Grammatical expression |
Meaning |
Lesson |
|---|---|---|
~ 게 되다 |
end up doing/having ~, to have come to ~, become ~ |
Lesson 3 |
겸 |
[N] and /also |
Lesson 8 |
~고자 |
in order to |
Lesson 15 |
~고서야 (~고 나서야) |
only after having done~ |
Lesson 14 |
~곤 하다 |
X often does ~ |
Lesson 7 |
~기는 하다 |
it is ~ (but) |
Lesson 2 |
~기로 하다 |
to decide to |
Lesson 6 |
~기(를) 바라다 |
wish, hope for/that~ |
Lesson 5 |
~(기) 나름이다 |
X (all) depends on ~ |
Lesson 13 |
~나 보다 |
it seems ~; I suppose~, I guess~ |
Lesson 2 |
~는 편이다 |
tend to V |
Lesson 3 |
~다(가) 보면 |
as one does ~ |
Lesson 14 |
~다고 보다 |
one thinks/feels |
Lesson 14 |
~ 다시피 |
as you see, hear, know, feel, etc. |
Lesson 4 |
~도록 ~하다 |
do ~ to do/be… |
Lesson 3 |
~만 해도 |
for example, just talking about X |
Lesson 1 |
~ 어/아 내다 |
to complete something/achieve something despite hardship |
Lesson 12 |
~어/아야만 |
only by/being ~ing’ |
Lesson 12 |
~ 어/아 보니까 |
having done ~ |
Lesson 7 |
~ 어/아 오다 |
(to continue) to have been ~ing |
Lesson 11 |
~ (었/았)다가 |
in the middle of, while, after |
Lesson 12 |
~(으)ㄴ/는 대로 |
as one sees, says, hears, feels, tastes, etc., ‘as soon as (when used with verb in present tense) |
Lesson 13 |
~은/는 ~ 는 것/(으)ㄴ 것이다 |
N is V-ing/A |
Lesson 4 |
~ (으)ㄹ까 봐 |
lest X should ~ |
Lesson 6 |
~(으)ㄹ 걸 |
~ probably is/will be |
Lesson 1 |
~ (으)ㄹ 만하다 |
X is worth ~ing, to be bearable |
Lesson 2 |
~(으)ㄹ 만큼 |
to the extent that ~ |
Lesson 10 |
~ (으)ㄹ 수밖에 없다 |
all one can do/be is …, one can only do/be |
Lesson 4 |
~(으)ㄹ 지(는) 모르다 |
do not know if/whether |
Lesson 2 |
~ (으)ㄹ지도 모르다 |
X may (be the case) … |
Lesson 1 |
~ (으)ㄹ 테니까 |
as/since X will be the case |
Lesson 5 |
~(으)ㄹ 텐데 |
would, probably, presumably, in my opinion, I think, etc. |
Lesson 1 |
~ (으)면 좋겠다 |
wish/hope that ~, it would be nice/good if ~, I would like ~ |
Lesson 5 |
~(으)ㅁ으로써 |
by V-ing |
Lesson 10 |
~이/가 아니라 |
not ~ but |
Lesson 15 |
~(이)라도 |
though not the best option, at least/instead … |
Lesson 4 |
~ (이)라잖아요/다잖아요 (라고/다고 하잖아요) |
you know, it is said that X is.., people say X is |
Lesson 6 |
~으려나 보다 |
it seems X will |
Lesson 7 |
~(이/으)ㄴ가;는가/나 |
question ending |
Lesson 10 |
~ (이/으)면 ~(이/으)ㄹ수록 |
the more ~ (the better ~) |
Lesson 10 |
~지요 (긍정문) |
surely, indeed, of course |
Lesson 15 |
A(으)ㄴ/V는 게 좋겠다 |
it would be better to; one had better be A/V |
Lesson 9 |
NP 뿐(만) 아니라; V/A(으)ㄹ 뿐(만) 아니라 |
not only NP/A or ~ V |
Lesson 8 |
NP(으)로서 |
as ~ (as a person with certain stature, certain qualification, rank, etc.) |
Lesson 13 |
NP은/는 ~ (으)ㄹ/를 말하다 (말하는 거다) |
NP refers to |
Lesson 6 |
NP(이)ㄴ지; 는지; A(으)ㄴ지 (잘) 모르다 |
not know whether X is NP/A or V-ing |
Lesson 9 |
NP(이)라고 하다 |
X is called NP |
Lesson 5 |
NP(이)라고 할 수 있다 |
X can be said that ~; can be called~; can be referred to as |
Lesson 9 |
V어/아 놓다 |
to do something and put aside, to do something in preparation’; ‘to do something in advance’ |
Lesson 8 |
V/A(으)리라(고) 믿다/생각하다/여기다/예상하다 |
one thinks, believes, trusts, etc. |
Lesson 11 |
V지도 (조차) 못하다/N도 (조차) 못하다 |
(can) not even do V/N-ing |
Lesson 11 |