Index

abolitionism, 110, 173

   Brown and, 182–83

Adams, Henry, 168–69

African Americans

   in Confederate Army, 347, 349

   Lee’s attitude toward, 173, 371–72, 382

   Mary Lee’s attitude toward, 383

   post-war conditions in South, 385

   in Union Army, 341–42

   voting rights, 382

   Washington College students and, 386, 389, 390

   White Sulphur paper and, 390

   see also slavery

Alexander, Edward Porter, 226, 267

    Appomattox Campaign, 357, 360, 362–63, 364

    Chancellorsville Campaign, 284

    Fredericksburg Campaign, 269, 271

    Gettysburg Campaign, 299–300, 302

    Petersburg Campaign, 342, 351, 352

Alexander, Peter W., 275

Alexandria, Va., 31

Allan, William, 307, 406

Anderson, Richard H., 258, 312, 320

    Appomattox Campaign, 357, 358, 360

    Chancellorsville Campaign, 280

    Gettysburg Campaign, 298

    Spotsylvania Campaign, 326, 327, 328, 329

    Wilderness Campaign, 324, 325

Antietam, Battle of, 261–63, 268

    map of, 260

Appomattox Campaign, 356–59

    Lee’s surrender, 359, 360–66, 367–68

    map of, 358

    Sayler’s Creek, Battle of, 358–59

Arlington Base Ball Club, 383

Arlington House, 39, 61, 71, 369, 410

    beauty of, 60

    confiscation by U.S. government, 314

    Custis’s bequest of, 175, 176

    layout of, 143–44

    occupation by Union Army, 195–96, 215

    renovations of, 164

    staff and livestock, 144

Armistead, Lewis A., 242

Army of Northern Virginia,225

    casualties under Lee’s leadership, 321

    desertion problem, 308–9, 347, 348, 349

    Lee’s farewell address, 367

    Lee’s offer to resign as commander, 307–8

    manpower shortages, 276

    officer situation in 1862, 245–48

    officer situation in 1864, 319–21

    provisions problem, 276, 318, 342–43, 347, 356–57

    rehabilitation following Maryland Campaign, 265, 267

    reorganization following Lee’s assumption of command, 233

    reorganization of corps and divisions, 289–90

Army of Virginia, 248

Babcock, Orville E., 364, 365

Babcock, Samuel, 57, 58, 62, 63, 95

Bank of Virginia, 35

Banks, Nathaniel P., 224

Barbour, James, 43

Barksdale, William, 271

Barnwell, William, 36

Barrett, Milton, 342

barrier islands, 213

Bartlett, William H. C, 158

Barton, H. T., 406, 411, 412, 415

Battery Hudson, 101

Battery Morton, 101

Beaumont, Sarah (“Tasy”), 93

    Lee’s letters to, 98, 106

Beaumont, William, 93

Beauregard, P. G. T., 198, 204, 288, 292, 312, 313,330,335,390

    Fort Sumter, Battle of, 187

    Lee’s letters to, 370

    Mexican War, 121, 127, 129, 130, 134, 135

    Petersburg Campaign, 336, 337, 338

Benjamin, Judah P., 208, 211

    Lee’s letters to, 212, 214

Bennett, W. Jefferson, 408

Benton, Thomas Hart, 81

Berkeley, Carter, 31

blacks, see African Americans

Blair, Francis, 187–88

Bledsoe, Albert Taylor, 197

Blow, Henry T., 382

Bond, Christina, 391–92

Booth, John Wilkes, 370

Borcke, Heros von, 271

Brady, Matthew, 369

Bragg, Braxton, 264, 288, 309, 335

    Chickamauga Creek, Battle of, 310

    Missionary Ridge, Battle of, 312

    Petersburg Campaign, 336, 337, 338

Brandy Station, Battle of, 291

Breckinridge, John C., 330, 335, 348, 349

Bright, John, 389

Bristoe Station Campaign, 310–11

Brockenbrough, Francis H., 389

Brockenbrough, John W., 374, 400

Brooklyn, N.Y., 102

Brown, John, 181–83

Brown, Joseph, 212, 213

Buchanan, James, 176, 180

Buchser, Frank, 403–4

Buckler, Thomas H., 409–10

Buckner, Simon B., 214

Buena Vista, Battle of, 120

Bullet, Virginia, 87

Bull Run, First Battle of, 198, 199

Bull Run, Second Battle of, 251–55

    map of, 254

Burnside, Ambrose E., 279

    command of Army of the Potomac, 268

    Fredericksburg Campaign, 268–69, 271, 272

    Maryland Campaign, 268

Burr, Aaron, 28

Butler, Benjamin F., 336

Butterfield, Daniel, 285

Calhoun, John C., 42–43

Calvert, Julia, 64

Cameron, Simon, 188, 389–90

Campbell, John A., 348

Camp Cooper, 165

Carter, Annette, 404–5, 410

    Lee’s letters to, 186, 391, 404

Carter, Bernard Moore, 28, 109

Carter, Charles, 23, 24, 25, 29, 63

Carter, Charles Henry, 410

Carter, Lucy Lee, 25, 27, 28–29

Carter, Mildred, 30

Carter, Robert, 405

Carter, Robert (“King”), 25

Carter, Thomas H., 371

Caskie, James H., 223, 266

Catlett’s Station, Battle of, 251

Catumseh, Chief, 167

Cedar Mountain, Battle of, 250

Cerro Gordo, Battle of, 125–28

    map of, 126

Chamberlain, Joshua L., 368

Chambers, James A., 64

Chambersburg, Battle of, 267

Chancellorsville Campaign, 280–86

    map of, 281

Chapultepec, Battle of, 134–36

Charleston, S.C., fire of 1861, 214

Chatham estate, 269

Cheat Mountain Campaign, 203, 204–7, 209

    map of, 205

Chesnut, Mary, 199–200, 213, 313, 317

Chickamauga Creek, Battle of, 310

Childe, Catherine Mildred Lee, 32, 35, 38, 44, 51, 56, 159, 160, 168

Childe, Edward, 173

Chilton, Robert H., 227, 242, 269

Chittum, C. H.,416

Church, Albert E., 158

Churubusco, Battle of, 132–33

Cicero, 41

Civil War, 18, 19

    African-American soldiers, 341–42, 347, 349

    beginning of, 187

    civilians’ involvement, 249, 323

    coastal region, Lee’s defense of, 211–16

    Confederacy’s prospects, Lee’s views on, 197, 198,218,221,279

    Davis’s strategy for victory, 256

    “flag of truce” custom, 334

    foreign intervention, possibility of, 264

    guerrilla warfare, 249–50, 362–63

    “high tide” of Confederate hopes, 264

    Lee’s influence on overall Confederate strategy, 247

    Lee’s strategy for victory, 226–27, 288, 309

    Lee’s surrender, 359, 360–66, 367–68

    naval warfare, 219, 223, 345

    peace negotiations, 347–48

    peace with reunion, Lee’s views on, 265, 288–89

    prisoners of war, 342

    Sherman’s campaign in Georgia and

Carolinas, 343, 345, 347, 348

    as spiritual trial for Southern people, 308

    trench warfare, 339–40, 342, 343

    western theatre, 214, 247, 288, 306, 309–10, 312–13,346–47

    see also specific battles and campaigns

Clark, W. G., 395

Clark, William, 93

Clay, Clement C., 306

Cocke, Elizabeth Randolph, 372–73

Cocke, Harrison H., 196

Cocke, John Hartwell, 344

Cockspur Island, 57–58, 62–63

Cold Harbor, Battle of, 329–31, 334–35

    map of, 331

Colfax, Schuyler, 391

Colston, Raleigh, 320

Comanche tribe, 163, 167–68, 184

Confederate Army:

    African-American soldiers, 347, 349

    coastal region, Lee’s command of, 211–16

    conscription of soldiers, 218–19

    crises of 1862, 216–17

    illness problems, 201

    Lee’s appointment as general in chief, 347

    Lee’s appointment to command position, 225

    Lee’s initial appointment, 189

    Lee’s role as consultant/coordinator, 199, 204, 216

    Lee’s role as intermediary between Davis and officers, 222, 224

    Virginia Militia, 189, 194–95, 196, 198, 199

    see also Army of Northern Virginia

Confederate States of America:

    capital at Richmond, 197

    desertion of Richmond, 355

    formation of, 186, 187

    Lee’s loyalty to, 193–94

    secession of states from Union, 42, 185–86, 187–89, 191, 193

Congress, U.S., 78, 161

    Reconstruction and, 381–82, 385

Connally, Jim, 112, 113, 117, 119, 139, 142, 144

Conner, David, 122

Conrad, Charles M., 154

Conscription Act of 1862 (CSA), 218–19

Contreras, Battle of, 130–33

Cook, Thomas M., 369

Cooke, Giles, 368

Cooke, Philip St. George, 238

Cooper, Samuel, 204, 208, 280, 410

    Lee’s letters to, 337

Corps of Engineers, see Engineer Corps

Cortinas, Juan, 184

Crater, Battle of the, 341–42, 344

Crenshaw, Lewis D., 355

C.S.S. Virginia, 219, 222

Cuba, 148

Cullum, George W., 82

Custer, George A., 363–64

Custis, George Washington Parke, 39, 161, 164–65

    death of, 173–74

    early years, 60–61

    estate left by, 175–77

    land holdings, 144–45

    Lee’s engagement to Mary, 61–62

    Lee’s letters to, 76, 110, 138–39

    Lee’s relationship with, 76, 77

    Lees’ wedding, 64

    personal qualities, 61

    slave ownership, 144

    wife’s death, 159–60

Custis, Mary Fitzhugh, 39, 62, 69, 71, 76, 86, 93, 145

    death of, 159

    Lee’s letters to, 103, 119, 120, 152

    Lee’s relationship with, 77

    Lees’ wedding, 64

    Mary Lee’s relationship with, 77

    on Rooney Lee, 169

    personal qualities, 61

Dabbs, Mary C., 227

Dabney, R. L., 384, 399

Dahlgren, Ulric, 322

Daniel, John M., 191,209

Darby, John Fletcher, 95

Darwin, Charles, 80

Davis, Jefferson, 196, 199, 204, 216, 219, 248, 288, 343, 344, 409, 413

    African-American soldiers for Confederate Army, 347

    capture by Union Army, 370

    Chancellorsville Campaign, 283, 285

    Civil War strategy, 256

    Cuban revolutionary junta episode, 148

    Fort Sumter, Battle of, 187

    Fredericksburg Campaign, 268

    on Lee as West Point Superintendent, 157

    Lee’s appointment to command position, 225

    Lee’s assignment to western theatre, proposed, 309, 312–13

    Lee’s letters to, 148, 156, 196, 227–29, 234, 235, 238, 239, 247, 248, 251, 254, 255–56, 257, 259, 261, 268, 283, 285, 288–89, 290, 292, 306, 307–8, 312, 321, 322, 334, 335, 336, 342–43, 346, 347, 368

    Lee’s offer of resignation, 308

    Lee’s relationship with, 198, 248

    Lee’s surrender, 368

    letters of recommendation for Lee, 212’

    Maryland Campaign, 255–56, 257, 259, 261

    Northwestern Virginia Campaign, 208, 209

    Peninsula Campaign, 220, 222, 223, 224, 225, 227–29, 234, 235, 236, 238, 239, 241

    Pennsylvania Campaign, 306

    Petersburg Campaign, 337, 338, 339–40, 342–43, 346, 347

    presidency of Confederacy, 187

    Richmond, move to, 197–98

    as Secretary of War, 154, 156, 161

    spiritual view of Civil War, 308

    treason issue, 386–87, 390

    at West Point, 50, 54

Davis, Varina, 223

Deas, George Allen, 195

Deep Bottom, Battles of, 344

Delafield, Richard, 63

Derwent (Lee’s Cumberland County house), 373

Dominquez, Manuel, 128

Dow, Neal, 389

Duncan, D. G., 197

Duncan, James, 138

Early, Jubal, 320, 339, 344

    Chancellorsville Campaign, 281, 283, 285

    Gettysburg Campaign, 298

    memoirs of, 384

    Shenandoah Valley Campaign, 335, 338, 345, 346

    Spotsylvania Campaign, 326, 329

Educational Society of Virginia, 398–99

Elliott, Ralph E., 59

Emancipation Proclamation, 264, 273

Engineer Corps:

    coasting voyage (1849), 146

    Fort Carroll construction, 145–47, 148

    Fort Monroe construction, 63–64, 68–69, 74–75

    Fort Pulaski construction, 57–58, 62–63

    Fort Wool construction, 63, 69, 74, 75

    internal improvements projects, 78–79

    Lee’s commission to, 54

    Lee’s engineering strategy, 91–92

    Lee’s status within, 69

    Lee’s Washington assignments, 75, 77–79, 80–81, 143

    Mississippi River rapids project, 86, 88–89, 91–92,94,95,96–97

    New York military installations project, 101, 102–3

    Ohio-Michigan boundary survey, 81–83

    St. Louis harbor project, 84–85, 86–88, 89–91, 94, 95–96, 97, 98, 99–100

    West Point and, 48

Eustis, Abram, 68, 74

Eveleth, James, 81

Ewell, Richard S., 249, 320, 337

    Appomattox Campaign, 357, 358, 359

    Bristoe Station Campaign, 310, 311

    capture by Union Army, 359

    Cold Harbor, Battle of, 330

    corps command in Army of Northern Virginia, 290

    Gettysburg Campaign, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299, 302, 303

    health problems, 320

    Lee’s letters to, 320

    Pennsylvania Campaign, 292, 293

    Spotsylvania Campaign, 326, 327

    Wilderness Campaign, 324, 325

Fair Oaks, Battle of, 224–25

Farley, Maria, 24

Farragut, David G., 345

Faulkner, William, 302–3

Federal Republican (newspaper), 32

Field, Charles w., 221

First Year of the War, The (Pollard), 209, 274

Fitzhugh, Anna Maria, 39, 403, 410

       Lee’s letters to, 137, 157–58, 177, 377

Fitzhugh, William Henry, 32, 39, 42, 61

Fitzwalter, John, 125

Floyd, John B., 179, 203, 204, 207, 208, 209, 210,214

Ford, Gerald, 380

Forsyth, John, 75

Fort Calhoun, 63, 69

Fort Carroll, 145–47, 148

Fort Fisher, Battle of, 347

Fort Hamilton, 101, 102–3

Fort Harrison, Battle of, 345

Fort Lafayette, 101

Fort McHenry, 146

Fort Monroe, 63–64, 68–69, 74–75

Fort Pulaski:

       Battle of, 215–16

       construction of, 57–58, 62–63

Fort Stedman, Battle of, 349, 353

Fort Sumter, Battle of, 187

Fort Wool, 63, 69, 74, 75

France, 264

Frazer, William D., 115

Fredericksburg Campaign, 268–69, 271–72

       map of, 270

Freud, Sigmund, 36

Gaines’s Mill, Battle of, 237–38

Garnett, Robert S. (congressman), 43

Garnett, Robert S. (Lee’s chief of staff), 195, 199, 202

Garrison, William Lloyd, 389

Gettysburg Battlefield Memorial Association, 392

Gettysburg Campaign:

       analyses of Confederate defeat, 301–3, 306–7

       casualties, 304–5

       first day of battle, 295

       geographical features, 295

       Lee’s analysis of, 307, 410

       Lee’s reaction to defeat, 301

       Lee’s strategy, 292–93, 295–97, 298–99

       map of, 294

       Pickett’s charge, 300, 301

       preliminary maneuverings, 293–94

       second day of battle, 297–98

       third day of battle, 298–300

       withdrawal of Confederate forces, 300–301, 304

Gibson, Churchill J., 384

Gibson, Mrs. Churchill J., 353

Gimbrede, Thomas, 53

Glendale, Battle of, 240–41

Goldsborough, Mary, 64

Goodfellow, John, 90

Gordon, Edward C., 383

Gordon, John B., 326, 349, 357, 359, 361, 362

Grade, Archibald, 343

Grant, Ulysses S., 214, 369, 403

       Appomattox Campaign, 356, 359, 360–61, 363, 364–66

       Cold Harbor, Battle of, 329–30, 334–35

       general in chief, appointment as, 322

       Lee, assessment of, 352

       Lee’s treason case, 370, 371

       Lee’s White House visit, 391

       Mexican War, 123

       Missionary Ridge, Battle of, 312

       Petersburg Campaign, 336, 338, 342–43, 344–45, 346, 348, 349

       presidency, election to, 391

       on Scott, 110

       Spotsylvania Campaign, 326, 327, 328, 329

       Vicksburg Campaign, 288, 306

       Wilderness Campaign, 326

Gratiot, Charles, 57, 65, 68, 74, 75, 78, 81, 84–85, 86, 95

Great Britain, 30, 32, 264

Greeley, Horace, 178

Green, Israel, 180, 181, 182

Green, Timothy, 74

Greene, Nathanael, 36

Griffin, Caesar, 389

Hadfield, George, 60

Hale, Abigail, 67, 71

Hale, Horace, 67, 71

Halleck, Henry W., 249, 279, 293

Hallowell, Benjamin, 43–44, 53, 146, 148

Hamilton, Alexander, 24, 28, 80

Hampton, Wade, 321, 335, 345, 346

Hampton Roads Peace Conference, 347–48

Hanson, Alexander C., 32–33

Hardee, William J., 343

Harpers Ferry, Va., 194

       Brown’s raid, 179–83

       Confederate capture of, 257, 261

Harrison, Henry T., 293

Haskell, John, 363

Hatcher’s Run, Battle of, 348

Ha-Tem-a-see, Chief, 167

Haxall, Charlotte (“Lottie”), 405

Haxall, Lou, 315–16

Heth, Henry, 221,299, 311, 357

Hill, A. P., 246, 247, 279, 320, 332

       Bristoe Station Campaign, 310–11

       Chancellorsville Campaign, 283

       Cold Harbor, Battle of, 330

       corps command in Army of Northern Virginia, 290

       death of, 355

       Gettysburg Campaign, 295, 296, 298, 299, 301

       health problems, 326

       Lee’s letters to, 330

       Maryland Campaign, 258, 259, 261, 262

       Peninsula Campaign, 232–33, 235, 236, 237, 238, 240, 241

       Pennsylvania Campaign, 292, 293

       Petersburg Campaign, 339, 346

       Spotsylvania Campaign, 326

       Wilderness Campaign, 324, 325

Hill, Benjamin H., 351–52

Hill, D. H., 246, 247, 290

       Maryland Campaign, 258, 259, 261, 263

       Peninsula Campaign, 232–33, 235, 236, 240, 241,243,250,251

Hitchcock, Ethan Allen, 93, 119, 128, 138

Hoke, Robert F., 330, 335

Holmes, David, 43

Holmes, Theophilus H., 241, 246

Homer, 41

Hood, John Bell, 279, 290–91

       with Army of Tennessee, 343, 345, 346–47

       Gettysburg Campaign, 297

       Maryland Campaign, 258, 259, 261

       Peninsula Campaign, 238

Hooker, Joseph, 261,292

       Chancellorsville Campaign, 280, 281–82, 283, 284, 285, 286

       command of Army of the Potomac, 279, 293

       wounding of, 284

Hotchkiss, Jed, 282, 284, 288, 400

Howard, Jacob M., 381–82

Howard, Oliver Otis, 150–51

Huger, Benjamin, 194, 220, 222, 246

       Peninsula Campaign, 231, 233–35, 240, 241

Humphreys, Milton W., 401

Hunt, Henry J., 107, 124

Hunter, Andrew, 347

Hunter, David, 335

Hunter, R. M. T., 348

Huse, Caleb, 155

Imboden, John D., 301, 304, 305

Indian wars, 161, 163, 167–68, 184

Intruder in the Dust (Faulkner), 302–3

Ives, Joseph Christmas, 226

Jackson, Andrew, 40, 59, 79

Jackson, Thomas J. (“Stonewall”), 194, 249, 250, 265, 384

       Cedar Mountain, Battle of, 250

       Chancellorsville Campaign, 280, 282–83

       death of, 283, 284, 286, 287–88

       Fredericksburg Campaign, 268, 271, 272

       Lee’s attitude toward, 247, 287

       Lee’s letters to, 221, 224, 249

       Manassas/Bull Run, Second Battle of, 251–52,253,255

       Maryland Campaign, 257, 258, 259, 261, 263

       Peninsula Campaign, 228, 231, 232–33, 235, 236, 237, 238, 240, 241

       Shenandoah Valley Campaign, 224, 232

Janney, John, 193

Jefferson, Thomas, 28, 30, 40, 79, 340

Johns, John L., 160, 410

Johnson, Andrew, 370, 371, 380, 382, 385

Johnson, Bushrod, 343, 357, 360

Johnson, Henry, 43

Johnson, Marmaduke, 191

Johnson, Reverdy, 390

Johnson, Richard M, 43

Johnston, Albert Sidney, 163, 164, 165, 204, 214, 405

       Lee’s letters to, 174

Johnston, Erastus C, 387–88, 394

Johnston, Joseph E., 68, 78, 92, 194, 204, 247, 248, 316, 348, 356, 409

       Lee’s letters to, 224

       Lee’s relationship with, 50, 248

       Mexican War, 119, 124

       Peninsula Campaign, 220–21, 222, 224–25

       western command, 288, 306, 313, 343

       at West Point, 50

       wounding of, 225

Johnston, Samuel R., 297

Johnston, William Preston, 405–6

Jones, D. R., 258, 261

Jones, John R., 258, 320

Jones, J. William, 353

Jones, William E., 335

Kayser, Henry I., 97

       investment advice for Lee, 108

       Lee’s letters to, 98, 106, 109–10

       Lee’s relationship with, 92

       St. Louis harbor project, 89–90, 99

Kearny, Stephen W., 114

Keith, Reuel, 65

Kelly, William, 43

Kelly’s Ford, Battle of, 277

Kennedy, John P., 64

Kershaw, Joseph B., 344, 345

Kilpatrick, Hugh Judson, 322

King’s Schoolhouse, Battle of, 233–35

Kiowa tribe, 184

Kremer, Theodore, 167

Lacy, B. T., 282

Lawton, Alexander, 258

Lawton, Andrew, 318, 408

Leary, William B., 39, 41, 42–43

Lee, Agnes, see Lee, Eleanor Agnes

Lee, Algernon Sidney (brother), 26

Lee, Ann Carter (mother), 17, 42, 379, 403

       Alexandria, move to, 31–32

       children born to, 26, 27, 28, 29

       death of, 56

       financial situation, 29, 30, 35

       health problems, 28, 38, 51

       Lee’s departure for West Point, 44

       Lee’s relationship with, 38, 44–45

       married life, 25–26, 27

       physical appearance, 38

       religious beliefs, 45

       transient life, 34, 56

       wedding day, 23–24, 25

       will of, 56

Lee, Annie Carter (daughter), 104, 159, 195, 230

       birth of, 97

       Custis’s bequest to, 175

       death of, 266

       grave, Lee’s visit to, 407

       Lee’s letters to, 139, 184, 212–13, 215, 265

Lee, Ann Kinloch (sister), see Marshall, Ann

Lee

Lee, Ann McCarty (Henry IV’s wife), 35–36, 39–41, 59–60, 97–98

Lee, Carter, see Lee, Charles Carter

Lee, Cassius (cousin), 410

Lee, Catherine Mildred (sister), see Childe,

Catherine Lee

Lee, Charles (uncle), 25

Lee, Charles Carter (brother), 27, 33, 34, 35, 37, 41, 43, 45, 79, 97, 98, 109, 179, 368, 401

       law practice, 38, 51, 60

       Lee’s letters to, 58, 62, 63, 64, 69, 75, 77, 81, 83–84, 89, 108, 137, 138, 139, 216

       Lee’s relationship with, 60

       mother’s bequest to, 56

       Lee, Charlotte Wickham (“Chass”) (Rooney’s first wife), 172, 184, 266

       death of, 314

       health problems, 266, 313

       Lee’s letters to, 172, 221–22, 226, 231, 266

       marriage of, 179

Lee, Custis, see Lee, George Washington Custis

Lee, Edmund Jennings (uncle), 31

Lee, Eleanor Agnes (daughter), 157, 159, 161, 195, 266, 313, 314, 344, 373, 403, 404, 411, 414,415

       birth of, 102

       Custis’s bequest to, 175

       Lee’s farewell tour, 406, 407, 408, 409

       Lee’s letters to, 17–18, 139, 165, 185, 212, 215, 265, 276, 277, 278, 279

       suitors for, 276

Lee, Elizabeth (aunt), 29

Lee, Fitzhugh (nephew), 314, 321, 403

       Appomattox Campaign, 361, 363

       Chancellorsville Campaign, 282

       Petersburg Campaign, 349

       Shenandoah Valley Campaign, 335, 344

       Spotsylvania Campaign, 326–27

       at West Point, 156

Lee, George Washington Custis (son), 75, 85, 86, 108, 169, 171, 176, 179, 265, 266, 267, 314, 317, 338, 344, 348, 352, 369, 411,415

       birth of, 71

       capture by Union Army, 359

       Civil War frustrations, 319

       Confederate Army, joining of, 195

       Custis’s bequest to, 175

       engineering work, 159, 164

       Lee’s letters to, 19, 105, 117–18, 119–20, 127–28, 149–50, 152, 178, 213, 215, 276, 277, 287, 314, 342, 410, 414

       Peninsula Campaign, 222

       St. Louis excursion, 92–93, 94, 96

       teaching career, 373, 377

       at West Point, 146, 148, 149, 150–52, 159

Lee, Harper, 105

Lee, Henry, II (grandfather), 24, 25

Lee, Henry, III (“Light Horse Harry”) (father), 17, 45, 61

       advice for children, 34

       Alexandria, move to, 31–32

       beating incident, 32–33

       congressional career, 27–28

       death of, 36

       emigration to West Indies, 33, 36

       financial situation, 24–25, 27, 28, 30, 31

       as governor, 26

       grave, Lee’s visits to, 215, 408

       Jefferson, attack on, 30

       learning of, 33–34

       Lee’s biographical sketch of, 400–401

       Lee’s relationship with, 34, 36–37

       legal problems, 30–31

       memoirs of, 31, 32, 37, 400

       military career, 24

       politics of, 28

       scruples of, 25

       wedding day, 23–24, 25

Lee, Henry, IV (half brother), 25, 27, 31, 35–36, 37, 39–41,43, 59–60, 79–80, 97

Lee, Lucy Grymes (half sister), see Carter, Lucy Lee

Lee, Mary (daughter), 86, 148, 159, 160, 163–64, 195, 266, 313, 314, 344, 373

       birth of, 83

       Custis’s bequest to, 175

Lee, Mary Anne Custis (wife), 17, 51, 75, 76, 163, 164, 172, 188, 276, 369, 404, 409

       Arlington House:

love for, 71

occupation by Union Army, 195–96

       childhood of, 39

       children born to, 71, 81, 83, 84, 86, 97, 101–2, 103

       Civil War travels, 211, 223, 230–31, 266, 344

       as Confederate partisan, 190

       Cumberland County home, 373

       Custis’s bequest to, 175

       health problems, 65, 83–84, 94, 103, 168, 171, 177, 179,277,313

       housekeeping, attitude toward, 70–71

Lee’s death, 411,412,413,415

Lee’s letters to, 71–72, 73, 82–83, 87, 88, 96, 102–3, 112, 113, 116, 117, 123–24, 136–37, 146–47, 148, 159, 164–65, 167, 168, 169, 171, 172, 173, 186, 196, 198, 202, 206–7, 208, 209, 213, 215, 216, 217, 221, 222, 223, 231, 243, 251, 266, 272–73, 274, 277–78, 279, 291, 306–7, 313–14, 318, 319, 329, 337, 342, 344, 345, 346, 347, 371, 387

Lee’s relationships with women, 73–74, 107

Lee’s relationship with, 313–14, 317

       courtship, 57

       engagement, 61–62

       married life, 67, 70–73, 74, 103, 106, 107

       wedding, 64–65

Lee’s tenure at Washington College, 375, 402

       military life, attitude toward, 69–70

       as mother, 94, 103–4

       mother, relationship with, 77

       mother’s death, 159

       portrait of, 93

       racial views, 383

       Reconstruction issues, 383, 385

       religious beliefs, 65–66

       Richmond homes, 313, 317

       St. Louis excursion, 92–94, 96

       self-centeredness, 65

       slaves, attitude toward, 177

       socks for troops, 318, 346, 347

Lee, Mary Tabb Boiling (Rooney’s second wife), 386, 387, 403

Lee, Matilda (Harry’s first wife), 24, 25, 27

Lee, Mildred Childe (daughter), 195, 230, 266, 314, 344, 373, 403

       birth of, 103

       Custis’s bequest to, 175

       Lee’s death, 411,412, 414–15

       Lee’s letters to, 212, 221–22, 249, 313, 404, 405, 406, 409, 410

       pet squirrel, 319

Lee, Nannie (Smith’s wife), 73

Lee, Philip (half brother), 25

Lee, Robert (grandson—died in infancy), 184, 231

Lee, Robert (nephew), 377

Lee, Robert E., 17–20

       alcohol use, attitude toward, 78, 398

       Amnesty Oath, 380–81

       anecdotes about, 210, 263, 350–54

       beard of, 210

       birth of, 29

       childhood of, 30, 31, 33, 34–35, 36, 38, 39

       Christmas epistle of 1862, 272–73

       citizenship, restoration of, 380–81

       Civil War memorials, attitude toward, 392

       class concerns, 41, 80

       as college president, see Washington College

       comic vision of life, 20, 414

       command experience at onset of Civil War, 192

       command position, first assignment to, 161

       communion incident, 372

       Confederate service, attitude toward, 370–71, 401

       confirmation of, 160

       confrontation, dislike for, 17–18, 183, 189–90, 204, 208

       control and freedom, desire for, 120, 150, 151, 157, 317–18

       coping capacity, 218

       courts-martial, presiding at, 170

       criticism of, 196–97, 209–10, 212, 213–14, 247–48, 306, 307

       Cuban revolutionary junta episode, 148

       Cumberland County home, 371, 372–73

       Custis’s estate, 175–79, 215, 273–74

       Custis’s properties, management of, 76–77, 164–65, 168

       death, brushes with, 121–22, 253

       death of, 410–13, 414–15, 417

       “death wish” issue, 332–33

       duty as freedom, 19, 85, 120, 151–52, 316

       education, philosophy of, 102, 398–99

       engineering work, see Engineering Corps

       ethical code, 370–71

       family contacts during Civil War, 265–66

       farewell address to troops, 367

       farewell tour of South, 406–9

       farming life, 175, 176–79

       fatalism of, 252–53

       as father, 19,96, 103–5, 112, 120, 145, 148, 149–50, 151–52, 156–57, 169–70, 171–72

       father’s biographical sketch, 400–401

       father’s grave, visits to, 215, 408

       father’s legacy, coming to terms with, 36–37

       financial situation, 54, 56, 107–9, 159, 168, 174, 176, 215, 222–23, 274, 314–15, 369, 374, 402

       “finishing up” by, 43–44

       food preferences, 117

       frustration of war, coping with, 350–54

       funeral of, 416

       genealogical interests, 79

       on gentlemanliness, 397

       governorship, proposed candidacy for, 384–85

       hand injury, 255

       health problems, 147–48, 184–85, 192, 277–79, 308, 309, 310, 314, 330, 352–53, 379, 386, 404, 405–6, 408, 409–10

       heroic stature, 20, 275–76, 286, 349–50, 391–92, 396, 414, 416–17

       homecoming from Mexico, 142, 143

       honor, sense of, 186, 189–90

       horse preferences, 116–17

       housekeeping, attitude toward, 70–71

       humor of, 82, 107, 158, 221–22, 267, 319

       leadership style in battle, 246

       lighthouse incident, 82

       limitations, awareness of, 109

       male camaradarie, 50, 107

       male role model, lack of, 95

       marriage, see Lee, Mary Anne Custis

       mathematical abilities, 41, 43–44, 53–54

       medical profession, attitude toward, 147, 278

       memoirs project, 373, 400

       Mexico City period, 139

       military capabilities, confidence in, 139–41

       military career, decision on, 41–42

       military education, see West Point Military Academy

       mother’s bequest to, 56

       offensive orientation of military strategy, 140–41, 203, 226–27

       paradoxes of, 413–14

       philosophy of life, 20, 112, 152, 414

       physical appearance, 54–55, 115, 145, 192, 226, 314

       political maneuvering within military, 110

       politics of, 79–80, 109–10, 172–73, 390–91

       portraits and photographs, 92, 115, 159, 369,403–4, 409

       promotions for, 69, 84, 94, 127, 133, 136, 163, 187, 210, 347

       racial views, 167, 173, 371–72, 382

       reading preferences, 53, 158, 161

       Reconstruction issues, 381–83, 384–85

       religious beliefs, 19, 34, 45–46, 80, 152, 160–61, 397

       resignation as Confederate commander, offer of, 307–8

       resignation from military, consideration of, 139, 174

       resignation from U.S. Army, 188

       Richmond, post-war return to, 368–69

       schooling of, 34, 38, 39, 41

       secession issue, 186, 187–89

       self-control of, 18–19, 45, 106

       shyness of, 34–35, 192

       slave ownership, 57, 72, 108, 173, 175, 177–78, 183–84, 273–74

       slavery, attitude toward, 72, 173, 184

       as Southerner, 189

       stoicism of, 267

       temper of, 277

       Texas assignments, 165, 167–68, 170, 183, 184–85

       treason issue, 369–71, 390

       troops, addresses to, 207, 367

       troops, care for, 210

       Virginia secession convention, address to, 191–93

       will of, 112

       women, relationships with, 19, 59, 72–74, 87, 89, 98–99, 106–7, 113, 139, 148–49, 315–16, 372, 404–5

       wounding of, 136

       see also specific persons, places and events

Lee, Robert E., Jr. (son), 117, 142, 159, 160, 175, 176, 195, 243–44, 249, 266, 291, 314, 369, 371, 373, 374, 378, 390, 403, 409

       birth of, 103

       childhood memories, 145, 156–57, 160–61

       Confederate Army, joining of, 217

       Custis’s bequest to, 175

       Lee’s letters to, 184

       Manassas/Bull Run, Second Battle of, 253–54

       Maryland Campaign, 263

       on Washington College, 374–75

       wounding of, 344

Lee, Robert E., II (grandson), 403

Lee, Rooney, see Lee, William Henry

Lee, Sidney Smith (brother), 35, 38, 51, 64, 73, 200

       birth of, 28

       Confederate Army, joining of, 195

       death of, 402–3

       Lee’s letters to, 123, 143, 188, 378

       Mexican War, 122, 123

       mother’s bequest to, 56

       naval career, 38–39

Lee, Thomas, 25

Lee, William Henry (“Rooney”) (son), 103, 108, 159, 160, 176, 184, 266, 321, 368, 369, 371, 373, 374, 390, 403

       Appomattox Campaign, 357

       birth of, 86

       capture by Union Army, 305, 314, 319

       Confederate Army, joining of, 195

       Custis’s bequest to, 175

       farming career, 377–78

       at Harvard, 164, 168–70, 171

       health problems, 104

       Kelly’s Ford, Battle of, 277

Lee’s letters to, 112, 117–18, 119–20, 169, 177, 178, 179, 184, 186, 380, 386

       marriages, 172, 179, 386, 387

       military career before Civil War, 171, 179

       Northwestern Virginia Campaign, 205, 207

       Peninsula Campaign, 239

       Petersburg Campaign, 338, 344

       St. Louis excursion, 92–93, 94, 96

       severed fingers incident, 104–5

       wounding of, 291

Leopard incident, 30

Letcher, John, 188–89, 194, 198, 223

       Lee’s letters to, 207

Lewis, Angela, 64

Life on the Mississippi (Twain), 99

Lincoln, Abraham, 187, 203, 224, 249, 256, 279

       assassination of, 369–70

       Chancellorsville Campaign, 285

       command changes in Union Army, 268, 293

       election as President, 185, 346

       Emancipation Proclamation, 264, 273

       peace negotiations, 347–48

Lippitt, Armistead, 142

Long, A. L., 227, 252, 282, 298, 352–53

Longinus, 41

Longstreet, James, 250, 251, 265, 288, 320

       Appomattox Campaign, 356, 357, 359, 361, 363–64

       corps command in Army of Northern Virginia, 289–90

       Fredericksburg Campaign, 271, 272

       Gettysburg Campaign, 294, 295–96, 297, 298–99, 301–2, 303, 307

       independent commands, 279–80

       Lee’s attitude toward, 247

       Lee’s letters to, 309, 322

       Manassas/Bull Run, Second Battle of, 252, 253, 255

       Maryland Campaign, 258, 259, 261, 263

       Peninsula Campaign, 220, 232–33, 235, 236, 240, 241, 242, 243

       Pennsylvania Campaign, 292, 293, 305

       Petersburg Campaign, 346, 347

       in Tennessee, 310

       Wilderness Campaign, 324, 325

       wounding of, 325

Loring, William W., 202, 203, 204–6, 210, 267

Lowe, Andrew, 408

Lowe, Enoch L., 256

Lucy Long (horse), 402

McCarty, Betsy, see Storke, Betsy McCarty

McClellan, George B., 255, 265

       command of Union Army, 203, 267–68

       Maryland Campaign, 257, 258, 259, 261, 262

       Mexican War, 127

       Northwestern Virginia Campaign, 199, 203

       Peninsula Campaign, 218, 219, 220, 222, 224–25, 228, 232, 233–34, 239–40, 242, 248, 250, 251

       training of Union Army, 214

McCormick, Cyrus, 376

McDowell, Irvin, 195–96, 220, 224

McGowan, Samuel, 325

McGuire, Hunter, 287

Mackay, Catherine, 215

Mackay, Eliza, see Stiles, Eliza Mackay Mackay, Elizabeth, 58

Mackay, Jack, 57, 58, 59

       Lee’s letters to, 68, 73, 88–89, 92, 94, 100, 110, 111, 137–38

       Lee’s relationship with, 50

McLaws, Lafayette, 258, 259, 280, 285, 290, 297–98, 320

McLean, Wilmer, 365

McNeill, J. A., 386

Macomb, Alexander, 75

Madison, James, 31, 32, 47

Madison, R. L., 406

Magruder, John B., 194, 246

       Lee’s letters to, 221

       Mexican War, 139

       Peninsula Campaign, 219–20, 231, 240, 241, 243

Mahan, Dennis Hart, 152, 158

Mahone, William, 358, 359, 386

Malvern Hill, Battle of, 241–43

Manassas/Bull Run, First Battle of, 198, 199

Manassas/Bull Run, Second Battle of, 251–55

       map of, 254

Mansfield, Joseph K. F., 63

Marcy, William L., 128

Marshall, Ann Lee, 28, 35, 38, 44, 51, 62, 92, 148, 164

       Lee’s letters to, 188, 189

       mother’s bequest to, 56

Marshall, Charles, 219, 227, 267, 285, 286, 363, 365, 367, 368

Marshall, Humphrey, 221

Marshall, John, 60

Marshall, Louis, 249

Marshall, William Lewis, 51, 92, 148

Maryland Campaign:

       advance into Maryland, 257

       Confederate maneuverings, 257–58

       conflicts among Confederate commanders, 259

       deprivation within Confederate forces, 258–59

       Lee’s report on, 265

       Lee’s strategy, 255–57

       McClellan’s knowledge of Lee’s plans, 258

       Sharpsburg/Antietam, Battle of, 260, 261–63, 268

       withdrawal to Virginia, 262

Mason, A. P., 227

Mason, Bettie and Mattie, 98–99

Mason, Catherine, 64

Mason, Charles, 52

Mason, Emily, 383

Mason, James M., 410

Maupin, S., 398

Maury, Dabney H., 385

Mayo, Joseph, 191, 223

Meade, George Gordon:

       Appomattox Campaign, 364

       Bristoe Station Campaign, 310, 311

       command of Army of the Potomac, 293

       Gettysburg Campaign, 293, 305

       Mine Run Campaign, 311–12

Meade, William, 45

Mechanicsville, Battle of, 235–37

Meigs, Montgomery C., 87, 88, 89, 92

Memoirs (Grant), 123

Memoirs of the War in the Southern Department of the United States (Lee), 32, 37, 400

Mercer, C. F., 43

Meriday, Philip, 173

Mexican bandits, 184

Mexican War, 18, 19, 111

       aftermath of U.S. victory, 136–39

       armistice of eight weeks, 116

       Buena Vista, Battle of, 120

       Catholicism and, 124

       Central Mexico Campaign, 118–19, 120–24, 125–29

map of, 119

see also Mexico City Campaign below

       Cerro Gordo, Battle of, 125–28

       Chapultepec, Battle of, 134–36

       Churubusco, Battle of, 132–33

       Contreras, Battle of, 130–33

       Lee’s achievements and lessons, 139–41

       Lee’s encounter with Mexican soldiers, 125

       Lee’s observations in letters home, 117–18, 119–20, 127–28, 136–39

       Lee’s reports on, 133

       Lee’s volunteering for, 111–12

       Mexico City Campaign, 129–36

       maps of, 130, 134

       Molino del Rey, Battle of, 133–34

       northern theatre, 113–18, 120

map of, 114

       offensive action, U.S. strategy of, 140–41

       personnel problems for U.S., 128

       recognition of Lee’s efforts, 127, 136

       reconnaissance missions, 115, 116, 128, 129

       Scott’s staff, 119

       transportation to San Antonio, 113

       Vera Cruz, Battle of, 121–24

Miles, Dixon S., 258

Mills Springs, Battle of, 214

Mine Run Campaign, 311–12

Minis, Sarah and Phillipa, 59

Minnegerode, Charles, 355, 372

Minnegerode, Lucy, 315–16

Minor, J. B., 399

Missionary Ridge, Battle of, 312

Mississippi River rapids project, 86, 88–89, 91–92, 94, 95, 96–97

Molino del Rey, Battle of, 133–34

Monroe, James, 33, 39

Montgomery, J. R., 331–32

Morehead, J. S., 89, 92

Morgan, John H., 247

Mormons, 176

Mosby, John S., 232, 250, 406–7

Moses, R. I., 385

Napoleon, 141, 158, 161

nativist politics, 109–10

Nelson, Francis, 164, 165, 168

New York Independent, 388–89

New York military installations project, 101, 102–3

New York Tribune, 178

Northrop, Lucius B., 276, 318

Northwestern Virginia Campaign, 199, 201–10

       map of, 202

Nullification Crisis, 78

Oak Grove, Battle of, 233–35

Observations on the Writings of Thomas Jefferson (Lee), 37, 79

Ohio-Michigan boundary survey, 81–83

Orton, Lawrence Williams, 276

Ould, Robert, 384–85

Panic of 1837, 95, 107

Partridge, Alden, 47

Passing of the Armies (Chamberlain), 368

Payne, Sallie, 395

Pegram, John, 348

Pelham, John, 272, 277

Pember, Phoebe, 342

Pemberton, John C, 221, 288

Pender, Dorsey, 299

Pendleton, William N., 360, 374, 393, 394, 415

Peninsula Campaign, 218, 219–21, 222–24, 248

       Gaines’s Mill, Battle of, 237–38

       Lee given command of Confederate forces, 225

       Lee’s generals, 232–33

       Lee’s report on, 243

       Lee’s strategy, 225–29, 231, 233, 243

       McClellan’s withdrawal, 239–41, 250, 251

       Malvern Hill, Battle of, 241–43

       map of, 234

       Mechanicsville, Battle of, 235–37

       Oak Grove, Battle of, 233–35

       Savage Station, Battle of, 240

       Seven Days Campaign, 233–44

       Seven Pines/Fair Oaks, Battle of, 224–25

       Stuart’s “Ride Around McClellan,” 231–32

       White Oak Swamp/Glendale, Battle of, 240–41

Pennsylvania Campaign:

       advance into Pennsylvania, 290, 291–93

       analyses of Confederate defeat, 306–7

       Brandy Station, Battle of, 291

       Lee’s strategy, 288, 289, 292

       withdrawal to Virginia, 304–6

       see also Gettysburg Campaign

Perry, Matthew Calbraith, 122

Peter, Britannia, 64

Petersburg Campaign, 335–39

       Confederate withdrawal, 349, 354

       Crater, Battle of the, 341–42, 344

       day-to-day account of siege, 343–49

       Fort Harrison, Battle of, 345

       Fort Stedman, Battle of, 349, 353

       Hatcher’s Run, Battle of, 348

       Lee’s frustration during, 350–54

       map of, 339

       Reams Station, Battle of, 345

       trench warfare, 339–40, 342, 343

Pettigrew, James J., 295

Phillips, Wendell, 389

Pickens, Francis W., 213–14

Pickett, George E., 330, 406–7

       Appomattox Campaign, 357, 360

       Gettysburg Campaign, 299, 300

       Petersburg Campaign, 349

Pierce, Franklin, 134

Pillow, Gideon, 141,214,279

       Mexican War, 126, 129, 131, 134, 135, 138

Platt, Henry S., 393–95, 398

Platt, J. M., 394–95

Pleasonton, Alfred, 291

Poe, Edgar Allan, 50

Poinsett, Joel R., 52–53

Polk, James K., 111, 114, 126, 138

Polk, Leonidas, 54

Pollard, Edward A., 209, 274

Poor, Susan, 159

Pope, Alexander, 33–34

Pope, John, 248–49, 255

       Cedar Mountain, Battle of, 250

       Manassas/Bull Run, Second Battle of, 251, 252, 253, 255

Porter, Fitz John, 237–38

Port Royal, S.C., 211

Prentiss, James H., 64

presidential election of 1800, 28

presidential election of 1860, 185

Preston, William C, 81

Pusey, Edward Bouverie, 107

Quitman, John A., 129, 131

railroads, 159,410,411

Randolph, George W., 220, 223, 236

       Lee’s letters to, 265

Randolph, John, 78

Reagan, John H., 223

Reams Station, Battle of, 345

Reconstruction, 381–83, 384–85

Reid, Samuel McD., 376

Richmond, Va.:

       as capital of Confederacy, 197

       Confederate government’s desertion of, 355

       Union plots against, 322–23

       Union threat to (1862), 223

Richmond Examiner, 191

Ripley, Roswell P., 213–14

Roanoke Island, Battle of, 214

Robertson, John, 188–89

Robinson, Cary, 315–16

Rodes, Robert E., 283, 320

Romancock (-coke) estate, 144, 164, 175, 176, 215, 223, 378, 409

Rosecrans, William S., 288, 309, 312, 390

       Chickamauga Creek, Battle of, 310

       Northwestern Virginia Campaign, 203, 207, 208, 209

Ruff, J. M., 388

Ruffin, Edmund, 182, 196–97, 213, 230

Ruffin, Nancy, 108

Rust, Albert, 205–6, 210

St. John, I. M., 357

St. Louis, Mo., 88

St. Louis harbor project, 84–85, 86–88, 89–91, 94, 95–96, 97, 98, 99–100

       map of, 90

St. Martin, Alexis, 93

Santa Anna, Antonio Lopez de, 114, 116, 118, 120, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 131, 133, 134, 136

Saunders, Betty, 341, 350, 354, 355

Savage Station, Battle of, 240

Savannah, Ga., 57–59, 63, 407–8

Sayler’s Creek, Battle of, 358–59

Scott, Henry Lee, 119

Scott, Winfield, 18, 148, 171, 178, 186, 187, 188, 192,279,416

       bribery scandal, 138

       influence on Lee, 140–41, 226, 246

       Lee’s letters to, 188

       Lee’s relationship with, 111, 158

       Mexican War, 111–12, 114, 118–19

Cerro Gordo, Battle of, 126, 127

Mexico City Campaign, 129–32, 133–36

personnel problems for U.S., 128

Vera Cruz, Battle of, 121, 122, 123, 124

       physical appearance, 110

       political ambitions, 124

       praise for Lee, 127, 136, 140

       “seminars” at dinner, 128–29

       West Point and, 157, 158

secession, 42, 185–86, 187–89, 191, 193

Seddon, James A., 276, 318, 336, 337, 344, 347

       Lee’s letters to, 308–9

Sedgwick, John, 280, 285, 286, 315

Selden, William, 408

Semmes, Raphael, 122

Senaco, Chief, 167–68

Seven Days Campaign, 233–44

       map of, 234

Seven Pines/Fair Oaks, Battle of, 224–25

Seward, William H., 348, 381

Sharpsburg/Antietam, Battle of, 261–63, 268

       map of, 260

Shaw, Ebenezer, 74

Shaw, James and Louisa, 36

Shearman, Julia Anne, 388

Shenandoah Valley Campaign, 224, 232, 335, 338, 344, 345, 346

Sheridan, Phil, 327–28, 329, 364

       Appomattox Campaign, 357

       Petersburg Campaign, 349

       Shenandoah Valley Campaign, 335, 345, 346

Sherman, William T., 50, 343, 345, 347, 348, 403

Shirley plantation, 23, 26, 211, 408–9

Shreve, Henry M., 87, 91–92, 95

Sickles, Daniel, 297

slavery:

       abolitionism, 110, 173, 182–83

       Arlington slaves, 144

       Emancipation Proclamation, 264, 273

       Lee’s attitude toward, 72, 173, 184

       Lee’s ownership of slaves, 57, 72, 108, 173, 175, 177–78, 183–84, 273–74

       revolts by slaves, 67–68

Smith, Francis, 396, 398, 400

Smith, Francis L., 410

Smith, Gustavus W., 220, 225, 233, 250, 251

       criticism of Lee, 247–48

       Lee’s letters to, 272

Smith, John Lind, 133

Smith, Persifor, 131–32

Smith, William, 320

Smith Island, 76, 175, 176, 390

Sorrel, G. Moxley, 325, 328

Southern Literary Messenger, 275

Spotsylvania Campaign, 326–29

       Bloody Angle, 329

       map of, 327

spring 1864 campaign:

       casualties, 331–32

       Cold Harbor, Battle of, 329–31, 334–35

       Lee’s strategy, 321–22

       “Lee-to-the-rear” incidents, 332–33

       Spotsylvania Campaign, 326–29

       Wilderness Campaign, 323–26

Sprole, William T., 161

Stanard, Martha, 199–200

Stanton, Edwin M„ 249, 279

Stephens, Alexander H., 193–94, 348, 390

Stewart, John, 317, 369

Stewart, Norman, 318

Stiles, Eliza Mackay, 59, 73–74, 77, 215

       Lee’s letters to, 167, 170

Storke, Betsy McCarty, 36, 40, 59

Storke, Henry, 59

Stratford plantation, 25, 27, 31, 35–36, 39, 40, 59, 215

Stuart, Caroline (“Carrie”), 405

Stuart, J. E. B., 266, 279, 319, 320–21, 328

       Brandy Station, Battle of, 291

       Bristoe Station Campaign, 311

       Catlett’s Station, Battle of, 251

       Chambersburg, Battle of, 267

       Chancellorsville Campaign, 281, 282, 283, 284

       death of, 329

       Fredericksburg Campaign, 268

       Gettysburg Campaign, 298, 302, 303

       Harpers Ferry, Brown’s raid on, 179–80, 181, 182

       Lee’s letters to, 313

       Lee’s relationship with, 179–80

       Manassas/Bull Run, Second Battle of, 253

       Maryland Campaign, 258, 261

       Peninsula Campaign, 231–32, 239

       Pennsylvania Campaign, 291, 293

       review of cavalry, 290–91

       Wilderness Campaign, 324

Stuart, Richard, 40, 97–98, 266

Sumner, Charles, 389

Tabb, Rebecca and Prosser, 409

Tacitus, 41

Talcott, Andrew, 63–64, 67, 68, 71, 81, 91, 194

       Lee’s letters to, 64, 69, 73, 74, 75, 78, 83–84, 87–88, 95, 163

Talcott, Harriet, 71,72, 96

Talcott, T. M. R., 227, 267, 347

Taylor, Elizabeth, 315

Taylor, Walter H., 192, 195, 196, 197, 199, 201, 202, 206, 207, 211, 227, 237, 257, 264, 266, 277, 295, 316, 325, 328, 341, 344, 346, 348, 350, 352, 354, 355, 363, 368, 373, 408, 413

Taylor, Zachary, 111, 113, 114, 116, 118, 120

telegraph systems, 336

Thayer, Sylvanus, 47–48, 52–53, 146, 153 Theocritus, 106

Thomas, George H., 347

Thoroughfare Gap, 252

Tilghman, Dick, 64

To Kill a Mockingbird (Lee), 105

Toombs, Robert, 239, 247

Totten, Joseph G., 95, 97, 98, 101, 111,119, 129, 133, 143, 145, 146, 152

       Lee’s letters to, 155

Tower, Zebulon B., 135

Traveller (horse), 210, 255, 328–29, 383, 402, 416

trench warfare, 158, 339–40, 342, 343

Trevilian’s Station, Battle of, 335

Trimble, Isaac R., 292, 296

Tucker, George, 43

Tucker, George W., 363, 365

Turnbull, William, 128

Turner, Edward Carter, 51

Turner, Marietta, 57, 64

Turner, Nat, 67

Turner, Thomas, 64

Twain, Mark, 99

Twiggs, David, 186

       Mexican War, 126, 127, 129, 131

       U.S. Army (pre-Civil War): garrison life, 68

       salaries for officers, 107–8

       volunteers and regulars, conflict between, 115

       see also Engineer Corps

U.S.S. Monitor, 219

Valencia, Gabriel, 131–32

Valentine, Edward V., 409

Valley Mountain, 201

Valley Railroad Company, 410, 411

Venable, Charles S., 227, 325, 328, 334, 351, 361–62, 368

Vera Cruz, Battle of, 121–24

Vicksburg Campaign, 288, 306

Virginia, secession of, 188, 191, 193

Virginia Militia, 189, 194–95, 196, 198, 199

Walker, John G., 258

Walker, Leroy Pope, 187, 197

Wallace, Harry, 416

Warner, Thomas, 53

War of 1812, 32, 35

Warren, Gouverneur K., 311

Washington, D.C., 78

Washington, George, 24, 26, 27, 28, 31, 60, 61, 79, 370

Washington, John A., 195, 201, 207

Washington, Lewis W., 182

Washington, Martha, 60, 61

Washington College, 18, 19

       buildings and grounds, 374–75, 378, 384

       controversies involving students, 386, 387–89, 390

       growth during Lee’s tenure, 376–77, 399–400

       honor system, 397–98

       Lee’s administrative style, 396–97

       Lee’s assumption of responsibilities, 375–76, 379, 380

       Lee’s election as president, 374–75

       Lee’s involvement with students, 393–96

       Lee’s leave of absence, 405–6

       Lee’s residence, 378, 402

       Lee’s salary, 374, 402

       students as boys and men, 398

Weir, Robert W., 159, 161

Weldon, George, 27

Weldon, Henry, 27

West, William E., 92–93

West Point Military Academy:

       Academic Board, 158

       allowance of cadets, 48, 54

       buildings of, 47, 153

       cadet life, 48–51

       demerit system, 49–50, 154, 155

       educational methods, 52–53

       engineering focus, 48

       entrance exam, 43, 48

       food at, 49

       furlough policy, 44

       graduates’ attitude toward, 153–54, 157

       Lee’s appointment to, 42–43

       Lee’s cadet career, 47–52, 53–54

       Lee’s service on Board of Visitors, 111

       Lee’s teaching opportunity, 102

       Lee’s tenure as Superintendent, 152, 153–61

       Lee’s views on cadets, 162

       Custis Lee and, 146, 148, 149, 150–52, 159

       mathematics focus, 54

       physical setting, 47

       social functions, 50, 157–58

       uniform of cadets, 48–49, 154

       Whistler’s experience, 154–56

Whig Party, 79

Whiskey Rebellion, 26

Whistler, Anna, 155

Whistler, George Washington, 154–55

Whistler, James McNeill, 154–56

White, Adolphus, 394

White, James J., 376, 406, 410

White, John, 407

White House estate, 76, 144, 164, 175, 176, 179, 215, 223, 230, 239, 374, 378

White Oak Swamp/Glendale, Battle of, 240–41

White Sulphur paper, 390–91

White Sulphur Springs, Va., 98

Wickham, William, 146

Wickham, William F., 165

Wigfall, Louis T., 277, 288, 306

Wilbourn, R. E., 283, 284

Wilcox, Cadmus, 145, 312, 324, 325

       Lee’s letters to, 267

Wilderness Campaign, 323–26

       map of, 323

Williams, Martha Custis (“Markie”), 409

       Lee’s letters to, 106, 149, 157, 158, 161, 163, 186, 267, 372, 381, 386, 387, 404

       Lee’s relationship with, 148–49

Williams, William Orton, 276

Williamson, Thomas H., 384

Wilmer, Joseph P. B., 375

Wilson, Woodrow, 407

Winston, William Overton, 165, 168, 177–78

Wise, Henry A., 182, 203, 204, 207–8, 209, 210,214,360

Wise, Obediah Jennings, 209

Wool, John E., 75

       Mexican War, 113–14, 115–16, 118, 120

Worth, William J., 129, 131, 133, 135, 138

Wright, Ambrose Ransom, 332

Yellow Tavern, Battle of, 329