes in British Possessions, BPP, 1834, p. 158.
Stirling to Aberdeen, 10 July 1835, Despatches to Colonial Office, 14 September 1834–6 December 1838, Letter 53, BL.
R. M. Lyon, ‘A Glance at the Manners and Language of the Aboriginal Inhabitants of W. Aus.’, Perth Gazette, 30 March 1833.
Geographical Memoirs of Melville Island, p. 153.
24 June 1874.
E. J. Eyre: Journals of Expeditions … etc, 2, 216–217.
Queenslander, 10 July 1880.
Robinson to La Trobe, 15 August 1841, Port Phillip Protectorate, In Letters, VPRO.
F. Tuckfield, Journal, pp. 95–96; Report of Assistant Protector, E. S. Parker to G. A. Robinson, 20 June 1839, Port Phillip Papers, 1840, Part 1.
W. H. Wiseman to Chief Commissioner, Crown Lands, 7 January 1857, NSW Col. Sec., 796 of 1857.
J. E. Tenison-Woods, ‘A Day with the Myalls’, 13 January 1882.
T.S.B., ‘The Niggers Again’, 26 June 1886.
C. Chewings: Back in the Stone Age, p. 131.
King to Hobart, 20 December 1804, HRA, 1, 5, pp. 166–167.
Sydney Morning Herald, 8 July 1842.
A. W. Howitt: Native Tribes … etc, p. 299.
J. Morrell: The Story … etc, p. 15.
14 January.
11 September 1880.
Queenslander, 23 February 1878.
Ibid., 15 May 1875.
25 September 1875.
30 September 1879. See also Queensland Parliamentary Debates, 32, 1880, p. 306; speech by Mr Baynes, Queenslander, 16, 23 August 1879; Maryborough Chronicle, 16 March 1880; John Mathew Papers, Institute of Aboriginal Studies, MSS 950.
Mudgee Guardian, 23 July 1900.
Ibid., 3 September 1900.
Sydney Morning Herald, 23 November 1900.
Ibid., 29 October 1900. See also H. Reynolds, ‘Jimmy Governor and Jimmie Blacksmith’, Australian Literary Studies, 9, 1, May 1979.
Report in Evening News, cutting enclosed in NSW Archives file, Police/4/8581.
G. A. Robinson Papers, 60, ML, MSS A7081, p. 46.
B. Threadgill: South Australian Land Exploration, 1856–1880, Adelaide 1922, p. 58.
C. Rolleston, Darling Downs, 11 January 1851, Reports of Commissioners of Crown Lands on the State of the Aborigines for 1850, Colonial Office Papers, CO 201/412.
Rev. J. Y. Wilson, Replies to Circular Letter from Select Committee on the Condition of the Aborigines, NSWLCV&P, 2nd Session 1846, p. 14.
Select Committee on the Condition of the Aborigines, NSWLCV&P, 1845, p. 55.
I. Crawford: William Thomas and the Port Phillip Protectorate 1839–1849, M. A. Melbourne 1967, p. 22.
W. Hull, Select Committee on the Aborigines, Proceedings of the Legislative Council of Victoria, 1858–59, D8, p. 12.
Dredge to Bunting, 17 February 1840, James Dredge Notebook, La Trobe Library, MSS 421959, Box 16/5.
Murray-Upper tapes, Black Oral History Collection: James Cook University.
E. S. Parker, Quarterly Report 1 December 1840–28 February 1841, Port Phillip Protectorate, 11, North West District, VPRO. Also Parker to Robinson, 1 January 1845; Aborigines 1842–52, NSW Col. Sec., 4/7153, NSW Archives.
Lonsdale to Deas Thomson, 28 October 1837, Aborigines and the Native Police, NSW Col. Sec., 4/1135. 1, NSW Archives.
The Journal of Francis Tuckfield, p. 299.
A. C. Grant: Early Station Life in Queensland, ML, MSS A858, p. 50.
M. J. Meggitt: Desert People, Sydney 1962, p. 25.
NSWLCV&P, 1846, p. 968.
NSWLCV&P, 1849, p. 18.
Select Committee on the Protectorate, NSWLCV&P, 1849, p. 18.
A. W. Howitt: Native Tribes, pp. 330–332.
Reports of Commissioners of Crown Lands for 1850 on the state of the Aborigines, Colonial Office CO 201/412, p. 239.
G. S. Olivey, Le Grange Bay, 14 May 1901, West Australia Parliamentary Papers, 2, 1901, No. 26, p. 50.
‘Natives of Central Australia’, Journal of Royal Geographical Society of Australasia, South Australia Branch (hereafter RGSSA), 4, 1898–1901, p. 27.
Hutt to Stanley, 8 April 1842, Aborigines: Australian Colonies, BPP, 1844, p. 413 also C. Symmons to Col. Sec., 31 December 1842, Ibid., p. 418.
E. S. Parker, quoted in M. F. Christie: Race Relations … in Early Victoria, p. 187.
‘Some Aborigines I Have Known’, RGSSA, 1894 5, pp. 43–45.
F. J. Gillen: ‘Natives of Central Australia’, p. 27. See also B. Spencer, F. J. Gillen: Across Australia, London 1912, p. 186; The Native Tribes of Central Australia, Dover edition, New York 1968, p. 8; The Arunta, London 1922, p. 7.
Government and General Order, 22 February 1796, HRNSW, 3, p. 26.
Government and General Order, 22 November 1801, HRNSW, 5, p. 628.
Moreton Bay correspondent, SMH, 12 October 1843.
Robinson to G. Whitcomb, 10 August 1832, Tasmanian Aborigines, ML, MSS A/612, p. 133.
D. R. Moore: Islanders and Aborigines, pp. 177, 231.
Papers Relative to the Affairs of South Australia, BPP, 1843, p. 299.
D. Collins: Account of the English Colony of New South Wales, 1798–1804, 2 vols, London 1802, 2, p. 96.
Ibid., 2, pp. 22, 28. See also B. Bridges: ‘Pemulwy: A Noble Savage’, Newsletter of the Royal Australian Historical Society, 88, 1970, pp. 3–4.
Perth Gazette, 2, 16 March, 6 April, 4, 18, 22 May, 1 June, 13 July 1833. See also B. T. Haynes et al: West Australian Aborigines 1622–1972, Perth 1973, pp. 5–6.
A. Hasluck: ‘Yagan the Patriot’, WAHS, 7, 1961, pp. 33–48. For Dundalli see J. J. Knight: In the Early Days, Brisbane 1895; T. Petrie: Reminiscences of Early Queensland, Brisbane 1932; T. Welsby: Collected Works, 2 vols, Brisbane 1907.
C. Symmons, Protector of Aborigines, quarterly report to Col. Sec., 30 June 1841, WA Col. Sec., 95, 1841.
G. Taplin: The Folklore, Manners, Customs etc, p. 12.
W. Walker, Sydney, 5 December, 1821, Bonwick Transcripts ML:MSS Box 21.
G. F. Moore to Col. Sec., 23 October 1837, WACSO, 56, 1837.
Rev. Horton, 1822, reported in J. Bonwick: The Last of the Tasmanians, London 1870, p. 93.
Reports of Mr G. A. Robinson whilst in pursuit of the Natives, Tas. Col. Sec., CSC.
M. Sahlens: Stone Age Economics, London 1974, pp. 93–94.
Macquarie to Bathurst, 8 October 1814, HRA, 1, 8, 368.
Aborigines: Australian Colonies, BPP 1844, p. 119.
Quarterly Report of Protector of Aborigines, 31 March 1842, W.A. Col. Sec., 108/1842.
Peter Brown, York, 20 July 1840 to Col. Sec., W.A. Col. Sec., 89/1840.
Select Committee on the Aborigines and the Protectorate, NSWLCV&P, 1849, p. 17.
HRA, 1, 8, pp. 368–369.
Select Committee on the Aborigines and the Protectorate, NSWLCV&P, 1849, p. 17.
Marsden, Sydney, 21 November 1825, Bonwick Transcripts ML/MSS Box 53.
J. McLaren: My Crowded Solitude, Sun Books, Melbourne 1966, p. 37.
Ibid., p. 40.
Hutt to Stanley, 8 April 1842, Aborigines: Australian Colonies, 1844, BPP, p. 412.
S. Simpson, Moreton Bay, 31 December 1849, Commissioners of Crown Lands Reports on the Conditions of the Aborigines for 1849, Colonial Office, CO 201/430.
A Lady (pseud.): My Experiences in Australia etc, London 1860 in I. McBride (ed.): Records of Time Past, Canberra 1978, p. 249.
J. B. Walker: Early Tasmania, Hobart 1902, p. 249.
Annual Report of the Chief Protector of Aborigines, 1841, Port Phillip Aborigines Protectorate, Box 10.
E. S. Parker, Statement without date, Loddon, Port Phillip Aborigines Protectorate, Box 12.
D. Collins: An Account of the English Colony of New South Wales, London 1802, pp. 328–329.
Robinson to La Trobe, 14 December 1839, Aborigines and the Native Police, NSW CSO/4/1135.1.
Report of Assistant Protector Parker, 20 June 1839, Port Phillip Papers, NSW Col. Sec., 1840, 4/2510.
G. S. Olivey, Inspector of Aborigines, La Grange Bay, 14 May 1901, WAPP, 2, 1901, No. 26, p. 50.
Ibid, p. 49.
WAPP, 2, 1902 3, No. 32, p. 18.
Report of Protector of Aborigines, 10 February 1842, S. A. Col. Sec., GRG/24/6.
E. Curr: Recollections of Squatting in Victoria, Melbourne 1883, p. 299.
Annual Report, Port Phillip Aboriginal Protectorate, 1848, Box 11.
3 December 1842.
HRA, 1, 8, pp. 370–371.
Victorian Parliamentary Papers, 3, 1877–1878, No. 76, p. 532.
Aborigines and the Native Police, NSW Col. Sec., CSO/4/1135.1.
Quoted in J. Bonwick: The Last of the Tasmanians, London 1870, p. 356.
Select Committee on the Native Police, QVP, 1861, p. 116.
The Last of the Tasmanians, pp. 382–384.
M. B. Hale: The Aborigines of Australia, London c. 1889, pp. 24–25.
G. Grey: Journals … , 2, pp. 370–371.
Select Committee on the Aborigines and the Protectorate, NSWLCV&P, 1849, p. 17.
G. Taplin, The Narrinyeri, pp. 8, 9.
J. Bulmer: Some Account of the Aborigines of the Lower Murray etc., Proceedings Royal Geographical Society of Victoria, 1, 5, March 1888, p. 30.
James Gunther Lecture, ML/MSS B505.
Quoted in The Mapoon Story, 2, Sydney 1975, p. 24.
Ibid.
G. Taplin (ed.): The Folklore, Manners, Customs etc., p. 12.
Journal of an Expedition, pp. 416–417.
The Examiner, 3 December 1842.
Ibid.
The Last of the Tasmanians, p. 349.
Reports of J. B. Walker and G. W. Walker, ML/MSS B706.
Select Committee on the Aborigines and the Protectorate, NSWLCV&P, 1849, pp. 14, 27.
Ibid, p. 25.
Reports of the Commissioners of Crown Lands …, Colonial Office, COL/201/442.
R. H. Bland to Col. Sec., 4 January 1843, Aborigines: Australian Colonies, 1844, BPP, p. 417.
G. Wyndham: Answer to Questionnaire of Immigration Committee re Aborigines, ML/MSS A/611.
Journal of an Expedition, pp. 14, 16, 67, 69, 70.
Acting Sergeant J. Dunn, Burketown to Inspector of Police, Normanton, 15 May 1897, Qld Police Commissioner’s File 412M, 17785 of 1897.
Report of Northern Protector of Aborigines, 1902, QVP, 2, 1903.
Commandant to Col. Sec., Callandoon, 1 March 1852, NSWLCV&P, 1852, p. 790.
P. Sutton, L. Hercus, Barnabus Roberts in oral history collection pending publication with Institute of Aboriginal Studies, Canberra.
‘Bulleta’: The Case for the Aboriginals, Queenslander, 12 November 1898.
Queenslander, 20 July 1895.
Report of Return of Mr Petrie from an excursion to the north, NSW Col. Sec., 4284 of 1842.
Portland Mercury, 5 October 1842.
T. F. Bride (ed): Letters from Victorian Pioneers, Melbourne 1969, pp. 103, 270.
H. C. Corfield in NSW Col. Sec., 9029 of 1850.
SMH, 5 October 1840.
Adelaide Observer, 18 April 1846. Report of a Journey to Mt. Bryan, SA Col. Sec., GRG/24/6.
A. MacPherson: Mount Abundance, London 1879, p. 32.
C. Eden: My Wife and I in Queensland, London 1872, p. 221.
16 April 1846.
HRA, 1, 24.
A Journal of an Expedition, p. 16.
J. Gormly: Exploration and Settlement on the Murray and Murrumbidgee [sic], Journal and Proceedings Australian Historical Society, 2, 2, 1966, p. 40.
Edward Mayne, 3 July 1843, Aborigines: Australian Colonies, BPP, 1844, p. 229.
6 January 1849.
D. S. MacMillan: Bowen Downs 1863–1903, Sydney 1963, p. 22.
Aborigines: Australian Colonies, BPP, 1844, pp. 114–116.
HRA, 1, 25, p. 2.
Reports from Resident Magistrate … on Special Duty to the Murchison and Gascoyne Districts, West Australia Legislative Council Votes & Proceedings, 1882, No. 33, p. 10.
Ibid.
Some Aborigines I Have Known, pp. 53–54.
C. R. Haly, QVP, 1861, p. 80.
E. W. Palmer to A. W. Howitt, 5 August 1882, Howitt Papers, National Museum of Victoria.
Select Committee on the Aborigines Bill, SAPP, 1899, No. 77, p. 26.
Ibid pp. 113–114.
I. F. Kelsey, Bowen to H.E. The Governor, 22 October 1869, Qld Col. Sec., 852 of 1870.
A. S. Haydon, ‘Slavery in Queensland’, Queenslander, 12 April 1884.
A. C. Grant: Early Station Life, p. 96.
Back in the Stone Age, p. 44.
23 May 1885.
A. Searcy: In Northern Seas, Adelaide 1905, p. 10.
Commissioner of Crown Lands to Col. Sec., 14 January 1842, Aborigines: Australian Colonies, BPP, 1844. For Bass Strait see S. Murray-Smith: ‘Beyond the Pale: The Island Community of Bass Strait in the Nineteenth Century’, THRA, 20, 4, December 1973, p. 172.
First Discovery of Port Davey and Macquarie Harbour by Captain James Kelly 1815 16 and 1824, Tasmanian Legislative Council Votes & Proceedings, 1881, No. 75, p. 14.
A. C. V. Bligh: The Golden Quest, Sydney 1938, p. 35. See also Dispatches between the Governor and the Secretary of State, WALCV&P, 1872, No. 5.
C. Anderson: Aboriginal Economy and Contact Relations at Bloomfield River etc, Newsletter Australian Institute of Aboriginal Affairs, 12, September 1979, p. 35.
Ibid.
Missionary Notes, 15 January 1896.
W. H. Hovell: Remarks on a Voyage to Western Port, 7 November 1826–25 March 1827, La Trobe Library MSS CY, 8, 1/32C.
C. Anderson: Aboriginal Economy and Contact Relations at Bloomfield River etc, p. 35.
E. W. Streeter: Pearls and Pearling Life, London 1886, p. 158.
Report on the Pearl Shell Fisheries of Torres Strait, QVP, 1880, 2, p. 1165. See also Streeter, p. 166 for the north-west.
Editorial ‘Aboriginal Murderers’, 19 November 1890.
W. Saville-Kent: Pearl and Pearl Shell Fisheries of North Queensland, QVP, 1890, 3, p. 731.
21 April 1805.
14 May 1814.
E. C. Putt, Barron River, 13 July 1888.
Bidwell to Chief Commissioner of Crown Lands, Tenana, 14 October 1852, NSW Col. Sec., 9967 of 1852.
Thirty-three Years in Tasmania and Victoria, London 1862, p. 57.
27 January.
Etheridge correspondent of Cleveland Bay Express, 25 October 1873.
Queenslander, 8 December 1877.
A. C. Haldane, Mining Warden, Etheridge, QVP, 3, 1888.
A Day in the Life of the Blacks, Church News, 29, 6 June 1897, pp. 46–47.
M. Durack, The Rock and the Sand, p. 730.
Church News, 21, 3, March 1889, p. 21.
M. Hartwig, The Progress of White Settlement in the Alice Springs District, Ph.D., Adelaide 1965, p. 514.
Church News, 21, February 1889, p. 12.
Ibid., 29, 8, August 1897, p. 63.
Ibid., 26, 8, 1894.
Journal of W. Schmidt, 28 December 1842–6 January 1843, p. 123; Papers of J. D. Lang, Vol. 20, ML MSS A2240.
Missionary Notes, 15 August 1895, p. 72.
Ibid., 15 November 1895, p. 72.
Ibid., 15 December 1895, p. 104.
Ibid., 22 June 1896, p. 44.
Ibid.
W. H. Wiseman in Rockhampton Bulletin, 21 January 1871.
‘Live and Let Live’, Cooktown 3 July, Queenslander, 20 July 1895.
‘Aboriginal Territorial Organization’, Oceania, 36, 1, September 1965, p. 17.
E. J. Eyre, Journals of Expeditions, 2, pp. 373, 445.
Letter ‘The Nigger Nuisance’, J.N.W., Northern Territory Times, 13 February 1874.
A. K. Eckermann, Half-Cast–Out Cast, Ph.D., Queensland 1977, p. 130.
Quarterly Report of Protector of Aborigines, 30 June 1843, SA Col. Sec., GRG/24/6 A(1843), p. 132; Quarterly Report of Aborigines Department, SA Col. Sec., GRG/24/6 A(1843), p. 812.
Maryborough correspondent, Queenslander, 23 February 1867.
Moreton Bay Courier, 3 July 1858; Maryborough Chronicle, 3 July 1858, 14 May 1863. A. E. Halloran, Commissioner for Crown Lands, Wide Bay to Chief Commissioner, 26 December 1856; Letterbook of Commissioner for Wide Bay and Burnett, QSA 30/11.
Queenslander, 6 March 1869.
Rockhampton News, 13 November 1865 quoted in Queensland Times, 23 November 1865.