INDEX

A Treatise of the Scurvy, 103

A Memory of Solferino (Un Souvenir de Solferino), 159

A-10, 27

AC-130, 27

Académie Royale de Chirurgie (Royal Academy of Surgery), 89, 97, 112

Académie Françhise, 69

Academy of the Lynxes, 68

accumulator battery, 17

acetum, 53

Acinetobacter baumannii infection, 258

acute respiratory infections, 233

adhesive bandages, 53

Adolf of Nassau, 45

advanced surgical center (ASC), 229

Aeneid, 34

aerial photography, 18

Afghan officer corps, 246

Afghanistan, 36, 165, 245, 247, 248, 253–61, 267

Age of Absolutism, 8

Agramonte, Aristide, 137

AH-64 Apache, 27

aid stations, 117, 176, 183

aileron, 17

air evacuation system, 249

airborne medical units, 229

aircraft carrier, 22, 24

airplane, 13

Alanson, Edward, 95

Alaska, 175

Albany, New York, 107, 117

Albuera, battle of, 108

alcohol, 93, 209

Aldershot, England, 201

Alexander the Great, 2

alkalinity, 87

alum, 75

ambulance, 119, 141, 145, 149, 150, 154, 155, 157, 160, 161, 162, 168, 169, 170, 174, 182, 183, 196, 211, 225, 227, 233, 254; convoys, 223; horse-drawn, 226; motorized, 226; trains, 228

America, 21

American Army, 96, 227

American colonies, 117

American Expeditionary Force, 224

American medical officers, 225

American Red Cross, 174

American Revolutionary War, 94, 117, 161

American Surgical Association, 139

Amiens, siege of, 80

amoebic dysentery, 250, 252

amputation, 1, 49, 51, 52, 53, 73, 77, 78, 83, 94, 102, 132, 137, 142, 197, 207, 216, 229, 231, 234, 234, 255; field, 77; prophylactic, 217; thigh, 78, 137; traumatic, 246; amputees, 261

An Essay on the Most Effectual Means of Preserving the Health of Seamen, 103

An Essay on Disease Incidental to Europeans in Hot Climates, 103

analgesics, 258

anatomical illustration, 68, 89

anatomical texts, 46

anatomical theater, 68

Anatomie Universelle, 46

anatomy, 68, 89, 90

anesthesia, 78, 132–35; 139, 156, 159, 161, 162, 167, 176, 224, 259

anesthesiologist, 249

anesthesiology, 132

anesthetics, 134

angle worms, 75

aniline dyes, 174

animism, 87

anorexia, 177

anthrax 136, 138

antiaircraft guns, 19

antibiotics, 228, 229

anticoagulants, 199, 218

Antietam Creek, battle of, 170

antimalarial control units, 228

antisepsis, 95, 102, 105, 149, 142, 180

antiseptics, 94, 132, 167, 109, 216

antiseptic surgery, 133, 138, 139, 180, 183, 215, 220, 228

antitank guns, 22

antitoxins, 219

Antwerp, Holland, 148

Anvers, France, 151

apothecary, 107, 108, 112, 117, 118, 149, 211; guilds, 74

Apothecary Bureau, 116

apprentice system of medical training, 172

apprenticeship programs, 70

Arabs, 44

Archangel, Russia, 117

area saturation artillery, 26

Arethusa, HMS, 135

Argus, HMS, 20

Armamentarium Chirugicum, 68

Armenia, 245

armor piercing discarding sabot, 27

armored knights, 2

armored turret, 16

Army Medical Board, 147, 148

Army Medical Department, 154

Army Medical Museum, 174, 175

Army Medical School at Netley, England, 200

Army of the Rhine, 143, 144, 145

Army of the Potomac, 166

Arras, France, 81

arresting gear, 20

arterial clips, 136

arterial injuries, 229

arterial wounds, 234

artificial limbs, 52

artificial teeth, 52

artillerie volante (flying artillery), 144

artillery, 7, 4; guided rounds, 266; lightweight guns, 7; observation, 18

asepsis, 132, 139

aseptic surgery, 220, 228

assault gun, 23

Astrakhan, Russia, 117

asylum system, 176

atomic bomb, 24

atropine syringes, 255

Austria, 89, 97, 12, 114, 115, 178

Austro-Prussian War, 180, 181

automatic weapons, 28, 235

autopsies, 178, 261

avalanches, 211

Aveling, James, 217

Avicenna, 46, 52

B-24 Liberator, 24

B-29 Superfortress, 24

Bacon, Francis, 74

bacterial smear, 217

bacteriology, 132, 133, 137–40, 210, 215, 216; mobile laboratories, 217, 223

Baghdad, 258

Bagram, Afghanistan, 248

Balaclava, battle of, 153

Balkan Wars, 234

ballistic eye wear, 259

balloon, 13, 15, 17

Baltic Fleet, 116

banking systems, 9

barber surgeons, 46, 47, 51, 52, 54, 55, 57, 60, 69, 71, 79, 82, 83, 113–16, 160, 179, 180

barracks, 90

barrage rockets, 268

Barton, Edward H., 134

Barton, Clara, 174

base hospitals, 206

battalion aid station, 235

battle mortality, 33–34

battle of annihilation, 267

battle shock, 179

battle surgeons, 49, 51, 160, 121, 234

battle stress, 214

battle tank, 20

battle wounds, 99, 152

battlefield amputation, 135

battlefield surgery, 156

battleship, 24

bayonet, 6, 34, 163, 202; barrel, 7; plug, 6; ring, 6

Beardsley, Ebenezer, 122

bed sacks, 119

behavioral disorders, 177

Behrens, Konrad, 82

Belgium, 222

bell tents, 156, 195

belladonna, 78

Belle Ile, battle of, 93

Bellows, Henry, 169

beriberi, 204, 205

Berlin, Germany, 97, 181

Besancon, siege of, 78

Bidloo, Nicolass, 116

Billings, John Shaw, 175

biological nosological psychiatry, 214

black powder, 75

Blane, Gilbert, 103, 104

bleeding, 256–58

Blenheim, battle of, 92

blinding injuries, 259

block tourniquet, 78

Bloemfontein, South Africa, 195

blood: banks, 232; cross matching, 199; gases, 260; groups, 218; plasma, 237; pressure, 217; products, 230; stored, 228

blood transfusions, 199, 216–18; 228, 230; reactions, 237; specialists, 249; technology of, 232; teams, 228

Blood Transfusion Service, 228

blood types, 218; type matching, 218

blood, waxed transfer tubes, 218

blood, whole 237, 258

blood, universal donor, 237

bloodless surgery, 136

bloodletting, 93

BM-21 rocket launcher, 26

board of medical examiners, 118

body armor, 34, 75, 76, 83, 247, 266

body snatchers, 194

Boers, 196, 197; Boer War, 13, 184, 194–201, 206, 211, 222; Second Boer War, 157

Boerhaave, Herman, 87

Bofors 40mm cannon, 23, 27

boiling oil, 50–52

Bolshevik regime, 245

bolt action rifle, 6

bomber, 20, 22

booby traps, 235

Book of Surgery, 50

Borelli, Giovanni, 67

boric acid, 216

Borodino, battle of, 142, 202

Bosnia-Herzegovina, 245

Boston, 96, 118

boxcars, 222

Boyle, Robert, 66

Boylston, Zabdiel, 96

Bradley M2, 28

Bradwell, Stephen, 68

brain, 177

brain trauma, 260, 261

Brambilla, Giovanni Alessandro, 90

brancardiers, 144

breathing canisters, 226

breech-loading artillery, 12

breech-loading rifle, 6, 181

Breslau, Germany, 115

brine, 100

Britain, 225

British Army, 12, 91, 97, 100, 102, 104, 105, 108, 148, 195, 217, 222

British Army doctors, 198, 199

British Army Medical Corps, 154, 195, 223

British Navy, 100, 102

British Royal Flying Corps, 18

Brocklesby, Richard, 105

bromine solution, 166, 167

Brown Bess, 6

Brown, William, 122

Bruges, Belgium, 151

Brunschwig, Hieronymus, 50

Brussels, Belgium 150, 151

BTR-80, 254

bubonic plague, 41, 42, 70

Buck, Gordon, 167, 174

Bulgars, 155

bullet, 1, 5, 73, 77, 78, 92, 165, 198, 203; detectors, 199; metal jacket, 197; soft-lead, 197; wounds, 94

Bunker Hill, battle of, 118

burns, 49, 50; burn injuries, 235, 255

butterfly mines, 246

by expectation, 165

Byzantine Empire, 3

Byzantium, 44

C-ration, 251

Calais, France, 81

calcium hypochlorite, 227

caliber measurement, 7

calomel, 167

Cambrai, battle of, 20

camp followers, 82, 209

camphor, 203

canister, 8, 48, 76, 163

cannon, 3, 5, 48; cannon balls, 101

capped catheter, 257

carbolic acid, 136, 138, 139, 203

Cardinal Richelieu, 80, 81

cardiorespiratory depressants, 259

Carlisle, England, 138

Carolingian Dynasty, 58

Carrel, Alexis, 217

Carrel-Dakin solution, 216, 217

Carroll, James, 137

Cartagena Harbor, Spain, 103

cast bronze cannon, 4

cast armor, 23

cast artillery, 7

casual disorder, 79

casualties, 28–32; burden of, 92; effect, 26; rates, 93, 152; evacuation of, 221

casualty clearing stations, 146, 201, 219, 228–30

catgut, 136

Cathcart, Lord, 103

catheters, 259

Catholic Church, 43

Catholic League, 82

Catholic Sisters of Mercy, 171, 174

cautery, 8, 50, 51, 52, 77, 132, 166

cavalry, 4, 8

Celsus, Aulus Cornelius, 52, 53

central military hospital, 248

chain shot, 8

Chain, Ernst B., 229

Channel Fleet, 101

Charles I of France, 79

Charles II of England, 69

Charles the Bold, 57

Charles V, 52

Charles V of Germany, 56

Charles VII of France, 56

charpie, 93

Chechnya, 253, 254

Chelsea, England, 81

chemical munitions, 268

chemical suits, 255

Chemical Warfare Service, 225, 226

chemical weapons, 255

Chevaliers de l’Étoile, 58

Chickamauga, battle of, 173

child mortality, 71

Chimborazo Hospital, 173

Chirurgie d’armée, 105

chlorine, 138, 201

chlorine gas, 19

chloroform, 133, 134, 135, 156, 157, 161, 166, 167, 175

cholera, 155, 168, 182, 204, 205, 219, 220, 250, 254

Chopart, François, 89

Christie suspension, 23

circular bit saw, 76

circulation of the blood, 66

City of Memphis, 170

Civil War, 5, 6, 8, 12, 11, 14, 18, 19, 32, 131, 136, 157, 161, 162, 166, 167, 173, 176, 178, 182, 196, 205, 208, 211, 213, 217, 225, 231, 256

Clarke, William E., 134

clearing station, 82, 111, 171, 196, 216, 223, 224, 228,

clerico-secular social order, 41, 42

clinical amphitheater, 71

clinical instruction, 68

clinical observation, 88

clinical thermometers, 216

clip-fed rifle, 6

Clowes, William, 78

coagulants, 230

coastal steamers, 170

Cober, Tobias, 72

Code de médecine militaire, 105

Colbert, Jean-Baptiste, 69

Cold War, 245, 255

College of William and Mary, 70

Colombier, Jean, 105

colored medical illustration, 89

Columbus, Christopher, 99

combat gauze, 256

combat helicopter, 27

Combat Lifesaver Program, 256

combat medics, 95, 258

combat psychiatric cases, 173

combat pulses, 28

combat support hospital (CSH), 260

combat triage, 143

Committees of Safety, 118

communicable disease, 193

compagnies d’ordonnance, 56

Company of Barbers, 48

compound fractures, 49, 217

concentration camps, 195

condottieri, 41

Confederacy, 169; army of, 163; medical officers, 169; medical service, 174, 175

confused states, 214

Congressional Medal of Honor, 173

Coningsby, Sir Thomas, 81

conning tower, 17

conoidal bullet, 12, 152

conservative treatment of wounds, 206–7, 216

Constantinople, Turkey, 3, 41, 44, 96

consumption, 100

Continental Congress, 96

contra-rotating propeller, 16

contract physicians, 210

convalescent centers, 228

conventional war, 245; weapons of, 25

convents, 58

conversion reaction, 178

Cook County Hospital, 230

coolies, 206, 209

copper plate engraving method, 68, 89

cordite, 15

corned gunpowder, 5

cornstarch, 230

corrosive sublimate, 198

cotton rags, 166

Council of Lucerne, 55

counterinsurgency warfare, 235

Cours d’opérations de chirurgie, 89

Courtois, Bernard, 138

cowpox inoculation, 96

Craig, Sir James Henry, 108

cranial surgery, 94

Crecy, battle of, 2

cremation, 209

creosote, 138, 167

Crimea, Russia, 231

Crimean Medical and Surgical Society, 156

Crimean War, 8, 12, 34, 35, 131, 135, 137, 148, 151, 152, 158, 168, 169, 173, 197, 205, 210, 211, 212, 217, 251; Crimean War, 152–61; England, 153–57; France, 157–60; Russia, 160–61

Cromwell, Oliver, 83

crown saw, 76

Crown Point, New York, 120

cruise missile, 25

Crusades, 99

crush injuries, 104

Cuba, 137

Cullen, William, 87

Culloden Moor, battle of, 7

Curtis, Glen, 17, 18

czarist armies, 160

D. A. January, 170

d’Hautpoul, Alphonse Henri, 157, 158

da Vigo, Giovanni, 50, 52

Da Nang lung, 258

Daley Hospital, 210

Danish-Prussian War, 135

Davis, Jefferson, 168, 175

Davy, Humphry, 133, 134

de Hautesierck, Richard, 97

de le Boë, Franz, 66

De humani corporis fabrica, 52

debridement, 53, 94, 142, 166, 176, 198, 219, 230, 233

deck catapult, 20

Denmark, 112

dentistry, 175

depth charge, 20

Desault, Pierre-Joseph, 89, 94, 142

Descartes, René, 67

destroy and search missions, 246

Dettingen campaign, 98

diarrhea, 255; diarrheal diseases, 237

Digby, Kenelm, 74

digestion, 67

Dionis, Pierre, 89

diphtheria, 42, 70, 227, 250; antitoxin serum, 204

Directions for Preserving the Health of the Soldier, 122

disabled veterans, 58

disease, 58, 59, 91, 95, 96, 119, 121, 127, 132, 133, 141, 148, 152, 153, 155, 159, 167, 185, 195, 210, 211, 225, 233, 253, 266; prevention, 208; disease-specific agents, 138

dispersion, 33, 266, 267

dissection, 68, 71, 88

dive-bomber, 23

division medical battalion, 248

division clearing stations, 233

division d’ambulance, 146

Dix, Dorothea, 174

doctrine of necessary suppuration, 74

dog fat, 75

dog tags, 237

Domitz, siege of, 82

double hulls, 17

Doyle, Sir Arthur Conan, 194

DRASH packs, 259

Dreadnought, HMS, 16

Dresden, 115

dressing stations, 115, 205, 222, 223, 228, 230, 247

droit d’oblat system, 80

dry rations, 251

Dublin Philosophical Society, 69

Dubois, E. F., 34

Duke of Marlborough, 79

Dunant, Henri, 159

Dunkirk, France, 81

duplicarius, 99

dura, 76

dvukolks, 211

dysentery, 59, 70, 122, 168, 195, 204, 205, 211, 219, 220, 227, 250

E. Coli, 251

earwigs, 75

East Tennessee, 169

École Pratique de Chirurgie, 89

École d’Application de la Médicine Militaire, 158

Economical and Medical Observations on Military Hospitals and Camp Diseases, 105

Economical Observations on Military Hospitals and the Prevention of Disease Incident to an Army, 122

Edward IV of England, 57

Egypt, 142, 146; Egyptians, 76; Egyptian campaign, 178

eighteenth century, 87–90; American colonies, 117–23; England, 104–9; France, 109–13; naval medicine, 99–104; Prussia, 113–15; Russia, 115–17; trends in military medicine, 90–99

85mm gun, 23

88mm gun, 22, 23

El Alamein, battle of, 230

El Salvador, 245

electric motors, 24

electronic fire control system, 23

Ely, Eugene, 17

emersion foot, 219

emotional turbulence, 178

empirical observation, 66

empirical logic, 88

England, 21, 79, 100, 117, 139, 160, 179, 180; army, 119; Civil Wars, 70, 78, 83; Revolution, 71

Enlightenment, 110

enteric fever, 219

epidemics, 42, 66, 102, 120, 182

epidemiological works, 72

epilepsy, 179

ergotism, 42

ersatz kompanie, 232

erysipelas antitoxin, 204

Esmarch elastic bandage, 136, 183

ether, 135, 161, 162, 166, 167

etiology of disease, 184

eugenics theories, 225

Europe, 3, 4, 14, 19, 20, 42–46, 56, 69, 70, 75, 77, 82, 113, 121, 131, 147, 161, 180, 185, 194, 245, 255

Eusol solution, 216

evacuation hospital, 224, 226, 227, 236

evacuation of psychiatric cases, 213

evacuation syndrome, 213

executioners, 72

exhausted hearts, 178

exploding artillery shot, 216

Eylau, battle of, 142, 146

Ezerski, General, 211

Fabry, Wilhelm “Fabricius,” 72

facial disfigurement, 262

facial injuries, 174

facial reconstruction, 174

facial wounds, 218

factory system, 11, 13

fahnlein, 56

Fallujah, Iraq, 255; second battle of, 258

Faraday, Michael, 134

fascist state, 20

feigned insanity, 178

feldlazarett, 231

feldscher, 55, 160, 180, 210, 213

femoral artery, 153, 35

femoral fractures, 217, 229

fentanyl, 258

fermentation, 137

Ferrara, Italy, 57

feudal armies, 5, 6, 54, 60

feudal social order, 1, 4, 8, 41

fibrin, 218, 230

field ambulances, 223, 228

field artillery, 4, 8, 90

field evacuation system, 210

field hospital, 70, 83, 110, 112, 171, 176, 195, 196, 201, 205, 206, 208, 218, 224, 226, 227, 228, 236, 248

field hygiene, 58, 78–79, 119, 208, 221, 199, 228, 251

field latrines, 251

field medical chest, 72, 75

field sanitation, 252, 253

field surgeons, 83

field telephone, 15

field transfusion units, 218, 230

Fifth Motorized Rifle Division, 250

Fifty Strange and Wonderful Cures for Gunshot Wounds, 72

filth pharmacopoeia, 74

Finland, 21

firearms, 3, 6, 73, 83, 90, 92

fire direction center, 26

firelock musket, 4, 5, 7

first aid kit, 219

First Battle of Bull Run, 169

fixed ammunition, 15

flak jackets, 247

Flanders, Belgium, 108, 178, 198, 201

flash burns, 50

flash pan, 5, 50

Flemming, Alexander, 229

flint, 5

flintlock 5

flogging, 100, 102

Florence, Italy, 57

Florey, Howard W., 229

flush toilets, 251

flying ambulance, 51, 143–47

flying hospital, 106, 120

flying machine, 17

Fontenoy, battle of, 97

Forrestal, USS, 25

Fort Irwin, California, 26, 269

Fort Henry, Tennessee, battle of, 170

Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, 168

forward aid station, 229

forward: surgery, 219; surgical stations, 216; surgical teams (FST), 228, 259

forward treatment of psychiatric casualties, 214, 227

France, 21, 44, 52, 68, 79, 80, 89, 91, 92, 100, 109, 110, 227, 139, 141, 157, 159, 160, 179, 182, 202, 224, 227

Francis, Duke of Guise, 59, 60

Franco-Prussian War, 6, 97, 131, 138, 139, 161, 179, 181, 182, 184, 195, 197, 213, 217, 219, 231

Frederick the Great of Prussia, 7, 8, 92, 115, 181

Frederick Wilhelm I of Prussia, 92, 114

Frederick Wilhelm Institute, 115, 181

Fredericksburg, battle of, 170, 173

French Academy of Sciences, 69

French Army, 91, 144, 153, 154, 158, 221, 222

French and Indian War, 117

French Journal of Medicine, 69

French military medical service, 112

French Navy, 102

French Republic, 112

French Revolution, 111, 112, 113, 129, 131, 140, 181

Freudian psychology, 261

frontline hospitals, 216

frostbite, 219

frettage, 15

Fuller, Samuel, 70

fumigating ovens, 209

Furious, HMS, 20

Galen, 44, 46, 52, 67, 71

Gandhi, Mohandas, 194

gangrene, 166, 234; gas gangrene, 136, 216, 217

gas: casualties, 226; masks, 225, 226; warfare, 226

Gates, Gen. Horatio, 96

Gatling gun, 12, 13

GAU-8, 27

Gehema, Janus Abraham, 73

general hospital, 106, 108, 110, 111, 114, 146, 147, 150, 151, 155, 156, 162, 166, 170, 173, 176, 196, 228, 229

General Hospital for the Insane, 179

Geneva Convention, 159, 175

Genoa, Italy, 99; Genoese Navy, 57

George I of England, 91

George Washington, USS, 25

Georgia, 245, 253

Gerlich gun, 22

germ theory of infection, 153, 138, 204

German Army, 139, 181, 215, 219

German General Staff, 220

German medical service, 231–33

German officer corps, 232

Germany, 14, 21, 42, 106, 131, 132, 134, 136, 139, 159, 178, 179, 180, 196, 202, 203, 220, 225

Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, 202

Ghent, Belgium, 106, 151

Glogau, Germany, 115

Goercke, Johann, 181

goniometer, 15

Gorgas, William, 137

Gospitali, 116, 117

Goto, Masanao, 204

Government Hospital for the Insane, 177

graduate wonders, 232

Grant, Gen. Ulysses S., 169

grapeshot, 8, 48

Graunt, John, 68

Graveyard of the German Army, 70

Gray Ghost of the Confederacy, 12

Great Northern War, 116

great Richmond fire, 174

Great Plague of London, 70

Greece, 44, 45, 46, 268; Greek physicians, 69

Grenada, 245

grenade, 76, 197, 202, 206

ground attack fighter, 23

guided torpedo, 16

Guild of Barbers in England, 48

Guild of Surgeons, 48

Guillemeau, Jacques, 78

Gulf War, 254, 255, 257, 267

gunpowder, 1, 4, 48, 50, 51, 53; revolution of, 3; weapons, 33, 51, 266

gunshot wounds, 49–53; 74, 77, 105, 198

Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden, 6, 5, 73, 81, 82

Gutenberg Bible, 45

Guthrie, George James, 135, 147–48, 151

Guthrie, Samuel, 134

gyrocompass, 17

gyroscope, 17

Hickman, Henry Hill, 134

Hadrian, 99

Haig, Gen.eral Douglas, 224

halberdsmen, 2

Hales, Stephen, 100

Halifax, Lord, 100

Hall, John, 156

Halsted, William Steward, 136

Hammond, Surgeon General William, 167, 169, 171, 175

hand grenade, 7

hand-washing basins, 209

Harbin, Manchuria, 214

hard biscuits, 101

Hardy, Capt. Thomas, 102

Hardy, J. D., 34

harnessmaker’s silk, 136, 166

Harvard College, 70, 172

Harvey, William, 52, 66

hauffen, 56

hauptverbandplatz, 231

head wounds, 92

health certificates, 99

heart disease, 250

heart surgeon, 249

heart ventricles, 66

heat exhaustion, 209

heat stroke, 212, 250, 255

heimweh, 178

helicopter, 234, 235, 236, 237, 258, 267

Hellfire antitank missile, 27

helmet, 75, 76, 83

hemogram, 259

hemorrhage, 258

hemostatis, 135, 151, 166; hemostatic agents, 258; QuickClot, 258; HemCon, 258; Combat Gauze, 258; forceps, 216

Henry IV of France, 80

Henry VII of England, 56

hepatitis A, 250

high-mobility battlefield, 266

high-velocity rifles, 198, 247

Hind Mi-24, 27

Hippocrates, 49

Hiroshima, Japan, 24

histology, 66

Hobbes, Thomas, 87

Hodgen, John, 167

Hodges, Nathaniel, 70

Hodgen splint, 167

Holland, 45, 68, 97, 117

Holland, USS, 17

Home Hospital Reserve, 201

Holmes, Oliver Wendell Sr, 133

Homer, 99

Honeywell guns, 27

horde tactics, 140

horizontal rudder, 16

Horrocks, Col. William, 202

horse artillery, 4, 7

horse cavalry, 8

horse-drawn artillery, 38

horsehair, 136, 166

hospital cars, 170

Hospital Conveyance Corps, 155

hospital fever, 96

hospital trains, 225

hospital ships, 60, 99, 103, 170, 195, 206, 228, 236

hospital wagons, 143

hospitals: field, 77, 78, 80; military, 79–83; mobile, 80

hot knife, 102

Hôtel National des Invalides, 80

howitzers, 8

Hughes 30mm chain gun, 27

human fat, 75

humane weapons, 198

Humvees, 259

Hundred Years’ War, 2, 3

Hungarian Disease, 70

Hunter, John, 88, 89, 93, 105, 142

Hustin, Albert, 218

hydraulic recoil cylinders, 15

hydrophone, 20

hydroelectric gun stabilizing system, 23

hygiene, 185; regulations, 110, 212

hyoscyamus, 78

hypnotic suggestions, 133, 136, 167, 216

hysterial blindness, 214

hysterical excitement, 214

hysterical paralysis, 178, 179

hysterical reactions, 226

Iatrochemical School, 68

Iatromathematical School, 68

icons, 212

Iliad, 33, 34, 37, 99

immunization, 193, 200

Imperial Courts-Martial, 56

Imperial Guard, 146, 147, 158

Imperial Japanese Army, 204

Imperial Russian Army, 210

impressment, 101, 147

Indian houses, 162

Industrial Revolution, 11, 13, 14, 131, 162

infantry, 28

infection, 1, 49, 50, 51, 77, 84, 94, 95, 107, 141, 153, 159, 166, 183, 198, 228

infectious disease, 204, 205, 250, 251, 254; infectious disease hospital, 248, 253

infectious hepatitis, 250, 251

infectious ophthalmia, 142

infirmiers, 146

influenza, 42, 105, 211, 227; influenza epidemic of 1918, 219, 227

infrared sensing system, 27

inhalation injuries, 235

Inkermann, battle of, 152

inoculation, 97, 122, 152, 159

insane of war, 118

insanity, 178, 179

intranasal ketamine, 259

Instrumentarium Chirurgicum militare Austriacum, 90

insurgency warfare, 245, 254

interchangeability of parts, 14

internal combustion engine, 8, 17

International Congress of Military Medicine, 159

interrupter gear, 20

intestinal disease, 200

intravenous injection, 67, 68; intravenous (IV) line, 256; intravenous saline infusions, 216; saline replacements, 217

Introduction to General Military Surgery, 161

invention of printing, 44

Investigations into the Etiology of Traumatic Infective Diseases, 138

iodine, 138

ipecac, 167

Iran, 246

Iraq, 36, 165, 245, 255–59, 260, 262, 267, 268; military medical service, 268

Iraqi-U.S. conflict, 268

iron plating, 16

iron ramrod, 7

iron ships, 13, 16, 104

Israeli-Arab War, 268

Israeli Defense Force, 34

Israeli-PLO War, 34

Istanbul, Turkey, 153

Italy, 20, 21, 44, 45, 57, 100, 131, 158

IV bottle, 257

Ivan III of Russia, 69

Jackson, Gen. Thomas J. “Stonewall,” 175

jail fever, 96, 120

James I of England, 75

Jameson, Horatio, 136

Japan, 21, 201, 202, 204, 207, 215; Japanese army, 203, 205, 207, 208, 209, 215; navy, 206

Japanese Imperial University, 203

Japanese Red Cross, 205

Jenner, Edward, 96

Jesuits, 80

jet-powered aircraft, 24

Jones, Sir Robert, 217

Jones, John, 121

Josephinum, 115

Journal de médecine militaire, 110

Kabul, Afghanistan, 246, 248

Kaga, 22

Kandahar, Afghanistan, 248

Kangaroo, HMS, 155

kaolin, 258

Katherine the Great, 69

Katyusha, 23

Keen, William W., 166

Kentucky rifle, 6

Kevlar flak jacket, 257

Kilmainham, 81

Kimpton-Brown waxed tubes, 218

King’s College, 121

Kircher, Athanasius, 66

Klebs, Edwin, 138, 139

Koch, Robert, 138, 139, 204

Kunduz, 248

Korea, 34, 165, 238, 255, 267

Korean War, 233, 258

kriegslazarett, 231

Krupp “Big Bertha” howitzer, 15

Kure, Japan, 206

La Rochelle, siege of, 80

Laennec, René, 136

Lancet, The, 139

landing zone, 236

Landsknechte, 56, 57, 82

Landsteiner, Karl, 218

Larrey, Dominique-Jean, 51, 74, 135, 142–46, 151, 154, 169

Lasaer, Jesse, 137

latrines, 209

laudable pus, 49–50

laudanum, 167

laughing gas, 133

Laupen, Battle of, 2, 3, 54

Lavoisier, Antoine Laurent, 161

Lawson, Surgeon General Thomas, 168, 169

le Prestre, Sébastien, Marquis de Vauban, 81

lead poisoning, 42

lead shot, 49

leather sutures, 77

Leclerc, Gen. Charles-Victor-Emmanuel, 148

LeClerc, Daniel, 68

Lee, Gen. Robert E., 175

Lee-Enfield rifle, 13

Lenin, Vladimir, 245

leprosy, 71

lethality, 32–35

Letterman, Jonathan, 169, 182, 208; ambulance service, 169–71

letters of credit, 9

lever action rifle, 6

Lexington, USS, 22

Leyden, Germany, 117

Liao-tung Peninsula, Manchuria, 209

Liaoyang, battle of, 202

Library of the Surgeon General’s Office of the Army, 175–76

Libya, 18

lice, 212

ligation, 234

ligature, 53, 77, 78, 83, 132, 135, 136, 166

Lille, Belgium, 110

limb immobilization, 229

limb transplantation, 262

lime juice, 101

Lind, James, 101, 103, 104

linear tactics, 6, 32, 266

linear combat formations, 10

Lister, Joseph, 95, 136–39, 167, 176, 180, 182, 204; methods of, 220

Liston, Sir Robert, 133, 134, 135

litter bearers, 110, 144, 147, 150, 154, 159, 169, 181, 201, 220, 206, 222, 224, 231

litter-jeep, 233

Little, Nathan, 167

local paralysis, 214

locomotive torpedo, 16

Londinius, N., 99

London, England, 134

Long, Crawford, 134

Long Island, battle of, 119

Longmore, Sir Thomas, 135

longbows, 2

Lorenz rifle, 182

Louis IX of France, 58

Louis XIV of France, 77, 109

Louis XIII of France, 80

Louis XVI of France, 143

Lovell, Joseph, 162

Low-profile hull, 22

Lyster bag, 227

M-110 gun, 26

M-163 Vulcan cannon, 26

M-2 90mm gun, 23

M-77 explosive rounds, 26

Macedonian phalanx, 2

Machaon, 99

machine gun, 12, 14, 18, 224, 247; machine gun war, 13, 19

MacLeod, George H. B., 34, 135

magazine-fed infantry rifle, 6

Magi, Bartolommeo, 53

Mainz, Germany, 45

Maison Royale de la Charité Chrétienne, 58, 80

Maizuru, Japan, 206

mal du pays, 178

malaria, 95, 103, 204, 219, 227, 237, 250, 252, 253; malaria fever, 137

Male Accident Ward at London Hospital, 137, 138

Malpighi, Marcello, 66

Maltese carts, 196

manured soil, 219

marching column, 29

Mark IV tank, 20

Marshall, Henry, 151

mass casualties, 176

mass production, 11–14

Massachusetts Bay Colony, 117, 118

matchlock, 5

Mathijsen, Antonius, 161

Maurice of Nassau, 72

Mauser rifle, 13

maxillo-facial injuries, 218

Maxim, Hiram, 13

Maximilian I, Duke of Bavaria, 56, 82

Maximilien, Duke of Sully, 80

Mayflower, 70

McClellan, Gen. George B., 168, 175

McGrigor, James, 148, 149, 151, 153

measles, 42

medevac helicopters, 236, 259; crews, 237

Medical and Surgical History of the War of the Rebellion, 176

medical: barges, 225; cards, 183; chests, 83, 118; dictionary, 68; discharge, 105; education, 90; humanists, 45; journals, 91; laboratories, 182; microscopy, 66; periodical literature, 69; publishing, 46, 89; record system, 176; regulating officer (MRO), 236; service corps, 194; treatment detachments, 254; wagons, 144

Medical Staff Corps, 157

Medicina Nautica: An Essay on the Diseases of Seamen, 103

Medicina Curiosa, 69

Medical Observations in Hungarian Camps, 72

Memoires de Chirurgie Militaire et Campagnes, 142

meningitis, 250

mental asylums, 177

mental collapse, 176, 213

mercurial fumigation, 71

mercurous chloride, 167

mercury, 75

Messerschmitt Me-262, 24

Messines, battle of, 217

Method of Treating Gunshot Wounds, 52

Metz, France, 110

Metz, battle of, 145

Metz, siege of, 59, 60

Meuse-Argonne offensive, 227

Mexican War, 148

Mexican War of 1846–1848, 32, 131, 134, 148, 153, 161, 162

Mi-24 Hind helicopter, 246

Mi-8MB (Bisector) helicopter, 249

micro-bleeding, 261

microphotography, 174, 176

microbes, 137

microscope, 66, 137–40, 174

Middle Ages, 1, 29, 33, 41, 44, 51, 53, 54, 65, 71, 78, 80, 88, 99, 123, 153; armies of, 1–3

migratory genocide, 246

military hospitals, 56, 83, 95, 114, 117, 141

military hygiene, 48, 105, 110, 204, 207

military medical officers, 132

military medical schools, 90, 123, 141

military pharmacy, 48

military psychiatry, 213, 227, 261; invention of, 76–79

military physician, 147, 129, 266

military sanitation, 59, 185

military surgeon, 34, 78, 77, 92, 93, 116, 117, 118, 147

mines, 16

Minié, Capt. Claude-Etienne, 152

Ministry of War, 112

Mirror of Anatomy, 46

Mississippi River, 170

Mitchell, Silas Weir, 167

mobile army surgical hospital (MASH), 233, 234, 235

mobile artillery, 10, 92

mobile field hospitals, 95, 109

mobile laboratories, 228

mobile siege gun, 3

mobile surgical teams, 228

mobile surgical field hospitals, 171

modern warfare: beginnings, 8–18; casualties and lethality, 28–38; emergence of, 1–3; gunpowder revolution, 3–8; twentieth century war, 18–24; twenty-first century, 24–28

Mogadishu, battle of, 255–58

Moldova, 245, 253

monasteries, 43, 58; monastic orders, 59

monocoque construction, 18

monoplane, 22

Monro, Alexander, I, 89, 94, 95

Mons, 222

Montague, Lady Mary Wortley, 96

Montpelier, France, 112

Moore, Surgeon General Samuel, 173, 175

morbid anatomy, 89

Moreau, Gen. Jean-Victor, 144

Morel, Etienne, 78

Morgan, John, 122

morphine sulfate, 167, 258

Morton, William T. G., 134

Mosby, John Singleton, 12

Moscow, Russia, 178

mosquito netting, 209

mounted knights, 2

Mower General Hospital, 173

mujahideen, 247, 253

Mukden, Manchuria, 207; battle of, 210; siege of, 202

mules, 224

mummy dust, 75

musket, 3, 5, 6, 7, 12, 48, 73, 75; musket ball, 49, 73, 75, 76; musketeer, 4–7

Muslims, 71, 247; armies of, 44

Mussolini, Benito, 20, 21

mustard gas, 19

muzzle-brake, 23

muzzle-loading cannon, 181

Nagasaki, Japan, 24

Naples, Italy, 57

Napoleon, 15, 13, 14, 19, 25, 112, 141, 145, 146, 152, 178; armies of, 11, 74

Napoleon III, 158

Napoleonic Wars, 29, 32, 51, 110, 140, 131, 132 181; Aboukir, battle of, 146; Austerlitz, battle of, 146; Austrian campaign, 146; Egyptian campaign, 141; Peninsular campaign, 147; Russian campaign; Spanish campaign, 244

nasopharyngeal airway, 256

nation in arms, 11, 19

nation states, 4, 9, 41, 83, 90, 122

national armies, 41, 60

National Assembly, 112

National Convention, 112

National Sanitation Bureau, 204

naval medicine, 99–104; naval physicians, 99, 101; naval surgeons, 97, 99, 104, 135

Nazification, 232

Nebelwerfer, 23

necessary suppuration of wounds, 50, 51, 143

necrotic damage, 257; tissues, 142

needle thoracostomy, 256

Nelson, Lord Horatio, 102; Nelson’s blood, 102

nervous diseases, 177

neurasthenia, 214

neurological profession, 177

neurologists, 177, 213, 261

neurology, 177, 179

neurosurgeon, 249

New Model Army, 83

Newton, Sir Isaac, 65, 66; Newtonian induction method, 87, 88

Nieuport fighter, 18

Nightingale, Florence, 153, 155

nineteenth century, medicine 129–33;

Amputation, 135–37; Anesthesia, 133–35; bacteriology and microscope, 137–40; British medicine, 147–50; flying ambulances, 143–47; military psychiatry, 176–79

nineteenth century, wars: American Civil War, 162–76; Crimean War, 152–53; England, 153–57; France, 157–60; Franco-Prussian War, 179–85; Mexican War, 161–62; Napoleonic wars, 140–43; Russia, 160–61; Waterloo, battle of, 150–52

nitrous oxide, 133, 134

non-penetrating head wound, 76

noninfectious disease, 205

Normandy Invasion, 230

Northern Ireland, 34; Troubles in, 35

nostalgia, 177, 178

nuclear: artillery shells, 24; reactors, 25; torpedoes, 24; weapons, tactical, 24, 25

nuclear-powered guided-missile frigate, 25

nurses, 172, 118, 153, 170, 173, 176, 205, 206, 211, 233, 225, 247, 259; African American, 171; anesthetists, 249, 259; matron, 118; naval nurses, 171; surgical nurses, 249

O’Halloran, Sylvester, 94

Observations on the Diseases of the Army, 105

Observations on the Diseases of Seamen, 103

Odyssey, 99

Ohio River, 170

oil of roses, 53

oil of vipers, 75

122mm gun, 23

operating gowns, 139

operating rooms, 180

ophthalmia, 141

opiates, 253

opium, 75, 78, 102, 133, 167; pills, 167

Ordnance Department, 154

orthopedics, 173, 217; orthopedic surgeon, 259

Ostend, Belgium, 151

Ottoman Turks, 41, 44; armies of, 3; empire of, 96

ox trek wagons, 196

Oxford Philosophical Society of England, 69

oxygen concentrator, 260

P-59 Aircomet, 24

Pacific theater (WW II), 238

pack howitzer, 19

paddlewheels, 16

painted face masks, 218

Pakistan, 246, 247

palm juice, 75

Panama, 245

panoramic sights, 15

Panzerfaust, 22

paper cartridge, 5, 73

Paracelsus, Philippus Aureolus, 50, 52

paratyphoid, 227

paratyphus, 250

Paré, Ambroise, 46, 47, 50–53, 77

paregoric, 167

Paris, France, 112, 134, 147; Paris Revolt of 1848, 135

Paris Medical Faculty, 48

Pashtun, 247

Passchendaele, battle of, 217

Pasteur, Louis, 137, 138, 176, 204

Pasteur Institute, 228

pathology, 89

pavilion-style hospital, 173, 176, 206

Pavlovna, Elena, 153

pediculosis, 72

penetrating head wounds, 94

penicillin, 230, 232, 233

Peninsula campaign, 147, 169

Peninsular War, 149, 150, 152, 154, 211

pension system, 176

People’s Democratic Party of Afghanistan, 246

Pépinière, 115, 181

percussion cap, 5

Percy, Baron Pierre-François, 135, 141–43; Percy’s Wurst, 144

periscope, 17

permanent military hospitals, 61

Perpignan, France, 81

Perry, Adm. Matthew, 201

Peter the Great, 69, 115, 116

Petersburg Admiralty Hospital, 117

Petit, Jean-Louis, 53, 78

pharmacist, 247

Pharmacopoeia for Use of Army Hospitals, 122

Philippine Insurrection, 32

physician’s assistant, 247

Physick, Philip, 136

physiological chemistry, 66, 67

pickling solution, 100

PIE (proximity, immediacy, and expectancy), 215

pike, 3, 10; pikemen, 4, 6

Pirogov, Nikolai Ivanovich, 153, 160, 161

pistol, 48

plague, 24, 219, 250

Plague Commission, 200

Plain, Concise Practical Remarks on the Treatment of Wounds and Fractures, 121

plasma, 230, 258

plaster of Paris, 161, 167

plastic surgery, 174, 218

platelets, 258

Plymouth colony, 122

pneumonia, 96, 227, 250

pocket compendiums of anatomy, 46

Pope, Elijah, 134

Pope Julius II, 50

Port Arthur, 211, 212; siege of, 202, 203

portable firearms, 4

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), 261

postmortem investigation, 89

Postnikoff, Peter V., 69

postoperative infection, 138

potable water, 115, 212

potassium permanganate, 167

Pott, Percival, 94

Pouteau, Claude, 94

powdered mummy’s flesh, 74

powdered sandalwood, 75

Prague, Czeck Repblic, 70

Pravaz, Charles, 136

precision-guided munitions, 266, 267

pressure dressing, 166

pressure sponges, 93

preventive medicine teams, 251

Priestley, Joseph, 133

primary amputation, 135, 142, 151, 176

Principia Mathematica, 65

principle of expectancy, 215

principle of forward treatment, 213

principle of immediacy, 215

principle of proximity, 213, 215

Principles of General Military Field Surgery, 161

Pringle, John, 94, 95, 105

printing press, 45

professional armies, 10

professional medical journals, 69

Progress in Medicine, 69

prosthesis, 77, 102, 135

prosthetic limbs, 217, 261

Protectorate, 81

Protestant Reformation, 43

Prussia, 79, 82, 89, 91, 95, 97, 112, 113, 150

Prussian Army, 83, 113, 182; medical service, 113; military medicine, 115

Prussian Dreyse needlegun, 13

psychiatric: casualties, 177, 212, 215, 225; debilitation, 179; examinations, 225; hospital, 214; screening, 178, 179

Psychiatric Institute, 260

psychiatrists, 213

psychologists, 213

psychosis, 178

public sanitation, 133

Puli-Khumri, Afghanistan, 248

pumpkins, 101

Purmann, Matthaeus, 72

pus, 74, 77

putrefaction, 137

putrid fever, 96

Pyhrric victory, 269

quarantine, 101, 103, 204

Queen Victoria, 135

Queen Elizabeth I, 59

quinine, 103, 136, 167, 175

quinquereme, 99

radar, 24; detectors, 23; transceiver, 23

radio communication, 18

rag and bottle method, 134

Raglan, Lord, 154

railways, 13, 174, 170; corps, 183; officers, 14

rain worm oil, 75

Ramillies, France, 92

Ramon, Gaston, 228

rations, 92

Ravaton, Hughes, 78, 95, 105

rear hospitals, 107, 183

recoil mechanisms, 12

Recommendations of Inoculation According to Baron Dimsdale’s Methods, 122

reconstructive surgery, 218

red cells, 258, 260

Red Army, 21

Red Cross, 159, 171, 175, 201, 205

Red Rover, USS, 171

Reed, Walter, 137

regimental aid stations, 159

regimental collecting stations, 233

regimental hospital, 108, 111, 151, 162, 171

regimental surgeons, 107, 108, 111, 113, 116, 118, 205

regular medical examinations, 91

regulation uniforms, 100

Regulations for the Order and Discipline of Troops of the U.S., 122

remittent typhoid fever, 95, 220

Renaissance, 41, 42, 45, 68, 71, 73, 74, 82, 83, 90; armies of, 54–58; medical challenges, 41–46, 48–53; reappearance of military surgeon, 46–48; medicine in renaissance armies, 53–61

renal insufficiency, 235

Renault FT tank, 20

respiration, 67

respiratory illness, 95

Restoration, 71, 157

retractors, 216

Reval, Estonia, 117

Revolution of 1848, 157

Revolutionary War, 36, 121, 122

revolving turret, 20, 22

Reyer, K. K., 142

rheumatism, 100, 250

rheumatologist, 249

rhubarb, 75

Richmond, Virginia, 173

rifled breech loading artillery, 12, 15

rifled cannon, 6, 8

rifleman, 4, 5

rifling, 6, 12

Rio Grande River, 175

Robespierre, Maximilien, 140

rocket artillery, 23

Roentgen, Konrad, 199

Romans, 76

Romanov Dynasty, 69

Roman Army, 58

Roman ballista, 8

Roman Empire, 2, 132

Roman medicine, 44; medical texts, 44; medical service, 51

Roman notion of preventive medicine, 59

Roman Navy, 99

Rome, Italy, 3, 44, 69, 268

Kronstadt naval base, Russia, 117

Röntgen, Wilhelm, 136

Roussel, J. 217; “transfuseur” apparatus, 217

Royal Army Medical Corps, 157

Royal College of Surgeons of London, 134

Royal Society of London, 69

Royal Styptic, 77

RPG, 247

rubber bulb syringe, 217

rubber gloves, 139, 209

rubberized taffeta, 143

Rush, Benjamin, 122

Russell, Maj. Frederick F., 200

Russia, 20, 42, 69, 89, 115, 117, 132, 180, 202, 215, 222; army of, 152, 153, 160, 212, 213, 214, 220; imperial army, 202, 203; military medicine, 69

Russian Fourteenth Army, 253

Russian Ministry of Defense, 254

Russian Red Cross, 213

Russo-Japanese War, 15, 117, 177, 194, 201–10, 213–16, 251

Russo-Turkish War, 15, 142

saber, 4

sabot round, 22

Salmon, Thomas, 227

salmonella, 251

salted meat, 101

Sanctorius, Santorio, 67

sand filtration, 201

sanitary disease hospitals, 195

sanitary detachments, 206, 223

sanitary regulations, 154, 199

sanitary sections, 228

sanitäts kompanie, 231

Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, 148

Sarajevo, Bosnia, 19, 185

Sardinian contingent, 152

sarissae, 2

Sasebo, Japan, 206

sassafras, 75

satellite communications, 28

Saxony, 97

scabies, 96

scavenger teams, 224

Schmidt, Joseph, 46

scholastic approach to medicine, 44, 51; scholasticism, 67, 88

schwerpunkt, 267

science of vital statistics, 68

scientific society, 68

scorpion oil, 75

Scotland, 117

Scott, Gen. Winfield, 134

Scottish Highlanders, 178

Scotus, Caspar, 67

screw propeller, 16

screw tourniquet, 53, 78, 93

Scultetus, Johannes, 68

scurvy, 59, 101, 103, 168, 203, 212, 220

Scutari, Turkey, 155; hospital, 153

sea sponges, 166

seaplane, 18

secondary closure of wounds, 219

secondary hemorrhage, 136

secondary infection, 166

secondary intention, 53, 198, 216

Secret Academy, 68

Sedan, battle of, 202

self-inflicted wounds, 178, 212

self-propelled artillery gun, 23

Seminole War, 136

Sendai, Nagano, 204

Seneffe, battle of, 81

sepsis, 198

Service de Santé, 142

Sevastopol, battle of, 160

Seven Years War, 93, 96, 105, 106, 114

seventeenth century, 65–71; amputations, 77–78; field hygiene, 78–79; military hospitals, 79–83; trends in military medicine, 71–73; wound treatment, 73–77

75mm gun, 15

Several Chirugicall Treatises, 72

Sha-Ho, 211

shanghaied, 101

shell fragments, 77, 92

shell shock, 214, 226, 261

Sherman tank, 23

Shibasaburö, Baron Kitasato, 204

shigellosis, 250, 251

Shiloh, battle of, 170

Shindand, 248

ship cockpit, 101

ship convoy, 20

shipboard surgery, 101

shock, 52, 213, 214, 217, 229, 230, 235, 237, 256, 257, 259, 268

shoulder-fired antiaircraft missile, 28

shrapnel, 15, 102, 104, 197, 198, 216, 255, 258

sick bay, 102, 104

Sick and Wounded Board, 97

siege cannon, 15

siege mortars, 3, 4, 19

Sieur, Inspector General Hercule, 140

Sikorsky Bolshoi, 18

Sisters of the Holy Cross, 174

Sisters of St. Joseph, 174

skin infections, 237

sledges, 224

slop-shop surgeons, 142

sloped armored glacis, 23

smallpox, 42, 71, 96, 97, 102, 118, 120, 159, 219, 220, 227; inoculation, 96, 175

smart bombs, 266

smokeless powder, 15, 216

smoothbore cannon, 4, 15

sniper fire, 254

Snow, John, 135

Société Royale de Médicine, 112

Society for the Aid of Wounded Soldiers, 159

sodium citrate, 218

sodium hypochlorite, 167, 216

sodium phosphate, 218

soldier’s heart, 178

Solferino, battle of, 158

solid ball shot, 8

Somalia, 245, 254

Somme, battle of, 29, 217, 222

Soubeiran, Eugène, 134

South Africa, 194, 198

Soviet-Afghan War, 245

Soviet Army, 21, 248, 251; battle physicians, 51; medical system, 248

Soviet Union, 20, 25, 245, 252

Soviets, 231, 22, 246, 255

Spain, 57, 100

Spandau Gate, 113

Spanish-American War, 139, 162, 184, 194, 199, 200, 219

Spanish Armada, 79, 228

Spanish Civil War, 229

Spanish Navy, 102

spectacles, 45

Spencer carbine, 12

spermaceti, 75

spirit of individual disorder, 65

spiritualism, 42

spital meister, 56

Spitfire, 24

splint, 176, 226

splinters, 101

St. Quentin, battle of, 57

St. Elizabeth’s Hospital, 173, 177

Stalin, Joseph, 21

standard caliber ammunition, 73

standardized uniforms, 75, 83

standing army, 2, 3, 4, 10, 14, 19, 181

starvation, 195

stationary hospitals, 81, 196, 201, 205

steam burns, 104

steam sterilization, 139, 180

steam-powered ship, 13, 16

steamboats, 170, 174

steel-jacketed bullets, 49

sterile wound dressings, 166; lint, 183

stethoscope, 136

Stettin, Poland, 115

stored blood, 232

Strasbourg, France, 110, 112; medical school, 158

streptococcus, 166

stressed metal skin, 22

stretcher, 210, 224

stretcher bearers, 155, 182, 195, 196, 223

strike aircraft, 27

Styrofoam blood box, 237

submachine gun, 22

submarine, 17, 18, 20, 22, 24

sugar of lead, 75

suicide, 225

sulfonamides, 232, 228, 229; sulfa drugs, 228, 233

sulfur fumigation, 99

Sumer, 36, 265

sunstroke, 209, 212

suppuration of wounds, 77, 93, 132, 232

surdomutism, 214

surgeon’s mates, 108, 113, 116, 117, 118

surgeons of the short robe, 46

Surgeons of Volunteers, 172

surgery, 138; clip, 132; drapes, 139; infection, 94; instruments, 68, 158; lighting, 216; manuals, 46; medicine, 89; sepsis, 138; shock, 135, 199

suture, 136, 166

Sweden, 79, 112

Swiss Army, 83; military medical service, 55, 56, 82, 83

Switzerland, 45, 79, 82

Sylvius, Franciscus, 67

sympathetic powder, 72, 74

syphilis, 71

Syracuse Medical College, 172

systematic realism, 180

T-34 Calliope, 23

T-34 tank, 22, 23

Tactical Combat Casualty Care program, 255, 256, 258

Tajikistan, 245, 253

Tangier, Morocco, 79

tanks, 8, 22, 27, 266

tannic acid, 50, 136, 229

tartar emetic, 75

Tavrov, Russia, 117

Tbilisi, Georgia, 253

teaching hospitals, 88

technical journals, 11

telegraph, 13

temporary hemostasis, 53

Tet Offensive, 236

tetanus, 136, 166, 168, 219; antitoxin, 219; serum, 218; vaccine, 228

The Legion, 122

The Officer’s Well-Arranged Medical Chest, 73

The Sick Soldier, 73

The Well Experienced Field Physician, 73

theory of respiration, 66

Therouanne, siege of, 60

Thirty Years War, 5, 7, 32, 36, 41, 43, 70, 71, 73, 82, 83, 178

Thomas splint, 217, 229

thoracic-abdominal surgeon, 249

3.5inch-bazooka, 22

thrombin, 230

Tilton, James, 122

time fuses, 15

tinned food, 13

Tiraspol, 253

TNT, 26

Tobruk, battle of, 229

Tobruk splint, 229

Tokosuka, Japan, 206

tombs of the Grand Armée, 147

tonsures, 46

Torgau, Germany, 115

torpedo, 17, 22

touchhole, 5

Toulouse, battle of, 149

tourniquet, 72, 132, 135, 166, 256–58; gas powered tourniquet, 257

Toyama Hospital, 210

tracking wounds, 1

traction pulley, 229

traction splinting, 256

Trafalgar, battle of, 102

transfusion resuscitation teams, 218

transfusions, 247

transplantation cure, 74

Treatise on Gunshot Wounds: Inflammation, Erysipelas, and Mortification, on Injuries of Nerves, 151

Treatise of the Blood, Inflammation, and Gunshot Wounds, 93

trench: fans, 226; foot, 219; mortars, 19; raid, 202; warfare, 218, 223

trephining, 76, 94

triage, 102, 151, 196

triangle sights, 23

tribal invasions, 44

Trident II, 25

Trotter, Thomas, 103, 104

trunnion, 4, 7

truppenverbandplatz, 231

Tsushima Straight, battle of, 104

tungsten carbide, 22

Turco-Italian War, 18

Turkey, 155

Turkish Army, 152

Turkmenistan, 246

Turko-Russian conflict, 161

Turks, 155

Turner’s Lane Hospital, 167, 173, 177

turpentine, 53, 93, 138, 143, 167

twentieth century medicine, 193–94; Boer War, 194–201; Germany, 219–21; Great Britain, 222–24; France, 221–22; Japan, 203–210; Korean War, 233–35; Russia, 210–16; Russo-Japanese War, 201–203; United States, 224–28; Vietnam War, 235–38; World War I, 216–19; World War II, 228–33

twin screws, 17

201st Motorized Rifle Division, 253

Type 93 Long Lance torpedo, 22

typhoid, 70, 96, 168, 195, 200, 203, 205, 220, 221, 227; antitoxin, 204; vaccine, 219

typhus, 42, 59, 60, 70, 71, 72, 96, 120, 168, 182, 219, 250, 251, 252

U.S. Army National Training Center, 269

U.S. Army Yellow Fever Commission, 137

U.S. National Research Council, 230

U.S. Naval War College, 202

U.S. Sanitary Commission, 169

UH-1E “Huey,” 236

Ukraine, 246

ultrasound machine, 260

Ulysses, 99

unconventional war, 245; Post-USSR Operations, 253–54; Soviet-Afghan War, 245–53; U.S. wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, 254–62

uniform clothing, 91, 92

Union Army, 12, 161, 163, 168, 169, 170, 172, 174, 178, 179, 231; amputations, 165; causes of death, 164; medical department, 168; sanitary commission, 168; superintendent of women’s nurses, 174; wounds and sickness, 164

United States, 25, 69, 70, 79, 131, 139, 161, 225, 245

United Barber-Surgeon Company, 48

University of Virginia, 172

unjacketed bullets, 49

vaccine, 200

vaccination, 102, 183, 200, 204, 215

Valley Forge, 119, 120

Vampire, 24

van Gräfe, Karl Ferdinand, 136

van Helmont, Jean-Baptiste, 67

van Leeuwenhoek, Antonj, 66

variable timed fuse, 23

Varna, Bulgaria, 154, 155

Varro, Marcus Terentius, 137

vascular injuries, 234, 237

vascular surgery, 234, 237, 250

vascular surgeons, 234, 237

vector control teams, 251

venereal disease, 96, 173, 209, 229, 237

Venice, Italy, 57, 99

ventilated ships, 100

ventilators, 260

Veracruz, battle of, 134

vernacular, 45

Verona, Italy, 57

Versailles, France, 21

verwundetennest, 231

Vesalius, Andreas, 52

Veteran Reserve Corps, 172

veterans hospitals, 80

Vienna, Austria, 70

Vietnam, 165, 250, 255–59, 267; war, 34, 215, 234, 235, 237, 260

Vieussens, Raymond, 68

Vigo’s plaster of frog spawn, 75

Villemanzy, Quartermaster general Jacques-Pierre Orillard de, 145

vinegar water, 143

viral hepatitis, acute, 237, 253, 254

Virginia, United States, 120

Virginia Assembly, 122

Vitoria, battle of, 149

vodka, 212

volute spring bogie suspension, 23

von Bismarck, Otto, 180

von Blücher, Marshal Gebhard, 142

von Esmarch, Friedrich, 136

von Gersdorff, Hans, 50

von Liebig, Justus, 134

Vulcan cannon, 27

wagons, 81, 114, 144, 149, 150, 161, 174, 196, 223; drivers, 222

Walcheren, Holland, 148

Walker, Mary Edwards, 172

war tremors, 178

War Department, 177, 178

War of 1812, 122, 131

War of Independence, 122

War of the Austrian Succession, 109

War of the Spanish Succession, 92

Warren, John Collins, 134

Warrior, HMS, 16

Warsaw Pact, 252

Washington, Gen. George, 96, 121

water bed, 199

Waterloo, Belgium, 181, 178, 202; battle of, 142, 150–52

weapons salve, 72, 74

weapons lethality and dispersion, 30–32

welded armor, 23

Wellesley, Maj. Gen. Arthur, Duke of Wellington, 148, 149, 150, 151, 211

Wells, Spencer, 136

West Indies, 103

West Virginia, 169

wheel lock, 4, 5

Whitney, Eli, 14

whooping cough, 42

wick, 5

Willis, Thomas, 67

Wilson’s Creek, battle of, 169

Winthrop, John, 70

Wiseman, Richard, 72, 76

Wittenberg, Germany, 115

woodcut, 68

wooden deckhouses, 101

wooden splinters, 104

Woodward, Joseph, J., 174

World War I, 8, 14, 19, 153, 162, 165, 194, 198, 201, 213, 214, 216, 220, 219, 222, 225, 228, 231, 251, 258

World War II, 32, 51, 165, 194, 218, 219, 228, 231, 232, 251, 255, 256, 257, 266, 267

wound: infection, 132, 166, 217, 228, 233; management, 176; mortality, 216; surgeons, 47, 71, 70, 72, 74, 82; treatment (17th century), 73–77

Wren, Christopher, 67

Wright, Almroth, 200

Wright Flyer, 17

Wright, Orville, 17

Wright, Wilbur, 17

wundärtzne, 47

X-ray, 136, 199, 207, 216, 223

Xenakis, Brig. Gen. Stephen, 260

yellow fever, 42, 137, 148

Ypres, Third battle of, 217, 224

zinc oxide, 75

zone of destruction, 26