Black Macho and the Myth of the Superwoman

Andrews, William L., ed., Black Women’s Slave Narratives, New York: Oxford University Press, 1987.

Baker, Houston A. Jr., Blues, Ideology, and Afro-American Literature, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1984.

—— Modernism and the Harlem Renaissance, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987.

—— and P. Redmon, eds, Afro-American Literary Study in the 90s, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1990.

Bell, Roseann Pope, Bettye J. Parker, and Beverly Guy-Sheftall, eds, Sturdy Black Bridges: Visions of Black Women in Literature, New York: Anchor Books, 1979.

Bowles, Juliet, ed., In the Memory and Spirit of Frances, Zora and Lorraine: Essays and Interviews Relating to Black Women and Writing, Washington, DC: Howard University Institute for the Arts and Humanities, 1975.

Braxton, Joanne M., Black Women Writing Autobiography: A Tradition Within a Tradition, Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1989.

—— and Andree Nicola McLaughlin, eds, Wild Women in the Whirlwind: Afro-American Culture and the Contemporary Literary Renaissance, New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1990.

Brown-Guillory, Elizabeth, Their Place on the Stage: Black Women Playwrights in America, Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1988.

Carby, Hazel V., Reconstructing Womanhood: The Emergence of the Afro-American Novelist, New York: Oxford University Press, 1987.

Christian, Barbara, Black Feminist Criticism: Perspectives on Black Women Writers, New York: Pergamon Press, 1985.

—— Black Women Novelists: The Development of a Tradition 1892–1976, Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1980.

Cone, James, The Spirituals and the Blues: An Interpretation, New York: Seabury Press, 1972.

Dearborn, Mary V., Pocahontas’s Daughters: Gender and Ethnicity in American Culture, New York: Oxford University Press, 1986.

Dendridge, Rita, ‘Male Critics/Black Women’s Novels’, CLA Journal, vol. 23, no. 1, September 1979.

—— ‘On Novels By Black American Women: A Bibliographical Essay’, Women’s Studies Newsletter, vol. 6, no. 3, Summer 1978, pp. 28–30.

Evans, Mari, ed., Black Women Writers 1950–1980: A Critical Evaluation, Garden City, NY: Anchor Press/Doubleday, 1984.

Exum, Pat, Contemporary Black Women Writers, Deland, Fla.: Everett/Edwards, 1976.

Fisher, Dexter, and Robert E. Stepto, eds, Afro-American Literature: The Reconstruction of Instruction, New York: Modern Language Association of America, 1979.

Gates, Henry Louis Jr., ed., Black Literature and Black Literary Theory, New York and London: Methuen, 1984.

—— ed., The Classic Slave Narratives, New York: Mentor/New American Library, 1987.

—— Figures in Black: Words, Signs, and the Racial’ Self, New York: Oxford University Press, 1987.

—— ed., Reading Black/Reading Feminist: A Critical Anthology, New York: Meridian/New American Library, 1990.

Giovanni, Nikki, and James Baldwin, A Dialogue: James Baldwin and Nikki Giovanni, Philadelphia: Lippincott 1973.

—— and Margaret Walker, A Poetic Equation: Conversations between Nikki Giovanni and Margaret Walker, Washington DC: Howard University Press, 1974.

Hammonds, Evelyn, ‘Toward a Black Feminist Aesthetic’, Sojourner, October 1980.

Harley, Sharon, and Roslyn Terborg-Penn, eds, The Afro-American Woman: Struggle and Images, Port Washington, NY: Kennikat Press, 1978.

Harris, Trudier, ‘Folklore in the Fiction of Alice Walker: A Perspective of Historical and Literary Traditions’, Black American Literature Forum 2, Spring 1977, pp. 3–8.

—— From Mammies to Militants: Domestics in Black American Literature, Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1982.

Hernton, Calvin, The Sexual Mountain and Black Women Writers, New York: Anchor/Doubleday, 1987.

Honey, Maureen, ed., Shadowed Dreams: Women’s Poetry of the Harlem Renaissance, New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1989.

Hull, Gloria T., Color, Sex and Poetry: Three Women Writers of the Harlem Renaissance, Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1987.

—— Patricia Bell Scott, and Barbara Smith, eds, All the Women Are White, All the Blacks Are Men, But Some of Us Are Brave: Black Women’s Studies, Old Westbury, NY: The Feminist Press, 1982.

Johnson, Barbara, Give Us Each Day: The Diary of Alice Dunbar-Nelson, New York: W.W. Norton, 1985.

—— A World of Difference, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1987.

Lee, Robert A., Black Fiction: New Studies in the Afro-American Novel Since 1945, New York: Barnes and Noble, 1980.

McDowell, Deborah E., ‘New Directions for Black Feminist Criticism’, in Elaine Showalter, ed., The New Feminist Criticism, New York: Pantheon Books, 1985.

—— and Arnold Rampersad, Slavery and the Literary Imagination, Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1988.

O’Neale, Sondra, ‘Inhibiting Midwives, Usurping Creators: The Struggling Emergence of Black Women in Fiction’, in Teresa de Lauretis, ed., Feminist Studies/Critical Studies, Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1986.

Pryse, Marjorie, and Hortense Spillers, eds, Conjuring: Black Women, Fiction and the Literary Tradition, Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1985.

Sadoff, Diane F., ‘Black Matrilineality: The Case of Alice Walker and Zora Neale Hurston’, Signs 11, Autumn 1985, pp. 4–26.

Shockley, Ann Allen, Afro-American Women Writers, 1746–1933: An Anthology and Critical Guide, Boston: G.K. Hall, 1989.

Sims, Rudine, Shadow and Substance: Afro-American Experience in Contemporary Children’s Fiction, Urbana: National Council of Teachers of English, 1982.

Smith, Barbara, ‘Toward a Black Feminist Criticism’, in Elaine Showalter, ed., The New Feminist Criticism, New York: Pantheon Books, 1985.

Smith, Valerie, Self-Discovery and Authority in Afro-American Narratives, Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1987.

Smitherman, Geneva, Talkin and Testifyin: The Language of Black America, Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1986.

Spelman, Elizabeth V., ‘Theories of Race and Gender: The Erasure of Black Women’, Quest 5, 1979, p. 42.

Spillers, Hortense, ‘Interstices: A Small Drama of Words’, in Carole S. Vance, ed., Pleasure and Danger: Exploring Female Sexuality, New York: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1984.

Stepto, Robert B., From Behind the Veil: A Study of Afro-American Narrative, Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1979.

Tate, Claudia, ed., Black Women Writers At Work, New York: Continuum, 1983.

Wade-Gayles, Gloria, No Crystal Stair: Visions of Race and Sex in Black Women’s Fiction, New York: Pilgrim Press, 1984.

Wall, Cheryl, ‘Poets and Versifiers, Singers and Signifiers: Women of the Harlem Renaissance’, in Kenneth W. Wheeler and Virginia Lee Lussier, eds, Women, the Arts, and the 1920s in Paris and New York, New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Press/Rutgers University, 1982.

—— ed., Changing Our Own Words: Essays on Criticism, Theory, and Writing by Black Women, New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1988.

Watson, Carole M., Prologue: The Novels of Black American Women 1891–1965, Westport, Conn, and London: Greenwood Press, 1985.

White, Jack, ‘The Black Person in Art: How Should S/he Be Portrayed?’, Black American Literature Forum, no. 21, Spring/Summer 1987, pp. 19–22.

Willis, Susan, ‘Black Women Writers: Taking a Critical Perspective’, in Gayle Green and Coppelia Kahn, eds, Making a Difference: Feminist Literary Criticism, New York and London: Methuen, 1985.

—— Specifying: Black Women Writing the American Experience, Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press, 1988.

Yellin, Jean Fagan, Women and Sisters: Antislavery Feminists in American Culture, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1990.

—— ‘Written By Herself: Harriet Jacobs’s Slave Narrative’, American Literature no. 53, November 1981, pp. 479–86.

2. Collections of Writing by Afro-American Women

Andrews, William L., intro., Six Women’s Slave Narratives, New York: Oxford University Press (Schomburg Library of Nineteenth-Century Black Women Writers), 1988.

Anzaldua, Gloria, and Cherrie Moraga, eds, This Bridge Called My Back: Writings by Radical Women of Color, Latham, NY: Kitchen Table Press, 1981, 1983.

Bambara, Toni Cade, ed., The Black Woman: An Anthology, New York: New American Library, 1970.

Baraka, Amina and Amiri Baraka, eds, Confirmations: An Anthology of African-American Women, New York: William Morrow, 1983.

Bathelemy, Anthony G., intro., Collected Black Women’s Narratives, New York: Oxford University Press (Schomburg Library of Nineteenth-Century Black Women Writers), 1988.

Exum, Pat, Keeping the Faith: Writings by Contemporary Black Women, Greenwich, Conn.: Fawcett Publications, 1974.

Gaptooth Girlfriends, eds, Gaptooth Girlfriends: An Anthology, Brooklyn, NY: Gaptooth Girlfriends Publications, 1981.

—— Gaptooth Girlfriends: The Third Act, New York: Third Act Press, 1985.

Giovanni, Nikki, ed., Night Comes Softly: An Anthology of Black Female Voices, Newark, NJ: Medic Press, 1970.

Hatch, James V., Black Theatre, USA: Forty-five Plays by Black Americans, 1847–1974, New York: Free Press, 1974.

Houchins, Sue E., intro., Spiritual Narratives, New York: Oxford University Press (Schomburg Library of Nineteenth-Century Black Women Writers), 1988.

Lotus Press, ed., Blacksong Series I: Four Poetry Broadsides by Black Women, Detroit: Lotus Press, 1977.

Perkins, Kathy A., ed., Black Female Playwrights: An Anthology of Plays Before 1950, Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1989.

Plato, Ann, Essays, New York: Oxford University Press (Schomburg Library of Nineteenth-Century Black Women Writers), 1988.

Portland State University Center for Black Students, eds, An Anthology of Black Women Poets of Oregon, Portland, Ore.: Portland State University, 1980.

Sherman, Joan R., ed., Collected Black Women’s Poetry, New York: Oxford University Press (Schomburg Library of Nineteenth-Century Women Writers), 1988.

Smith, Barbara, ed., Home Girls: A Black Feminist Anthology, Latham, NY: Kitchen Table Press, 1983.

Stetson, Erlene, ed., Black Sister: Poetry by Black American Women, 1746–1980, Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1981.

Walker, Alice, ed., I Love Myself When I Am Laughing … and Then Again When I Am Looking Mean and Impressive: A Zora Neale Hurston Reader, New York: Feminist Press, 1979.

Washington, Mary Helen, ed., Black-Eyed Susans: Classic Stories by and about Black Women, New York: Anchor/Doubleday, 1975.

—— ed., Midnight Birds: Stories of Contemporary Black Women Writers, New York: Anchor/Doubleday, 1980.

—— ed., Invented Lives: Narratives of Black Women 1860–1960, New York: Anchor Press, 1987; London: Virago, 1989.

Wilkerson, Margaret B., ed., Nine Plays by Black Women, New York: Mentor, 1986.

3. Afro-American Feminist Studies

Anderson, S.E., and Rosemari Mealy, ‘Who Originated the Crises? A Historical Perspective’, The Black Scholar, no. 10, May/June 1979, pp. 40–44.

Aptheker, Bettina, Women’s Legacy: Essays on Race, Sex, and Class in American History, Amherst, Mass.: University of Massachusetts Press, 1982.

Barrett, Michèle, Women’s Oppression Today: The Marxist/Feminist Encounter, revised edn., London: Verso, 1988.

Brownmiller, Susan, Against Our Will, New York: Simon and Schuster, 1975.

Cantarow, Ellen, with Susan G. O’Malley and Sharon Hartman Strom, Moving the Mountain: Women Working for Social Change, Old Westbury, NY: Feminist Press/McGraw-Hill, 1980.

Carby, Hazel V., ‘ “On the Threshold of Woman’s Era”: Lynching, Empire, and Sexuality in Black Feminist Theory’, Critical Inquiry, Autumn 1985, pp. 262–78.

—— ‘It Just Be Dat Way Sometime: The Sexual Politics of Women’s Blues’, Radical America, vol. 20, no. 4, June/July 1986, pp. 9–22.

—— ‘White Woman Listen! Black Feminism and the Boundaries of Sisterhood’, in Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies, University of Birmingham, eds, The Empire Strikes Back: Race and Racism in 70s Britain, London: Hutchinson in Association with the Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies, University of Birmingham, 1982.

Chisholm, Shirley, ‘Racism and Anti-Feminism’, The Black Scholar, 1970, pp. 40–45.

Cole, Johnetta, All-American Women: Lines That Divide, Ties That Bind, New York: Free Press, 1985.

—— ‘Militant Black Women in Early US History’, The Black Scholar, no. 9, April 1978, pp. 38–45.

Collier-Thomas, Bettye, Black Women in America: Contributors to Our Heritage, Washington, DC: Bethune Museum Archives, 1983.

—— Black Women: Organizing for Social Change 1800–1920, Washington, DC: Bethune Museum Archives, 1984.

—— National Council of Negro Women, 1935–1980, Washington, DC: Bethune Museum Archives, 1981.

Daniels, Bonnie, ‘For Colored Girls … A Catharsis’, The Black Scholar, no. 10, May/June 1979, pp. 61–2.

Davidson, Sara, Loose Change: Three Women of the 60s, Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1977.

Davis, Angela, ‘Reflections of the Black Woman’s Role in the Community of Slaves’, The Black Scholar, no. 3, December 1971, pp. 2–15.

—— Violence Against Racism and the Ongoing Challenge to Racism, Latham, NY: Kitchen Table Press, 1987.

—— Women, Race and Class, New York: Random House, 1981.

—— Women, Culture and Politics, New York: Random House, 1989.

—— and Bettina Aptheker, eds, If They Come in the Morning: Voices of Resistance, New York: New American Library, 1971.

Deutrich, Mable E., and Virginia C. Purdy, eds, Clio Was A Woman: Studies in the History of American Women, Washington, DC: Howard University Press, 1980.

Diamond, Esther, ed., Issues of Sex Bias and Sex Fairness in Career Interest Measurement, Washington, DC: Dept. of Health, Education and Welfare, 1975.

Dill, Bonnie, ‘The Dialectics of Black Womanhood’, Signs, no. 4, Spring 1979, pp. 543–55.

Echols, Alice, Daring to Be Bad: Radical Feminism in America, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1989.

Edwards, Harry, ‘A Time To Listen’, The Black Scholar, no. 10, May/June 1979, pp. 59–61.

Fabio, Sarah Webster, ‘Blowing the Whistle on Some Jive’, The Black Scholar, no. 10, May/June 1979, pp. 56–8.

Giddings, Paula, In Search of Sisterhood: Delta Sigma Theta and the Challenge of the Black Sorority Movement, New York: William Morrow, 1988.

—— When and Where I Enter: The Impact of Black Women on Race and Sex in America, New York: William Morrow, 1984.

Giovanni, Nikki, Sacred Cows and Other Edibles, New York: William Morrow, 1988.

Gornick, Vivian, and Barbara K. Moran, Woman in Sexist Society: Studies in Power and Powerlessness, New York: Basic Books, 1971.

Harrison, Daphne Duval, Black Pearls: Blues Queens of the 1920s, New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1988.

Hine, Darlene Clarke, When the Truth is Told: a History of Black Women’s Culture and Community in Indiana, 1875–1958, Indianapolis: National Council of Negro Women Indiana Section, 1981.

Hood, Elizabeth, ‘Black Women, White Women, Different Paths to Liberation’, The Black Scholar, no. 9, April 1978, pp. 45–56.

Hooks, Bell, Ain’t I a Woman?: Black Women and Feminism, Boston: South End Press, 1981.

—— Feminist Theory: From Margin to Center, Boston: South End Press, 1984.

—— Talking Back, Boston: South End Press, 1989.

Horton, James Oliver, ‘Freedom’s Yoke: Gender Conventions Among Antebellum Free Blacks’, Feminist Studies, vol. 12, no. 1, Spring 1986, pp. 51–76.

Jackson, Jacquelyne J., Black Women: Their Problems and Power, New York: Barrons, 1974.

Jaggar, Alison M., and Paula S. Rothenberg, eds, Feminist Frameworks: Alternative Theoretical Accounts of the Relations Between Men and Women, New York: McGraw-Hill, 1984.

Jones, Jacquelyn, Labor of Love, Labor of Sorrow: Black Women, Work, and the Family from Slavery to the Present, New York: Basic Books, 1985.

Jones, Terry, ‘The Need To Go Beyond Stereotypes’, The Black Scholar, no. 10, May/June 1979, pp. 48–9.

Jordan, June, ‘Black Women Haven’t Got It All’, The Black Scholar, no. 10, May/June 1979, pp. 39–40.

—— Civil Wars, Boston: Beacon Press, 1981.

—— On Call: Political Essays, Boston: South End Press, 1985.

Joseph, Gloria, and Jill Lewis, Common Differences: Conflicts in Black and White Feminist Perspectives, New York: Anchor/Doubleday, 1981.

Karenga, M. Ron, ‘On Wallace’s Myths: Wading Thru Troubled Waters’, The Black Scholar, no. 10, May/June 1979, pp. 36–9.

Lader, Joyce, Tomorrow’s Tomorrow: The Black Woman, New York: Doubleday, 1971.

Lerner, Gerda, ed., Black Women in White America: A Documentary History, New York: Vintage Books, 1973.

—— The Majority Finds Its Past: Placing Women in History, New York: Oxford University Press, 1979.

Lewis, Diane K., ‘A Response to Inequality: Black Women, Racism, and Sexism’, in Sheila Ruth, ed., Issues in Feminism: A First Course in Women’s Studies, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1980.

Lieb, Sandra, Mother of the Blues: A Study of Ma Rainey, Amherst: The University of Massachusetts Press, 1971.

Lorde, Audre, A Burst of Light, Ithaca, NY: Firebrand; London: Sheba, 1988.

—— The Cancer Journals, San Francisco, Calif.: Spinster Aunt Lute, 1980; London: Sheba, 1985.

—— ‘Feminism and Black Liberation: The Great American Disease’, The Black Scholar, no. 10, May/June 1979, pp. 17–20.

—— Uses of the Erotic: The Erotic as Power, New York: Out and Out Press, 1978.

—— Sister Outsider: Essays and Speeches, Trumansberg, NY.: Crossing Press, 1984.

Malveaux, Julianne, ‘Political and Historical Aspects of Black Male/Female Relationships: the Sexual Politics of Black People: Angry Black Women, Angry Black Men’, The Black Scholar, no. 10, May/June 1979, pp. 32–5.

McCluskey, Audrey T., ed., Women of Color: Perspectives on Feminism and Identity, Bloomington: Women’s Studies Program, 1985.

Noble, Jeanne, Beautiful Also Are the Souls of My Black Sisters: A History of Black Women in America, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1978.

Omolade, Barbara, ‘Black Women and Feminism’, in Hester Eisenstein and Alice Jardine, eds, The Future of Difference, New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1985.

—— It’s a Family Affair: Black Single Mothers, Latham, NY: Kitchen Table Press, 1987.

Poussaint, Alvin F., ‘White Manipulation and Black Oppression’, The Black Scholar, no. 1o, May/June 1979, pp. 52–5.

Reid, Inez Smith, ‘Together’ Black Women, New York: Emerson, 1971.

Rich, Adrienne, Blood, Bread, and Poetry: Selected Prose, 1979–1985, New York: W.W. Norton, 1986.

—— On Lies, Secrets, and Silences: Selected Prose, 1966–1978, New York: W.W. Norton, 1979.

Rodgers-Rose, La Frances, ed., The Black Women, Beverly Hills, Calif.: Sage, 1980.

Sanchez, Sonia, Crisis in Culture: Two Speeches by Sonia Sanchez, New York: Black Liberation Press, 1983.

Shange, Ntozake, ‘is not so gd to be born a girl (1)’, The Black Scholar, no. 10, May/June 1979, pp. 28–9.

—— ‘otherwise i would think it odd to have rape prevention week (2)’, The Black Scholar, no. 10, May/June 1979, pp. 29–30.

—— See No Evil: Prefaces, Essays, and Accounts, San Francisco: Momo’s Press, 1984.

Sojourner, Sabrina, ‘The Perpetuation of Myths’, The Black Scholar, no. 10, May/June 1979, pp. 31–2.

Spillers, Hortense, ‘A Day in the Life of Civil Rights’, The Black Scholar, no. 9, May/June 1978, pp. 20–27.

Spruill, Julia C., Women’s Life and Work in the Southern Colonies, New York: Norton, 1972.

Staples, Robert, The Black Woman in America: Sex, Marriage and the Family, Chicago: Nelson Hill, 1973.

—— ‘The Myth of Black Macho: A Response to Angry Black Feminists’, The Black Scholar, no. 10, March/April 1979, pp. 26–7.

—— ‘A Rejoinder: Black Feminism and the Cult of Masculinity: The Danger Within’, The Black Scholar, no. 10, May/June 1979, pp. 63–7.

Steady, Filomena Chioma, The Black Woman Cross-Culturally, Cambridge, Mass.: Schenkman, 1981.

Sterling, Dorothy, ed., We Are Your Sisters: Black Women in the Nineteenth Century, New York: W. W. Norton, 1985.

Stone, Pauline Terrelonge, ‘The Limitation of Reformist Feminism’, The Black Scholar, no. 10, May/June 1979, pp. 24–7.

Toure, Askia M., ‘Black Male/Female Relations: A Political Overview of the 1970s’, The Black Scholar, no. 10, May/June 1979, pp. 45–8.

Walker, Alice, In Search of Our Mothers’ Gardens: Womanist Prose, New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1983; London: Women’s Press 1984.

Watkins, Mel, ‘An Interview With Ishmael Reed’, Southern Review, no. 21, July 1985, pp. 603–14.

—— ‘Sexism, Racism, and Black Women Writers’, The New York Times Book Review, June 15, 1986, pp. 1, 35.

Wertheimer, Barbara M., We Were There: The Story of Working Women in America, New York: Pantheon Books, 1977.

Williams, Ora, ed., American Black Women in the Arts and Social Sciences: A Bibliographical Survey, Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow Press, 1973; revised and expanded edn, 1978.

Williams, Sherely A. ‘Cultural and Interpersonal Aspects of Black Male/Female Relationships: Comments From the Curb’, The Black Scholar, no. 10, May/June 1979, pp. 49–51.

Ya Salaam, Kalamu, ‘Revolutionary Struggle/Revolutionary Love’, The Black Scholar, no. 10, May/June 1979, pp. 20–24.

4. Afro-American History

Allen, Robert L., Black Awakening in Capitalist America: An Analytic History, Garden City, NY: Anchor Books, 1969.

Aptheker, Bettina, ed., The Unfolding Drama: Studies in US History, New York: International Publishers, 1979.

Aptheker, Herbert, To Be Free: Studies in American Negro History, New York: International Publishers, 1948.

—— ed., And Why Not Every Man? Documentary Story of The Fight Against Slavery in the US, New York: International Publishers, 1970.

Armstrong, Gregory, The Dragon Has Come, New York: Harper and Row, 1974.

Ballard, Allen, The Education of Black Folk: The Afro-American Struggle for Knowledge in White America, New York: Harper and Row, 1974.

Baraka, Immamu A., ed., African Congress: A Documentary of the First Modem Pan-African Congress, New York: William Morrow, 1972.

Barbour, Floyd, B., ed., The Black Power Revolt, Boston: Sargeant Press, 1968.

Bennett, Lerone Jr., Before the May flower: A History of Black America, Chicago: Johnson Publishing Co., 1969.

Billingsley, Andrew, Black Families in White America, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1968.

Blassingame, John W., The Slave Community: Plantation Life in the Antebellum South, New York: Oxford University Press, 1972.

—— ed., New Perspectives on Black Studies, Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1971.

Bogle, Donald, Toms, Coons, Mulattoes, Mammies, and Bucks: An Interpretive History of Blacks in American Films, New York: Viking Press, 1973.

Bond, Julian, A Time to Speak, A Time to Act: The Movement in Politics, New York: Simon and Schuster, 1972.

Bracey, John H. Jr., August Meier, and Elliott Rudwick, eds, Black Nationalism in America, Indianapolis and New York: Bobbs-Merrill, 1970.

Branch, Taylor, Parting the Waters: America in the King Years 1954–63, New York: Simon and Schuster, 1988.

Breitman, George, ed., By Any Means Necessary: Speeches, Interviews and a Letter by Malcolm X, New York: Merit, 1970.

Brown, H. Rap., Die Nigger Die!, New York: Dial, 1969.

Carmichael, Stokely, and Charles Hamilton, Black Power: The Politics of Liberation in America, New York: Random House, 1967.

Carson, Clayborne, In Struggle: SNCC and the Black Awakening of the 1960s, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1981.

Cleaver, Eldridge, ed. Robert Sheer, Post-Prison Writings and Speeches, New York: Random House, 1969.

—— Soul on Ice, New York: McGraw-Hill, 1968.

Cruse, Harold, The Crisis of the Negro Intellectual, New York: William Morrow, 1967.

—— Rebellion or Revolution?, New York: William Morrow, 1968.

Davis, David Brion, From Homicide to Slavery: Studies in American Culture, New York: Oxford University Press, 1986.

—— Slavery and Human Progress, New York: Oxford University Press, 1984.

DuBois, W.E.B., Black Reconstruction In America, 1860–1880, New York: Atheneum, 1969.

—— The Souls of Black Folk: Essays and Sketches, New York: Random House, 1989.

Elkins, Stanley, Slavery: A Problem in American Institutional and Intellectual Life, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1959.

Evans, Sara, Personal Politics: The Roots of Women’s Liberation in the Civil Rights Movement and the New Left, New York: Vintage Books, 1980.

Foner, Philip S., ed., The Black Panthers Speak, Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott, 1970.

Fox-Genovese, Elizabeth, Within the Plantation Household: Black and White Women of the Old South, Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1988.

Franklin, John Hope, From Slavery to Freedom: A History of Negro Americans, 3rd edn, New York: Vintage Books, 1969.

Frazier, E. Franklin, The Negro Church in America, New York: Schocken Books, 1963.

—— The Negro in the United States, New York: Macmillan, 1949.

Genovese, Eugene D., In Red and Black: Marxian Explorations in Southern and Afro-American History, New York: Vintage Books, 1971.

—— Roll, Jordan, Roll: The World That Slaves Made, New York: Vintage Books, 1974.

—— The World That the Slaveholders Made, New York: Vintage Books, 1977.

Gitlin, Todd, The Sixties: Years of Hope, Days of Rage, New York: Bantam Books, 1987.

Grant, Joanne, ed., Black Protest: History, Documents and Analyses 1619 to the Present, New York: Fawcett/Premier Books, 1968.

Gutman, Herbert G., The Black Family in Slavery and Freedom, 1750–7925, New York: Pantheon Books, 1976.

Hansberry, Lorraine, Movement: Documentary of a Struggle for Equality, New York: Simon and Schuster, 1964.

Harding, Vincent, The Other American Revolution, Los Angeles: Center for Afro-American Studies, University of California, Los Angeles, 1980.

—— There is a River: The Black Struggle for Freedom in America, New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1981.

Hare, Nathan, and Robert Chrisman, Contemporary Black Thought: The Best From The Black Scholar, New York: Bobbs-Merrill, 1973.

Henri, Florette, Black Migration: Movement North, 1900–1920, Garden City, NY: Anchor Press/Doubleday, 1975.

Hernton, Calvin C., Sex and Racism in America, New York: Grove Press, 1966.

Huggins, Nathan I., Black Odyssey: The Afro-American Ordeal in Slavery, New York: Pantheon Books, 1977.

Jackson, George, Soledad Brothers: The Prison Letters of George Jackson, New York: Bantam Books, 1970.

Jones, LeRoi, Blues People, New York: William Morrow, 1963.

—— Home, New York: William Morrow, 1966.

Jordan, Winthrop D., White Over Black: American Attitudes toward the Negro, 1550–1812, Baltimore: Penguin Books, 1969.

King, Mary, Freedom Song: A Personal Story of the 1960s Civil Rights Movement, New York: William Morrow, 1987.

Kofsky, Frank, Black Nationalism and the Revolution in Music, New York: Pathfinder Press, 1970.

Kovel, Joel, White Racism, New York: Columbia University Press, 1984.

Kruger, Barbara, and Phil Mariani, Remaking History, Seattle: Bay Press, 1989.

Lester, Julius, Revolutionary Notes, New York: R.W. Barton, 1969.

Levine, Lawrence, W., Black Culture and Black Consciousness: Afro-American Folk Thought from Slavery to Freedom, New York: Oxford University Press, 1977.

Lewis, David, King: A Biography, 2nd edn, Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1978.

Litwack, Leon F., Been in the Storm So Long: The Emergence of Black Freedom in the South, New York: Knopf, 1979.

Lomax, Louis E., The Negro Revolt, New York: Harper, 1963.

Louis, Debbie, And We Are Not Saved: A History of the Movement as People, Garden City, NY: Anchor Press, 1970.

Malcolm X, The Autobiography of Malcolm X, New York: Grove Press, 1965.

—— Malcolm X on Afro-American History, New York: Pathfinder Press, 1970.

Marable, Manning, Black American Politics: From the Washington Marches to Jesse Jackson, London: Verso, 1985.

—— Blackwater: Historical Studies in Race, Class Consciousness and Revolution, Dayton, Ohio: Black Praxis Press, 1981.

—— From the Grassroots: Social and Political Essays Towards Afro-American Liberation, Boston: South End Press, 1980.

—— How Capitalism Underdeveloped Black America: Problems in Race, Political Economy and Society, Boston: South End Press, 1983.

—— Race, Reform and Rebellion: The Second Reconstruction in Black America 1945–1982, Jackson, MI: University Press of Mississippi, 1984.

Meier, August, and Elliott Rudwick, CORE: A Study of the Civil Rights Movement, 1942–1968, New York: Oxford University Press, 1973.

Morgan, Edmund S., American Slavery, American Freedom: The Ordeal of Colonial Virginia, New York: W.W. Norton, 1975.

Morris, Aldon D., The Origins of the Civil Rights Movement, New York: Free Press, 1984.

Moynihan, Daniel Patrick, The Negro Family: The Case for National Action, Washington, DC: Superintendent of Documents, US Government Printing Office, 1965.

Murray, Albert, Stompin the Blues, New York: McGraw-Hill, 1976.

NAACP, ed., Thirty Years of Lynching in the United States, New York: Amo Press, 1970.

Perry, Lewis, and Michael Fillman, eds, Antislavery Reconsidered: Fourteen New Essays, Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1979.

Powell, Adam Clayton Jr., Marching Blacks: An Interpretive History of the Rise of the Black Common Man, revised edn, New York: Dial, 1973.

Quarles, Benjamin, The Black Abolitionists, New York: Oxford University Press, 1969.

Raines, Howell, My Soul is Rested: The Story of the Civil Rights Movement in the Deep South, New York: Viking/Penguin Books, 1983.

Rainwater, Lee, and William L. Yancy, eds, The Moynihan Report and the Politics of Controversy: A Transaction Social Sciences and Public Policy Report, Cambridge: MIT Press, 1967.

Ransom, Roger L., and Richard Sutch, One Kind of Freedom: The Economic Consequences of Emancipation, New York: Cambridge University Press, 1977.

Robert, J. Deotis, A Black Political Theology, Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1974.

Ross, Andrew, No Respect: Intellectuals and Popular Culture, New York: Routledge, 1989.

Scott, Anne Firor, The Southern Lady: From Pedestal to Politics, Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1970.

Seale, Bobby, Seize the Time, New York: Vintage, 1970.

Silberman, Charles E., Crisis in Black and White, New York: Random House, 1964.

Smuts, Robert W., Women and Work in America, New York: Columbia University Press, 1959.

Stromberg, Ann H. and Shirley Harkess, eds, Women Working: Theories and Facts in Perspective, Palo Alto, Calif.: Mayfield Publishing Co., 1978.

West, Cornel, Prophesy Deliverance!: An Afro-American Revolutionary Christianity, Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1982.

Williams, Juan, Eyes on the Prize: America’s Civil Rights Years 1954–1965, New York: Penguin, 1987.

Willie, Charles V., ed., The Family Life of Black People, Columbus, Ohio: Charles B. Merrill, 1970.

Wilson, William Irving, Power, Racism, and Privilege: Race Relations in Theoretical and Sociohistorical Perspectives, New York: Macmillan, 1973.

—— The Truly Disadvantaged: The Inner City, the Underclass, and Public Policy, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987.

—— The Declining Significance of Race: Blacks and Changing American Institutions, 2nd edn, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1980.

Wilmore, Gayraud S., Black Religion and Black Radicalism: An Interpretation of the Religious History of the Afro-American People, Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books, 1983.

5. Post-Colonial Criticism

Ashcroft, Bill, et al., eds, The Empire Writes Back: Theory and Practice in Post-Colonial Literature, New York: Routledge, Chapman and Hall, 1989.

Bhabha, Homi, ed., Nation and Narration, Routledge.

Fanon, Frantz, trans. Charles Lam Markham, Black Skin, White Masks, New York: Grove Press, 1967.

—— A Dying Colonialism, New York: Grove Press, 1965.

—— trans. Haakon Chevalier, preface Jean-Paul Sartre, Toward the African Revolution: Political Essays, New York: Grove Press, 1969.

—— trans. Constance Farrington, The Wretched of the Earth, New York: Grove Press, 1968.

Jameson, Fredric, ‘Third World Literature in the Era of Multinational Capitalism’, Social Text, no. 15 (Fall 1986) 5:3, pp. 65–88.

Mannoni, Oscar, Prospero and Caliban, New York: Frederick A. Praeger, 1956.

Memmi, Albert, The Colonizer and the Colonized, Boston: Beacon Press, 1965.

—— Dominated Man, New York: Orion Press, 1968.

Minh-ha, Trinh T., Women, Native, Other: Writing Postcoloniality and Feminism, Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1989.

Mohammed, Abdul Jan, Manichean Aesthetics: The Politics of Literature in Colonial Africa, Amherst, MA: University of Massachusetts Press, 1983.

Said, Edward, Orientalism, New York: Pantheon Books, 1978.

—— The World, the Text, and the Critic, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1983.

Spivak, Gayatri Chakravorty, ‘Can The Subaltern Speak?’ Marxism and The Interpretation of Culture, eds. Cary Nelson and Larry Grossberg, 1983, p. 61.

—— In Other Worlds: Essays in Cultural Politics, New York: Methuen, 1987.

6. Biographies/Autobiographies/Memoirs of Afro-American Women

Adams, Elizabeth Laura, Dark Symphony, New York: Sheed and Ward, 1942.

Anderson, Marian, My Lord What a Morning, New York: Viking Press, 1956.

Andrews, William L., ed., Sisters of the Spirit: Three Black Women’s Autobiographies of the Nineteenth Century, Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1986.

Angelou, Maya, I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, New York: Random House, 1970; London: Virago, 1984.

—— Gather Together in My Name, New York: Random House, 1974; London: Virago, 1985.

—— Singin’ and Swingin’ and Gettin Merry Like Christmas, New York: Random House, 1976; London: Virago, 1985.

—— Heart of A Woman, New York: Random House, 1981; London: Virago, 1986.

—— All God’s Children Need Traveling Shoes, New York: Random House, 1986; London: Virago, 1987.

Ashbaugh, Carolyn, Lucy Parsons: American Revolutionary, Chicago: Kerr, 1976.

Bailey, Pearl, Talking to Myself, New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1971.

Baker, Josephine, and Jo Bouillon, Josephine, New York: Harper and Row, 1977.

Barlow, Leila Mae, Across the Years: Memoirs, Montgomery, Ala.: Paragon Press, 1959.

Bates, Daisy, The Long Shadow of Little Rock, New York: David McKay, 1962.

Beckles, Frances N., Twenty Black Women: A Profile of Contemporary Black Maryland Women, Baltimore: Gateway Press, 1978.

Brooks, Gwendolyn, Report from Part One, Detroit: Broadside Press, 1972.

Brown, Hallie Q., Homespun Heroines and Other Women of Distinction, intro. Randall K. Burkett, New York: Oxford University Press (Schomburg Library of Nineteenth-Century Black Women Writers), 1988.

Browne, Rose Butler, Love My Children, New York: Meredith, 1969.

Cherry, Gwendolyn and others, Portraits in Color: The Lives of Colorful Negro Women, New York: Pageant Press, 1962.

Chisholm, Shirley, Unbought and Unbossed, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1973.

—— The Good Fight, New York: Harper and Row, 1973.

Clark, Septima, Ready From Within: Septima Clark and the Civil Rights Movement, Navarro, Calif.: Wild Trees Press, 1986.

Clifton, Lucille, Generations, New York: Random House, 1970.

Cooper, Anna Julia, A Voice from the South by a Black Woman of the South, intro. Mary Helen Washington, New York: Oxford University Press (Schomburg Library of Nineteenth-Century Black Women Writers), 1988.

Cornwell, Anita, Black Lesbian in White America, Tallahassee, Fla.: Naiad Press, 1983.

Darden, Norma Jean, and Carole Darden, Spoonbread and Strawberry Wine: Recipes and Reminiscences of a Family, New York: Fawcett Book Group, 1980.

Davis, Angela, Angela Davis: An Autobiography, New York: Random House, 1974.

DeVeaux, Alexis, Don’t Explain: A Song of Billie Holiday, New York: Harper and Row, 1980.

Dunham, Katherine, Touch of Innocence, New York: Cassell, 1960.

Dunnigan, Alice, A Black Woman’s Experience from Schoolhouse to White House, Philadelphia: Dorrance, 1974.

Gabel, Leona C., From Slavery to the Sorbonne and Beyond: The Life and Writings of Anna J. Cooper, Northampton, Mass.: Smith College Publications, 1982.

Gibson, Althea, I Always Wanted to Be Somebody, New York: Harper and Row, 1958.

Giovanni, Nikki, Gemini: An Extended Autobiographical Statement, New York: Bobbs-Merrill, 1971.

Golden, Martina, Migrations of the Heart: A Personal Odyssey, New York: Anchor Press, 1983.

Griffiths, Mattie, Autobiography of a Female Slave, New York: Negro Universities Press, 1857.

Grimke, Charlotte Forten, The Journals of Charlotte Forten Grimke, Brenda Stevenson, ed., New York: Oxford University Press, (Schomburg Library of Nineteenth-Century Black Women Writers), 1988.

Green, Mildred Denby, Black Women Composers: A Genesis, Boston, Twayne Publishers, 1983.

Guffy, Ossie, The Autobiography of a Black Woman, New York: Bantam Books, 1972.

Hansberry, Lorraine, To Be Young, Gifted and Black: Lorraine Hansberry in Her Own Words, adapt. Robert Nemiroff, intro. James Baldwin, Englewood Cliff, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1969.

Hedgeman, Anna (Arnold), The Trumpet Sounds, New York: Holt Rinehart and Winston, 1964.

Hemenway, Robert, Zora Neale Hurston: A Literary Biography, Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1977.

Holiday, Billie, Lady Sings the Blues, New York: Doubleday, 1956.

Humez, Jean M., ed., Gifts of Power: The Writings of Rebecca Jackson, Black Visionary, Shaker Eldress, Amherst, Mass.: University of Massachusetts Press, 1981.

Hunt, Annie Mae, I Am Annie Mae: An Extraordinary Woman in Her Own Words: The Personal Story of a Black Texan Woman, Austin, Tex.: Rosegarden Press, 1983.

Hunter, Jane Edna, A Nickel and a Prayer, Nashville: Parthenon Press, 1940.

Hurston, Zora Neale, Dust Tracks on a Road, Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott, 1942.

Keckley, Elizabeth, Behind the Scenes. Or, Thirty Years a Slave, and Four Years in the White House, intro. James Olney, New York: Oxford University Press (Schomburg Library of Nineteenth-Century Black Women Writers), 1988.

Kennedy, Adrienne, People Who Led to My Plays, New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1987.

King, Coretta Scott, My Life with Martin Luther King, Jr., New York: Holt Rinehart and Winston, 1969.

Kitt, Eartha, Alone With Me, Chicago: Henry Regnery Co., 1976.

Larison, Cornelius Wilson, Silvia Dubois: a Biografy of the slav who whipt her mistres and gand her fredom, trans, and intro. Jared C. Lobdell, New York: Oxford University Press (Schomburg Library of Nineteenth-Century Black Women Writers), 1988.

Lawson, Ellen McKenzie, and Marlene D. Merrill, eds, The Three Sarahs: Documents of Antebellum Black College Women, New York: Mellen, 1984.

Loewenberg, Bert James, and Ruth Bogin, eds, Black Women in Nineteenth-Century American Life: Their Words, Their Thoughts, Their Feelings, University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1976.

Lorde, Audre, Zami: A New Spelling of My Name, Trumansberg, NY: Crossing Press, 1982; London: Sheba, 1984.

Marteena, Constance, The Lengthening Shadow of a Woman: A Biography of Charlotte Hawkins Brown, New York: Exposition Press, 1977.

Mebane, Mary, Mary, New York: Fawcett, 1982.

—— Mary, Wayfarer, New York: Viking, 1983.

Moody, Anne, Coming of Age in Mississippi, New York: Dell, 1968.

Mossell, N.F., The Work of the Afro-American Woman, intro. Joanne Braxton, New York: Oxford University Press (Schomburg Library of Nineteenth-Century Black Women Writers), 1988.

Moutoussamy-Ashe, Jeanne, Viewfinders: Black Women Photographers 1839–1985, New York: Dodd, Mead, 1986.

Murray, Pauli, Sing in a Weary Throat: An American Pilgrimage, New York: Harper and Row, 1982.

Ortiz, Victoria, Sojourner Truth: A Self-Made Woman, New York: Lippincott, 1974.

Petry, Ann, Harriet Tubman, Conductor on the Underground Railroad, New York: Crowell, 1955.

Robinson, Jo Ann, The Montgomery Bus Boycott and the Women Who Started It: The Memoir of Jo Ann Gibson Robinson, Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1987.

Roses, Lorraine Elena, and Elizabeth Ruth Randolph, Harlem Renaissance and Beyond: Literary Biographies of 100 Black Women Writers, 1900–1945, Boston: G.K. Hall and Co., 1989.

Seacole, Mary, The Wonderful Adventures of Mrs Seacole in Many Lands, intro. Willima L. Andrews, New York: Oxford University Press (Schomburg Library of Nineteenth-Century Black Women Writers), 1988.

Shakur, Assata, Assata: An Autobiography, Westport, Conn.: Lawrence Hill, 1987.

Shepperd, Gladys, Mary Church Terrell, Respectable Person, Baltimore: Human Relations Press, 1951.

Simonsen, Thordis, ed., You May Plow Here: The Narrative of Sara Brooks, New York: W.W. Norton, 1986.

Smith, Amanda, An Autobiography: The Story of the Lord’s Dealings with Mrs Amanda Smith the Colored Evangelist, intro. Jualynne E. Dodson, New York: Oxford University Press (Schomburg Library of Nineteenth-Century Black Women Writers), 1988.

Sterling, Dorothy, Black Foremothers: Three Lives, New York: Feminist Press, 1988.

Tarry, Ellen, The Third Door: The Autobiography of an American Negro Woman, New York: McKay, 1955.

Terrell, Mrs Mary Church, A Colored Woman in a White World, Washington, DC: Ransdell, 1940.

Thompson, Era Bell, American Daughter, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1946.

Walker, Margaret, How I Wrote Jubilee, Detroit: Broadside Press, 1971.

Waters, Ethel, To Me It’s Wonderful, New York: Harper and Row, 1972.

Wells, Ida B., Crusade for Justice: The Autobiography of Ida B. Wells, Alfreda Duster, ed., Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1970.

Williams, Rose Berthena Clay, Black and White and Orange, New York: Vantage Press, 1961.

Wilson, Emily, Hope and Dignity: Older Black Women of the South, Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1983.

7. Literature by Afro-American Women Writers

I. Poetry

Ai (Florence Ai Ogawa), Cruelty, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1973.

—— Killing Floor, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1979.

—— Sin, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1986.

Amini, Johari (Jewel Latimore), Let’s Go Somewhere, Detroit: Third World Press, 1970.

Angelou, Maya, And I Still Rise, New York: Random House, 1978; London: Virago, 1986.

—— Just Give Me a Cool Drink of Water ’fore I Die, New York: Random House, 1971; London: Virago, 1986.

—— Oh Pray My Wings Are Gonna Fit Me Well, New York: Random House, 1975.

—— Poems, New York: Bantam, 1986.

—— Shaker Why Don’t You Sing, New York: Random House, 1983.

Baraka, Amina, and Amiri Baraka, The Music: Reflections on Jazz and Blues, New York: William Morrow, 1987.

Bernadine, Seeds of Ourselves, New York: Women for Racial and Economic Equality, 1984.

Bogus, S. Diane, I’m Off to See the Goddam Wizard Alright, San Francisco: The Author, 1976.

—— Woman in the Moon, San Francisco: Soap Box Publishing, 1977.

Brand, Dionne, Chronicles of the Hostile Sun, Toronto: Williams-Wallace, Int’l., 1984.

—— Earth Magic, Toronto: Kids Can Press, 1980.

—— ’Fore Day Morning, Toronto: Khiosan Artists, 1978.

—— Primitive Offensive, Toronto: Williams-Wallace Int’l., 1982.

—— Rivers Have Sources, Trees Have Roots, Toronto: Cross-Cultural Communication Centre, 1986.

—— Winter Epigrams, Toronto: Williams-Wallace Int’l., 1983.

Braxton, Jodi, Sometimes I Think of Maryland, New York: Sunbury Press, 1977.

Brooks, Gwendolyn, Aloneness, Detroit: Broadside Press, 1971.

—— Annie Allen, New York: Harper, 1949.

—— The Bean Eaters, New York: Harper, 1960.

—— Beckonings, Detroit: Broadside Press, 1975.

—— Bronzeville Boys and Girls, New York: Harper, 1956.

—— Family Pictures, Detroit: Broadside Press, 1970.

—— Riot, Detroit: Broadside Press, 1969.

—— Selected Poems, New York: Harper, 1960.

—— A Street in Bronzeville, New York: Harper, 1945.

—— The Tiger Who Wore White Gloves, or, What You Really Are You Are, Detroit: Broadside Press, 1974.

—— The World of Gwendolyn Brooks, Detroit: Broadside Press, 1971.

Chase-Riboud, Barbara, From Memphis and Peking: Poems, New York: Random House, 1974.

—— Portraits of a Nude Woman as Cleopatra, New York: William Morrow, 1987.

Clarke, Cheryl, Living as a Lesbian, Ithaca, NY: Firebrand Press, 1986.

—— Narratives: Poems in the Tradition of Black Women, Latham, NY: Kitchen Table Press, 1982.

Clifford, Carrie, The Widening Light, Boston: Walter Reid, 1922.

Clifton, Lucille, Good News About the Earth: New Poems, New York: Random House, 1972.

—— Good Times, New York: Random House, 1970.

—— An Ordinary Woman, New York: Random House, 1974.

—— Two-Headed Woman, Amherst, Mass.: University of Massachusetts Press, 1980.

Clinton, Gloria, Trees Along the Highway, New York: Comet Press, 1953.

Collins, Merle, Because the Dawn Breaks! Poems Dedicated to the Grenadian People, London: Karia Press, 1985.

Cortez, Jayne, Coagulations: New and Selected Poems, New York: Thunder’s Mouth Press, 1984; London: Pluto, 1986.

—— Festivals and Funerals, New York: Bola Press, 1971.

—— Firespitter, New York: Bola Press, 1982.

—— Merveilleux Coup de Foudre: Poetry of Jayne Cortez and Ted Joans, Paris: Handshake Editions, 1982.

—— Mouth on Paper, New York: Bola Press, 1977.

—— Scarifications, New York: Bola Press, 1973.

Danner, Margaret, Impressions of African Art Forms, Detroit: Broadside Press, 1968.

Das, Mahadai, Bones, Leeds, Yorkshire, UK: Peepal Tree Press, 1988.

Davis, Thulani, All the Renegade Ghosts Rise, Washington, DC: Anemone Press, n.d.

—— Playing the Changes, Middletown, Conn.: Wesleyan University Press, 1985.

Dee, Ruby, My One Good Nerve, Chicago: Third World Press, 1986.

Derricotte, Toi, The Empress of the Death House, Detroit: Lotus Press, 1978.

—— Natural Birth: Poems, Trumansberg, NY: Crossing Press, 1983.

De Veaux, Alexis, Blue Heat: a Portfolio of Poems and Drawings, New York: Diva Publishing Associates, 1985.

Dove, Rita, Museum, Pittsburgh: Carnegie-Mellon University Press, 1983.

—— Thomas and Beulah, Pittsburgh: Carnegie-Mellon University Press, 1986.

—— The Yellow House on the Comer, Pittsburgh: Carnegie-Mellon University Press, 1980.

Evans, Mari, I Am a Black Woman, New York: William Morrow, 1970.

—— Where Is All the Music, London: Paul Breman, 1968.

Fabio, Sarah, A Mirror: A Soul, San Francisco: Julian Richardson, 1967.

Fordham, Mary Weston, Magnolia Leaves: Poems, Tuskegee, Ala.: Walker, Evans, Cogswell, 1897.

Giovanni, Nikki, Black Feeling, Black Talk, Black Judgement, New York: William Morrow, 1970.

—— Cotton Candy on a Rainy Day, New York: William Morrow, 1978.

—— Ego Tripping and Other Poems for Young Readers, New York: Lawrence Hill, 1973.

—— My House: Poems, New York: William Morrow, 1972.

—— Poems for Angela Yvonne Davis, Newark, NJ: Nikton, 1970.

—— ReCreation, Detroit: Broadside Press, 1970.

—— Spin Soft Black Song, New York: Hill and Wang, 1971.

—— Those Who Ride the Night Winds, New York: William Morrow, 1983.

—— Vacation Times: Poems for Children, New York: William Morrow, 1980.

Gomez. Jewel, Flamingoes and Bears, New Brunswick, NJ: Grace Publications, 1986.

Goodison, Lorna, I Am Becoming My Mother, London: New Beacon, 1986.

—— Heartease, London: New Beacon, 1988.

Gossett, Hattie, Presenting … Sister NoBlues, Ithaca, NY: Firebrand Press, 1988.

Greenfield, Elouise, Honey I Love You and Other Poems, New York: Harper and Row, 1978.

Harper, Frances Ellen Watkins, Complete Poems of Frances E. W. Harper, Maryemma Graham, ed., New York: Oxford University Press (Schomburg Library of Nineteenth-Century Black Women Writers), 1988.

Hunt, Evelyn Tooley, Toad-Song: A Collection of Haiku and Other Small Poems, New York: Apple Press, 1966.

Ifetayo, Femi Funmi, We the Black Woman, Detroit: Fine Arts Publications, 1970.

Jackson, Angela, The Greenville Club, in Four Black Poets, St Louis: BK MK, 1977.

—— Solo in the Boxcar Third Floor E., Chicago: Obahouse, 1986.

—— V00 Doo/Love Magic, Chicago: Third World Press, 1974.

Jones, Gayl, The Hermit Woman, Detroit: Lotus Press, 1983.

—— Song for Anninho, Detroit: Lotus Press, 1981.

—— Xarque and Other Poems, Detroit: Lotus Press, 1985.

Jones, Patricia, Mythologizing Always: 7 Sonnets, Guilford, Conn.: Telephone Books, 1981.

Jordan, June, Living Room, New York: Thunder’s Mouth Press, 1985.

—— Some Changes, New York: E.P. Dutton, 1971.

—— New Days: Poems of Exile and Return, New York: Emerson Hall, 1973.

—— Passion: New Poems 1977–1980, Boston: Beacon Press, 1981.

—— Things That I Do in the Dark: Selected Poems, New York: Random House, 1977.

Kim, Willyce, Eating Artichokes, San Francisco: Women’s Press Collective.

Lane, Pinkie Gordon, I Never Scream: New and Selected Poems, Detroit: Lotus Press, 1985.

—— The Mystic Female, Little Rock, Ark.: South and West, 1978.

—— Wind Thoughts, Little Rock, Ark.: South and West, 1972.

Latimore, Jewel C., Images in Black, Chicago: Third World Press, 1967.

Loftin, Elouise (Hanna Ecrit), Barefoot Necklace: Poems, New York: Jafmina, 1975.

Lorde, Audre, Between Ourselves, San Francisco: Eidolon Editions, 1976.

—— The Black Unicom, New York: W.W. Norton, 1978.

—— Cables to Rage, London: Breman, 1970.

—— Chosen Poems: Old and New, New York: W.W. Norton, 1982.

—— Coal, New York: W.W. Norton, 1978.

—— The First Cities, New York: Poets, 1967.

—— From a Land Where Other People Live, Detroit: Broadside Press, 1973.

—— New York Head Shop and Museum, Detroit: Broadside Press, 1974.

—— Our Dead Behind Us, New York: W.W. Norton, 1986; London: Sheba, 1987.

Madgett, Naomi Long, Exits and Entrances, Detroit: Lotus Press, 1978.

—— One and the Many, New York: Exposition Press, 1956.

—— Pink Ladies in the Afternoon, Detroit: Lotus Press, 1972.

—— Star by Star, Detroit: Harlo Press, 1965.

Mahone, Barbara, Sugarfield Poems, Detroit: Broadside Press, 1970.

Miller, May, The Clearing and Beyond, Washington, DC: Charioteer Press, 1974.

—— Dust of an Uncertain Journey, Detroit: Lotus Press, 1975.

—— Halfway to the Sun, Washington, DC: Writers Pub. House, 1980.

—— Not That Far, Washington, DC: Charioteer Press, 1973.

—— The Ransomed Wait, Detroit: Lotus Press, 1983.

Moore, La Nese B., Can I Be Right? New York: Vantage Press, 1971.

Morejon, Nancy, Where the Island Sleeps Like a Wing: Selected Poetry, San Francisco: Black Scholar Press, 1985.

Murphy, Beatrice M., and Nancy L. Arnez, The Rocks Cry Out, Detroit: Broadside Press, 1969.

Murray, Pauli, Dark Testament, Comstock, Ill.; Norwalk, Conn.: Silvermine, 1970.

Nicholes, Marion, Life Styles, Detroit: Broadside Press, 1971.

Nichols, Grace, The Fat Black Womans Poems, London: Virago Poets, 1985.

Parker, Pat, Child of Myself, San Francisco: Diana Press, 1972.

—— Jonestown and Other Madness: Poetry, Ithaca, NY: Firebrand Press, 1985.

—— Movement in Black: The Collected Poetry of Pat Parker, San Francisco: Diana Press, 1978.

—— Pit Stop, San Francisco: Diana Press, 1973.

—— Womanslaughter, San Francisco: Diana Press, 1978.

Parkerson, Michelle, Waiting Rooms, Washington, DC: Common Ground Press, 1983.

Penn, Verna, The Essence of Life, Tortola, BWI: Caribbean Printing, 1976.

Pollard, Velma, Crown Point and Other Poems, Leeds, Yorkshire, UK: Peepal Tree Press, 1988.

Ray, Henrietta Cordella, Poems, New York: Grafton Press, 1910.

Richards, Elizabeth Davis, The Peddlar of Dreams and Other Poems, New York: W.A. Bodler, 1928.

Richards, Novella, Tropic Gems, New York: Vantage Press, 1971.

Rodgers, Carolyn, For Flip Wilson, Detroit: Broadside Press, 1971.

—— The Heart as Evergreen, New York: Doubleday, 1978.

—— How I Got Ovah, New York: Doubleday, 1976.

—— Love Raps, Chicago: Third World Press, 1969.

—— Now Ain’t That Love, Detroit: Broadside Press, 1970.

—— Songs of a Black Bird, Chicago: Third World Press, 1969.

Sanchez, Sonia, The Adventures of Fathead, Smallhead, and Squarehead, Chicago: Third World Press, 1973.

—— A Blue Book for a Magical Woman, Detroit: Broadside Press, 1974.

—— Homecoming, Detroit: Broadside Press, 1970.

—— Homegirls and Handgrenades, New York: Thunder’s Mouth Press, 1984.

—— Ima Talkin Bout the Nation of Islam, New York: TruthDel, 1972.

—— It’s a New Day: Poems for Young Brothas and Sistuhs, Detroit: Broadside Press, 1971.

—— I’ve Been a Woman, San Francisco: Black Scholar Press, 1978.

—— Love Poems, Chicago: Third World Press, 1973.

—— A Sound Investment, Chicago: Third World Press, 1980.

—— Under a Soprano Sky, New Brunswick, NJ: Africa World Press, 1987.

—— We a BaddDDD People, Detroit: Broadside Press, 1971.

Schwartz-Bart, Simone, Between Two Worlds, New York: Harper and Row, 1981.

Shange, Ntozake, A Daughter’s Geography, New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1983; London: Methuen, 1984.

—— for colored girls who have considered suicide when the rainbow is enuf, New York: Macmillan, 1975; London: Methuen, 1978.

—— From Okra to Greens: Poems, St. Paul, Minn.: Coffeehouse Press, 1984.

—— Nappy Edges, New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1978; London: Methuen, 1978.

—— Riding the Moon in Texas: Word Paintings, New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1987.

—— Some Men, n.p., n.d.

Simmons, Judy, Indecent Intentions, New York: Blind Beggar Press, 1984.

Stephany, Moving Deep, Detroit: Broadside Press, 1969.

Taylor, Gloria Lee, Dreams for Sale, New York: Exposition Press, 1953.

Thomas, Elean, Word Rhythms from the Life of a Woman, London: Karia Press, 1986.

Thomas, Joyce Carol, Bittersweet, Berkeley, Calif.: Firesign, 1973.

—— Black Child, New York: Zamani, 1981.

—— Blessing, Berkeley, Calif.: Jocato, 1975.

—— Crystal Breezes, Berkeley, Calif: Firesign, 1974.

—— Inside the Rainbow, Palo Alto, Calif.: Zikawuna, 1982.

Thompson, Dorotheina Tinsley, Three Slices of Black, Chicago: Free Black Press, 1972.

Turner, Sherile, Jamaica Chat, London: Akira Press, 1986.

Walker, Alice, Five Poems, Detroit: Broadside Press, 1972.

—— Goodnight Willie Lee, I’ll See You in the Morning, New York: Dial, 1979; London: Women’s Press, 1987.

—— Horses Make a Landscape Look More Beautiful, New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1984; London: Women’s Press, 1985.

—— Revolutionary Petunias and Other Poems, New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1973; London: Women’s Press, 1985.

Walker, Margaret, October Journey, Detroit: Broadside Press, 1973.

—— Prophets for a New Day, Detroit: Broadside Press, 1970.

Wallace, Susan, Bahamian Scene, Philadelphia: Dorrance and Company, 1975.

Wheatley, Phillis, The Collected Works of Phillis Wheatley, John C. Shields, ed., New York: Oxford University Press (Schomburg Library of Nineteenth-Century Black Women Writers), 1988.

White, Paulette Childress, Love Poem to a Black Junkie, Detroit: Lotus Press, 1975.

—— The Watermelon Dress: Portrait of a Woman, Detroit: Lotus Press, 1984.

Williams, Sherley Anne, One Sweet Angel Child, New York: William Morrow, 1982.

—— The Peacock Poems, Middletown, Conn.: Wesleyan University Press, 1975.

Wright, Sarah, and Lucy Smith, Give Me a Child, Philadelphia: Kraft Publishing Company, 1955.

Yvonne, Iwilla-Scourge: Vol. II, New York: Chameleon, 1986.

II. Drama

Carroll, Vinette, and Micki Grant, Don’t Bother Me, I Can’t Cope, New York: Samuel French, 1972.

Childress, Alice, Let’s Hear It for the Queen, New York: Coward McCann and Geoghegan, 1976.

—— Mojo: A Black Love Story, New York: Dramatist Play Service, 1971.

—— String, New York: Dramatist Play Service, 1969.

—— String and Mojo: A Black Love Story, New York: Dramatist Play Service, 1971.

—— Wedding Band: A Love/Hate Story in Black and White, New York: Samuel French, 1973.

—— When the Rattlesnake Sounds, New York: Coward McCann and Geoghegan, 1975.

—— Wine in the Wilderness, New York: Dramatist Play Service, 1973.

Franklin, J.E., Black Girl, New York: Dramatist Play Service, 1971.

Gibson, P.J., Long Time Since Yesterday, New York: Samuel French, 1984.

Graham, Shirley, Track Thirteen, Boston: Expression Company, 1940.

Grimke, Angelina, Rachel, Boston: Cornshill Company, 1920.

Hansberry, Lorraine, Les Blancs: The Collected Last Plays of Lorraine Hansberry, Robert Nemiroff, ed., New York: Random House, 1972.

—— A Raisin in the Sun, New York: Signet, 1959.

—— The Sign in Sidney Brustein’s Window, New York: Signet, 1966.

—— To Be Young, Gifted and Black: A Portrait of Lorraine Hansberry in Her Own Words, Robert Nemiroff, adapt. New York: Samuel French, 1971.

Kennedy, Adrienne, Adrienne Kennedy in One Act, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1988.

King, Ramona, Steal Away, New York: Samuel French, 1981.

Lee, Leslie, Between Now and Then, New York: Samuel French, 1984.

—— Colored People’s Time, New York: Samuel French, 1983.

—— The First Breeze of Summer, New York: Samuel French, 1975.

Mason, Judi Ann, Livin’ Fat, New York: Samuel French, 1974.

Molette, Barbara, and Carlton Molette, Rosalee Pritchett, New York: Dramatist Play Service, 1973.

Shange, Ntozake, for colored girls who have considered suicide when the rainbow is enuf, New York: Macmillan, 1977; London: Methuen, 1978.

—— From Okra to Greens/a Different Kinda Love Story, New York: Samuel French, 1983.

—— A Photograph: Lovers in Motion, New York: Samuel French, 1981.

—— Spell #7, New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1981.

—— Three Pieces, New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1981.

Spencer, Eulalie, Fool’s Errand, New York: Samuel French, 1927.

III. Fiction

Adisa, Opal Palmer, Bake-Face and Other Guava Stories, Berkeley, Calif.: Kelsey Street Press, 1986.

Albert, Octavia V. Rogers, The House of Bondage, or, Charlotte Brooks and Other Slaves, intro. Frances Smith Foster, New York: Oxford University Press (Schomburg Library of Nineteenth-Century Black Women Writers), 1988.

Allfrey, Phyllis S., The Orchid House, Washington, DC: Three Continents Press, 1985.

Austin, Doris Jean, After the Garden, New York: NAL, 1987.

Bambara, Toni Cade, Gorilla My Love, New York: Random House, 1972; London: Women’s Press, 1984.

—— The Salt Eaters, New York: Random House, 1980; London: Women’s Press, 1982.

—— The Sea Birds Are Still Alive, New York: Random House, 1977; London: Women’s Press, 1984.

Birtha, Becky, For Nights Like This One: Stories of Love and Women, San Francisco: Frog in the Well, 1983.

—— Lover’s Choice, Seattle: Seal Press, 1987; London: Women’s Press, 1988.

Brodber, Erna, Jane and Louisa Will Soon Come Home, London: New Beacon Press, 1980.

—— Myal—A Novel, London: New Beacon Press, 1988.

Brooks, Gwendolyn, Maude Martha, New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1969.

Brown, Linda Jean, Jazz Dancin wif Mama, New York: Iridian Press, 1982.

—— Kiwi, New York: Iridian Press, 1977.

—— Rainbow River, New York: Iridian Press, 1980.

Buford, Barbara, The Threshing Floor, London: Sheba Feminist Publishers, 1986.

Butler, Octavia, Adulthood Rites, New York: Warner Books; London: Gollancz, 1987.

—— Clay’s Ark, New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1984.

—— Dawn, New York: Warner Books, 1987; London: Gollancz, 1988.

—— Kindred, Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1979; London: Women’s Press, 1988.

—— Mind of My Own, Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1977.

—— Pattermaster, Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1976.

—— Survivor, Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1978.

—— Wild Seed, Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1980.

Cambridge, Joan, Clarise Cumberbach Wants to Go Home, New York: Ticknor and Fields, 1987.

Campbell, Hazel D., The Rag Doll and Other Stories, Mona, Jamaica, BWI: Savacou Cooperative, 1978.

—— Woman’s Tongue, Mona, Jamaica, B.W.I.: Savacou Publications, 1985.

Cancryn, Addeliyu, Man of Vision, St. Thomas, V.I.: Val Hill Enterprises, 1975.

Chase-Riboud, Barbara, Sally Hemings, New York: Viking, 1979.

—— Valide, New York: William Morrow, 1986.

Childress, Alice, A Hero Ain’t Nothing But a Sandwich, New York: Coward McCann and Geoghegan, 1973.

—— Like One of the Family, Brooklyn: Independence Publishers, 1956.

—— Rainbow Jordan, New York: Coward McCann and Geoghegan, 1981.

—— A Short Walk, New York: Coward McCann and Geoghegan, 1979.

Cliff, Michelle, ABENG: A Novel, Trumansberg, NY: Crossing Press, 1984.

—— Claiming an Identity They Taught Me to Despise, Boston: Persephone Press, 1980.

—— The Land of Look Behind, Ithaca, NY: Firebrand Press, 1985.

—— No Telephone to Heaven, New York: E.P. Dutton, 1987; London: Methuen, 1988.

Conde, Maryse, Moi, Tituba, Sorciere, Noire de Salem/I, Tituba, Sorceress, Black Woman of Salem, Paris: Mercure de France, 1986.

Cooper, California, Homemade Love, New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1986.

—— A Piece of Mind, Navarro, Calif.: Wild Trees Press, 1984.

—— Some Soul to Keep, New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1987.

DeVeaux, Alexis, The Adventures of the Dred Sisters, New York: The Author, n.d.

—— Spirits in the Streets, New York: Anchor/Doubleday, 1973.

Dove, Rita, Fifth Sunday, Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 1985.

Dunbar-Nelson, Alice Moore, The Works of Alice Dunbar-Nelson, Gloria T. Hull, ed., New York: Oxford University Press (Schomburg Library of Nineteenth-Century Black Women Writers), 1988.

Edgell, Zee, Beka Lamb, London: Heinemann, 1982.

Fauset, Jessie Redmon, The Chinaberry Tree, New York: Frederick A. Stokes, 1931.

—— Comedy, American Style, New York: Frederick A. Stokes, 1933.

—— Plum Bun, New York: Frederick A. Stokes, 1929.

—— There is Confusion, New York: Boni and Liveright, 1924.

Finch, Amanda, Black Trail: A Novella of Love in the South, New York: William-Frederick Press, 1951.

Fleming, Sarah Lee Brown, Hope’s Highway. New York: Neale, 1917.

Gilroy, Beryl, Frangipani House, London: Heinemann Caribbean Writers Series, 1986.

Golden, Martina, Migration of the Heart, New York: Anchor, 1983.

—— A Woman’s Place, New York: Doubleday, 1986; London: Methuen, 1988.

Guy, Rosa, Bird at My Window, Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott, 1966.

—— The Disappearance, New York: Delacorte, 1979; London: Gollancz, 1980.

—— Edith Jackson, New York: Viking; London: Gollancz, 1979.

—— The Friends, New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1973; London: Gollancz, 1974.

—— A Measure of Time, New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1983; London: Virago, 1984.

—— My Love, My Love, or, the Peasant Girl, New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1985; London: Virago, 1987.

—— New Guys Around the Block, London: Gollancz, 1983.

—— Paris, Pee Wee, and Big Dog, New York: Delacorte; London: Gollancz, 1984.

—— Ruby: A Novel, New York: Viking, 1976; London: Gollancz, 1979.

Hamilton, Virginia, Avilla Sun Down, New York: Greenwillow, 1976.

—— Dustland, New York: Avon, 1981.

—— The Gathering, New York: Avon, 1981.

—— Jadhu, New York: Greenwillow, 1980.

—— Junius Over Far, New York: Harper and Row, 1985.

—— Justice and Her Brothers, New York: Avon, 1981.

—— Little Love, New York: Philomel Boones, 1984; London: Gollancz, 1985.

—— The Magical Adventures of Pretty Pearl, New York: Harper and Row, 1983.

—— MC Higgins the Great, New York: Macmillan, 1974.

—— The People Could Fly: Afro-American Folktales, New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1985; London: Walker Books, 1986.

—— Sweet Whispers Brother Rush, New York: Philomel Boones, 1982; London: Walker Books, 1987.

—— Time Ago Lost Tales of Jadhu, New York: Macmillan, 1973.

—— Willie Bea and the Time the Martians Landed, New York: Greenwillow, 1983.

Hanson, Joyce, The Gift Giver, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1980.

—— Homeboy, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1982.

—— Which Way Freedom, New York: Walker Books, 1986.

—— Yellowbird and Me, New York: Ticknor and Fields, 1986.

Harper, Frances Ellen Watkins, Iola LeRoy, or, Shadows Uplifted, intro. Frances Smith Foster, New York: Oxford University Press (Schomburg Library of Nineteenth-Century Black Women Writers), 1988.

Hodge, Merle, Crick Crack, Monkey, London: Heinemann, 1981.

Hopkins, Pauline E., Contending Forces: A Romance Illustrative of Negro Life North and South, intro. Richard Yarborough, New York: Oxford University Press (Schomburg Library of Nineteenth-Century Black Women Writers), 1988.

—— The Magazine Novels of Pauline E. Hopkins, intro. Hazel V. Carby, New York: Oxford University Press (Schomburg Library of Nineteenth-Century Black Women Writers), 1988.

Hunter, Helen, Magnificent White Men, New York: Vantage Press, 1964.

Hunter, Kristin, Boss Cat, New York: Avon Books, 1981.

—— God Bless the Child, Washington, DC: Howard University Press, 1987.

—— The Landlord, New York: Avon Books, 1977.

—— The Laketown Rebellion, New York: Charles Scribners’ Sons, 1978.

—— Lou in the Limelight, New York: Charles Scribners’ Sons, 1981.

—— The Soul Brother and Sister Lou, New York: Avon Books, 1968.

Hurston, Zora Neale, Jonah’s Gourd Vine, Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott, 1934.

—— Moses, Man of the Mountain, Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott, 1935.

—— Mules and Men, Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott, 1938.

—— Seraphs on the Suwanee, New York: Charles Scribners’ Sons, 1948.

—— Spunk: The Selected Stories of Zora Neale Hurston, Berkeley, Calif.: Turtle Island Foundation, 1985.

—— Tell My Horse, Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott, 1938.

—— Their Eyes Were Watching God, Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott, 1937.

Johnson, A.E., Clarence and Corinne, or, God’s Way, intro. Hortense J. Spillers, New York: Oxford University Press (Schomburg Library of Nineteenth-Century Black Women Writers), 1988.

—— The Hazeley Family, intro. Barbara Christian, New York: Oxford University Press (Schomburg Library of Nineteenth-Century Black Women Writers), 1988.

Jones, Gayl, Corregidora, New York: Bantam Books, 1975; London: Camden Press, 1988.

—— Eva’s Man, New York: Random House, 1976.

—— White Rat, New York: Random House, 1977.

Jones, Marion Patrick, J’Ouvert Morning, Port of Spain, Trinidad: Columbus, 1976.

—— Pan Bean, Port of Spain, Trinidad: Columbus, 1973.

Kelley-Hawkins, Emma Dunham, Four Girls at Cottage City, intro. Deborah E. McDowell, New York: Oxford University Press (Schomburg Library of Nineteenth-Century Black Women Writers), 1988.

—— Medga, intro. Molly Hite, New York: Oxford University Press (Schomburg Library of Nineteenth-Century Black Women Writers), 1988.

Kincaid, Jamaica, At the Bottom of the River, New York: Farrar Straus and Giroux, 1983; London: Picador, 1984.

—— Annie John, New York: Farrar Straus and Giroux; London: Picador, 1985.

Larsen, Nella, Passing, New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1929.

—— Quicksand, New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1928.

Lee, Andrea, Russian Journal, New York: Random House, 1981.

—— Sarah Phillips, New York: Random House, 1984; London: Faber, 1986.

Lee, Audrey, The Clarion People, New York: McGraw-Hill, 1968.

McMillian, Terry, Mama, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1987.

Marshall, Paule, Brown Girl, Brownstones, New York: Random House, 1959.

—— The Chosen Place; The Timeless People, New York: Harcourt Brace and World, 1969.

—— Praisesong for the Widow, New York: Putnam; London: Virago, 1983.

—— Reena and Other Stories, New York: Feminist Press, 1983.

Mathis, Sharon Bell, Listen for the Fig Tree, New York: Viking, 1974.

—— Teacup Full of Roses, New York: Viking, 1972.

Meriwether, Louise, Daddy Was a Numbers Runner, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1970.

Mohr, Nicholasa, El Bronx Remembered, New York: Harper and Row, 1975.

—— Felita, New York: Dial, 1977.

—— Going Home, New York: Dial, 1986.

—— In Nueva York, New York: Dial, 1977.

—— Nilda, New York: Harper and Row, 1973.

—— Rituals of Survival: A Woman’s Portfolio, Houston, Tex.: Arte Publico Press, 1985.

Morrison, Toni, Beloved, New York: Alfred A. Knopf; London: Chatto, 1987.

—— The Bluest Eye, New York: Holt Rinehart and Winston, 1970; London: Chatto; 1980.

—— Song of Solomon, New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1977; London: Chatto, 1980.

—— Sula, New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1974; London: Chatto, 1980.

—— Tar Baby, New York: Alfred A. Knopf; London: Chatto, 1981.

Naylor, Gloria, Linden Hills, New York: Ticknor and Fields, 1985; London: Methuen, 1986.

—— Mama Day, New York: Ticknor and Fields; London: Hutchinson, 1988.

—— The Women of Brewster Place, New York: Viking, 1982; London: Methuen, 1987.

Nelson, Annie Greene, After the Storm, Columbia, SC: Hampton, 1942.

—— The Dawn Appears, Columbia, SC: Hampton, 1944.

Nichols, Grace, Whole of a Morning Sky, London: Virago Poets, 1986.

Nunez-Harrell, Elizabeth, When Rocks Dance, New York: G.P. Putnam’s Sons, 1986.

Petry, Ann, Country Place, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1947.

—— Miss Muriel and Other Stories, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1971.

—— The Narrows, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1953.

—— The Street, New York: Pyramid Books, 1961.

Potter, Valaida, Sunrise Over Alabama, New York: Comet Press Books, 1959.

Randall, Florence E., The Almost Year, New York: Atheneum, 1971.

Riley, Joan, The Unbelonging, London: The Women’s Press, 1988.

—— Waiting in the Twilight, London: The Women’s Press, 1986.

Roberson, Sadie, Killer of the Dream, New York: Carleton, 1963.

Rosebrough, Dorothy, Wasted Travail, New York: Vantage Press, 1951.

Saunders, Rubie, Marilyn Morgan, R.N., New York: New Amsterdam Library, 1969.

Shange, Ntozake, Betsey Brown: A Novel, New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1985; London: Methuen, 1985.

—— Sassafrass, Cypress, and Indigo, New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1982; London: Methuen, 1984.

Shaw, Letty M., Angel Mink, New York: Comet Books Press, 1937.

Shinebourne, Janice, The Last English Plantation, Leeds, Yorkshire, UK: Peepal Tree Press, 1988.

—— Timepiece, Leeds, Yorkshire, UK: Peepal Tree Press, 1986.

Shockley, Ann Allen, The Black and White of It, Tallahassee, Fla.: Naiad Press, 1980.

—— Loving Her, New York: Bobbs-Merrill, 1974.

—— Say Jesus and Come to Me, New York: Avon, 1982.

Southerland, Ellease, Let the Lion Eat Straw, New York: Charles Scribner, 1979; London: Dent, 1980.

—— The Magic Sun Spins, London: Paul Breman, 1975.

Spencer, Mary Etta, The Resentment, Philadelphia: A.M.E. Book Concern, 1921.

Taylor, Mildred, The Friendship, New York: Dial, 1987.

—— Gold Cadillac, New York: Dial, 1987.

—— Let the Circle Be Unbroken, New York: Bantam, 1981; London: Gollancz, 1982.

—— Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry, New York: Bantam, 1976; London: Gollancz, 1977.

—— Song of the Trees, New York: Dial, 1975.

Tennant, Emma Blake, Marina, London: Faber, 1985.

Thomas, Joyce Carol, Bright Shadow, New York: Avon, 1983.

—— Journey, New York: Scholastic, 1988.

—— Marked by Fire, New York: Avon, 1982.

Vaught, Estella U., Vengeance is Mine, New York: Comet Books Press, 1959.

Vroman, Mary Elizabeth, Esther, New York: Bantam Books, 1963.

—— Harlem Summer, New York: Berkeley, 1968.

Walker, Alice, The Color Purple, New York: Harcourt Brace and Jovanovich, 1982; London: Women’s Press, 1983.

—— In Love and Trouble: Stories of Black Women, New York: Harcourt Brace and Jovanovich, 1973; London: Women’s Press, 1982.

—— Meridian, New York: Harcourt Brace and Jovanovich, 1976; London: Women’s Press, 1982.

—— The Third Life of Grange Copeland, New York: Harcourt Brace and Jovanovich, 1970.

—— You Can’t Keep a Good Woman Down, New York: Harcourt Brace and Jovanovich, 1981; London: Women’s Press, 1982.

Walker, Margaret, Jubilee, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1966.

Walker, Mildred Pitts, Because We Are, New York: Lothrop Lee and Shepard, 1983.

—— Brother to the Wind, New York: Lothrop Lee and Shepard, 1985.

Wallace, Elizabeth West, Scandal at Daybreak, New York: Pageant Press, 1954.

Washington, Doris, Yulan, New York: Carleton, 1964.

West, Dorothy, The Living is Easy, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1948.

Williams, Sherley Anne, Dessa Rose, New York: William Morrow, 1986.

Wilson-Cartier, Xam, Bebop Rebop, New York: Ballantine Books, 1987.

Wood, Lillian E., Let My People Go, Philadelphia: A.M.E. Book Concern, 1922.

Woods, Odella Phelps, High Ground, New York: Exposition Press, 1945.

Wright, Sarah E., This Child’s Gonna Live, New York: Delacorte, 1969.

Wright, Zara, Black and White Tangled Threads, Chicago, Privately printed, 1920.

Selected Bibliography

1. Afro-American Literary Criticism

2. Collections of Writing by Afro-American Women

3. Afro-American Feminist Studies

4. Afro-American History

5. Post-Colonial Criticism

6. Biographies/Autobiographies/Memoirs of Afro-American Women

7. Literature by Afro-American Women Writers

I. Poetry

II. Drama

III. Fiction

8. Literature by Men