Chronology

410	The Romans leave Britain.
c. 475 to c. 548	The traditional time of Arthur.
c. 500	Fergus Mor Mac Erc, Arthur’s great-great-grandfather, invades Argyll and becomes king of the Scots of Dalriada-Scotland.
c. 501	Death of Fergus—Domangart Mac Fergus, Arthur’s great-grandfather becomes king of the Scots.
c. 507	Death of Domangart—Comgall Mac Domangart, Arthur’s great-granduncle, becomes king of the Scots.
c. 525	Gabhran Mac Domangart, Arthur’s grandfather arrives in Manau.
c. 530	Birth of Aedan Mac Gabhran, Arthur’s father.
c. 538	Comgall Mac Domangart, Arthur’s great granduncle, abdicates—Gabhran Mac Domangart, Arthur’s grandfather, becomes king of the Scots.
c. 540	Birth of Merlin-Lailoken and his twin-sister, Languoreth, at Cadzow-Hamilton.
c. 544	The Angles arrive under the warlord Ida.
547	Ida stages a coup and founds the Angle kingdom of Bernicia.
553	Emrys leads resistance to the Angles.
c. 557	Emrys takes the title Pen Dragon.
c. 558	Arthur’s grandfather, Gabhran Mac Domangart, king of the Scots, defeated by Bridei Mac Maelchon, king of the Picts. Gabhran dies this year or perhaps the following year. Conall Mac Comgall, Arthur’s second cousin once removed, becomes king of the Scots.
c. 559	Birth of Arthur Mac Aedan (Arthur).
c. 563	Gwenddolau becomes the second Pen Dragon, the “other” or Uther Pendragon.
563	Columba-Crimthann arrives in Scotland.
c. 568	The rebel lords rise against Conall, king of the Scots. Columba-Crimthann is given Iona.
c. 570	Aedan, Arthur’s father, becomes king of Manau.
573	Battle of Arderydd. Merlin goes into exile in the Caledonian Wood.
574	Aedan, Arthur’s father, becomes king of the Scots of Dalriada. Arthur takes the sword from the stone and becomes tanist and warlord of the Scots.
c. 574 to c. 575	Scots civil war—Battle of Delgon and Arthur’s Battle of Glein.
575 to 576	The Council of Drumceatt.
c. 577 to c. 580	Arthur’s four Battles of Douglas.
c. late-570s	Arthur kills Hueil the brother of Gildas.
c. 580	Merlin returns from exile. The Orkney campaign of Aedan, Arthur’s father.
c. 584	The Battle of Bassas—Arthur defeats the Miathi-Pictish king, Bridei Mac Maelchon.
c. 586	Part one of the Great Angle War—Arthur is victorious in every battle:
	Campaign of the Caledonian Wood
	The Battle of the Caledonian Wood
	The Battle of Guinnion
	The Battle of the City of the Legions
	The Battle of Tribruit.
c. 588	Part two of the Great Angle War—Arthur is victorious in both battles:
	The Badon Campaign
	Battle of Agned-Breguoin
	Battle of Badon.
c. 592	Death of Muluag of Lismore.
593	Death of Éoganán Mac Gabhran, Arthur’s uncle.
c. 596	Battle of Camlann and the death of Arthur.
597	Death of Columba-Crimthann.
c. 598	Gildas completes De Excidio Britanniae. Battle of Catterick in which the Angles defeat the Gododdin.
c. 600	Merlin-Lailoken is forced from court by Saint Mungo Kentigern.
c. 603	Battle of Degaston at which the Angles defeat Aedan’s army and the man now called Lancelot.
c. 603 to c. 608	Death of Aedan, Arthur’s father.
612	Death of Rhydderch, king of Strathclyde, and of Saint Mungo Kentigern.
c. 615	The Angles cut Britain in two at Chester or Carlisle.
c. 618	Death of Merlin-Lailoken.
c. 830	Nennius completes Historia Brittonum.
c. 1136	Geoffrey of Monmouth publishes Historia Regum Britanniae (History of the Kings of Britain).
1152	Geoffrey of Monmouth becomes bishop of St. Asaph.
1485	Thomas Malory publishes Le Morte d’Arthur.