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Page numbers in italics refer to figures.
abolitionism, 84–85
abortion
Equal Rights Amendment and taxpayer funding of, 184–85, 187–88
internal Republican Party issues and, 380–81
social conservatism’s opposition to, 309, 314, 316–17, 328
Abrams, Elliott, 235
Abzug, Bella, 184
Adams, John, xii, 6, 68
Adams, John Quincy, 78, 79
Addison, Joseph, 55–56, 63
Affordable Care Act
briefs filed against, 174
Burke’s principles and, 35, 40
Commerce Clause and power to tax, 172–73, 323, 352–53
lack of popularity, 97–98, 328
Afghanistan
Soviet invasion of, 234
Taliban in, 297
U.S. after 9/11 and, 293–95, 296, 388
African Americans, movement from Republican to Democratic Party, 312
Agenda for America (Barbour, ed.), 366
Agnew, Spiro, 161
Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA), 114–15
air-conditioning, entrepreneurship and invention of, 108–9, 111–12
Akins, Tod, 371–72
All the King’s Men (Warren), 118
altruism, Ayn Rand and, 137–43
America at the Crossroads (Fukuyama), 241
America First Movement, 332
American Conservative Union (ACU), 158
American Life, An (Reagan), 367–68
American Revolution, xxxiii, 47–73
belief in God and founding documents, 16–17, 68–69
British history and colonial self-government, 50–56, 71
Burke’s principles and, 61
Burke’s support of, 37, 38, 61
as colonists’ defense of historic rights as British citizens, 49–50, 56–63, 68–69, 72–73
Common Sense and grass roots independence movement, 171–72
Constitution and ratification by population, 66–68
Declaration of Independence as search for truth of self-government, 63–65
twentieth-century movement away from principles of, 69–71
Washington and morale during, 57–59
American Spectator, The, 23
America’s Future, 174
anarchists, libertarianism and, 133
Ancien Régime and the French Revolution, The (Tocqueville), 81
Anderson, Curt, 381
Angle, Sharon, 372
anti-American rhetoric, of anti-Vietnam War movement, 224–25
anti-communism
Buckley’s conservative movement and, 155, 157–58
cultural conservatives and, 177–79
Reagan’s “ideas cluster” and, 199
after World War II, 18–19
see also communism
anti-Federalists, states’ ratification of Constitution and, 67–68
Arab-Israeli peace talks, 234–35
Arab Spring, 38–39
Argentina, 268
Aristotle, 9–10
Armey, Dick, 318
Articles of Confederation, 65–66, 73, 260
Assad, Bashar al–, 333
Association of American Physicians and Surgeons, 174
atheism, required by communism, 7–8
Athens, as founding city of conservatism, 9–10
Atlas Shrugged (Rand), 146
Atwater, Lee, xli, 366–67
Austrian School of economics, 129
Barbour, Haley. See Republican Party, Barbour on
Barone, Michael, 30, 51, 76. See also Tocqueville, Alexis de
Battle of Cowpens, 72
Battle of Culloden, 62
Bauer, Gary, 321
Beaumont, Gustave de, 77
Beirut, terrorist attacks in, 286–87
Belgium, 298
belief in God
founding documents and, 16–17, 64–65, 68–69
as pillar of modern conservatism, 7–8
see also religion
Bennett, William, 235
Bentham, Jeremy, 11
Biden, Joe, 371
Bill of Rights, 16, 85, 322–23
Blackstone, William, 11, 33
Bloomberg, Michael, 258–59
Bork, Robert, 314
Boston Tea Party, moral point of, 63
Bowling Alone (Putnam), 94
Bozell, Brent, 180
Braddock’s Expedition, 54–55
Branch, Krista, 319
Brazil, 343
Brezhnev, Leonid, 234
Bridges, Styles, 179
Brook, Dr. Yaron, 123–24. See also libertarianism
Brooks, Arthur, 94–95
Brooks, David, 240
Brownson, Orestes, 83
Buckley, James, 167–68
Buckley, William F. Jr., 147–68
as candidate for mayor of New York, 159
conservative intellectual ideas and, 147, 149, 152–54, 164–65
conservative movement and fusionism, xvii, 154–68, 194–95
God and Man at Yale and, xxxv, 152, 194–95, 199
influence on young conservatives, 151, 153–54
and most conservative electable candidate policy, 372, 374, 375
Burke, Edmund, xxii–xxiii, xxv, 88, 228
Burke, Edmund, Norcross on, 27–45
economics and, 40–43
influence of English people’s power after Glorious Revolution on, 29–32
necessity of government and, 33
opposition to French Revolution, 34, 36–38
preservation of existing freedoms and, 33
religion and, 43–44
support of American Revolution, 37, 38, 61
tradition, history, and experience in philosophy of, 11–12, 34–43
Bush, George H. W., 164
Bush, George W.
administration’s response to 9/11 attacks, 286, 287–92
beliefs of, 239
Buckley on, 167
child tax credit and, 318
growth of government under, 135–36, 262, 280
neoconservatism misrepresented during administration of, 216, 239–42
partial-birth abortion and, 316
Social Security reform and, 325–26
Bush, Prescott, 164
Calhoun, John C., 81
California, Reagan as governor of, 196–98, 205–6, 309
Camp David Accords, 234–35
capital, as factor of production, 245–46, 249–50
capitalism. See free markets; Rand, Ayn
Capitol Visitor Center, 68
Cardinal Mindszenty Foundation, 178
Carlson, Arne, 380–82
Carnegie, Andrew, 95
Carrier, Willis, 108–9
Carroll, Charles, 78
Carter, Jimmy
deregulation and, 134
election of 1980 and, 96
Equal Rights Amendment and, 182, 185
failed diplomacy of, 233–35
social conservatism’s support for, then disappointment with, 307–8, 310–11
Casey v. Planned Parenthood, 315
“Casting a Wider Net” (Reed), 315
Castle, Mike, 371
Cato, xxxii, 10
Cato (Addison), 55–56, 63
Ceauşescu, Nicolae, 166
central banks, Friedman and Mises and, 132
Chambers, Whittaker, xv, xvi, xxi–xxii, xxxv–xxxvi, 153, 204
Charles I, king of England, 31–32
Charles II, king of England, 31
Cheney, Dick, 241
Chesterton, G. K., xxi
Chicago School of economics, 131
child tax credit, social conservatives and, 317–18
China, 332–35
Choice Not an Echo, A (Schlafly), 170, 181
Christian Anti-Communism Crusade, 178
Christian Coalition, 306–7, 317
Chronicles II, 7:14, 319–20
Churchill, Winston, 127–28
Cicero, xxxii, 10
civil society
conservatism and duties of citizens, xii–xiv
Progressives and responsibilities of government, xiii
see also order and tradition
Civil War, in U.S., 38–39
anticipated by Tocqueville, 82, 86–87
Clinton, Bill
child tax credit and, 317–18
government spending under, 279
partial-birth abortion and, 316–17
size of government and, 262
Cold War
anticipated by Tocqueville, 87
communism seen as enemy, 291
neoconservatives’ view of, 231–32
see also détente
collectivism
altruism and self-sacrifice as root of, 139
conservatives and libertarians and, 137–38
after World War II, 125–27
Commanding Heights (Yergin), 151
Commentaries on the Laws of England (Blackstone), 11
Commentary magazine, 218, 226, 236
Commerce Clause
Affordable Care Act and power to tax issues, 172–73, 323, 352–53
expansion of government and, 351–53
Committee on the Present Danger, 235
Common Sense (Paine), 171–72
communism
atheism required by, 7–8
Cold War and, 291
patronage versus ideals and, 165–66
Reagan and, 202–3, 211–12
after World War II, 17–19, 125–26, 152–53
see also anti-communism; Soviet Union
Communist Party USA, 202
“compulsory equalization,” results of, 41
Conscience of a Conservative, The (Goldwater), 180, 348–49, 350
conservatism
as the American philosophy, xxxii–xxxv
Big Tent and, xl–xlii
canons and themes of, xx–xxv, xlii–xliv
collectivism and, 137
history of modern, 195–96
liberals’ false picture of, xiv–xvi, xxx–xxxi, xxxix–xl
markets and regulatory state, 135
order and tradition and role of government, xxxi–xxxii
“organic,” 71
Reagan and transformation to political movement, xxiv–xxv
as resistance to rejection of history, tradition, and experience, 35–36
“three-legged stool” of, 157
tinkering with economy and, 128
traditional conservatives and Reagan, 199
truth as moral foundation of, xxxv–xxxviii
see also cultural conservatism; libertarian conservatism; social conservatism
conservatism, Regnery on, 1–26
belief in God as pillar of, 7–8
core beliefs of contemporary, 22–25
founding cities of, 8–13
history of modern, xvi–xix, 17–21
liberty as pillar of, 4–5, 8
order and tradition as pillar of, 5–6, 8
primacy in American politics and culture, 3–4
rule of law as pillar of, 6, 8
Conservatism in America (Rossiter), xv
“conservative,” derivation of word, xxxi
Conservative Mind, The (Kirk), xv, xvii, xxxv
Conservative Political Action Conference (CPAC), 158–59, 214
Constitution
conservative principles in, xxxiv–xxxv
enumerated powers and limits on government, 14–15, 81, 106, 259–61, 349–50
Founders’ understanding of human nature and, 322–23
as gender-neutral document, 183
goals of U.S. in, xi–xii
income tax amendment to, 261
Mount Vernon Statement and, 25–26
Reagan and constitutionalism, 210, 212–13
state ratification and Federalist/anti-Federalist differences, 66–68
“Constitutional Conservatives,” 17, 22
Constitution of Liberty, The (Hayek), 151
consumption-based tax system, 273
consumption spending, by government, 270–72
Contract with America, 317
Coolidge, Calvin, economic policies of, 105–12, 120
Coplen, V. G., 116
corn, ethanol and government control of economics, 41–42
cost-benefit analysis, importance to regulatory policies, 254–59
counterculture, in 1960s, 224
“country class” versus “ruling class,” 23
courts. See rule of law
crony capitalism, xxxix, 23
cultural conservatism, 171–90
Goldwater and, 179–81
grassroots efforts to defeat Equal Rights Amendment, 169–70, 182–87
growth of anti-communist movement and, 177–79
neoconservatism and intellectual foundation of, 220
pro-family movement and, 185–90
and Republican Party’s failure to oppose governments’ drift toward Left, 172–76
see also social conservatism
Dannenfelser, Marjorie, 321
Dark Winter exercise, 289
Davidson, Donald, 111, 112
Declaration of Independence
abolitionism and, 84–85
conservative principles and, xxxiii–xxxiv, 47
first principles of U.S. and, xi
Founders’ understanding of human nature and, 322–23
Mount Vernon Statement and, 25–26
people, not government, as source of authority, 13–14
private property and, 53
as search for truth about self-government, 63–65
self-interest and, 138–39, 144
twentieth-century movement away from principles of, 70–71
Defense of Marriage Act, 323–24
deficits and debts, of government, 259, 263–68
and diversion of money from private to public sector, 266–67
national security and, 356–58
tax rates and, 276–77
truth and, xxxvi–xxxvii
see also spending, by government
democracy, need for judgment and patience in promotion of, 292–95
Democracy in America (Tocqueville), 75, 77–78, 87
quoted, 82–83, 88–89, 98–99
Democratic Party, social conservatism’s move away from, 312–14, 317–18
deregulation, 134–36
détente
ideology of Soviet Union and, 228–33
Nixon administration and, 226–27, 234, 236–37, 293
Dewey, Thomas, 175, 368
Dirksen, Everett, 179
diversion cost, fiscal policy and, 268
Doherty, James, 117
Dole, Bob, 382
drones, presidential power and, 354
Durenberger, David, 382
Eagle Forum, 170, 186
Economic Bill of Rights, 119
economic freedom
Burke’s principles and, 40–43
contemporary conservatives and, 22–23
liberals’ interpretation of conservative defense of, xxxix, 244
liberty and, 5
principles of conservatism and, xx, 243
and question of government versus private spending, 106–7
see also free markets
Economic Freedom of the World Index, 248
Economic Recovery Tax Act, xxiv
economics, and public policy, 243–81
current political process and, 279–81
deficits and debts, fiscal policy and, 259, 263–68
economic growth and factors of production, 245–46
economic growth’s benefits, 246–47, 255
fiscal policy in U.S. history, 259–63
government spending, fiscal policy and, 259, 264, 268–72
monetary policy and, 249, 250–51
regulatory policy, 249, 253–59
rule of law and, 249–50, 251, 268–69
tax code, fiscal policy and, 259
trade policy and, 249, 250–53
U.S. “real growth” and, 247–48
education
government spending and, 269
social conservatives and, 310–11
soft despotism and aim of progressives, 93–94
Egypt, 333
Eisenhower, Dwight D., 156, 176–77
election of 1928, 313
election of 1932, 312
election of 1936, 116–18
election of 1940, 116–18, 175
election of 1944, 174, 175
election of 1946, 97, 175, 313
election of 1948, 175
election of 1952, 176
election of 1960, 180, 312
election of 1964, xvii–xviii, xix, 21, 158, 160, 180–81
election of 1968, 160, 224
election of 1972, 313, 369
election of 1976, 207, 234, 307–8, 310
election of 1980, xviii, 21, 96, 163, 235, 307, 311–12, 313
election of 1984, xviii, 305–6, 369
election of 1988, 164
election of 1992, 315
election of 1994, 96, 307, 380–83
election of 2000, 287, 318
election of 2010, 96, 97, 313–14, 319, 371
election of 2012, 307, 312, 320, 327–28, 362, 371–72, 376, 377
Democratic Party’s slogan and role of government, xxxii
Romney and regulatory state, 135
electric grid
electric generation and, 335–36
need for coordination of security for, 341–42
scarcity of transformers, 337–38
subject to hacking, 336–37
vulnerable to electromagnetic pulse attack, 338–39
Eliot, T. S., xxii
Emanuel, Rahm, 208
enemy combatants, detaining of, 289–90
Engle v. Vitale, 309
English Revolution, 27, 38. See also Glorious Revolution
entitlement issues
government spending and, 279–80
social conservatism and, 324–26
entrepreneurship, and 1920s reduction in federal spending and taxation, 107–12
Equal Rights Amendment (ERA), Republican establishment and grass roots opposition to, 169–70
ethanol, 41–42
evangelicals. See social conservatism
Everett, Edward, 78
evolution, teaching of, 308–9
extraction cost, fiscal policy and, 268
“fairness,” tax system and costs of, 274, 278
Faith and Freedom Coalition, 321
Falwell, Jerry, 187, 306, 320
Fears, Rufus, 200
Federalist Papers, 67
Federalist #51, 322
Federal Reserve, boom and bust policies of, 250
Feith, Douglas, 215–17. See also neoconservatism
Ferguson, Niall, 325
Filburn, Roscoe, 351
Firing Line, 149
flat tax, 272, 273
Folsom, Burton, 101–2. See also New Deal Progressivism, Folsom on
Ford, Gerald, 134, 163, 182, 207, 234, 310
foreign policy, 283–302
Bush administration and response to 9/11 attacks, 286, 287–92
conservative “isolationists” versus “national security hawks,” 283–84
contemporary conservatives and, 24–25
democracy’s promotion and need for judgment and patience, 292–95
information age and difficulties of, 285, 296–99
institutions needing updating, 299–302
Reagan and, 208–9
Foreign Policy for Americans, A (Taft), 176
Fort Necessity, Washington’s surrender of, 54
Founders
British tradition and, xxxii–xxxiii
liberty and reliance on moral people, xii–xiv
Reagan’s philosophy of government and, xxv
social conservatism and understanding of human nature, 303, 322–23
see also American Revolution; Constitution; Declaration of Independence
Franklin, Benjamin, 60, 352, 356
Franks, Tom, 298
freedom
Burke and preservation of, 33
conservative principles and, xxxiii
free markets
benefits of, 132–33
Friedman and, 131–32
Hayek and, 127–29
Mises and, 129–31
post-World War II drift away from, 127–36
Reagan and, 210
role in economics, 41–42
see also economics, and public policy
French Revolution
American Revolution’s differences, 64
Burke’s opposition to, 34, 36–38
individual liberty rejected for collective rights, xxxiii
Tocqueville’s family and, 78
Friedan, Betty, 184–85
Friedman, Milton, 114, 131–32, 137
Fukuyama, Francis, 241
fusionism, Buckley and conservative movement
disintegration of fusionist ideal, 163–68
Goldwater and Reagan as reflection of, 158–63
purge of fringe groups and consolidation of conservative strengths, 154–57
Gaffney, Frank, 331
Galbraith, John Kenneth, 152, 159
Gates, Bill, 95, 139–40
GDP (gross domestic product)
government debt as percentage of, 263, 267–68
government spending as percentage of, 271–72, 276, 279–80
growth in, and prosperity, 246–47
taxes as share of, 276–77
Gelb, Leslie, 226
General Electric, 203
George, Walter, 120
George I, king of England, 32
George III, king of England, 66
gerrymandered redistricting, 364
Gingrich, Newt, xviii, xix, 47–48, 318
conservative goals and, 166–67
regulatory state and, 135
see also American Revolution
Giuliani, Rudy, 97
glasnost (openness), 238
Glass, Carter, 117
Global Competitiveness Report, 248
Glorious Revolution, in England, 30, 31, 38, 51
God. See belief in God; religion
God and Man at Yale (Buckley), xxxv, 152, 194–95, 199
Goldwater, Barry, xix, 205, 350, 359
conservative movement and, 156, 160, 195–96, 207
platform in 1964 election, xvii–xviii, 21
size of government and, 348–49
Goldwater-Nichols legislation, 300
Goodrich, B. F., 109–10
Gorbachev, Mikhail, 238
Gore, Al, 168
government
Burke and necessity of, 33
conservative principles and role of, xxxi–xxxii
contemporary conservatives and, 22
Declaration of Independence and government as guarantor, not grantor, of rights, xxxiv
Democratic Party’s 2012 slogan and role of, xxxii
fiscal policy and, 280–81
founding documents and limits on, 13–15
libertarian anarchists’ view of, 133
Mises and protection of property rights, 129–31
and power as zero-sum game, xx
Progressives and responsibility for civil society, xiii
role of, and tension between order and liberty, 5
self-interest, capitalism, and limited, 144–46
see also spending, but government
Grams, Rod, 382
grassroots organizations. See cultural conservatism
Great Britain
Glorious Revolution and people’s selection of kings, 29–32
and socialism after World War II, 18, 152
Thatcher and, xxiii
Great Depression. See New Deal Progressivism
Great Society
effect on poverty level, xiii, 261–62
elections and rejection of, 96, 97
neoconservatism and failures of, 219–21
Greece, debts’ effect on economy of, 265, 279, 280, 281
Guantánamo Bay, 289, 296
Haig-Simons tax system, 274
Harding, Warren G., 96
economic policies of, 105–12, 120
Harris v. McRae, 188
Hartz, Louis, xv
Hawkes, Albert, 120
Hayek, Friedrich, xvi, xx, 131, 137, 151, 173–74
free market philosophy and influence of, xvi, 127–29
Mises and, 129
Reagan and, 204
socialism and, xxi, 18
health care. See Affordable Care Act
Henry, Patrick, 67, 355
Hillman, Sidney, 120
History of the American People (Johnson), 50
Hong Kong, 272
Hoover, Herbert
African-American voters and, 312
income tax rates and, 250–51
1930s tariffs and, 112–13
Houston, Sam, 78
human capital, government spending and, 269–70
Human Events, 187, 194, 204
humanitarian aid, U.S. military and lawfare’s threat to, 299
human nature
Burke’s understanding of, 36–38
Founders’ understanding of, 303, 322–23
Hume, David, 11
Humphrey, Hubert, 235, 310
Hutchinson, Tim, 317
hydrofracturing, 343
ideologues, and indifference to facts, 220–21
Illinois, 183
Illinois Federation of Republican Women, 178
I’ll Take My Stand (Davidson and Warren), 111
Index of Economic Freedom, xx, 248
Indians, removal policies and, 81–82
individualism, Tocqueville’s concerns about isolation and, 80, 82, 87–88, 89
information age, and foreign policy difficulties, 185, 296–99
interest rates, effects of government debt on, 264–66
Internal Revenue Code, size of, 272–73
Internal Revenue Service, Tea Party and, 355
Internet, electric grid’s vulnerability and, 336–37
iPhone, 141–42
Iran
hostage crisis and, 235
nuclear weapons and, 332–34
Iraq War, 240, 284, 296
Ireland, 62
isolationism, neoconservatism and failures of, 219–20
Jackson, Andrew, 71, 78, 313
Jackson, Henry “Scoop,” 226–27, 233, 235, 236, 310, 331–32
Jackson-Vanik Amendment, 227, 332
James II, king of England, 30, 51
Japan, government debt and, 267, 268
Jefferson, Thomas, 313, 355
agrarian tradition and, 106
French Revolution and, 37
private property and, 53
religion and founding documents, 68
Jeffords, Jim, 370
Jerusalem, as founding city of conservatism, 9
Jewish Institute for National Security Affairs, 235
Jews
emigration from Soviet Union, 227, 332
neoconservatism and, 216, 236, 240
Jobs, Steve, 141–42
John Birch Society, 156–57
Johns Hopkins University, 289
Johnson, Lyndon
and drift away from founding principles, 69, 96
neoconservatism and failures of Great Society, 219–21
Vietnam War and, 223, 224
Johnson, Paul, 50, 69–70
Johnson, Samuel, 75
Judd, Dr. Walter, 161–62
Karimov, Islam, 293–95
Kasich, John, 317
Keene, David, 148. See also Buckley, William F. Jr.
Kemp, Jack, xxiii–xxiv
Kennedy, John F., 223, 312, 313
Kennedy, Ted, 182
Key, V. O., 312–13
Keynes, John Maynard, 20
Keynesianism, fiscal policy and, 272
Key to Peace, The (Manion), 179
Kilgore, Harley, 120
King’s Mountain battle, 71
Kirk, Russell, xv, xvii, xxii, xxxv, 8–9, 156
Kirkpatrick, Jeane, 233, 235
Kissinger, Henry, 228–29, 234, 293. See also détente
Knight, Frank, 131
Koran incident, 296
Korin, Anne, 344
Kristol, Irving, 218–21, 224, 239
labor
as commodity, 42
as factor of production, 245–46, 249–50
Laffer Curve, taxes and, 271, 274–77, 275
Larson, Edward, 308
Law, The (Bastiat), 204
lawfare, 297–99
Lawrence, David, 117
Lenin, Vladimir, 286
Liberal Imagination, The (Trilling), xiv–xv
liberalism
coalition of special interests and, xli–xlii
collective action through government and, 7
equality of outcome and, xxxviii
and false picture of conservatism, xiv–xvi, xxx–xxxi, xxxix–xl
Hayek as nineteenth-century liberal, 128–29
nature of in 1950s and 1960s, before New Left, 222–23
and politics after World War II, 17–20
Reagan and contradictions of, 201–5
Liberal Tradition in America, The (Hartz), xv
libertarian conservatism, 345–59
government expansion into domestic affairs, 350–53
national debt and national security, 356–58
national security and government role in foreign affairs, 353–56
reducing size of government and, 348–49
libertarianism, 123–46
anarchists and, 133
Buckley’s conservative movement and, 155, 157–58
collectivism and, 125–27, 138
as extension of conservatism into economics, 23
Friedman and, 131–32
Hayek and, 127–29
limited influence on conservatives, 134–36
Mises and, 129–31
principles of, 18
Rand and morality of self-interest versus altruism, 137–46
Reagan on, 345
Reagan’s “ideas cluster” and, 199
social issues and, 123
liberty
conservative principles and, xxxiii
dependence on social and civic virtue, xii–xiii
in founding documents, 15–16
as pillar of modern conservatism, 4–5, 8
Reagan and, 210
Lincoln, Abraham, 242
local government
replaced by soft despotism of bureaucrats, 91–94
Tocqueville on strengths of U.S. and, 80–82, 87
Locke, John, 11, 51
London, as founding city of conservatism, 9, 10–11
Lowden, Sue, 372
Luft, Gal, 344
Madison, James, 106, 322
Madoff, Bernie, 136
Magna Carta, 10–11, 27, 50
Manion, Clarence, 179–80
Mansfield, Harvey, 78
Marcus Aurelius, 10
marriage
Left’s discrediting of and resulting welfare and illegitimacy rates, 189–90
social conservatism’s support of traditional, 323–24, 327
Marx, Gary, 321
McCarthy, Eugene, 167–68, 224
McCaskill, Claire, 372
McGovern, George, 224, 227
Meese, Edwin III, 191–92. See also Reagan, Meese on
Mellon, Andrew, 120
Mencken, H. L., 308
Meyer, Frank, 153–54, 155–56, 162–63
military power. See national security entries
Mill, John Stuart, 11
minimum wage, 42
Mises, Ludwig von, 18, 132, 143
free-market philosophy and influence of, 129–31
Mitchell, Daniel, 244. See also economics, and public policy
Mondale, Walter, 380
monetary policy, economic prosperity and, 249, 250–51
Monopoly, entrepreneurship and invention of game, 116
Montgomery, G. V. “Sonny,” 363
moral equivalence, 209
Moral Majority, 187, 306, 315, 320
Morgenthau, Henry, 104
Mount Vernon Statement, 1–2, 25–26
Moynihan, Daniel Patrick, xvii, 235, 316
Mubarak, Hosni, 333
Musharraf, Pervez, 295
Napoleon, 37, 58
Nash, George, xvii, 149, 198–99, 201, 214
national debt. See deficits and debts, of government
National Review, xvii, 149, 151, 154–55, 160, 167, 187, 195, 204
mission statement of, 153
National Right to Life Committee, 316
national security, and domestic threats, 329–44
electric grid and, 335–39, 341–42, 344
oil and, 335–36, 339–41, 342–43
national security, and foreign threats, 208–9
need for strong U.S. military, 332–35
neoconservatism and, 219
Reagan and, 210, 211
National Security Agency, 355–56
NATO, 298, 300
natural gas, 343
Nazism, flaws in pacifist ideology and, 225–26, 229, 230
neoconservatism, 215–42
Carter and failed diplomacy, 233–35
contributions of, 242
“current of thought” and ideas of, 24–25, 219–21, 242
and liberalism’s nature in 1950s and 1960s before New Left, 222–23
military power’s use and, 25
misrepresentation of during G. W. Bush administration, 216, 239–40
Nixon administration and détente, 226–27, 236–37, 293
Podhoretz on détente versus ideology of Soviet Union, 228–33
Reagan and “peace through strength,” 235–39, 394n11
Reagan’s “ideas cluster” and, 199
Vietnam War and antiwar movement’s shift of pacifism, 223–27
New Deal Progressivism
fiscal policy and, 261
neoconservatism and failures of, 219–20
resistance to, 96, 97
New Deal Progressivism, Folsom on, 101–120
failure of policies, 103–5
1920s policies and low unemployment and high entrepreneurship, 105–12
1930s policies and effect of federal spending, 112–18
post-World War II effect of changes in tax policy, 118–21
and question of private versus government spending, 106–7
New Freedom, of Wilson, 96
New Hampshire, in American Revolution, 60–61
Newsweek, 296, 327
Nigeria, 39
1920s, reduced federal spending and taxation in
increased entrepreneurship in, 107–12
low unemployment and, 105–7
1930s
Hoover and effects of tariffs, 112–13
Roosevelt and effects of New Deal spending, 114–18
Nisbet, Robert, 90
Nixon, Richard, 160, 163, 181, 182, 224, 312, 313
détente and, 226–33, 234, 236–37, 293
None Dare Call It Treason (Stormer), 180
Norcross, David A., 27–28. See also Burke, Edmund, Norcross on
Northwest Ordinance, 68
nuclear weapons, Iran and, 332–34
Nullification Crisis, 81
Oakeshott, Michael, xxi
Obama, Barack, 69, 312
Bush’s anti-terrorism policies and, 290, 291
child tax credit and, 318
and dependency fostered by federal programs, 189
fairness and election of, 142–43
growth of government under, 262, 280
support for, 327–28, 362, 376
use of drones, 354
U.S. military and threats of lawfare, 299
see also Affordable Care Act
ObamaCare. See Affordable Care Act
objectivism. See Rand, Ayn
O’Connor, Sandra Day, 314
Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs (OIRA), 255
Office of War Information (OWI), politics and, 118–19
oil, domestic security and, 339–41, 342–43
Oman, 288
O’Neill, Tip, 373
OPEC, 339–41, 342–43
opportunity, equality of, xxxviii
order and tradition
Athens and social order, 9–10
Burke and, 11–12
communism’s destruction of, 19
conservative principles and, xx–xxi, xxxi–xxxii, 5–6, 8, 24, 35–36
in founding documents, 16
outcome, equality of, xxxviii
pacifism, and anti-Vietnam War movement, 225–27
Paine, Thomas, 44–45, 171–72
Pakistan, 295
partial-birth abortion, 316
Patriot Act, 289
patriotism, Reagan and “informed,” xiv
Paul, Rand, 345. See also libertarian conservatism
Paul Revere’s Ride (Fischer), 62
Perdue, Sonny, 377
perestroika (reconstruction), 238
Perkins, Tony, 321
Perle, Richard, 226, 235–36, 331–32
Philadelphia, PA, as founding city of conservatism, 9, 12–13
Philadelphia Society, 159
philanthropy, in U.S., 94–95
Phyllis Schlafly Report, 182
physical capital, government spending and, 269–70
piety, conservatism and, xxi
Podhoretz, Norman, 218, 236
on détente versus ideology of Soviet Union, 228–33
Poinsett, Joel, 78
politics
purpose of, xx
Rand and morality as driver of, 137–43
transcendence of God and limits on authority of government, 7–8
Portugal, 267–68
poverty
effects on Progressive programs on, 261–62
marriage and, 318
neoconservatism and failures of Great Society, 219–21
price controls, Reagan’s ending of, 210
private property. See property rights
privatization, and Thatcher in Great Britain, xxiii
pro-family movement, 185–90, 319
Progressive movement
and civil society as responsibility of government, xiii
and drift away from founding principles, 69
expansion of government and, 260–61
soft despotism and, 90–91
Prohibition, 309
property rights
Declaration of Independence and, 53
democracy and, 79, 95–96
freedom and, xx
Mises and government’s only role as protection of, 129–31
protectionism, 250–53
prudence
Burke and, 12
conservatism and, xxi–xxii, xxxiv
Public Interest, The, 218, 219
Putnam, Robert, 90, 94
Qaboos bin Said, Sultan, 288, 289
Quist, Alan, 382
radical Islamists, failure to call out in War on Terror, 291–92
Rahe, Paul, 92
Rahn Curve, government spending and, 271, 271, 276
Rand, Ayn
altruism, morality, and politics, 123–26, 137–43
Buckley’s conservative movement and, 157
limited government and, 144–46
objective truth and, xxxvi–xxxvii
self-interest, morality, and individual liberty, 141–44
Randolph, John, 79
Reader’s Digest, publishing of Hayek’s writings, 151, 173–74
Reagan, Ronald, xviii, 22, 96, 188, 234, 320, 358
Beirut attacks and, 286
Buckley’s conservative movement and, 160–61, 163
compromise and, 367–69
and conservatism’s transformation to political movement, xviii–xix, xxiv–xxv, 21
economic policy and, xxiv
on freedom, xiii
“informed patriotism” and, xiv
neoconservative principles and people in administration of, 235–39
and not speaking ill of other Republicans, 373
quoted on government, 345, 349
quoted on libertarianism, 345
size of government and, 134–35, 262
social conservatism’s support of, 305–8, 311–12
Supreme Court appointments, 314–15
Reagan, Ronald, Meese on, 191–214
conversion from liberalism, 201–5
early phases of conservative movement, 193–96
as governor of California, 196–98, 205–6, 309
intellectual foundation of philosophy of, 191, 198–201, 204
as president, 207–14
Realpolitik, 229
Reappraising the Right (Nash), 198–99, 214
Reed, Ralph, 303–4. See also social conservatism
Reflections on the Revolution in France (Burke), 38
refrigerator, entrepreneurship and invention of, 110
regionalism, criticism of 1920s progress and, 111–12
Regnery, Alfred S., 2. See also conservatism, Regnery on
Regnery, Henry, xvii, xxxv, 2
regulations
effect on economic prosperity, 249, 250–51, 253–59
government spending and, 270–71
“regulatory capture,” 257
Reid, Harry, 372
religion
as essential element in ordered society, 43–44
social conservatism and separation of church and state, 326
Tocqueville on strengths of U.S. and, 85–86, 88, 95
see also belief in God
religious liberty, 4–5
religious right. See cultural conservatism
Religious Roundtable, 312
Republican Party
conservative tradition and, xxxix–xl
failure to oppose government’s drift toward Left, 172–76
Goldwater and platform of 1964, xvii–xviii, 21
and misguided trust in government, 355–56
need to broaden base of, 358–59
social conservatives’ move to toward, 307–8, 312–14
Republican Party, Barbour on, xl, 361–84
Congressional elections and importance of primaries, 364
differences of opinions within, 365–69
elections and likability, 377
grass roots and conservatism, 374–77
need for Big Tent, 377–84
need to avoid hurting Republican candidates, 369–74
winning elections as goal, 362–64
“return to normalcy,” of Harding, 96
Reuther, Walter, 150
revolutions, Burke’s principles and outcomes of, 38–40
rights, government as guarantor, not grantor, of, xxxiv
Road to Serfdom, The (Hayek), xvi, 127, 151, 204
Robertson, Pat, 306, 310
Rockefeller, John D., 95
Rockefeller, Nelson, 181
Roe v. Wade, 187, 309, 315, 317, 324
Romania, 166
Rome, as founding city of conservatism, 10
Romney, Mitt, 135, 320, 376, 377
Roosevelt, Franklin D.
attempt to pack Supreme Court, 96
and drift away from founding principles, 69, 163
expansion of government under, 172–74
reputation of, 101, 103
unions and, 313
see also New Deal Progressivism
Roosevelt, Theodore, 368
Rossiter, Clinton, xv
Rostow, Eugene V., 233, 235
Roth, William, xxiv
Rothbard, Murray, 133
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 34, 44
rule of law
conservatism and limited use of courts, 23–24
contemporary conservatives and, 23–24
Declaration of Independence and, 53
economic prosperity and, 249–50, 251, 268–69
in founding documents, 16
government spending and, 268–69
as pillar of modern conservatism, 6, 8
Reagan and, 210, 212–13
Rome and, 10
social conservatism and moral code, 326–27
“ruling class” versus “country class,” 23
Rumsfeld, Donald, 241, 284. See also foreign policy
Rusher, William, xvii
Russian Revolution, 38–39. See also Soviet Union
Ryan, Paul, 279, 280
Sadat, Anwar, 234–35
Sanders, Bernie, 370
Santayana, George, xxi
Santorum, Rick, 135, 137–38, 318
Sarbanes-Oxley Act, 135–36, 270
SCADA systems (the Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition systems), 337
Schlafly, Phyllis, 169–70. See also cultural conservatism
Schlesinger, Arthur Jr., xv, 103
school prayer issues, social conservatives and, 314
Schwarz, Dr. Fred, 177–78
Scopes Trial, 308
Scotland, 62, 71
Screen Actors Guild, 202, 203
Second Amendment, American Revolution and, 62
secularism, growth in U.S., 43–44
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), 270
self-interest
entrepreneurs’ motives and, 111–12
limited government and, 144–46
Rand and morality and individual liberty, 141–44
self-sacrifice. See altruism
September 11 attacks, and Bush administration’s response to, 286, 287–92
Sharansky, Natan, 192
Sharon Statement, 1–2, 195
Sheldon, Lou, 310
Shultz, George, 286
single-rate consumption-based tax system, 273
smallpox, and Dark Winter exercise, 289
Smith, Adam, 65, 132, 142, 252
Smith, Alfred E., 313
Smith, Captain John, 52–53
Smoot-Hawley Tariff, 250–53
social conservatism, 303–28
Buckley’s conservative movement and, 157–58
entitlement issues, 324–26
Founders’ understanding of human nature and, 303, 322–23
goals of, 328
history of movement, 306–10
judicial appointment issues, 314–15
movement from Democratic to Republican Party, 307–8, 312–14
new leaders of movement, 320–21
pro-life and anti-abortion issues, 309, 314, 316–17, 328
rule of law and moral code, 326–27
school prayer issues, 314
separation of church and state issues, 326
support of Reagan, 305–8, 311–12
support of, then disappointment with, Carter, 307–8, 310–11
tax issues, 317–18
Tea Party and, 319–20
traditional marriage issues, 323–24, 327
welfare reform and, 318–19
see also cultural conservatism
social contract, 11, 13
socialism, 209, 232, 273, 357
conservatives and fears of U.S. drift toward, 158, 194
Hayek and, xxii, 18
soft despotism and, 97
Social Security
fiscal policy and, 261
unsustainable costs of, 324–26
soft despotism, Tocqueville and anticipation of, 86–94
optimism and recent U.S. rejection of, 94–99
solar power, 335–36
Souter, David, 314–15
Southern Agrarians, 111–12, 118
Soviet Union
communism in, post-World War II, 17–19
economics in, 40–41
flaws in pacifist ideology and, 225–26
Nixon’s détente and, 226–27, 236–37, 293
political parties and, 39
Reagan and, 207, 208–9, 211–12, 236–39
weakness of ideology of, 334
see also communism
Spain, government debt and, 267–68
Spalding, Matthew, xv–xvi
spending, by government
debt as symptom of, 264
extraction and diversion costs, 268
fiscal policy and, 268–72
on physical and human capital, 269–70
transfer and consumption spending, 270–72
Stennis, John, 331
Stevenson, Adlai, 301–2
Stigler, George, 257
Stormer, John, 180
Strategic Defense Initiative, 211
subsidiarity, 81
Sundback, Gideon, 109
supply-side economics, xxiv, 40
Supreme Court
abortion rulings, 187–88
communism and, 178–79
government expansion and, 350–53
Reagan’s appointments to, 314–15
social conservatives and rulings of, 307, 309, 314–15, 323–24
taxes and, 261
Warren and Eisenhower and, 176
Syria, 333, 353–54
Taft, Robert, 176, 368
Taft, William Howard, 368
Taliban, 297
Talleyrand-Périgord, Charles-Maurice de, 75
tariffs, Hoover and effects of 1930s, 112–13
taxes and taxation
Constitution and, 261
economy and changes after World War II, 118–21
fiscal policy and, 272–79
Hoover and raising of, 250–51
as issues in American colonies, 61–63
rates in 1930s, 115–16
Reagan as president and, 210
Reagan in California and, 197
reduced in 1920s, 105–12
revenue maximization and, 274–77
size of Internal Revenue Code, 272–73
social conservatives and, 317–18
“starve the beast-feed the beast” debate, 277–78
Tea Party
Constitution and, 17
Delaware in 2010 and, 371
IRS and, 355
social conservatives and, 319–20
temperance movement, 84
terrorism
designed to alter behavior, 285–86, 288, 301
difficulties of defending against, 286–87
see also War on Terror
Thatcher, Margaret, xxiii, xxxvii, 129
Therapeutic Abortion Act, 309
Thompson, Tommy, 97, 373
Time, xvii
Tocqueville, Alexis de, xiii, 68, 71, 75–99
on dangers to democracy of soft despotism, 86–94
family of, during French Revolution, 78
journey to U.S. in 1830, 75, 77–78, 89
optimism of and recent U.S. rejection of soft despotism, 94–99
on strengths of democracy, 79–86
Toledano, Ralph de, xxi
Towey, Frank, 117
trade policy
economic prosperity and, 249, 250–53
Hoover and tariffs, 112–13
tradition. See order and tradition
traditional conservatives, Buckley’s conservative movement and, 155, 157–58
transfer spending, by government, 270–72
transformers, electric grid and scarcity of, 337–38
Treaty Trap, The (Beilenson), 203
Trilling, Lionel, xiv–xv, 153
Truman, Harry, 119, 174
truth, as moral foundation of conservatism, xxxiii, xxxv–xxxviii
Tunisia, 39
Turning Oil into Salt (Korin and Luft), 344
Twain, Mark, 296
unemployment
changes in, after World War II, 120–21
New Deal policies and, 103
1920s reduction in federal spending and taxation and, 105–7
1930s tariffs and, 112–13
union members, movement from Republican to Democratic Party, 312–13
universal jurisdiction, concept of, 297–99
utopia, results of government’s seeking of, xx
Uzbekistan, 293–95
value-added taxes, 277–78
Vietnam War, antiwar movement and Democratic Party’s shift to pacifism, 223–27
virtue, liberty and pursuit of, 5
voluntary associations, Tocqueville on strengths of U.S. and, 82–86, 87–88, 94
Wallace, George, 182
Wallace, Henry, 174
war, Constitution and power to declare, 353–56
War and Decision: Inside the Pentagon at the Dawn of the War on Terrorism (Feith), 241
War on Terror
deterring terrorists and, 289–90
failure to call out radical Islamists, 291–92
language and naming of, 290–91
preemption and, 290
see also terrorism
Warren, Earl, 176
Warren, Robert Penn, 111, 118
Washington, D.C., perks, power, and principles in, 161–62
Washington, George
Articles of Confederation and Constitution, 66
Farewell Address of, 324
military and intellectual background of, 53–56
radical change and, 36
religion and founding documents, 68
in Revolutionary War, 57–59
waterboarding, 296–97
Wealth of Nations, The (Smith), 65, 132, 252
Weicker, Lowell, 164
Welch, Robert, 156–57
welfare
effect on poverty level, 261–62
social conservatism and reform of, 318–19
We the Living (Rand), 126
“What Is a ‘Neoconservative’?” (Kristol), 224
“Why I Am Not a Conservative” (Hayek), 128
Wickard v. Filburn, 350–53, 354
Will, George, 352
William I, king of England, 27, 32, 51, 56
Williamson, Kevin, 325
Willkie, Wendell, 175
Wilson, Woodrow, 69, 96, 105
wind power, 335–36
Witness (Chambers), xv, xvi, xxxv–xxxvi, 153, 204
Wolf, Frank, 317
Wolfowitz, Paul, 235
women’s rights movement, 84. See also Equal Rights Amendment
Wood, Gordon, 56, 79
Woolsey, R. James, 329–30. See also national security, and domestic threats
Works Projects Administration (WPA), 103–5, 116–17
World War II
collectivism after, 125–27
economy and income tax changes after, 118–21
liberalism after, 17–20, 152–53
Yergin, Daniel, 151, 152
You Can Trust the Communists (to Be Communists) (Schwarz), 177
Young Americans for Freedom, 195, 196
Zawahiri, Ayman al–, 297
zipper, entrepreneurship and invention of, 109–10
Zumwalt, Elmo, 236