Bibliography

Aaris-Sørensen, K., Mühldorf, R. and Brinch Petersen, E. 2007. The Scandinavian reindeer (Rangifer tarandus L) after the last glacial maximum: time, seasonality and human exploitation. Journal of Archaeological Science 34: 914–923.

Abbott, W. J. L. 1911. On the classification of British Stone Age industries and some new, little known well marked horizons and cultures. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland 41: 458–481.

Adamenko, O. M. and Gladiline, E. V. 1989. Korolevo, un des plus anciens habitats Acheuléens et Moustériens de Transcarpatie Soviétique. L’Anthropologie 93: 689–712.

Adler, D. S., Bar-Oz, G., Belfer-Cohen, A. and Bar-Yosef, O. 2006. Ahead of the game: Middle and Upper Palaeolithic hunting behaviours in the Southern Caucasus. Current Anthropology 47: 89–118.

Agustĺ, J., Blain, H.-A., Cuenca-Bescós, G. and Bailon, S. 2009. Climate forcing of the first hominid dispersal in Western Europe. Journal of Human Evolution 57: 815–821.

Agustĺ, J., Blain, H.-A., Furió, M., De Marfá, R. and Santos-Cubedo, A. 2010. The early Pleistocene small vertebrate succession from the Orce region (Guadix-Baza Basin, SE Spain) and its bearing on the first human occupation of Europe. Quaternary International 223/224: 162–169.

Aiello, L. C. and Dunbar, R. 1993. Neocortex size, group size and the evolution of language in the hominids. Current Anthropology 34: 184–193.

Aiello, L. C. and Key, C. 2002. The energetic consequences of being a Homo erectus female. American Journal of Human Biology 14: 551–556.

Aiello, L. C. and Wheeler, P. 1995. The expensive tissue hypothesis: the brain and the digestive system in human and primate evolution. Current Anthropology 36: 199–221.

Aiello, L. C. and Wheeler, P. 2003. Neanderthal Thermoregulation and the Glacial Climate. In: Van Andel, T. and Davies, W. (eds), Neanderthals and Modern Humans in the European Landscape During the Last Glaciation: Archaeological Results of the Stage 3 project. Cambridge: McDonald Institute, pp. 147–166.

Aldhouse-Green, S. H. R. 1988. Pontnewydd Cave: the selection of raw materials for artefact manufacture and the question of natural damage. In: MacRae, R. J. and Moloney, N. (eds), Non-flint stone tools and the Palaeolithic Occupation of Britain. Oxford: BAR British Series 189, pp. 223–242.

Aldhouse-Green, M. and Aldhouse-Green, S. H. R. 2005. The Quest for the Shaman: Shape-Shifters, Sorcerers and Spirit-Healers of Ancient Europe. London: Thames and Hudson.

Aldhouse-Green, S. H. R. 1995. Pontnewydd Cave, Wales, a later Middle Pleistocene hominid and archaeological site: a review of stratigraphy, dating, taphonomy and interpretation. In: Bermúdez de Castro, J. M., Arsuaga, J.-L. and Carbonell, E. (eds), Evolución Humana en Europa y los Yacimientos de la Sierra de Atapuerca. Junta de Castilla y Leon, pp. 37–55.

Aldhouse-Green, S. H. R. 1997. The Paviland Research Project: the field assessment. Archaeology in Wales 37: 1–12.

Aldhouse-Green, S. H. R. 1998. The archaeology of distance: Perspectives from the Welsh Palaeolithic. In: Ashton, N., Healey, F. and Pettitt, P. (eds) Stone Age Archaeology: Essays in Honour of John Wymer. Oxford: Lithics Studies Society Occasional Papers 6, Oxbow Monograph 102, Oxbow Books, pp. 137–145.

Aldhouse-Green, S. H. R. 2000a. Paviland Cave and the ‘Red Lady’: a Definitive Report. Bristol: Western Academic and Specialist Press.

Aldhouse-Green, S. H. R. 2000b. Artefacts of ivory, bone and shell from Paviland. In: Aldhouse-Green, S. (ed.), Paviland Cave and the ‘Red Lady’: a Definitive Report. Bristol: Western Academic and Specialist Press, pp. 115–132.

Aldhouse-Green, S. H. R. 2000c. Climate, ceremony, pilgrimage and Paviland. The ‘Red Lady’ in his palaeoecological and technoetic context. In: Aldhouse-Green, S. (ed.), Paviland Cave and the ‘Red Lady’: a Definitive Report. Bristol: Western Academic and Specialist Press, pp. 227–246.

Aldhouse-Green, S. H. R. 2004. The Palaeolithic. In: Aldhouse-Green, M. and Howell, R. (eds), The Gwent County History. Volume 1. Gwent Prehistory and Early History. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, pp. 1–28.

Aldhouse-Green, S. H. R. and Pettitt, P. B. 1998. Paviland Cave: contextualizing the Red Lady. Antiquity 72: 756–772.

Aldhouse-Green, S. H. R., Scott, K., Schwarcz, H., Grün, R., Housley, R., Rae et al. 1995. Coygan Cave, Laugharne, South Wales, a Mousterian site and hyaena den: a report on the University of Cambridge excavations. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 61: 37–79.

Aldhouse-Green, S., Walker, E. and Peterson, R. in press. Pontnewydd and the Elwy Valley Caves. Cardiff: National Museums and Galleries of Wales.

Allen, J. R. M., Scourse, J. D., Hall, A. R. and Coope, G. R. 2009. Palaeoenvironmental context of the Late-Glacial woolly mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius) discoveries at Condover, Shropshire, UK. Geological Journal 44: 414–446.

Allen, L. G. and Gibbard, P. L. 1993. Pleistocene evolution of the River Solent of southern England. Quaternary Science Reviews 12: 503–528.

Allen, P. and White, M. 2004. The geology of Foxhall Road and the surrounding area. In: White, M. J. and Plunkett.S.J. (eds), Miss Layard Excavates: a Palaeolithic site at Foxhall Road, Ipswich, 1903–1905. Bristol: Western Academic and Specialist Press, pp. 55–75.

Allen, P., Bridgland, D., Haggart, B. A., Schwenninger, J.-L., White, M. and Wilson, D. 2007. Foxhall Road Ipswich. A Reinvestigation and Reassessment of an Archaeological Site. Transactions of the Suffolk Naturalists’ Society 43: 26–30.

Allsworth-Jones, P. 1986. The Szeletian and the Transition from the Middle to Upper Palaeolithic in Central Europe. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Andersen, K. K., Svensson, A., Johnsen, S. J., Rasmussen, S. O., Bigler, M., Rothlisberger, R. et al. 2006. The Greenland ice core chronology 2005, 15–42 ka. Part 1: constructing the time scale. Quaternary Science Reviews 25: 3246–3257.

Andrews, P. and Fernández-Jalvo, Y. 2003. Cannibalism in Britain: taphonomy of the Creswellian (Pleistocene) faunal and human remains from Gough’s Cave (Somerset, England). Bulletin of the Natural History Museum, London 58: 59–81.

Andrews, P., Cook, J., Currant, A. and Stringer, C. 1999. Westbury Cave: the Natural History Museum Excavations 1976–1984. Bristol: WASP.

Antoine, P., Coutard, J.-P., Gibbard, P., Hallegouet, B., Lautridou, J.-P. and Ozouf, J.-C. 2003. The Pleistocene rivers of the English Channel region. Journal of Quaternary Science 18: 227–243.

Antoine, P., Limondin Lozouet, N., Chaussé, C., Lautridou, J.-P., Pastre, J.-F., Auguste, P. et al. 2007. Pleistocene fluvial terraces from northern France (Seine, Yonne, Somme): synthesis, and new results from interglacial deposits. Quaternary Science Reviews 26: 2701–2723.

Antón, M., Galobart, A. and Turner, A. 2005. Co-existence of scimitar-toothed cats, lions and hominins in the European Pleistocene. Implications of the post-cranial anatomy of Homotherium latidens (Owen) for comparative palaeoecology. Quaternary Science Reviews 24: 1287–1301.

Antón, S. C. and Leigh, S. R. 2003. Growth and Life History in Homo erectus. In: Thompson, J. L., Krovitz, G. E. and Nelson, A. J. (eds), Patterns of Growth and Development in the Genus Homo. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 219–245.

Antón, S. C. and Swisher, C. 2004. Early dispersals of Homo from Africa. Annual Review of Anthropology 33: 271–296.

Anzidei, A. P. and Huyzendveld, A. A. 1992. The Lower Palaeolithic site of La Polledrara di Cecanibbio (Rome, Italy). In: Herring, E., Whitehouse, R. and Wilkins, J. (eds), Papers of the Fourth Conference of Italian Archaeology: New Developments in Italian Archaeology Part 1. London: Accordia Research Centre.

ApSimon, A. M. 1986. Picken’s Hole, Compton Bishop, Somerset: Early Devensian bear and wolf den, and Middle Devensian Hyaena Den and Palaeolithic site. In: Colcutt, S. N. (ed.), The Palaeolithic of Britain and its Nearest Neighbours: Recent Trends. Sheffield: University of Sheffield, pp. 55–56.

Armstrong, A. L. 1925. Excavations at Mother Grundy’s Parlour, Creswell Crags, Derbyshire. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland 55: 146–178.

Armstrong, A. L. 1928. Pin Hole excavations, Creswell Crags, Derbyshire. Discovery of an engraved drawing of a masked human figure. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society of East Anglia 6: 27–29.

Armstrong, A. L. 1931–2. Excavations at Cresswell Crags, Derbyshire 1928–1934: The Pin Hole Cave. Transactions of the Hunter Archaeological Society IV: 178–184.

Armstrong, A. L. 1956. Report on the excavation of Ash Tree Cave, near Whitwell, Derbyshire, 1949 to 1957. Derbyshire Archaeological Journal 76: 57–64.

Arnold, N. S., van Andel, T. H. and Valen, V. 2002. Extent and Dynamics of the Scandinavian Ice Sheet during Oxygen Isotope Stage 3 (65,000–25,000 yr B.P.). Quaternary Research 57: 38–48.

Arts, N. 1988. A survey of Final Palaeolithic archaeology in the southern Netherlands. In: Otte, M. (ed.), De la Loire de l’Oder. Les Civilisations du Paléolithique Final dans le Nord-Ouest Européen. Oxford British Archaeological Reports International Series 444, pp. 287–356.

Arzarello, M., Marcolini, F., Pavia, G., Pavia, M., Petronio, C., Petrucci, M. et al. 2007. Evidence of early human occurrence in Europe: the site of Pirro Nord (Southern Italy). Naturwissenschaften 94: 107–112.

Arzarello, M., Marcolini, F., Pavia, G., Pavia, M., Petronio, C., Petrucci, M. et al. 2009. L’industrie lithique du site Pléistocène inférieur de Pirro Nord (Apricena, Italie du sud): une occupation humaine entre 1,3 et 1,7 Ma. L’Anthropologie 113: 47–58.

Arzarello, M. and Peretto, C. 2010. Out of Africa: the first evidence of Italian peninsula occupation. Quaternary International 223/224: 65–70.

Ashton, N. M. 1992. The High Lodge Flint Industries. In: N. M. Ashton, J. Cook, S. G. Lewis and J. Rose (ed.), High Lodge; Excavations by G. de G. Sieveking 1962–68 and J. Cook 1988. London: British Museum Press, pp. 124–163.

Ashton, N. M. 1998a. The technology of the flint assemblages. In: N. M. Ashton, S. G. Lewis and S. Parfitt (eds), Excavations at the Lower Palaeolithic Site at East Farm, Barnham, Suffolk 1989–94. London: British Museum Press, pp. 205–236.

Ashton, N. M. 1998b. The spatial distribution of the flint artefacts and human behaviour. In: N. M. Ashton, S. G. Lewis and S. Parfitt (eds), Excavations at the Lower Palaeolithic site at East Farm, Barnham, Suffolk 1989–94. London: British Museum Press, pp. 251–258.

Ashton, N. M. 2001. One step beyond. Flint shortage above the Goring Gap: the example of Wolvercote. In: Milliken, S., and Cook, J. (ed.), A Very Remote Period Indeed: Papers on the Palaeolithic Presented to Derek Roe. Oxford: Oxbow, pp. 199–206.

Ashton, N. M. 2002. Absence of humans in Britain during the last interglacial (oxygen isotope stage 5e). In: Roebroeks, W. and Tuffreau, A. (eds), Le Dernier Interglaciaire et les occupations humaines du Palaeolithique moyen. Lille: Centre d’Etudes et Recherches Préhistoriques, pp. 93–103.

Ashton, N. M. and McNabb, J. 1992. The interpretation and context of the High Lodge industries. In: Ashton, N. M., Cook, J., Lewis, S. G. and Rose, J. (eds), High Lodge: Excavations by G. de G. Sieveking 1962–68 and J. Cook 1988. London: British Museum, pp. 164–168.

Ashton, N. M. and McNabb, J. 1994. Bifaces in perspective. In: Ashton, N. M. and David, A. (eds), Stories in Stones. London: Lithic Studies Society (Occasional Paper 4), pp. 182–191.

Ashton, N. M. and McNabb, J. 1996. The flint industries from the Waechter excavation. In: Conway, B., McNabb, J. and Ashton, N. (eds), Excavations at Barnfield Pit, Swanscombe, 1968–72. British Museum Occasional Paper Number 94. London: British Museum, pp. 201–236.

Ashton, N. M. and Lewis, S. 2002. Deserted Britain: declining populations in the British Late Middle Pleistocene. Antiquity 76: 791–798.

Ashton, N. M. and White, M. 2003. Bifaces and raw materials: flexible flaking in the British Lower Palaeolithic. In: Dibble, H. L. and Sorresi, M. (eds), Multiple Approaches to the Study of Bifacial Technologies. Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania Museum Press, pp. 109–124.

Ashton, N. M. and Hosfield, R. 2009. Mapping the human record in the British early Palaeolithic: evidence from the Solent River system. Journal of Quaternary Science 25: 737–753.

Ashton, N., McNabb, J. and Parfitt, S. 1992a. Choppers and the Clactonian: A Reinvestigation. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 58: 21–28.

Ashton, N., Cook, J., Lewis, S. G. and Rose, J. 1992b. High Lodge. Excavations by G. de G. Sieveking 1962–68 and J. Cook 1988. London: British Museum Press.

Ashton, N. M., McNabb, J., Irving, B., Lewis, S. and Parfitt, S. 1994a. Contemporaneity of Clactonian and Acheulean Flint Industries at Barnham, Suffolk. Antiquity 68: 585–589.

Ashton, N. M., Bowen, D. Q., Holman, J. A., Hunt, C. O., Irving, B. G., Kemp, R. A. et al. 1994b. Excavations at the Lower Palaeolithic site at East Farm, Barnham, Suffolk 1989–92. Journal of the Geological Society of London 151: 599–605.

Ashton, N. M., Lewis, S. G. and Parfitt, S. 1998. Excavations at the Lower Palaeolithic Site at East Farm, Barnham, Suffolk 1989–94. London: British Museum Press.

Ashton, N. M., Jacobi, R. and White, M. J. 2003. The dating of Levallois sites in west London. Quaternary Newsletter 99: 25–32.

Ashton, N. M., McNabb, J. and Bridgland, D. R. 2005a. Barnfield Pit, Swanscombe (TQ 598743). In Bridgland, D. R., Allen, P. and Haggart, B. A. (eds), The Quaternary of the Lower Reaches of the Thames, Field Guide. Quaternary Research Association: Durham, pp. 129–141.

Ashton, N. M., Lewis, S., Parfitt, S., Candy, I., Keen, D., Kemp, R. et al. 2005b. Excavations at the Lower Palaeolithic site at Elveden, Suffolk, UK. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 71: 1–61.

Ashton, N. M., Lewis, S., Parfitt, S. and White, M. 2006. Riparian landscapes and human habitat preferences during the Hoxnian (MIS 11) Interglacial. Journal of Quaternary Science 21: 497–506.

Ashton, N. M., Lewis, S. G., Parfitt, S., Penkman, K. E. H. and Coope, G. R. 2008a. New evidence for complex climate change in MIS11 from Hoxne, UK. Quaternary Science Reviews 27: 652–668.

Ashton, N. M., Parfitt, S. A., Lewis, S. G., Coope, G. R. and N., L. 2008b. Happisburgh Site 1 (TG388307). In: Candy, I., Lee, J. R. and Harrison, A. M. (eds), The Quaternary of Northern East Anglia, Field Guide. London: Quaternary Research Association, pp. 151–156.

Ashton, N. M., Lewis, S. and Hosfield, R. 2011. Mapping the human record: population change during the later Middle Pleistocene. In: Ashton, N., Lewis, S. and Stringer, C. (eds), The Ancient Human Occupation of Britain. Amsterdam: Elsevier, pp. 39–52.

Atkinson, T. C., Briffa, K. R. and Coope, G. R. 1987. Seasonal temperatures in Britain during the past 22,000 years, reconstructed using beetle remains. Nature 325: 587–592.

Audouze, F., Cahen, D., Keeley, L. H. and Schmider, B. 1981. Le site Magdalénien du Buisson Campin à Verberie (Oise). Gallia Préhistoire 24: 99–143.

Austin, L. 1994. Life and Death of a Boxgrove Biface. In: Ashton, N. M. and David, A. (ed.), Stories in Stone. London: Lithic Studies Society, pp. 119–126.

Austin, L. A., Bergman, C. A., Roberts, M. B. and Wilhelmsen, K. H. 1999. Archaeology of the excavated areas. In: Roberts, M. B. and Parfitt, S. A. (eds), Boxgrove: A Middle Pleistocene Hominid Site at Eartham Quarry, Boxgrove, West Sussex. London: English Heritage, pp. 313–378.

Averbouh, A. 2010. Utilisation et transformation des Matieres osseuses au Buisson Campin (Verberie, Oise). In: Zubrow, E., Audouze, F. and Enloe, J. (eds), The Magdalenian Household: Unravelling Domesticity. Albany: SUNY Press, pp. 76–90.

Avery, B. W., Bullock, J. A., Catt, J. A., Rayner, J. H. and Weir, A. H. 1982. Composition and origin of some brickearths on the Chiltern Hills, England. Catena 9: 153–174.

Baales, M. 1999. Economy and seasonality in the Ahrensburgian. In: Kozłowski, S. K., Gruba, J. and Zaliznyak, L. L. (eds), Tanged points cultures in Europe (Colloquum Lublin 1993). Lubelskie Materialy Archeologiczne 13: 64–75.

Baales, M. and Street, M. 1996. Hunter-gatherer behavior in a changing landscape: Allerød archaeology in the Central Rhineland, Germany. Journal of Anthropological Research 52: 281–316.

Baales, M. and Street, M. 1998. Late Palaeolithic backed-point assemblages in the Northern Rhineland: current research and changing views. Notae Praehistoricae 18: 77–92.

Baales, M., Grimm, S. and Jöris, O. 2001. Hunters of the ‘Golden Mile’. The late Allerød Federmessergruppen site at Bad Breisig, Central Rhineland, Germany. Notae Praehistoricae 21: 67–72.

Bahn, P. and Pettitt, P. 2009. Britain’s Oldest Art: the Ice Age Cave Art of Creswell Crags. London: English Heritage.

Bailey, S. E. and Hublin, J.-J. 2006. Dental remains from the Grotte du Renne at Arcy-sur-Cure (Yonne). Journal of Human Evolution 50: 485–508.

Baker, A. and Proctor, C. J. 1996. The caves of Berry Head. In: Charman, D. J., Newnham, R. M. and Groot, D. G. (eds), Devon and East Cornwall, Field Guide. London: Quaternary Research Association, pp. 147–162.

Baker, A., Smart, P. L. and Edwards, R. L. 2007. Mass spectrometric dating of flowstones from Stump Cross Caverns and Lancaster Hole, Yorkshire: palaeoclimate implications. Journal of Quaternary Science 11: 107–114.

Balch, H. E. 1914. Wookey Hole: Its Caves and Cave Dwellers. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Balch, H. E. 1937. Mendip, its Swallet Caves and Rock Shelters. Wells: Clare, Son and Co. Ltd.

Balescu, S., Packman, S., Wintle, C. and Grün, R. 1992. Thermoluminescence dating of the Middle Pleistocene Raised Beach of Sangatte (Northern France). Quaternary Research 37: 390–396.

Ballantyne, C. K. 1997. Periglacial trimlines in the Scottish Highlands. Quaternary International 38/39: 119–136.

Ballantyne, C. K. 2007. The Loch Lomond readvance on north Arran, Scotland: glacier reconstruction and palaeoclimatic implications. Journal of Quaternary Science 22: 343–359.

Ballantyne, C. K., McCarroll, D., Nesje, A., Dahl, S. O. and Stone, J. O. 1998. The last ice sheet in north-west Scotland: reconstruction and implications. Quaternary Science Reviews 17: 1149–1184.

Ballantyne, C. K., Stone, J. O. and McCarroll, D. 2008. Dimensions and chronology of the last ice sheet in Western Ireland. Quaternary Science Reviews 27: 185–200.

Ballentine, C. K. and Harris, C. 1994. The Periglaciation of Great Britain. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Ballin, T. B., Saville, A., Tipping, R. and Ward, T. 2010. An Upper Palaeolithic flint and chert assemblage from Howburn Farm, South Lanarkshire, Scotland; first results. Oxford Journal of Archaeology 29: 323–360.

Bamforth, D. B. 1988. Investigating microwear polishes with blind tests: the Institute results in context. Journal of Archaeological Science 15: 11–23.

Bar-Yosef, O. 1998. Early colonizations and cultural continuities in the Lower Palaeolithic of Western Asia. In: Petraglia, M. D. and Korisettar, R. (eds), Early Human Behaviour in Global Context: the Rise and Diversity of the Lower Palaeolithic Record. London: Routledge, pp. 225–279.

Bard, E., Hamelin, B., Arnold, M., Montaggioni, L., Cabioch, G., Faure, G. and Rougerie, F. 1996. Deglacial sea-level record from Tahiti corals and the timing of global meltwater discharge. Nature 382: 241–244.

Bard, E., Antonioli, F., Roestek, F., Silenzi, S. and Schrag, D. 2000. The penultimate glaciation as viewed from geochemical data measured in submerged speleothem from Italy. EOS 81 (19) Suppl: S79.

Barron, E., Van Andel, T. and Pollard, D. 2003. Glacial Environments II: Reconstructing the Climate of Europe in the Last Glaciation. In: Van Andel, T. and Davies, W. (eds), Neanderthals and Modern Humans in the European Landscape During the Last Glaciation: Archaeological Results of the Stage 3 project. Cambridge: McDonald Institute, pp. 57–78.

Barsky, D., Celiberti, V., Cauche, D., Grégoire, S., Lebègue, F., de Lumley, H. et al. 2010. Raw material discernment and technological aspects of the Barranco León and Fuente Nueva 3 stone assemblages (Orce southern Spain). Quaternary International 223/224: 201–219.

Barsky, D. and de Lumley, H. 2010. Early European Mode 2 and the stone industry from the Caune de l’Arago’s archaeostratigraphical levels ‘P’. Quaternary International 223/224: 71–86.

Barton, R. N. E. 1986. Experiments with long blades from Sproughton, near Ipswich, Suffolk. In: Roe, D. (ed.) Studies in the Upper Palaeolithic of Britain and North-West Europe. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports International Series 296, pp. 129–141.

Barton, R. N. E. 1989. Long Blade technology in southern Britain. In: Bonsall, C. (ed.), The Mesolithic in Europe. Edinburgh: John Donald, pp. 264–271.

Barton, R. N. E. 1990. The en éperon technique in the British Late Upper Palaeolithic. Lithics 11: 31–33.

Barton, R. N. E. 1991. Technological innovation and continuity at the end of the Pleistocene in Britain. In: Barton, R. N. E., Roberts, A. and Roe, D. A. (eds), The Late Glacial in North West Europe: Human Adaptation and Environmental Change at the End of the Pleistocene. London: Council for British Archaeology Research Report 77, pp. 234–245.

Barton, R. N. E. 1992. Hengistbury Head, Dorset: Volume 2: The Late Upper Palaeolithic and Early Mesolithic Sites. Oxford: Oxford University Committee for Archaeology Monograph 34.

Barton, R. N. E. 1997. Stone Age Britain. London: English Heritage and Batsford.

Barton, R. N. E. 1998. Long Blade technology and the question of British Late Pleistocene/Early Holocene lithic assemblages. In: Ashton, N., Healy, F. and Pettitt, P. (eds), Stone Age Archaeology: Essays in Honour of John Wymer. Oxford: Oxbow Monograph 102 and Lithic Studies Society Occasional Papers 6, pp. 158–164.

Barton, R. N. E. 1999. Colonisation and resettlement of Europe in the Late Glacial: a view from the western periphery. Folia Quaternaria 70: 71–86.

Barton, R. N. E. and Froom, F. R. 1986. The long blade assemblage from Avington VI, Berkshire. In: Collcutt, S. N. (ed.), The Palaeolithic of Britain and its Nearest Neighbours: Recent Trends. Sheffield: University of Sheffield, pp. 80–84.

Barton, R. N. E. and Roberts, A. J. 1996. Reviewing the British Late Upper Palaeolithic: new evidence for chronological patterning in the Lateglacial record. Oxford Journal of Archaeology 15: 245–265.

Barton, R. N. E. and Dumont, S. 2000. Recolonisation and resettlement of Britain at the end of the Last Glaciation. Mémoires de Préhistoire d’ile de France 7: 151–62.

Barton, R. N. E. and Roberts, A. 2004. The Mesolithic period in England: current perspectives and new research. In: Saville, A. (ed.), Mesolithic Scotland and its Neighbours. The Early Holocene Prehistory of Scotland, its British and Irish Context, and some Northern European Perspectives. Edinburgh: Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, pp. 339–358.

Barton, R. N. E., Jacobi, R. M., Stapert, D. and Street, M. J. 2003. The Late-Glacial reoccupation of the British Isles and the Creswellian. Journal of Quaternary Science 18: 631–643.

Bassinot, F. C., Labeyrie, L. D., Vincent, V., Quidelleur, X., Shackleton, N. J. and Lancelot, Y. 1994. The astronomical theory of climate and the age of the Brunhes–Matuyama magnetic reversal. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 126: 91–108.

Bateman, M. D. 1998. The origin and age of coversand in North Lincolnshire, UK. Permafrost and Periglacial Processes 9: 313–325.

Bateman, M. D., Buckland, P. C., Chase, B., Frederick, C. D. and Gaunt, G. D. 2008. The Late-Devensian proglacial Lake Humber: new evidence from littoral deposits at Ferrybridge, Yorkshire, England. Boreas 37: 195–210.

Bateman, M. D., Buckland, P. C., Whyte, M. A., Ashurst, R. A., Boulter, C. and Panagiotakopulou, E. 2011. Re-evaluation of the Last Glacial Maximum typesite at Dimlington, UK. Boreas 40(4): 573–584.

Bates, M. R. 1993. Quaternary Aminostratigraphy in northwestern France. Quaternary Science Reviews 12: 793–809.

Bates, M. R. 1998. Pleistocene sequences at Norton Farm, Chicester, West Sussex (TQ 9257 0655)1. In: Murton, J. B., Whiteman, C. A., Bates, M. B., Bridgland, D. R., Long, A. J., Roberts, M. B. and Waller, M. P. (eds), The Quaternary of Kent and Sussex: Field Guide. London: Quaternary Research Association, pp. 168–177.

Bates, M. R., Parfitt, S.A. and Roberts, M.B. 1997. The chronology, palaeogeography and archaeological significance of the marine Quaternary record of the West Sussex Coastal Plain, Southern England, UK. Quaternary Science Reviews 16: 1227–1252.

Bates, M. R., Parfitt, S. A. and Roberts, M. B. 1998. Later Middle and Upper Palaeolithic marine sediments of the West Sussex Coastal Plain: a brief review. In: Murton, J. B., Whiteman, C. A., Bates, M. R., Bridgland, D. R., Long, A. J., Roberts, M. B. and Waller, M. P. (eds), The Quaternary of Kent and Sussex, Field Guide. London: Quaternary Research Association, pp. 151–165.

Bates, M. R., Bates, C.R, Gibbard, P.L., MacPhail, R.I., Owen, F.J., Parfitt, S.A. et al. 2000. Late Middle Pleistocene deposits at Norton Farm on the West Sussex coastal plain, southern England. Journal of Quaternary Science 15: 61–89.

Bates, M. R., Keen, D. H. and Lautridou, J.-P. 2003. Pleistocene marine and periglacial deposits of the English Channel. Journal of Quaternary Science 18: 319–337.

Baumann, K.-H., Lackschewitz, K. S., Mangerud, J., Spielhagen, R. F., Wolf-Welling, T. C. W., Heinrich, R. et al. 1995. Reflection on Scandinavian Ice Sheet fluctuations in Norwegian Sea sedminets during the last 150,000 years. Quaternary Research 43: 185–197.

Baumann, W. and Mania, D. 1983. Die Paläolithischen Neufunde von Markkleeberg bei Leibzig. Berlin: VEB Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften.

Baumler, M. F. 1995. Principles and properties of lithic core reduction: implications for Levallois technology. In: Dibble, H. L. and Bar-Yosef, O. (eds), The Definition and Interpretation of Levallois Technology. Madison: Prehistory Press, pp. 11–23.

Bayliss, A., Bronk Ramsey, C., Cook, J. and van der Plicht, J. 2007. Radiocarbon dates from samples funded by English Heritage under the Aggregates Levy Sustainability Fund 2002–4. Swindon: English Heritage.

Bazely, R., Green, C. and McGregor, D. 1991. Excavation of an early prehistoric site at Creffield Road, Acton. Transactions of the London and Middlesex Archaeological Society 42: 17–31.

Beasley, M. J. 1987. A preliminary report on incremental banding as an indicator of seasonality in mammal teeth from Gough’s Cave, Cheddar, Somerset. Proceedings of the University of Bristol Spelaeological Society 18: 116–128.

Beaumont, P. and Vogel, J. C. 2006. On a timescale for the past million years of human history in central South Africa. South African Journal of Science 102: 217–228.

Beck, M., Gaupp, R., Kamradt, I., Liebermann, C. and Pasda, C. 2007. Bilzingsleben site formation processes: geoarchaeological investigations of a Middle Pleistocene deposit: preliminary results of the 2003–2005 excavations. Archäologisches Korrespondenzblatt 37: 1–18.

Bee, T. W. 2001. Palaeolithic handaxes from the Lymm Valley, Lincolnshire. Lithics 22: 47–52.

Beets, D. J., Meijer, T., Beets, C. J., Cleveringa, P., Laban, C. and van der Spek, A. J. F. 2005. Evidence for a Middle Pleistocene glaciation of MIS 8 age in the southern North Sea. Quaternary International 133/134: 7–19.

Behre, K. E. 1992. Biostratigraphy of the Last Glacial Cycle. Quaternary Science Reviews 8: 25–44.

Bell, A. M. 1894. Palaeolithic remains at Wolvercote, Oxfordshire, I and II. Antiquity 30: 148–152, 192–198.

Bell, A. M. 1904. Implementiferous sections at Wolvercote (Oxfordshire). Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London 60: 120–132.

Bell, F. G. 1969. The occurrence of southern, steppe and halophyte elements in Weichselian (Last-Glacial) floras from Southern Britain. New Phytologist 68: 913–922.

Bell, F. G. 1970. Late Pleistocene floras from Earith, Huntingdonshire. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B258: 347–378.

Bell, F. G., Coope, G. R., Rice, R. J. and Riley, T. H. 1972. Mid-Weichselian fossil-bearing deposits at Syston, Leicestershire. Proceedings of the Geologists’ Association 83: 191–211.

Bello, S. M., Parfitt, S. A., Stringer, C. B. 2011. Earliest Directly-Dated Human Skull-Cups. PLoS ONE 6(2): e17026. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0017026

Bellomo, R. V. and Kean, W. F. 1997. Evidence of hominid-controlled fire at the FxJj20 site complex, Karari Escarpment. In: Isaac, G. L. and Isaac, B. (eds), Koobi Fora Research Project, (Vol. 5): Plio-Pleistocene Archaeology. Oxford: Clarendon Press, pp. 224–233.

Benn, D. I. 1997. Glacier fluctuation in Western Scotland. Quaternary International 38/39: 137–147.

Bennett, K. D. 1983. Devensian Late-Glacial and Flandrian vegetational history at Hockham Mere, Norfolk, England. New Phytologist 95: 457–487.

Berger, G. W., Pérez-González, A., Carbonell, E., Arsuaga, J. L., Bermúdez de Castro, J. M. and Ku, T. L. 2008. Luminescence chronology of cave sediments at the Atapuerca paleoanthropological site, Spain. Journal of Human Evolution 55: 300–311.

Berger, T. D. and Trinkaus, E. 1995. Patterns of trauma among Neandertals. Journal of Archaeological Science 22: 841–852.

Bergman, C. A. and Roberts, M. B. 1988. Flaking Technology at the Acheulean Site of Boxgrove, West Sussex (England). Revue Archaeologique de Picardie 1/2: 105–113.

Bergman, C. A., Roberts, M.B., Colcutt, S. and Barlow, P. 1987. Refitting and spatial analysis of artefacts from Quarry 2 at the Middle Pleistocene site of Boxgrove, West Sussex, England. In: Cziesla, E., Eickhoff, S.,Arts, N. and Winter, D. (ed.), The Big Puzzle; International Symposium on Refitting Stone Artefacts. Bonn: Holos, pp. 269–279.

Bermúdez de Castro, J. M., Arsuaga, J. L., Carbonell, E., Rosas, A., Martinez, I. and Mosquera, M. 1997. A hominid from the lower pleistocene of Atapuerca, Spain: Possible ancestor to neanderthals and modern humans. Science 276: 1392–1395.

Bermúdez de Castro, J. M., Martinón-Torres, M., Robles, A. G. and Carbonell, E. 2010. New human evidence of the Early Pleistocene settlement of Europe, from Sima del Elefante site (Sierra de Atapuerca, Burgos, Spain). Quaternary International 223/224: 431–433.

Beuker, J. R. and Niekus, M. J. L. T. 1996. Verder met Vledder; rendierjagers aan de rand een ven. Niewe Drentse Volksalmanak 113: 91–129.

Beyries, S. 1987. Variabilité de l’Industrie Lithique au Moustérien: Approche Fonctionelle sur Quelques Gisements Françaises. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports International Series 328.

Bietti, A. and Grimaldi, S. 1995. Levallois débitage in Central Italy: technical achievements and raw material procurement. In: Dibble, H. L. and Bar-Yosef, O. (eds), The Definition and Interpretation of Levallois Technology. Madison: Prehistory Press, pp. 125–142.

Bignon, O. 2007. La faune du site Magdalénien de Ville-Saint-Jacques ‘Le Tilloy’ (sondage ‘Brezillon’; Seine-et-Marne): perspectives comparatistes dans le Bassin Parisien. Bulletin de la Société Préhistorique Française 104: 237–243.

Bignon, O. 2009. Regional populations and exploitation of large herbivores in the Paris Basin during the Late Glacial: in search of an integrated model. In: Street, M., Barton, R. N. E. and Terberger, T. (eds), Humans, Environment and Chronology of the Late Glacial of the North European Plain. Mainz: Verlag des Römisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseums, pp. 27–38.

Binford, L. R. 1979. Organization and formation processes: looking at curated technologies. Journal of Anthropological Research 37: 195–208.

Binford, L. R. 1981a. Bones: Ancient Men and Modern Myths. New York: Plenum Press.

Binford, L. R. 1981b. Behavioural Archaeology and the ‘Pompeii Premise’. Journal of Anthropological Research 37: 195–208.

Binford, L. R. 1983. In Pursuit of the Past: Decoding the Archaeological Record. London: Thames and Hudson.

Binford, L. R. 1985. Human ancestors: changing views of their behaviour. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 4: 292–327.

Binford, L. R. 1987a. Searching for camps and missing the evidence? In: Soffer, O. (ed.), The Pleistocene Old World. London: Plenum Press, pp. 17–31.

Binford, L. R. 1987b. Were there elephant hunters at Torralba? In: Nitecki, M. H. and Nitecki, D. V. (eds), The Evolution of Human Hunting. New York: Plenum Press, pp. 47–106.

Binford, L. R. 1989a. Isolating the transition to cultural adaptations: Behaviour. An organisational approach. In: Trinkaus, E. (ed.), The Emergence of Modern Humans: Biocultural Adaptations in the Later Pleistocene. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 18–41.

Binford, L. R. 1989b. Science to seance, or Processual to ‘Post-Processual’ archaeology. In: Binford, L. R. (ed.), Debating Archaeology. San Diego: Academic Press, pp. 27–40.

Binford, L. R. 2001. Constructing Frames of Reference. An Analytical Method for Theory Building Using Ethnographic and Environmental Data Sets. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Binford, L. R. and Stone, N. M. 1986. Zhoukoudian: a closer look. Current Anthropology 27: 453–475.

Bischoff, J. L., Williams, R. W., Rosenbauer, R. J., Aramburu, A., Arsuaga, J. L., Garcia, N. et al. 2007. High-resolution U-series dates from the Sima de los Huesos hominids yields 600+00/–66kyrs: implications for the evolution of the early Neanderthal lineage. Journal of Archaeological Science 34: 763–770.

Blair, K. G. 1923. Some coleopterous remains from the peat-bed at Wolvercote, Oxfordshire. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 71: 558–563.

Bleed, P. 1986. The optimal design for hunting weapons: maintainability or reliability. American Antiquity 51: 737–747.

Blezard, R. G. 1966. Field Meeting at Aveley and West Thurrock. Proceedings of the Geologists’ Association 77: 273–276.

Blockley, S. P. E., Donahue, R. and Pollard, A. M. 2000. Radiocarbon calibration and Late Glacial occupation in northwest Europe. Antiquity 74: 112–121.

Blockley, S. P. E., Blockley, S. M., Donahue, R. E., Lane, C. S., Lowe, J. J. and Pollard, A. M. 2006. The chronology of abrupt climate change and Late Upper Palaeolithic human adaptation in Europe. Journal of Quaternary Science 21: 575–584.

Blore, J. D. 1966. The excavation of Lynx Cave 1962–1964. Peakland Archaeological Society Newsletter 21: 17–19.

Bocherens, H., Billiou, D., Mariotti, A., Patou-Mathis, M., Otte, M., Bonjean, D. et al. 1999. Palaeoenvironmental and palaeodietary implications of isotopic biogeochemistry of last interglacial Neanderthal and mammal bones in Scladina Cave (Belgium). Journal of Archaeological Science 26: 599–607.

Bocherens, H., Billiou, D., Mariotti, M., Toussaint, M., Patou-Mathis, M. Bonjean, D. et al. 2001. New isotopic evidence for dietary habits of Neanderthals from Belgium. Journal of Human Evolution 40: 497–505.

Bocherens, H., Drucker, D. G., Billiou, D., Patou-Mathis, M. and Vandermeersch, B. 2005. Isotopic evidence for diet and subsistence pattern of the Saint-Césaire I Neanderthal: review and use of a multi-source mixing model. Journal of Human Evolution 49: 71–87.

Bodu, P. 1995. Un gisement à ferdermesser sur les bords de la Seine: Le ‘Closeau’ à Rueil-Malmaison (Hauts-de-Seine). Bulletin de la Société Préhistorique Française 92: 451–455.

Bodu, P. 1998. Magdalenians-Early Azilians in the centre of the Paris Basin: a filiation? The example of Le Closeau (Rueil-Malmaison, France). In: Milliken, S. (ed.), The Organisation of Lithic Technology in Late Glacial and Early Postglacial Europe. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports International Series 700, pp. 131–147.

Bodu, P. 2004. Datations absolues sur les sequences archéologiques tardiglaciaires du sud du Bassin Parisien. In: Valentin, B., Bodu, P. and Julien, M. (eds), Habitats et Peuplements Tardiglaciaires du Bassin Parisien. Nanterre: Équipe Ethnologie Préhistorique, pp. 175–177.

Bodu, P. and Valentin, B. 1991. L’industrie à pieces mâcherées de Donnemarie-Dontilly (Seine-et-Marne, France): un faciès tardiglaciaire inédit dans le Basin Parisien. Préhistoire Européenne 1: 15–34.

Boëda, E. 1986. Approche technologique du concept Levallois et évaluation de champ d’application. Unpublished PhD Thesis, Université de Paris.

Boëda, E. 1995. Levallois; A volumetric recontruction, methods, a technique. In: Dibble, H. L. and Bar-Yosef, O. (eds), The Definition and Interpretation of Levallois Technology. Madison: Prehistory Press, pp. 41–68.

Boëda, E. 2001. Détermination des unités techno-fonctionnelles de pièces bifaciales provenant de la couche acheuléenne C’3 base du site de Barbas. In: D. Cliquet (ed.), Les industries á outils bifaciaux du Paléolithique Moyen d’Europe occidentale. Liège: Études et Recherches Archéologiques de l’Uiversité de Liège, pp. 51–76.

Boëda, E., Geneste, J. M. and Meignen, L. 1990. Identification de chaînes opératoire lithiques du Paléolithique ancien et moyen. Paléo 2: 43–80.

Bogin, B. 2003. The Human Pattern of Growth and Development in Paleontological Perspective. In: Thompson, J. L., Krovitz, G. E. and Nelson, A. J. (eds), Patterns of Growth and Development in the Genus Homo. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 15–44.

Boismier, W., Schreve, D. C., White, M. J., Robertson, D. A., Stuart, A. J., Etienne et al. 2003. A Middle Palaeolithic site at Lynford Quarry, Mundford, Norfolk: Interim statement. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 69: 315–324.

Bond, G., Broecker, W. D., Johnsen, S., McManus, J., Labeyrie, L., Jouzel, J. et al. 1993. Correlations between climate records from North Atlantic sediments and Greenland ice. Nature 365: 143–147.

Bond, G. C. and Lotti, R. 1995. Iceberg discharges into the North Atlantic on millenial timescales during the last glaciation. Science 267: 1005.

Bonifay, E. and Vandermeersch, B. (eds) 1991. Les Premier Européens, Paris: Editions du C.T.H.S.

Bordes, F. 1950a. L’évolution buissonnante des industries en Europe occidentale. Considérations théoretiques sur le paléolithique ancien et moyen. L’Anthropologie 54: 393–420.

Bordes, F. 1950b. Principes d‘une méthode d‘étude des techniques de débitage et de la typologie du Paléolithique ancien et moyen. L‘Anthropologie 54: 19–34.

Bordes, F. 1953. Essai de classification des industries Moustériennes. Bulletin de la Societé Préhistorique Française 50: 457–466.

Bordes, F. 1961. Typologie du Paléolithique Ancien et Moyen. Paris: CNRS.

Bordes, F. 1971. Physical evolution and technological evolution in Man. World Archaeology 3: 1–5.

Bordes, F. 1979. Comment on Ohel (1979). Current Anthropology 20: 714.

Bordes, F. 1984. Leçons sur le Paléolithique, Tome II. Paris: CNRS.

Boreham, S., and Gibbard P.L. 1995. Middle Pleistocene Hoxnian Stage interglacial deposits at Hitchin, Hertfordshire, England. Proceedings of the Geologists’ Association 106: 259–270.

Bosinski, G. 1967. Die Mittelpaläolithischen Funde im Westlichen Mitteleuropa. Köln: Fundamenta Reihe A/4.

Bosinski, G. 1995. Stone Artefacts of the European Lower Palaeolithic: A short note. In: Roebroeks, W. and Kolfschoten, T. V. (eds), The Earliest Occupation of Europe. Leiden: University of Leiden, pp. 263–268.

Bosinski, G., d’Errico, F. and Schiller, P. 2001. Die Gravierten Frauendarstellung von Gönnerdorf (Der Magdalénien Fundplatz Gönnerdorf Vol. 8). Stuttgart: Franz Steiner.

Bosselin, B. and Djindjian, F. 1988. Un essaie de structuration du Magdalénien français à partir de l’outillage lithique. Bulletin de la Société Préhistorique Française 85: 304–331.

Bosselin, B. and Djindjian, F. 1994. La chronologie du Gravettien Française. Préhistoire Européene 6: 77–115.

Boswell, P. G. H. and Moir, J. R. 1923. The Pleistocene deposits and their contained Palaeolithic Flint Implements at Foxhall Road, Ipswich. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 53: 229–262.

Boulton, G. and Hagdorn, M. 2006. Glaciology of the British Isles ice sheet during the last glacial cycle: form, flow, streams and lobes. Quaternary Science Reviews 25: 3359–3390.

Boulton, G. S., Jones, A. S., Clayton, K. M. and Kenning, M. J. 1977. A British ice-sheet model and patterns of glacial erosion and deposition in Britain. In: Shotton, F. W. (ed.), British Quaternary Studies: Recent Advances. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 231–246.

Bourillet, J. F., Reynaud, J. Y., Baltzer, A. and Zaragosi, S. 2003. The ‘Fleuve Manche’: the submarine sedimentary features from the outer shelf to the deep-sea fans. Journal of Quaternary Science 18: 261–282.

Bowen, D. Q. (ed.) 1999. A Revised Correlation of Quaternary Deposits in the British Isles. London: Geological Society.

Bowen, D. Q., Rose, J., McCabe, A. M. and Sutherland, D. G. 1986. Correlation of Quaternary glaciations in England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales. Quaternary Science Reviews 5: 229–340.

Bowen, D. Q., Hughes, S.A., Sykes, G.A.and Miller, G.H. 1989. Land-sea correlations in the Pleistocene based on isoleucine epimerization in non-marine molluscs. Nature 340: 49–51.

Bowen, D. Q., Phillips, F. M., McCabe, A. M., Knutz, P. C. and Sykes, G. A. 2002. New data for the last Glacial Maximum in Britain and Ireland. Quaternary Science Reviews 21: 89–101.

Bowman, S. G. E. 1993. Thermoluminescence dating of the Lower Industry. In: Singer, R., Gladfelter, B. G. and Wymer, J. J. (eds), The Lower Paleolithic Site at Hoxne, England. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, pp. 208–210.

Brain, C. K. and Sillen, A. 1988. Evidence from the Swartkrans cave for the earliest use of fire. Nature 336: 464–466.

Bradwell, T., Fabel, D., Stoker, M., Mathers, H., McHargue, L. and Howe, J. 2008. Ice caps existed throughout the Lateglacial Interstadial in northern Scotland. Journal of Quaternary Science 23(5): 401–407.

Bramwell, D. 1959. The excavation of Dowel Cave, Earl Sterndale, 1958–9. Derbyshire Archaeological Journal 79: 97–109.

Bramwell, D. 1963. The third report on Fox Hole Cave, High Wheeldon. Peakland Archaeological Society Newsletter 19: 10–12.

Bramwell, D. 1964a. The fourth report on Fox Hole Cave, High Wheeldon. Peakland Archaeological Society Newsletter 20: 8–12.

Bramwell, D. 1964b. The excavations at Elder Bush Cave, Wetton, Staffs. North Staffordshire Journal of Field Studies 4: 46–59.

Bramwell, D. 1971. Excavations at Foxhole Cave, High Wheeldon, 1961–1970. Derbyshire Archaeological Journal 91: 1–19.

Bramwell, D. 1977. Report on work at Fox Hole for season 1974. Peak Archaeological Society Bulletin 30: 4–8.

Bramwell, D., Scott, K., Stuart, A. J. and Cook, J. 1987. Ossom’s Cave, Staffordshire: a study of its vertebrate remains and Late Pleistocene environments. Staffordshire Archaeological Studies 4: 25–59.

Bramwell, D., Yalden, D. and Yalden, P. E. 1990. Ossom’s Eyrie Cave: an archaeological contribution to the recent history of vertebrates in Britain. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 98: 1–25.

Brandon, A. and Sumbler, M. G. 1991. The Balderton Sand and Gravel: pre-Ipswichian cold stage fluvial deposits near Lincoln, England. Journal of Quaternary Science 6: 117–138.

Brantingham, P., Kuhn, S. L. and Kerry, K. (eds) 2004. The Early Upper Palaeolithic beyond Western Europe. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Bratlund, B. 1996a. Archaeozoological comments on Final Palaeolithic frontiers in South Scandinavia. In: Larrson, L. (ed.), The Earliest Settlement of Scandinavia and its Relationship with Neighbouring Areas. Acta Archaeologica Lundensia 24, pp. 23–33.

Bratlund, B. 1996b. Hunting strategies in the Late Glacial of Northern Europe. A survey of the faunal evidence. Journal of World Prehistory 10: 1–48.

Bratlund, B. 1999. Taubach Revisited. Jahrbuch des Romish-Germanischen Zentralmuseums Mainz 46: 61–174.

Brauer, A., Endres, C. and Negendank, J. F. W. 1999. Lateglacial calendar year chronology based on annually laminated sediments from Lake Meerfelder Maar, Germany. Quaternary International 61: 17–25.

Bray, P. J., Blockley, S., Coope, G. R., Dadswell, L. F., Elias, S. A., Lowe, J. J. et al. 2006. Refining mutual climatic range (MCR) quantitative estimates of palaeotemperature using ubiquity analysis. Quaternary Science Reviews 25: 1865–1876.

Breuil, H. 1926. Palaeolithic Industries from the beginning of the Rissian to the beginning of the Würmian glaciation. Man 116: 176–179.

Breuil, H. 1932. Les industries a éclats du Paléolithique ancient I: Le Clactonien. Préhistoire 1: 148–157.

Breuil, H. 1937. Les subdivisions du Paléolithique Supérieur et leur signification. Congrès International d’Anthropologie et d’Archéologie Préhistoriques: Compte rendu de la XIVe session, Genève 1912.

Breuil, H. and Koslowski, L. 1931. Études des stratigraphie paléolithique dans le nord de la France, la Belgique et la Angleterre. L’Anthropologie 41: 449–488.

Breuil, H. and Koslowski, L. 1932. Études des stratigraphie paléolithique dans le nord de la France, la Belgique et la Angleterre. L’Anthropologie 42: 27–47, 291–314.

Breuil, H. and Koslowski, L. 1934. Études des stratigraphie paléolithique dans le nord de la France, la Belgique et la Angleterre. L’Anthropologie 44: 249–290.

Brewer, S., Guiot, J., Sánchez-Goñi, M. F. and Klotz, S. 2008. The climate in Europe during the Eemian: a multi-method approach using pollen data. Quaternary Science Reviews 27: 2303–2315.

Briant, R. M., Bates, M. R., Schwenninger, J.-L. and Wenban-Smith, F. F. 2006. An optically stimulated luminescence dated Middle to Late Pleistocene fluvial sequence from the western Solent Basin, southern England. Journal of Quaternary Science 21: 507–523.

Bridgland, D. R. 1994. Quaternary of the Thames. London: Chapman and Hall.

Bridgland, D. 1996. Quaternary river terrace deposits as a framework for the Lower Palaeolithic record. In: Gamble, C., and A.J. Lawson. (ed.), The English Palaeolithic Reviewed. Wessex: Trust for Wessex Archaeology. 24–39.

Bridgland, D. R. 2001. The Pleistocene evolution and Palaeolithic occupation of the Solent River. In: Wenban-Smith, F. F. and Hosfield, R. T. (eds), Palaeolithic Archaeology of the Solent River. London: Lithic Studies Society Occasional Paper 7. 15–25.

Bridgland, D. R. 2003. The evolution of the River Medway, S.E. England, in the context of Quaternary palaeoclimate and the Palaeolithic occupation of NW Europe. Proceedings of the Geologists’ Association 114: 23–48.

Bridgland, D. R. 2006. The Middle and Upper Pleistocene sequence in the Lower Thames: a record of Milankovitch climatic fluctuation and early human occupation of southern Britain. Proceedings of Geologists’ Association 117: 281–305.

Bridgland, D. R. 2010a. The record from British Quaternary river systems within the context of global fluvial archives. Journal of Quaternary Science 25: 433–446.

Bridgland, D. R. 2010b. The record from British Quaternary river systems within the context of global fluvial archives. Journal of Quaternary Science 25: 433–446.

Bridgland, D. R. and Harding, P. 1986. An attempt to relocate the ‘Wolvercote Channel’ in a railway cutting adjacent to Wolvercote brick pit. Quaternary Newsletter 48: 12–16.

Bridgland, D. R. and Harding, P. 1989. Investigations at Gaddesden Row Brickpit, Hertfordshire. Quaternary Newsletter 59: 2–4.

Bridgland, D. R. and Harding, P. 1993. Middle Pleistocene Thames terrace deposits at Globe Pit, Little Thurrock, and their contained Clactonian industry. Proceedings of the Geologists’ Association 104: 263–283.

Bridgland, D. R. and Harding, P. 1995. Lion Pit tramway cutting, West Thurrock (TQ 598783). In: Bridgland, D. R., Allen, P. A. and Haggart, B. A. (eds), The Quaternary of the Lower Reaches of the Thames, Field Guide. London: Quaternary Research Association, pp. 217–229.

Bridgland, D. R. and Allen, P. 1996. A revised model for terrace formation and its significance for the lower Middle Pleistocene Thames terrace aggradations of north east Essex, U.K. In: Turner, C. (ed.), The Early Middle Pleistocene in Europe. Rotterdam: Balkema, pp. 121–134.

Bridgland, D. R. and Schreve, D. C. 2001. River terrace synchrony with long-term climatic fluctuation; supporting mammalian evidence from southern Britain. In: Maddy, D., Macklin, M. and Woodward, J. (ed.), Proceedings of the Fluvial Archive Group Conference, Cheltenham, September 1998. Rotterdam: Balkema, pp. 229–248.

Bridgland, D. R. and Westaway, R. 2008. Preservation patterns of Late Cenozoic fluvial deposits and their implications: Results from IGCP 449. Quaternary International 189: 5–38.

Bridgland, D. R., Gibbard, P. L. and Harding, P. 1985. New information and results from recent excavations at Barnfield Pit, Swanscombe. Quaternary Newsletter 46: 25–39.

Bridgland, D. R., Allen, P., Currant, A. P., Gibbard, P. L., Lister, A. M., Preece, R. C. et al. 1988. Report of Geologists’ Association field meeting in north-east Essex, 22—24 May, 1987. Proceedings of the Geologists’ Association 99: 315–333.

Bridgland, D. R., Allen, P., Blackford, J. J., Parfitt, S. and Preece, R. 1995. New work on the Aveley Silts and Sands – A13 Road Improvement, Purfleet Road, Aveley. In: Bridgland, D. R., Allen, P. A. and Haggart, B. A. (eds), The Quaternary of the Lower Reaches of the Thames, Field Guide. London: Quaternary Research Association, pp. 201–216.

Bridgland, D. R., Keen, D.H., Schreve, D.C. and White, M.J. 1998. Summary dating and correlation of the Stour sequence. In: Murton, J. B., Whiteman, C. A., Bates, M. R., Bridgland, D. R., Long, A. J. et al. (eds), The Quaternary of Kent and Sussex: Field Guide. London: QRA, pp. 53–54.

Bridgland, D. R., Field, M. H., Holmes, J. A., McNabb, J., Preece, R. C., Selby, I. et al. 1999. Middle Pleistocene interglacial Thames-Medway deposits at Clacton-on-Sea, England: reconsideration of the biostratigraphical and environmental context of the type Clactonian Palaeolithic industry. Quaternary Science Reviews 18: 109–146.

Bridgland, D. R., Preece, R. C., Roe, H. M., Tipping, R. M., Coope, G. R., Field, M. H. et al. 2001. Middle Pleistocene interglacial deposits at Barling, Essex, UK: evidence for a longer chronology for the Thames terrace sequence. Journal of Quaternary Science 16: 813–840.

Bridgland, D. R., Maddy, D. and Bates, M. R. 2004. River terrace sequences: templates for Quaternary geochronology and marine terrestrial correlation. Journal of Quaternary Science 19: 203–218.

Bridgland, D. R., Howard, A. J., White, M. J. and White, T. S. in press. Quaternary of the Trent. Oxford: English Heritage and Oxbow.

Briggs, D. J., Coope, G. R. and Gilbertson, D. D. 1985. The Chronology and Environmental Framework of Early Man in the Upper Thames Valley: a New Model. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports British Series 137.

Brinch Petersen, E. 2009. The human settlement of southern Scandinavia 12,500–8,700 cal BC. In: Street, M., Barton, N. and Terberger, T. (eds), Humans, Environment and Chronology of the Late Glacial of the North European Plain. Mainz: Verlag des Römisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseums, pp. 89–129.

Bronk Ramsey, C., Higham, T., Owen, D. C., Pike, A. W. G. and Hedges, R. E. M. 2002. Radiocarbon dates from the Oxford AMS system: Archaeometry datelist 31. Archaeometry 44 (3) supplement 1: 1–150.

Brooks, S. J. and Birks, H. J. B. 2000. Chironomid-inferred Late-Glacial air temperatures at Whitrig Bog, southeast Scotland. Journal of Quaternary Science 15: 759–764.

Brown, A. J. 1887a. Palaeolithic Man in North-West Middlesex. London: Macmillan.

Brown, A. J. 1887b. On a Palaeolithic Workshop Floor discovered near Ealing. Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of London 11: 211–215.

Brown, A. J. 1895. Notes on the high-level river drift between Hanwell and Iver. Proceedings of the Geologists’ Association 14: 153–173.

Brown, A. P. 1977. Late-Devensian and Flandrian vegetational history of Bodmin Moor, Cornwall. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B276: 251–320.

Brown, E. J., Rose, J., Coope, G. R. and Lowe, J. J. 2007. An MIS3 age organic deposit from Balglass Burn, central Scotland: significance for the palaeoenvironment of Scotland and the timing of the onset of the LGM in Britain and the adjacent sea. Quaternary Science Reviews 22: 295–308.

Brumm, A. and McLaren, A. 2011. Scraper reduction and ‘imposed form’ at the Lower Palaeolithic site of High Lodge, England. Journal of Human Evolution 60: 185–204.

Buckingham, C. M., Roe, D. A. and Scott, K. 1996. A preliminary report on the Stanton Harcourt channel deposits (Oxfordshire, England); geological context, vertebrate remains and Palaeolithic stone artefacts. Journal of Quaternary Science 11: 397–415.

Buckland, W. 1823. Reliquiae Diluvianae: Observations on the Organic Remains Contained in Caves, Fissures and Diluvial Gravel Attesting the Action of an Universal Deluge. London: John Murray.

Buraczynski, J. and Butrym, J. 1987. Thermoluminescence stratigraphy of the loess in the southern Rhinegraben. In: Pesci, M. (ed.), Loess and Environment, vol. 9: Catena Supplement, pp. 81–94.

Burchell, J. P. T. 1935. Evidence of a further glacial episode within the valley of the Lower Thames. Geological Magazine 72: 90–91.

Burchell, J. P. T. 1936a. Evidence of a Late Glacial Episode within the Valley of the Lower Thames. Geological Magazine 73: 91–92.

Burchell, J. P. T. 1936b. A final note on the Ebbsfleet Channel Series. Geological Magazine 73: 550–554.

Burchell, J. P. T. 1957. A Temperate Bed of the last Inter-glacial Period at Northfleet, Kent. Geological Magazine 94: 212–214.

Burdukiewicz, J. M. 1989. Le Hambourgien: origine, evolution dans un context stratigraphique, paléoclimatique et paléogeographique. L’Anthropologie 93: 189–218.

Burleigh, R., Hewson, A., Meeks, N., Sieveking, G. and Longworth, I. (1979) British Museum natural Radiocarbon measurements X. Radiocarbon 21(1): 41–47.

Burleigh, R., Ambers, J. and Matthews, K. (1984) British Museum natural radiocarbon measurements XVII. Radiocarbon 26(1): 59–74.

Burriss, R. P. 2009. Symmetry is sexy: a reply to Hidgson’s ‘Symmetry and humans’. Antiquity 83: 1170–1175.

Busschers, F., Van Balen, R., Cohen, K., Kasse, C., Weerts, H., Wallinga, J. et al. 2008. Response of the Rhine-Meuse fluvial system to Saalian ice-sheet dynamics. Boreas 37: 377–398.

Cabrera Valdés, V. 1988. Aspects of the Middle Palaeolithic in Cantabrian Spain. In: Otte, M. (ed.), L’Homme de Néandertal, Vol. 4: La Technique. Liège: ERAUL, pp. 27–37.

Cahen, D. and Michel, J. 1986. Le site paléolithique moyen ancien de Mesvin IV (Hainault, Belgique). In: Tuffreau, A. and Sommé, J. (eds), Chronostratigraphie et Facies Culturels du Paléolithique Inferieur et Moyen dans l’Europe du Nord-Ouest. Paris: Association Française pour l’Etude du Quaternaire, pp. 89–102.

Calkin, J. B. 1934. Implements from the higher raised beaches of Sussex. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society of East Anglia 7: 333–347.

Calkin, J. B.and Green, J. F. N. 1949. Palaeoliths and terraces near Bournemouth. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 15: 21–37.

Callow, P. 1976. The Lower and Middle Palaeolithic of Britain and adjacent areas of Europe. Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis, University of Cambridge.

Callow, P. 1986. A Comparison of British and French Acheulian bifaces. In: Collcutt, S. N. (ed.), The Palaeolithic of Britain and its Nearest Neighbours: Recent Trends. Sheffield University of Sheffield, pp. 3–7.

Callow, P. and Cornford, J. M. 1986. La Cotte de St Brelade: Excavations by C.B.M. McBurney. Norwich: Geobooks.

Campbell, J. B. 1969. Excavations at Creswell Crags: Preliminary report. Derbyshire Archaeological Journal 89/90: 47–58.

Campbell, J. B. 1977. The Upper Palaeolithic of Britain: a Study of Man and Nature in the Late Ice Age. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Campbell, J. B. 1980. Le problèm des subdivisions du Paléolithique Supérieur Britannique dans son cadre Européen. Bulletin de la Société Royale Belge d’Anthropologie et de Préhistoire 91: 39–77.

Campbell, J. B. and Sampson, C. G. 1971. A New Analysis of Kent’s Cavern, Devonshire, England. Oregon: University of Oregon Press.

Campbell, J. B. and Hubbard, R. N. L. 1978. Biological investigation of the Rackley Site. In: Sampson, C. G. (ed.), Paleoecology and archaeology of an Acheulian site at Caddington, England. Dallas: Southern Methodist University, pp. 47–60.

Candy, I. and Schreve, D. 2007. Land-sea correlation of Middle Pleistocene temperate sub-stages using high-precision uranium-series dating of tufa deposits from Southern England. Quaternary Science Reviews 26: 1223–1235.

Candy, I., Rose, J. and Lee, J. R. 2006. A seasonally ‘dry’ interglacial climate in eastern England during the early Middle Pleistocene: palaeopedological and stable isotopic evidence from Pakefield, UK. Boreas 35: 255–265.

Carbonell, E. and Rodríguez, X. P. 1994. Early Middle Pleistocene deposits and artefacts in the Gran Dolina site (TD4) of the Sierra de Atapuerca, Burgos, Spain). Journal of Human Evolution 26: 291–311.

Carbonell, E. and Mosquera, M. 2006. The emergence of symbolic behaviour: the sepulchral pit of Sima de los Huesos, Sierra de Atapuerca, Burgos, Spain. Comptes Rendus – Palevol 5: 155–160.

Carbonell, E., Bermúdez de Castro, J. M., Arsuaga, J. L., Allue, E., Bastir, M., Benito et al. 1995. An Early Pleistocene hominin mandible from Atapuerca-TD6, Spain. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA) 102: 5674–5678.

Carbonell, E., Mosquera, M. Rodriguez, X.P. and Sala, R. 1999a. Out of Africa: the dispersal of the earliest technical systems reconsidered. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 18: 119–136.

Carbonell, E., García-Antón, M. D., Mallol, C., Mosquera, M., Ollé, A., Rodríguez, X. P. et al. 1999b. The TD6 level lithic industry from Gran Dolina, Atapuerca (Burgos, Spain): production and use. Journal of Human Evolution 37: 653–693.

Carbonell, E., Bermúdez de Castro, J. M., Parés, J. M., Pérez-González, A., Ollé, A., Mosquera, M. et al. 2008. The first hominin of Europe. Nature 452: 465–469.

Carbonell, E., Ramos, R. S., Rodríguez, X. P., Mosquera, M., Ollé, A., Vergès, J. M. et al. 2010. Early hominid dispersals: A technological hypothesis for ‘out of Africa’. Quaternary International 223/224: 36–44.

Carr, S. J., Holmes, R., van der Meer, J. J. M. and Rose, J. 2006. The Last Glacial Maximum in the North Sea Basin: micromorphological evidence of extensive glaciation. Journal of Quaternary Science 21: 131–153.

Carreck, J. N. 1972. Chronology of the Quaternary deposits of south-east England, with special reference to their vertebrate faunas. University of London, Unpublished M.Phil. Thesis.

Cartwright, C. 1992. Charcoal from High Lodge. In: Ashton, N. M., Cook, J., Lewis, S. G. and Rose, J. (eds), High Lodge: Excavations by G. De G. Sieveking 1962–68 and J. Cook 1988. London: British Museum Press, p.116.

Cartwright, C. 1998. The wood charcoal from Barnham. In: Ashton, N. M., Lewis, S. G. and Parfitt, S. Excavations at the Lower Palaeolithic Site at East Farm, Barnham, Suffolk 1989–94. London: British Museum Press, pp. 165–166.

Caseldine, C. J., McGarry, S. F., Baker, A., Hawkesworth, C. and Smart, P. L. 2008. Late Quaternary speleothem pollen in the British Isles. Journal of Quaternary Science 23: 193–200.

Casper, G. and Freund, H. 2001. Vegetation and climate in the Early- and Pleni-Weichselian in northern central Europe. Journal of Quaternary Science 16: 31–48.

Catt, J. A. 1978. Sediments from the Rackley Site. In: Sampson, C. G. (ed.), Paleoecology and archaeology of an Acheulian site at Caddington, England. Dallas: Southern Methodist University, pp. 39–46.

Catt, J. A. 1987. Dimlington. In: Ellis, S. (ed.), East Yorkshire. Field Guide. Cambridge: Quaternary Research Association, pp. 1–14.

Catt, J. A. 1991. The Quaternary history and glacial deposits of East Yorkshire. In: Ehlers, J., Gibbard, P. L. and Rose, J. (eds), Glacial Deposits on Great Britain and Ireland. Rotterdam: Balkema, pp. 185–191.

Catt, J. A. 1996. Recent work on Quaternary palaeosols in Britain. Quaternary International 34/35: 183–190.

Catt, J. A. and Hagen, R. E. 1978. Geological background. In: Sampson, C. G. (ed.), Paleoecology and archaeology of an Acheulian site at Caddington, England. Dallas: Southern Methodist University.

Catt, J. A., Hubbard, R. N. L. B. and Sampson, C. G. 1978. Summary and Conclusions. In: Sampson, C. G. (ed.), Paleoecology and Archaeology of an Acheulian Site at Caddington, England. Dallas: Southern Methodist University, pp. 139–150.

Célérier, G. 1996. L’Abri-sous-roche de Pont d’Ambon à Bourdeilles (Dordogne); l’industrie osseuse et la parure. Gallia Préhistoire 38: 69–110.

Chandler, R. H. 1914. The Pleistocene deposits of Crayford. Proceedings of the Geologists’ Association 25: 61–71.

Chandler, R. H. 1916. The implements and cores of Crayford. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society of East Anglia 2: 240–248.

Chandler, R. H. 1930. On the Clactonian Industry at Swanscombe. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society of East Anglia 6: 79–116.

Charles, R. 1989. Incised ivory fragments and other Late Upper Palaeolithic finds from Gough’s Cave, Cheddar, Somerset. Proceedings of the University of Bristol Spelaeological Society 18: 400–408.

Charles, R. 1997. The exploitation of carnivores and other fur-bearing mammals during the northwestern European Late Upper Palaeolithic and Mesolithic. Oxford Journal of Archaeology 16: 253–277.

Charles, R. 1998. Late Magdalenian Chronology and Faunal Exploitation in the North-Western Ardennes. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports International Series 737.

Charles, R. 1999. Garrod and the Belgian Creswellian. In: Davies, W. and Charles, R. (eds), Dorothy Garrod and the Progress of the Palaeolithic. Oxford: Oxbow, pp. 57–76.

Charles, R. and Jacobi, R. 1994. Lateglacial faunal exploitation at the Robin Hood Cave, Creswell Crags. Oxford Journal of Archaeology 13: 1–32.

Chase, P. and Dibble, H. 1987. Middle Palaeolithic symbolism: a review of current evidence and interpretation. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 6: 263–296.

Chazan, M. 1997. Redefining Levallois. Journal of Human Evolution 33: 719–735.

Chiotti, L. 2003. Les productions lamellaires dans l’Aurignacien de l’Abri Pataud, Les-Eyzies-de-Tayac. Gallia Préhistoire 45: 113–156.

Chiverrell, R. C. and Thomas, G. S. P. 2010. Extent and timing of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) in Britain and Ireland: a review. Journal of Quaternary Science 25: 535–549.

Chu, W. 2009. A functional approach to Paleolithic open-air habitation structures. World Archaeology 41: 348–362.

Churchill, S. E. 2006. Bioenergetic perspectives on Neanderthal thermoregulatory and activity budgets. In: Harvati, H. and Harrison, T. (eds), Neanderthals Revisited: New Approaches and Perspectives. Dordrecht: Springer, pp. 113–134.

Churchill, S. E. and Smith, F. H. 2000. Makers of the early Aurignacian of Europe. Yearbook of Physical Anthropology 43: 61–115.

Clapperton, C. M. 1995. Fluctuations of local glaciers at the terminations of the Pleistocene 18–8 ka BP. Quaternary International 28: 41–50.

Clark, C. D., Evans, D. J. A., Khatwa, A., Bradwell, T., Jordan, C. J., Marsh, S. H. et al. 2004. Map and GIS database of glacial landforms and features related to the last British ice sheet. Boreas 33: 359–375.

Clark, C. D., Hughes, A. L. C., Greenwood, S. L., Jordan, C. and Sejrup, H. P. 2011. Pattern at timing of retreat of the last British-Irish Ice Sheet. Quaternary Science Reviews doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.07.019.

Clark, J. G. D. 1954. Excavations at Star Carr. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Clark, J. G. D. 1969. World Prehistory: A New Outline. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Clarke, M. L., Milodowski, A. E., Bouch, J. E., Leng, M. J. and Northmore, K. J. 2007. New OSL dating of UK loess: indications of two phases of Late Glacial dust accretion in SE England and climate implications. Journal of Quaternary Science 22: 361–371.

Clark, P. U., Dyke, A. S., Shakun, J. D., Carlson, A. E., Clark, J., Wohlfarth, B. et al. 2009. The Last Glacial Maximum. Science 325: 710–714.

Clayton, K. M. 2000. Glacial erosion of the Wash and Fen basin and the deposition of the chalky till of eastern England. Quaternary Science Reviews 19: 811–822.

Clegg, J. 1970. Excavations at Coygan Cave, near Laugharne: first draft report. Carmarthen Antiquary 5: 13–20.

Cliquet, D., Ladjadj, J., Lautridou, J.-P., Leportier, J., Lorren, P., Michel, D. et al. 2001. Le Paléolithique moyen à outils bifaciaux en Normandie: état des connaissances. In: D. Cliquet (ed.), Les industries á outils bifaciaux du Paléolithique Moyen d’Europe occidentale. Liège: ERAUL, pp. 115–127.

Collcutt, S. 1999. Creswell Crags Nottinghamshire/Derbyshire: Sensitivity Survey. Oxford: Oxford Archaeological Associates.

Coleman, A. 1952. Some aspects of the development of the Lower Stour, Kent. Proceedings of the Geologists’ Association 63: 63–86.

Coles, B. J. 1998. Doggerland: a speculative survey. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 64: 45–82.

Coles, G. M. and Gilbertson, D. D. 1994. The airfall-pollen budget of archaeologically important caves: Creswell Crags, England. Journal of Archaeological Science 21: 735–755.

Coles, G. M., Gilbertson, D. D., Hunt, C. O. and Jenkinson, R. D. S. 1989. Taphonomy and the palynology of cave deposits. Cave Science 16: 83–89.

Collins, D. 1969. Culture traditions and environment of early man. Current Anthropology 10: 267–316.

Collins, D. 1970. Excavations at Oldbury in Kent: The Palaeolithic Occupation. Archaeologia Cantiana 85: 211–212.

Collins, D. 1978. Early Man in West Middlesex: the Yiewsley Palaeolithic Sites. London: HMSO.

Collins, P. E. F., Fenwick, I. M., Keith-Lucas, M. and Worsley, P. 1996. Late Devensian river and floodplain dynamics and related environmental change in northwest Europe, with particular reference to a site at Woolhampton, Berkshire, England. Journal of Quaternary Science 11: 357–375.

Coltorti, M., Feraud, G., Marzoli, A., Peretto, C., Ton-That, T., Voinchet, P. et al. 2005. New 40Ar/39Ar, stratigraphic and palaeoclimatic data on the Isernia La Pineta Lower Palaeolithic site, Molise, Italy. Quaternary International 131: 11–22.

Commont, V. 1908. Les industries de l’ancien Saint-Achuel. L’Anthropologie 19: 527–572.

Commont, V. 1909. L’industrie moustérienne dans la region de nord de la France. Congrès préhistorique de France, Compte rendu la 5 session, Beauvais, 1909.

Commont, V. 1912. Chronologie et stratigraphie des industries protohistorique, néolithiques et paléolithiques dans le depots holocènes et pleistocènes du nord de la France en particulier de la vallée de la Somme. Remarques et comparisons relative aux loess et aux glaciations. Congrès International d’Anthropologie et d’Archéologie Préhistoriques: Compte rendu de la XIVe session, Genève 1912. Geneva: Albert Kündig.

Conard, N. J. and Adler, D. 1997. Lithic reduction and hominid behaviour in the Middle Palaeolithic of the Rhineland. Journal of Anthropological Research 53: 147–175.

Conard, N. J. and Prindiville, T. J. 2000. Middle Palaeolithic hunting economies in the Rhineland. International Journal of Osteoarchaeology 10: 286–309.

Conard, N. J. and Niven, L. 2001. The Paleolithic finds from Bollschweil and the question of Neanderthal mammoth hunting in the Black Forest. In: Cavaretta, G., Gioia, P., Mussi, M. and Polambo, M. R. (eds), The World of Elephants, Proceedings of the 1st International Congress, Rome, October 2001. Rome, pp. 194–200.

Conard, N. J. and Bolus, M. 2003. Radiocarbon dating the appearance of modern humans and timing of cultural innovations in Europe: new results and new challenges. Journal of Human Evolution 44: 331–371.

Conneller, C. 2007. Inhabiting new landscapes: settlement and mobility in Britain after the Last Glacial Maximum. Oxford Journal of Archaeology 26: 215–237.

Conneller, C. 2009. Investigation of a Final Palaeolithic site at Rookery Farm, Great Wilbraham, Cambridgeshire. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 75: 167–187.

Conneller, C. and Ellis, C. 2007. A Final Upper Palaeolithic site at La Sagesse Convent, Romsey, Hampshire. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 73: 191–227.

Conway, B. W. 1996. Bifaces in a Clactonian context at Little Thurrock, Grays, Essex. Lithics 16: 41–46.

Conway, B. W., McNabb, J. and Ashton, N. (eds) 1996. Excavations at Barnfield Pit, Swanscombe, 1968–1972, London: British Museum.

Cook, J. 1986a. Marked human bones from Gough’s Cave, Somerset. Proceedings of the University of Bristol Spelaeological Society 17: 275–285.

Cook, J. 1986b. A blade industry from Stoneham’s Pit, Crayford. In: S. N. Collcutt (ed.), The Palaeolithic of Britain and its Nearest Neighbours: Recent Trends. Sheffield: University of Sheffield, pp. 16–19.

Cook, J. 1991. Comment on Stiner, White and Toth. Current Anthropology 32: 126–127.

Cook, J. and Jacobi, R. 1994. A reindeer antler or ‘Lyngby’ axe from Northamptonshire and its context in the British Late Glacial. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 60: 75–84.

Cook, J. and Jacobi, R.J. 1998. Discoidal core technology in the Palaeolithic at Oldbury, Kent. In: Ashton, N., Healy, F. and Pettitt, P. (ed.), Stone Age Archaeology: Essays in Honour of John Wymer. Oxford: Oxbow Books, pp. 124–136.

Cook, J., Ashton, N. M., Coope, G. R., Hunt, C. O., Lewis, S. G. and Rose, J. 1981. High Lodge, Mildenhall, Suffolk (TL 739754). In: Lewis, S. G., Whiteman, C. A. and Bridgland, D. R. (eds), Central East Anglia and the Fen Basin: Field Guide. London: Quaternary Research Association, pp. 127–130.

Cook, W. H. and Killick, J. R. 1924. On the discovery of a flint working site of Palaeolithic date in the Medway valley at Rochester, Kent, with notes on the drift stages of the Medway. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society of East Anglia 4: 133–149.

Coope, G. R. 1959. A late Pleistocene insect fauna from Chelford, Cheshire. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B: 70–86.

Coope, G. R. 1968. An insect fauna from Mid-Weichselian deposits at Brandon, Warwickshire. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B254: 425–456.

Coope, G. R. 1977. Fossil coleopteran assemblages as sensitive indicators of climatic changes during the Devensian (last) cold stage. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B280: 313–340.

Coope, G. R. 2000a. The climatic significance of coleopteran assemblages from the Eemian deposits in southern England. Geologie en Mijnbouw/Netherlands Journal of Geosciences 79: 257–267.

Coope, G. R. 2000b. Middle Devensian (Weichselian) coleopteran assemblages from Earith, Cambridgeshire (UK) and their bearing on the interpretation of full glacial floras and faunas. Journal of Quaternary Science 15: 779–788.

Coope, G. R. 2001. Biostratigraphical distinction of interglacial coleopteran assemblages from southern Britain attributed to Oxygen Isotope Stages 5e and 7. Quaternary Science Reviews 20: 1717–1722.

Coope, G. R. 2002. Changes in the thermal climate in Northwestern Europe during Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage 3, estimated from fossil insect assemblages. Quaternary Research 57: 401–408.

Coope, G. R. 2006. Insect faunas associated with palaeolithic industries from five sites of pre-Anglian age in central England. Quaternary Science Reviews 25: 1738–1754.

Coope, G. R. and Brophy, J. A. 1972. Late Glacial environmental changes indicated by a coleopteran succession succession from North Wales. Boreas 1: 97–142.

Coope, G. R. and Pennington, W. 1977. The Windermere Interstadial of the Late Devensian. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B280: 337–339.

Coope, G. R., Shotton, F. W. and Stachan, I. 1961. A Late Pleistocene Fauna and Flora from Upton Warren, Worcestershire. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B244: 379–421.

Coope, G. R., Gibbard, P. L., Hall, A. R., Preece, R. C., Robinson, J. E. and Sutcliffe, A. J. 1997. Climatic and environmental reconstructions based on fossil assemblages from Middle Devensian (Weichselian) deposits of the river Thames at South Kensington, Central London, UK. Quaternary Science Reviews 16: 1163–1195.

Cooper, J. 1972. Last Interglacial (Ipswichian) non-marine Mollusca from Aveley, Essex. Essex Naturalist 33: 9–14.

Cooper, L. 2002. A Creswellian campsite, Newtown Linford. Transactions of the Leicestershire Archaeology and History Society 76: 78–80.

Cooper, L. 2004. The hunter-gatherers of Leicestershire and Rutland. In: Bowman, P. and Liddle, P. (eds), Leicestershire Landscapes. Leicester: Leicestershire County Council, pp. 12–29.

Cooper, L. 2006. Launde: a Terminal Palaeolithic camp site in the English Midlands and its North European context. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 72: 53–94.

Cooper, L. and Jacobi, R. M. 2001. Two Late Glacial finds from north-west Leicestershire. Transactions of the Leicestershire Archaeology and History Society 75: 118–120.

Cooper, L., Thomas, J. S., Beamish, M. G., Gouldwell, A., Collcutt, S. N., Williams, J. et al. in press. An Early Upper Palaeolithic open-air station and mid-Devensian hyaena den at Grange Farm, Glaston, Rutland, UK. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society.

Copeland, L. and Hours, F. 1993. The Middle Orontes: Palaeolithic flint industries. In: Sanlaville, P., Besançon, J., Copeland, L. and Muhesen, S. (eds), Le Paléolithique de la Vallée Moyenne de l’Oronte (Syrie): Peulement et Environment. Oxford: BAR International Series 587, pp. 63–144.

Cotton, J. 1984. A Mousterian handaxe from West London. Lithics 5: 40–43.

Coulson, S. D. 1990. Middle Palaeolithic Industries of Great Britain. Bonn: Holos.

Cranshaw, S. 1983. Handaxes and Cleavers: Selected English Acheulean Industries. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports British Series 113.

Crochet, J.-Y., Welcomme, J.-L., Ivorra, J., Ruffet, G., Boulbes, N., Capdevila, R. et al. 2009. Une nouvelle faune de vertébrés continentaux, associée à des artifacts dans le Pléistocène inférieur de l’Hérault (Sud de la France), ver 1,57 Ma. Comptes Rendus Palevol 8: 725–736.

Crombé, P. and Verbruggen, C. 2002. The Lateglacial and early Postglacial occupation of Northern Belgium: the evidence from Sandy Flanders. In: Eriksen, B. V. and Bratlund, B. (eds), Recent Studies in the Final Palaeolithic of the European Plain. Proceedings of a U.I.S.P.P. Symposium, Stockhold, 14–17 October 1999. Aarhus: Aarhus University Press, pp. 165–180.

Cruse, J. 1987. Further investigations of the Acheulian Site at Cuxton. Archaeologia Cantiana 104: 39–81.

Cunliffe, B. 2001. Facing the Ocean: the Atlantic and its Peoples. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Currant, A. 1986a. Man and the Quaternary interglacial faunas of Britain. In: Colcutt, S. N. (ed.), The Palaeolithic Of Britain and its Nearest Neighbours: Recent Trends. Sheffield: University of Sheffield, pp. 50–52.

Currant, A. 1986b. The Lateglacial mammal fauna of Gough’s Cave, Cheddar, Somerset. . Proceedings of the University of Bristol Spelaeological Society 17: 286–304.

Currant, A. 1987. Late Pleistocene saiga antelope Saiga tatarica on Mendip. Proceedings of the University of Bristol Spelaeological Society 18: 74–80.

Currant, A. 1991. A Late Glacial Interstadial mammal fauna from Gough’s Cave, Somerset, England. In: Barton, R. N. E., Roberts, A. and Roe, D. A. (eds), The Late Glacial in North West Europe: Human Adaptation and Environmental Change at the End of the Pleistocene. London: Council for British Archaeology Research Report 77, pp. 48–50.

Currant, A. P. and Jacobi, R. M. 1997. Vertebrate faunas of the British Late Pleistocene and the chronology of human settlement. Quaternary Newsletter 82: 1–8.

Currant, A. and Jacobi, R. 2001. A formal mammalian biostratigraphy for the Late Pleistocene of Britain. Quaternary Science Reviews 20: 1707–1716.

Currant, A. and Jacobi, R. 2002. Human presence and absence in Britain during the early part of the Late Pleistocene. In: Roebroeks, W. and Tuffreau, A. (eds), Le Dernier Interglaciaire et les occupations humaines du Palaeolithique moyen. Lille: Centre d’Etudes et Recherches Préhistoriques, pp. 105–113.

Currant, A. and Jacobi, R. 2011. The Mammal Faunas of the British Late Pleistocene. In: Ashton, N., Lewis, S. and Stringer, C. (eds), The Ancient Human Occupation of Britain. Amsterdam: Elsevier, pp. 165–180.

Currant, A. P., Jacobi, R. M. and Stringer, C. B. 1989. Excavations at Gough’s Cave, Somerset 1986–7. Antiquity 63: 131–136.

Curwen, E. 1925. Palaeolith from raised beach in Sussex. Antiquaries Journal 5: 72–73.

Cutler, K. B., Edwards, R. L., Taylor, F. W., Cheng, H., Adkins, J., Gallup, C. D. et al. 2003. Rapid seal evel fall and deep-ocean temperature change since the last interglacial period. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 206: 253–271.

Cziesla, E. and Pettitt, P. B. 2003. AMS ¹⁴C datierungen von Spätpaläolithischen und Mesolithischen funden aus dem Bützee (Brandenburg). Archäologisches Korrespondenzblatt 33: 21–38.

D‘Errico, F. and Nowell, A. 2000. A new look at the Berekhat Ram figurine: implications for the origins of symbolism. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 10: 123–167.

D’Errico, F., Zilhao, J., Julien, M., Baffier, D. and Pelegrin, J. 1998. Neanderthal acculturation in western Europe? A critical review of the evidence and its interpretation. Current Anthropology 39: 1–44.

D’Errico, F., Henshilwood, C., Lawson, G., Vanhaeren, M., Tillier, A.-M., Soressi, M., Bresson, F., Maureille, B., Nowell, A., Lakarra, J., Backwell, L. and Julien, M. 2003. Archaeological Evidence for the Emergence of Language, Symbolism, and Music – An Alternative Multidisciplinary Perspective. Journal of World Prehistory 17: 1–70.

Dansgaard, W., Johnsen, S. J., Clausen, H. B., Dahl-Jensen, D., Gundestrup, N. S., Hammer, C. U. et al. 1993. Evidence for general instability of past climate from a 250–kyr ice-core. Nature 364: 218–220.

Dapaepe, P. 2001. Pour une poignée de bifaces: les industries en bifaces du Paléolithique moyen de la vallée de la Vanne. In: Cliquet, D. (ed.), Les industries à outils bifaciaux du Paléolithique Moyen d’Europe occidentale. Liège: ERAUL, pp. 135–140.

Darvill, T. 2010. Prehistoric Britain. London: Routledge.

David, A. 1991. Late Glacial archaeological residues from Wales: a selection. In: Barton, N., Roberts, A. and Roe, D. (eds), The Late Glacial of Northwest Europe: Human Adaptation and Environmental Change at the End of the Pleistocene. London: Council for British Archaeology Research Report 77, pp. 141–159.

David, A. 2007. Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Settlement in Wales, with Special Reference to Dyfed. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports British Series 448.

Davies, J.A. 1926. Notes on Upper Palaeolithic Implements from Mendip Caves. Proceedings of the University of Bristol Spelaeological Society 2: 261–273

Davies, K. H. 1984. Aminostratigraphy of British Pleistocene beach deposits. Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis, University of Wales.

Davies, K. H. and Keen, D. H. 1985. The age of the Pleistocene marine deposits at Portland, Dorset. Proceedings of the Geologists’ Association 96: 217–225.

Davies, P. and Walker, A. 1996. The footprint surfaces at Barnfield Pit, Swanscombe, and the results of analysis of a potential footprint. In: Conway, B., McNabb, J. and Ashton, N. (eds), Excavations at Barnfield Pit, 1968–1972. British Museum: London, pp. 169–185.

Davies, W. 2001. A Very Model of a Modern Human Industry: New Perspectives on the Origins and Spread of the Aurignacian in Europe. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 67: 195–217.

Davies, W. and Gallop, P. 2003. The human presence in Europe during the Last Glacial period II: climatic tolerance and climatic preference of Mid- and Late Glacial hominids. In: Van Andel, T. and Davies, W. (eds), Neanderthals and Modern Humans in the European Landscape During the Last Glaciation: Archaeological Results of the Stage 3 project. Cambridge: McDonald Institute, pp. 131–146.

Dawkins, W. B. 1862. On a hyaena-den at Wookey Hole, near Wells. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London 18: 115–126.

Dawkins, W. B. 1863. On a hyaena-den at Wookey Hole, near Wells. No. II. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London 19: 260–274.

Dawkins, W. B. 1874. Cave Hunting: Researches on the Evidence Respecting the Early Inhabitants of Europe. London: Macmillan and Co.

Dawkins, W. B. 1876. On the mammalia and traces of man found in the Robin Hood Cave. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society 32: 245–58.

Dawkins, W. B. 1877. On the mammal fauna of the caves of Creswell Crags. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London 33: 389–612.

Dawkins, W. B. 1880a. Early Man in Britain and his place in the Tertiary Period. London: Macmillan.

Dawkins, W. B. 1880b. Memorandum on the remains from the cave at Great Orme’s Head. Proceedings of the Liverpool Geological Society 4 (2): 156–159.

Dawkins, W. B. 1876. Notes of Caves &c. Unpublished handwritten notes.

Dawkins, W. B. and Mello, J. M. 1879. Further discoveries at Creswell Crags. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London 35: 724–734.

Day, P. 1995. Devensian Late-Glacial and early Flandrian environmental history of the Vale of Pickering, Yorkshire, England. Journal of Quaternary Science 11: 9–24.

Dean, C., M. G. Leakey, D. Reid, F. Schrenk, G. T. Schwartz, C. Stringer, and A. Walker. 2001. Growth Processes in Teeth Distinguish Modern Humans from Homo erectus and Earlier Hominins. Nature 414: 628–631.

De Clerk, P. 2004. Confusing concepts in Lateglacial stratigraphy and geochronology: origin, consequences, conclusions (with special emphasis on the type locality Bøllingsø). Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 129: 265–298.

De Jong, J. 1988. Climatic variability during the past three million years, as indicated by vegetational evolution in Northwest Europe and with emphasis on data from the Netherlands. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B 318: 601–617.

De Lumley, H. 1969. A Palaeolithic camp site near Nice. Scientific American 220: 42–50.

De Lumley, M.-A., Gabunia, L., Vekua, A., Lordkipanidze, D. 2006. Les restes de Pliocene final et du debut du Pleistocene inferieur de Dmanisi, Georgie (1991–2000). I – Les cranes, D 2280, D 2282, D 2700. L’Anthropologie 110: 1–110.

De Mortillet, G. 1869. Essai d’une classification des cavernes et des stations sous abri, fondée sur les produits de l’industrie humaine. Matériaux pour Servir à l’Histoire Primitive de l’Homme 5: 172–179.

De Mortillet, G. 1873. Classification des diverse période d’Âge de la Pierre. Compte Rendu du Congrès Internationale d’Anthropologie et d’Archéologie Préhistoriques, 6me Session, Bruxelles, 1872. Bruxelles: Weissenbruch, pp. 432–444.

Delair, J. B. and Shackley, M. L. 1978. The Fisherton Brickpits: their stratigraphy and fossil contents. Wiltshire Natural History Society Magazine 73: 3–19.

Delporte, H. and Mons, L. 1988. Sagaies: fiche sagaie a biseau double. In: Delporte, H., Hahn, J., Mons, L., Pinçon, G. and de Sonneville-Bordes, D. (eds), Sagaies. Provence: Publications de l’Universitée Provence. Fiche 4.

Demars, P.-Y. and Laurent, P. 1992. Types d’Outils Lithiques du Paléolithique Supérieur en Europe. Paris: Cahiers du Quaternaire 14.

DeMenocal, P. B. 2004. African climate change and faunal evolution during the Pliocene-Pleistocene. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 220: 3–24.

Dennell, R. 1983. European Economic Prehistory: A New Approach. London and New York: Academic Press.

Dennell, R. 2003. Dispersal and colonisation, long and short chronologies: how continuous is the Early Pleistocene record for hominids outside East Africa? Journal of Human Evolution 45: 421–440.

Dennell, R. 2004. Early Hominin Landscapes in Northern Pakistan. Oxford: Archaeopress. British Archaeological Reports International Series 1265.

Dennell, R. and Roebroeks, W. 1996. The earliest colonization of Europe: the short chronology revisited. Antiquity 70: 535–542.

Dennell, R. and Roebroeks, W. 2005. An Asian perspective on early human dispersal from Africa. Nature 438: 1099–1104.

Dennell, R. and Pettitt, P. B. 2007. Review of Brantingham, P., Kuhn, S. and Kerry, K. (eds), The Early Upper Paleolithic Beyond Western Europe. American Journal of Archaeology 110: 169–172.

Dennell, R., Rendell, H. M. and Hailwood, E. 1988. Early tool-making in Asia: two-million year-old artefacts in Pakistan. Antiquity 62: 98–106.

Dennell, R., Martinón-Torres, M. and Bermúdez de Castro, J. M. 2010. Out of Asia: The initial colonisation of Europe in the Early and Middle Pleistocene. Quaternary International 223/224: 439.

Dennell, R., Martinón-Torres, M. and Bermúdez de Castro, J. M. 2011. Hominin variability, climatic instability and population demography in Middle Pleistocene Europe. Quaternary Science Reviews 30: 1511–1524.

Desbrosse, R. and Kozlowski, J. 1988. Hommes et Climats à l’â du Mammouth: le Paléolithique Supérieur d’Eurasie Central. Paris: Masson.

Desprat, S., Sánchez Goñi, M. F., Turon, J. L., Duprat, J., Malaizé, B. and Peypouquet, J. P. 2005. Climatic variability of Marine Isotope Stage 7: direct land–sea–ice correlation from a multiproxy analysis of a north-western Iberian margin deep-sea core. Quaternary Science Reviews 25: 1010–1026.

Despriée, J., Gageonnet, R., Voinchet, P., Bahain, J. J., Falguères, C., Varache, F. et al. 2006. Une occupation humaine au Pléistocène inférieur sur la bordure nord du Massif Central. Comptes Rendus Palevol 5: 821–828.

Despriée, J., Voinchet, P., Tissoux, H., Moncel, M.-H., Arzarello, M., Bahain, J.-J. et al. 2010. Lower and Middle Pleistocene human settlements in the Middle Loire River Basin, Centre Region, France Quaternary International 223/224: 345–359.

Dewey, H. 1919. On some Palaeolithic Flake-implements from the High Level Terraces of the Thames Valley. The Geological Magazine 6: 48–57.

Dewey, H. 1930. Palaeolithic Thames Deposits. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society of East Anglia 6: 146–155.

Dewey, H. 1932. The Palaeolithic deposits of the Lower Thames Valley. The Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London 88: 35–56.

Dewey, H. and Smith, R. A. 1925. Flints from the Sturry Gravels, Kent. Archaeologia 74: 117–136.

Dewez, M. 1986. Research and reflections on the human occupation of Wallonia (Belgium) during the Late Last Glacial. In: Roe, D. A. (ed.), Studies in the Upper Palaeolithic of Britain and Northwest Europe. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports International Series 296, pp. 227–234.

Dibble, H. 1987. The interpretation of Middle Palaeolithic scraper morphology. American Antiquity 52: 109–117.

Dibble, H. 1989. The implications of stone tool types for the presence of language during the Lower and Middle Palaeolithic. In: Mellars, P. and Stringer, C. (eds), The Human Revolution: Behavioural and Biological Perspectives on the Origins of Modern Humans. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, pp. 415–433.

Dibble, H. 1995a. Biache-Saint-Vaast, Level IIa: a comparison of approaches. In: Dibble, H. L. and Bar-Yosef, O. (eds), The Definition and Interpretation of Levallois Technology. Madison: Prehistory Press, pp. 93–116.

Dibble, H. 1995b. Middle Palaeolithic scraper reduction: background, clarification and review of evidence to date. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory 2: 299–368.

Dibble, H. and Rolland, N. 1992. On assemblage variability in the Middle Palaeolithic of Western Europe: history, perspectives, and a new synthesis. In: Dibble, T. and Mellars, P. (eds), The Middle Paleolithic: Adaptation, Behavior, and Variability. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania University Museum Monograph 72, pp. 1–28.

Dibley, G. E. and Kennard, A. S. 1916. Excursion to Grays. Proceedings of the Geologists’ Association 27: 103–105.

Diefendorf, A. F., Patterson, W. P., Mullins, H. T., Tibert, N. and Martini, A. 2006. Evidence for high-frequency late glacial to mid-Holocene (16,800 to 550 cal yr BP) climate variability from oxygen isotope values of Lough Inchiquin, Ireland. Quaternary Research 65: 78–86.

Dines, H. G. 1929. The flint industries of Bapchild. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society of East Anglia VI: 12–26.

Dines, H. G. 1964. General account of the 100ft terrace gravels of the Barnfield Pit. The Swanscombe Skull: a survey of research on a Pleistocene Site. London: Royal Anthropological Institute, Occasional Paper No. 20, pp. 5–10.

Dines, H. G., Holmes, S. C. A. and Robbie, J. A. 1954. Geology of the Country Around Chatham. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of Great Britain. London: HMSO.

Dinnis, R. 2005. A Comprehensive Study of British Aurignacian Artefacts. Unpublished M.Sc. dissertation, University of Sheffield.

Dinnis, R. 2008. On the technology of Late Aurignacian burin and scraper production, and the importance of the Paviland lithic assemblage and the Paviland burin. Lithics 29: 18–35.

Dinnis, R. 2009. Understanding the British Aurignacian, Unpublished PhD Thesis. University of Sheffield.

Dobres, M. A. 2000. Technology and Social Agency. Oxford: Blackwell.

Doran, J. E. and Hodson, F. R. 1975. Mathematics and Computers in Archaeology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Doronichev, V. and Golovanova, L. 2010. Beyond the Acheulean: a view on the Lower Paleolithic occupation of Western Eurasia. Quaternary International 223/224: 327–344.

Draper, J. C. 1962. Upper Palaeolithic type flints from Long Island, Langstone Harbour, Portsmouth. Proceedings of the Hampshire Field Club and Archaeological Society XXII(II): 105–106.

Dudley, T. 1993. Ash Tree Cave, Whitewell, Derbyshire: an examination and analysis of the excavations between 1939 and 1960. Unpublished B.A. Dissertation, Department of Classical and Archaeological Studies, University of Nottingham.

Duigan, S. L. 1956. Interglacial plant remains from the Wolvercote Channel, Oxford. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London 112: 363–372.

Dunbar, R. 1996. Grooming, Gossip and the Evolution of Language. London: Faber & Faber.

Dunbar, R. 1998. The social brain hypothesis. Evolutionary Antrhopology 6: 178–190.

Dunbar, R. 2004. The Human Story. London: Faber & Faber.

Dutton, A., Antonioli, F. and Bard, E. 2009a. A new chronoogy of sea level highstand for the penultimate interglacial. Pages 17: 66–68.

Dutton, A., Bard, E., Antonioli, F., Esat, T. M., Lambeck, K. and McCulloch, M. T. 2009b. The phasing and amplitude of climate and sea level during the penultimate interglacia. Nature Geoscience doi:10.1038/NGEO470.

Ealey, P. J. and James, H. C. L. 2010. Loess of the Lizard Peninsula, Cornwall, SW Britain. Quaternary International 231: 55–61.

Ehlers, J. and Gibbard, P. L. 2004a. The extent and chronology of Cenozoic global glaciation. Quaternary International 164/165: 6–20.

Ehlers, J. and Gibbard, P. L. 2004b. Quaternary Glaciations – Extent and Chronology. Part 1; Europe. Amsterdam: Elsevier.

Elias, S. 1994. Quaternary Insects and their Environments. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press.

Eriksen, B. V. 2002. Reconsidering the geochronological framework of Lateglacial hunter-gatherer colonisation of southern Scandinavia. In: Eriksen, B. V. and Bratlund, B. (eds), Recent Studies in the Final Palaeolithic of the European Plain. Proceedings of a U.I.S.P.P. Symposium, Stockholm, 14–17 October 1999. Aarhus: Aarhus University Press, pp. 25–42.

Eskrigge, R. A. 1880. Notes on the human skeletons and traces of human workmanship found in a cave at Great Orme’s Head. Proceedings of the Liverpool Geological Society IV(ii): 153–155.

Evans, J. 1862. Account of some further discoveries of flint implements in the Drift on the Continent and in England. Archaeologia 39: 57–84.

Evans, J. 1872. Ancient Stone Implements, Weapons and Ornaments of Great Britain, 1st Edition. London: Longmans and Co.

Evans, J. 1897. Ancient Stone Implements, Weapons and Ornaments of Great Britain, 2nd Edition. London: Longmans and Co.

Evans, J., Morse, E., Reid, C., Ridley, E. P. and Ridley, H. N. 1896. The relation of Palaeolithic man to the glacial epoch. Report of the British Association, Liverpool, pp. 400–416.

Faegri, K. and Iverson, J. 1989. Textbook of Pollen Analysis (4th Edition). Chichester: Wiley.

Falguères, C., Bahain, J.-J., Yokoyama, Y., Arsuaga, J. L., Bermúde Castro, J. M., Carbonell, E. et al. 2001. Datation par RPE et U-Th des sites pléistocenes d’Atapuerca: Sima de los Huesos, Trinchera Dolina et Trinchera Galeriá. Bilan géochronologique. L’Anthropologie 105: 71–81.

Farizy, C. and David, F. 1992. Subsistence and behavioural patterns of some middle Paleolithic local groups. In: Dibble, H. and Mellars, P. A. (eds), The Middle Paleolithic: Adaptation, Behavior and Variability. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania University Museum Monograph 72, pp. 87–96.

Féblot-Augustins, J. 1997. La circulation des matières premières au Paléolithique. Liège: Études et Recherches Archéologiques de l’Université de Liège.

Féblot-Augustins, J. 1999. Raw material transport patterns and settlement systems in the European Lower and Middle Palaeolithic: continuity, change and variability. In: Roebroeks, W. and Gamble, C. (eds), The Middle Palaeolithic Occupation of Europe. Leiden: University of Leiden, pp. 193–214.

Fernández-Jalvo, Y., Díez, J. C., Rosell, J. and Cáceres, I. 1999. Human cannibalism in the Early Pleistocene of Europe (Gran Dolina, Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain). Journal of Human Evolution 37: 591–622.

Field, M. H., Huntley, B. and Müller, H. 1994. Eemian climate fluctuations observed in a European pollen record. Nature 371: 779–783.

Fischer, A. 1991. Pioneers in deglaciated landscapes: the expansion and adaptation of Late Palaeolithic societies in southern Scandinavia. In: Barton, R. N. E., Roberts, A. and Roe, D. A. (eds), The Late Glacial in North West Europe: Human Adaptation and Environmental Change at the End of the Pleistocene. London: Council for British Archaeology Research Report 77, pp. 100–121.

Fischer, A. 2004. Submerged Stone Age – Danish examples and North Sea potential. In: Flemming, N. C. (ed.), Submarine Prehistoric Archaeology of the North Sea. London: Council for British Archaeology Research Report 141, pp. 23–36.

Fitch, S., Thomson, K. and Gaffney, V. 2005. Late Pleistocene and Holocene depositional systems and palaeogeography of the Dogger Bank, North Sea. Quaternary Research 64: 185–196.

Flas, D. 2008. La Transition du Paléolithique Moyen au Supérieur dans la Plaine Septentrionale de l’Europe. Brussels: Anthropologica et Praehistorica 119.

Fletcher, W., Sanchez-Goñi, M., Allen, J., Cheddadi, R., Combourieu-Nebout, N., Huntley, B. et al. 2010. Millennial-scale variability during the last glacial in vegetation records from Europe. Quaternary Science Reviews 29: 2839–2864.

Foley, R. and Lahr, M. M. 1997. Mode 3 technologies and the evolution of modern humans. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 7: 3–36.

Fowler, J. 1929. Palaeoliths found at Slindon. Sussex Archaeology Collections 70: 197–200.

Francis, E. A. 1974. Quaternary. In: Johnson, G. A. L. and Hickling, G. (eds), The Geology of Durham County. Transactions of the Natural History of Northumberland, Durham and Newcastle upon Tyne 41, pp. 134–153.

Frere, J. 1800. Account of flint weapons discovered at Hoxne in Suffolk. Archaeologia 13: 204–205.

Fretwell, P. T., Smith, D. E. and Harrison, S. 2008. The Last Glacial maximum British-Irish ice sheet: a reconstruction using digital terrain mapping. Journal of Quaternary Science 23: 241–248.

Frison, G. C. 1968. A functional analysis of certain chipped stone tools. American Antiquity 33: 149–155.

Froom, F. R. 2005. Late Glacial Long Blade Sites in the Kennet Valley. London: British Museum.

Funnell, B. M. 1995. Global sea-level and the (pen-)insularity of late Cenozoic Britain. In: Preece, R. C. (ed.), Island Britain: a Quaternary Perspective. London: Geological Society Special Publication No. 96, pp. 3–13.

Funnell, B. M. 1996. Plio-Pleistocene palaeogeography of the southern North Sea Basin (3.75–0.60 Ma). Quaternary Science Reviews 15: 391–405.

Gabunia, L., Vekua, A., Lordkipanidze, D., Swisher, C. C. I., Ferring, R., Justus, A. et al. 2000. Earliest Pleistocene hominid cranial remains from Dmanisi, Republic of Georgia: taxonomy, geological setting, and age. Science 288: 1019–1025.

Gaffney, V., Fitch, S. and Smith, D. 2009. Europe’s Lost World: the Rediscovery of Doggerland. York: Council for British Archaeology Research Report 160.

Gagnepain, J., Hedley, I., Bahain, J.-J. and Wagner, J.-J. 1992. Étude magnétostratigraphique du site de Ca’ Belvedere di Monte Poggiolo (Forlì, Italie) et de son contexte stratigraphique. Premiers résultats. In: Peretto, C. (ed.), I primi abitanti della Valle Padana, Monte Poggiolo nel quadro delle conoscenze europee. Milan: Jaca Book, pp. 319–336.

Gagnepain, J., Laurent, M., Bahain, J.-J., Falguères, C., Hedley, I., Peretto, C., Wagner, J. J. and Yokoyama, Y. 1998. Synthèse des données paléomagnétiques et radiochronologiques du site de Ca’ Belvedere di Monte Poggiolo (Romagna, Italie) et de son environnement géologique. XIII Congresso delle Scienze Preistoriche et Protostoriche, Workshop 13, Forli 1999. Abacus Editore, pp. 877–888.

Galiski, T. 2007. My own excavations and discoveries of Final Palaeolithic assemblages on the European Plain. In: Kobusiewicz, M. and Kabaciski, J. (eds), Studies in the Final Palaeolithic Settlement of the Great European Plain. Poznan: Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, pp. 129–137.

Gallup, C. D., Edwards, R. L. and Johnson, R. G. 1994. The timing of high-sea levels over the past 200,000 years. Science 263: 796–800.

Gamble, C. S. 1986. The Palaeolithic Settlement of Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Gamble, C. S. 1987. Man the Shoveller. In: Soffer, O. (ed.), The Pleistocene Old World. London: Plenum Press, pp. 82–96.

Gamble, C. S. 1992. Comment on Roebroeks, Conard and van Kolfschoten. Current Anthropology 33: 569–571.

Gamble, C. S. 1993. Timewalkers. The Prehistory of Global Colonisation. London: Alan Sutton.

Gamble, C. S. 1995a. The earliest occupation of Europe: the environmental background. In: Roebroeks, W. and Kolfschoten, T. V. (eds), The Earliest Occupation of Europe. Leiden: University of Leiden, pp. 279–295.

Gamble, C. S. 1995b. Raw materials, technology and variability in Middle Pleistocene Europe. In: Bermudez de Castro, J. M., Arsuaga, J.-L. and Carbonell, E. (eds), Evolución Humana en Europa y los Yacimientos de la Sierra de Atapuerca. Junta de Castilla y Leon, pp. 387–402.

Gamble, C. 1996. Hominid Behaviour in the Middle Pleistocene: An English Perspective. In: Gamble, C. S. and Lawson, A. J. (eds), The English Palaeolithic Reviewed. Salisbury: Trust for Wessex Archaeology, pp. 66–71.

Gamble, C. S. 1998. Handaxes and Palaeolithic Individuals. In: Ashton, N., Healy, F. and Pettitt, P. (eds), Stone Age Archaeology; Essays in Honour of John Wymer. Oxford: Oxbow Books, pp. 105–109.

Gamble, C. S. 1999. The Palaeolithic Societies of Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Gamble, C. 2001. Archaeology: the Basics. London: Routledge.

Gamble, C. S. 2002. Early beginnings 500–35,000 years ago. In: Slack, P. and Ward, R. (eds), The Peopling of Britain: the Shaping of a Human Landscape. The Linacre Lectures 1999. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 11–37.

Gamble, C. S. 2007. Origins and Revolutions: Human Identity in Earliest Prehistory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Gamble, C. S. 2009. Human display and dispersal: a case study from biotidal Britain in the Middle and Upper Pleistocene. Evolutionary Anthropology 18: 144–156.

Gamble, C. S. and ApSimon, A. 1986. Red Barns, Porchester. In: Collcutt, S. N. (ed.), The Palaeolithic of Britain and its Nearest neighbours: Recent Trends. Sheffield: University of Sheffield, pp. 8–13.

Gamble, C. S. and Roebroeks, W. 1999. The Middle Palaeolithic: a point of inflection. In: Gamble, C. and Roebroeks, W. (eds), The Middle Palaeolithic Occupation of Europe. Leiden: University of Leiden Press, pp. 3–21.

Gamble, C. S. and Steele, J. 1999. Hominid ranging patterns and dietary strategies. In: H. Ullrich (ed.), Hominid Evolution; Lifestyles and Survival Strategies. Edition Archaea, pp. 346–409.

Gamble, C. S. and Kruszynski, R. 2009. John Evans, Joseph Prestwich and the stone that shattered the time barrier. Antiquity 83: 461–475.

Gamble, C. S. and Moutsiou, T. 2011. The time revolution of 1859 and the stratification of the primeval mind. Notes and Records of the Royal Society 65: 43–63.

Gamble, C. S., Davies, W., Pettitt, P. and Richards, M. 2004. Climate change and evolving human diversity in Europe during the last glacial. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B359: 243–254.

Gamble, C. S., Davies, W., Pettitt, P., Richards, M. and Hazelwood, L. 2005. The archaeological and genetic foundations of the European population during the Lateglacial: implications for ‘agricultural thinking’. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 15: 193–223.

Ganopolski, A. and Rahmstorf, S. 2001. Simulation of rapid glacial climate changes in a coupled climate model. Nature 409: 153–158.

Gao, C., Coope, G. R., Keen, D. H. and Pettitt, M. E. 1998. Middle Devensian deposits of the Ivel Valley at Sandy, Bedfordshire, England. Proceedings of the Geologists’ Association 109: 127–137.

Gao, C., Keen, D. H., Boreham, S., Coope, G. R., Pettitt, M. E., Stuart, A. J. et al. 2000. Last Interglacial and Devensian deposits of the River Great Ouse at Woolpack Farm, Fenstanton, Cambridgeshire, UK. Quaternary Science Reviews 19: 787–810.

Garrod, D. A. 1926. The Upper Palaeolithic Age in Britain. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Garton, D. 1993. A Late Upper Palaeolithic site near Newark, Nottinghamshire. Transactions of the Thoroton Society of Nottinghamshire XCVIII: 145.

Garton, D. and Jacobi, R. M. 2009. An extensive Later Upper Palaeolithic flint scatter at Farndon Fields, near Newark, Nottinghamshire. The Archaeological Journal 166: 1–37.

Gaudzinski, S. 1995. Wallertheim revisited: a re-analysis of the fauna from the Middle Palaeolithic site of Wallertheim (Rheinhessen/Germany). Journal of Archaeological Science 22: 51–66.

Gaudzinski, S. 1996. On bovid assemblages and their consequences for the knowledge of subsistence patterns in the Middle Palaeolithic. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 62: 19–39.

Gaudzinski, S. 1999a. The faunal record of the Lower and Middle Palaeolithic of Europe: Remarks on human interference. In: Roebroeks, W. and Gamble, C. (eds), The Middle Palaeolithic Occupation of Europe. Leiden: University of Leiden, pp. 215–233.

Gaudzinski, S. 1999b. Middle Palaeolithic bone tools from the open-air site Salzgitter-Lebenstedt (Germany). Journal of Archaeological Science 26: 125–41.

Gaudzinski, S. and Roebroeks, W. 2000. Adults only. Reindeer hunting at the Middle Palaeolithic site of Salzgitter-Lebenstedt, Northern Germany. Journal of Human Evolution 38: 497–521.

Gaudzinski, S., Turner, E., Anzidei, A. P., Alvarez-Fernandez, E., Arroyo-Cabrales, J., Cinq-Mars, J. et al. 2005. The use of Proboscidean remains in everyday Palaeolithic life. Quaternary International 126/128: 179–194.

Gaunt, G. D. 1970. A temporary section across the Escrick moraine at Wheldrake, East Yorkshire. Journal of Earth Sciences 8: 163–170.

Gaunt, G. D., Coope, G. R. and Franks, J. W. 1970. Quaternary Deposits at Oxbow opencast coal site in the Aire Valley, Yorkshire. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society 38: 175–200.

Geneste, J.-M. 1985. Analyse lithique des industries Moustériennes du Périgord: une approche technologique du comportement des groups au Paléolithique moyen. Thesis, Université de Bordeaux.

Geneste, J.-M. 1989. Economie des resources lithiques dans le Moustérien du sud-ouest de la France. In: Otte, M. (ed.), L’Homme de Neanderthal Vol 6 La Subsistence. Liège: Etudes et Recherches Archéologique de l’Université de Liège, pp. 75–97.

Germonpré, M. Lázničková-Galetová, M. and Sablin, M. V. 2012. Palaeolithic dog skulls at the Gravettian Předmostí site, the Czech Republic. Journal of Archaeological Science 39(1): 184–202.

Gibbard, P. L. 1982. Terrace stratigraphy and drainage history of the Plateau Gravels of north Surrey, South Berkshire and north Hampshire, England. Proceedings of the Geologists’ Association 93: 369–384.

Gibbard, P. L. 1985. The Pleistocene History of the Middle Thames. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Gibbard, P. L. 1988. The history of the great northwestern European rivers during the past three milion years. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B318: 559–602.

Gibbard, P. L. 1994. The Pleistocene History of the Lower Thames Valley. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Gibbard, P. L. 1995. Formation of the Strait of Dover. In: Preece, R. C. (ed.), Island Britain: a Quaternary Perspective. London: Geological Society Special Publication. No. 96, pp. 15–26.

Gibbard, P. L. 2007. Palaeogeography: Europe cut adrift. Nature 448: 259–260.

Gibbard, P. L. and Aalto, M. M. 1977. A Hoxnian interglacial site at Fisher’s Green, Stevenage, Hertfordshire. New Phytologist 78: 505–523.

Gibbard, P. L. and Lautridou, J. P. 2003. The Quaternary history of the English Channel: an introduction. Journal of Quaternary Science 18: 195–199.

Gibbard, P. L., Coope, G. R., Hall, A. R., Preece, R. C. and Robinson, J. E. 1982. Middle Devensian deposits beneath the ‘Upper Floodplain’ terrace of the River Thames at Kempton Park, Sunbury, England. Proceedings of the Geologist’s Association 93: 275–289.

Gibbard, P. L., Bryant, I. D. and Hall, A. R. 1986. A Hoxnian interglacial doline infilling at Slade Oak Lane, Denham, Buckinghamshire, England. Geological Magazine 123: 27–43.

Gibbard, P. L., Wintle, A.G and Catt, J.A. 1987. Age and origin of clayey silt ‘brickearth’ in west London, England. Journal of Quaternary Science 2: 3–9.

Gilead, D. 1973. Cleavers in Early Palaeolithic industries in Israel. Paléorient 1: 73–86.

Gillespie, R., Gowlett, J. A. J., Hall, E. T., Hedges, R. E. M. and Perry, C. 1985. Radiocarbon dates from the Oxford AMS system: Archaeometry datelist 2. Archaeometry 27: 237–246.

Gilmour, M., Currant, A., Jacobi, R. and Stringer, C. 2007. Recent TIMS dating results from British Late Pleistocene vertebrate localities: Context and interpretation. Journal of Quaternary Science 22: 793–800.

Gilot, E. 1994. Datations C14. In: Otte, M. (ed.), Le Magdalenien du Trou de Chaleux (Hulsonniaux-Belgique). Liège: Études et Recherches Archéologiques de l’Université de Liège 60, p. 169.

Gladfelter, B. G. 1972. Cold-climate features in the vicinity of Clacton-on-Sea, Essex (England). Quaternaria 16: 121–135.

Gladfelter, B. G. 1993. The geostratigraphic context of the archaeology. In: Singer, R., Gladfelter, B. G. and Wymer, J. J. (eds), The Lower Paleolithic Site at Hoxne, England. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, pp. 23–66.

Gleed-Owen, C. 1999. The palaeoclimatic and biostratigraphic significance of herpetofaunal remains from the British Quaternary. In: Andrews, P. and Banham, P. H. (eds), Late Cenozoic Environments and Hominid Evolution: a Tribute to Bill Bishop. Bath: Geologial Society.

Glimmerveen, J., Mol, D., Post, K., Reumer, J. W. F., van der Plicht, H., de Vos, J. et al. 2004. The North Sea Project: the first palaeontological, palynological and archaeological results. In: Flemming, N. C. (ed.), Submarine Prehistoric Archaeology of the North Sea. CBA Research Report 141. York: CBA, pp. 43–52.

Godwin, H. 1964. Late-Weichselian conditions in southeastern Britain: organic deposits at Colney Heath, Herts. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B150: 199–215.

Golledge, N. R., Fabel, D., Everest, J. D., Freeman, S. and Binnie, S. 2007. First cosmogenic ¹⁰Be age constraint on the timing of Younger Dryas glaciations and ice cap thickness, western Scottish Highlands. Journal of Quaternary Science 22: 785–91.

Goren-Inbar, N. 1992. The Acheulian site of Gesher Benot Ya’aqov: an African or Asian Entity. In: Akawaza, T., Aoki, K. and Kimura, T. (eds), The Evolution and Dispersal of Modern Humans in Asia. Japan: Hokunsen-Sha, pp. 67–82.

Goren-Inbar, N. and Belfer-Cohen, A. 1998. The technological abilities of the Levantine Mousterians: cultural and mental capacities. In: Akazawa, T., Aoki, K. and Bar-Yosef, O. (eds), Neanderthals and modern humans in Western Asia. New York: Plenum Press, pp. 205–221.

Goren-Inbar, N. and Sharon, G. 2006. Invisible handaxes and visible Acheulian biface technology at Gesher Benot Ya’aqov, Israel. In: Goren-Inbar, N. and Sharon, G. (eds), Axe Age: Acheulian Toolmaking from Quarry to Discard. London: Equinox, pp. 111–135.

Goren-Inbar, N., Feibel, C. S., Verosub, K. L., Melamed, Y., Kislev, M. E., Tchernov, E. et al. 2000. Pleistocene milestones on the Out-of-Africa corridor at Gesher Benot Ya’aqov, Israel. Science 289: 944–947.

Goren-Inbar, N., Alperson, N., Kislev, M. E., Simchoni, O., Melamed, Y., Ben-Nun, A. et al. 2004. Evidence of hominin control of fire at Gesher Benot Ya‘aqov, Israel. Science 304: 725–727.

Gosden, C. 1994. Social Being and Time. Oxford: Blackwell.

Gouédo, J.-M. 1996. Proposition de calage chronologiques de l’industrie Aurignacienne d’Herbeville (Yvelines). In: Pautrat, Y. and Thévenin, A. (eds), Paléolothique Supérieur et Epipaléolithique dans le Nord-Est de la France. Dijon: Service Régionale de l’Archéologie de Borgogne, pp. 11–16.

Gowlett, J. A. J. 1984. Mental abilities of early man: a look at some hard evidence. In: Foley, R. A. (ed.), Hominid Evolution and Community Ecology. London: Academic Press, pp. 167–193.

Gowlett, J. A. J. 2006. The early settlement of northern Europe: fire history in the context of climate change and the social brain. Comptes Rendus Palevol 5: 299–310.

Gowlett, J. A. J., Harris, J. W. K., Walton, D. and B.A., W. 1981. Early archaeological sites, hominid remains and traces of fire from Chesowanja, Kenya. Nature 294: 125–129.

Gowlett, J. A. J., Hall, E. T., Hedges, R. E. M. and Perry, C. 1986a. Radiocarbon dates from the Oxford AMS system: Archaeometry datelist 3. Archaeometry 28: 116–25.

Gowlett, J. A. J., Hedges, R. E. M., Law, I. A. and Perry, C. 1986b. Radiocarbon dates from the Oxford AMS system: Archaeometry datelist 4. Archaeometry 28: 206–221.

Gowlett, J. A. J., Chambers, J. C., Hallos, J. and Pumphrey, T. R. J. 1998. Beeches Pit: first views of the archaeology of a Middle Pleistocene site in Suffolk, UK, in European context. Anthropologie 36: 91–97.

Gowlett, J. A. J., Hallos, J., Hounsell, S., Brant, V. and N.C., D. 2005. Beeches Pit — archaeology, assemblage dynamics and early fire history of a Middle Pleistocene site in East Anglia, UK. Journal of Eurasian Prehistory 3: 3–40.

Graham, A. G. C., Lonergan, L. and Stoker, M. S. 2009. Seafloor glacial features reveal the extent and decay of the last British ice sheet, east of Scotland. Journal of Quaternary Science 24: 117–138.

Graham, J. M. and Roe, D. A. 1970. Discrimination of British Lower and Middle Palaeolithic handaxe groups using canonical variates. World Archaeology 1: 321–342.

Grayson, D. K. 1983. The Establishment of Human Antiquity. New York: Academic Press.

Green, C. P. 1984. Pontnewydd Cave; A Lower Palaeolithic Hominid Site in Wales. Cardiff: National Museum of Wales.

Green, C. P., Keen, D. H., McGregor, D. F., Robinson, J. E. and Williams, R. B. W. 1983. Stratigraphy and environmental significance of Pleistocene deposits at Fisherton, near Salisbury, Wiltshire. Proceedings of the Geologist’s Association 94: 17–22.

Green, C. P., Coope, G. R., Currant, A., Holyoak, D., Ivanovich, M., Jones, R. et al. 1984. Evidence for two temperate episodes in the late Pleistocene deposits at Marsworth, Buckinghamshire. Nature 309: 778–781.

Green, C. P., Coope, G. R., Jones, R. L., Keen, D. H., Bowen, D. Q., Currant, A. P. et al. 1996. Pleistocene deposits at Stoke Goldington in the valley of the Great Ouse, UK. Journal of Quaternary Science 11: 59–87.

Green, C. P., Gibbard, P. L. and Bishop, B. J. 2004. Stoke Newington: geoarchaeology of the Palaeolithic ‘floor’. Proceedings of the Geologists’ Association 115: 193–208.

Green, C. P., Branch, N. P., Coope, G. R., Field, M. H., Keen, D. H., Wells, J. M. et al. 2006. Marine Isotope Stage 9 environments of fluvial deposits at Hackney, north London, UK. Quaternary Science Reviews 25: 89–113.

Green, H. S. and Walker, E. 1991. Ice Age Hunters: Neanderthal and Early Modern Humans in Wales. Cardiff: National Museum of Wales.

Green, R. E., Krause, J., Briggs, A. W. et al. 2010. A draft sequence of the Neandertal genome Science 328: 710–722.

Greenhill, J. E. 1884. The Implementiferous Gravels of North-East London. Proceedings of Geologists’ Association 8: 336–343.

Greenland Ice Core Project Members. 1993. Climate instability during the last interglacial period recorded in the GRIP ice core. Nature 364: 203–207.

Greenwood, M. T., Agnew, M. D. and Wood, P. J. 2003. The use of caddisfly fauna (Insecta: Trichoptera) to characterise the Late-Glacial River Trent, England. Journal of Quaternary Science 18: 645–661.

Greenwood, S. L. and Clark, C. D. 2009. Reconstructing the last Irish ice sheet 2: a geomorphologically-driven model of ice-sheet growth, retreat and dynamics. Quaternary Science Reviews 28: 3101–3123.

Grimes, W. F. and Cowley, L. F. 1935. Coygan Cave, Llansadyrnin, Carmarthenshire. Archaeologia Cambrensis 90: 95–111.

Grimm, S. B. and Weber, M.-J. 2008. The chronological framework of the Hamburgian in the light of old and new ¹⁴C dates. Quartär 55: 17–40.

Grootes, P. M., Stuiver, M., White, J. W. C., Johnsen, S. J. and Jouzel, J. 1993. Comparison of oxygen isotope records from the GISP2 and GRIP Greenland ice cores. Nature 366: 552–554.

Grün, R. and Schwarcz, H. P. 2000. Revised open system U-series/ESR age calculations for teeth from Stratum C at the Hoxnian Interglacial type locality, England. Quaternary Science Reviews 19: 1151–1154.

Gupta, S., Collier, J. S., Palmer-Felgate, A. and Potter, G. 2007. Catastrophic flooding origin of the shelf valley systems of the English Channel. Nature 448: 342–345.

Guthrie, R. D. 1982. Mammals of the mammoth steppe as paleoenvironmental indicators. In: Hopkins, D. M., Matthews, J. V., Schweger, C. E. and Young, S. B. (eds), Paleoecology of Beringia. New York: Academic Press, pp. 307–376.

Guthrie, R. D. 1984. Mosaics, allelochemics and nutrients: an ecological theory of late Pleistocene megafaunal extinctions. In: P. S. Martin and R. G. Klein (eds), Quaternary Extinctions: a Prehistoric Revolution. Tuscon: University of Arizona Press, pp. 259–298.

Guthrie, R. D. 1990. Frozen Fauna of the Mammoth Steppe. Chicago: Chicago University Press.

Haidle, M. N. and Pawlik, A. F. 2010. The earliest settlement of Germany: is there anything out there? Quaternary International 223/224: 143–153.

Hallam, J. S., Edwards, B. J. N., Barnes, B. and Stuart, A. J. 1973. The remains of a Late Glacial elk associated with barbed points from High Furlong, Near Blackpool, Lancashire. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 29: 100–128.

Hallos, J. 2005. ‘15 minutes of fame’: Exploring the temporal dimension of Middle Pleistocene lithic technology. Journal of Human Evolution 49: 155–179.

Hamblin, R., Moorlock, B. S. P., Booth, S. J., Jeffery, D. H. and Morigi, A. N. 1997. The Red Crag and Norwich Crag formations in eastern Suffolk. Proceedings of the Geologists’ Association 108: 11–23.

Hamblin, R., Moorlock, B. and Rose, J. 2000. A new glacial stratigraphy for eastern England. Quaternary Newsletter 92: 35–43.

Hamblin, R. J. O., Moorlock, B. S. P., Rose, J., Lee, J. R., Riding, J. B., Booth, S. J. et al. 2005. Revised pre-Devensian glacial stratigraphy in Norfolk, England, based on mapping and till provenance. Geologie en Mijnbouw/Netherlands Journal of Geosciences 84: 77–85.

Hardaker, T. 2001. New Lower Palaeolithic finds from the Upper Thames. In: Milliken, S. and Cook, J. (eds), A Very Remote Period Indeed: Papers on the Palaeolithic Presented to Derek Roe. Oxford: Oxbow Books, pp. 180–198.

Harding, P. and Gibbard, P. L. 1984. Excavations at Northwold Road, Stoke Newington, north-east London. Transactions of the London and Middlesex Archaeological Society, 34: 1–18.

Harding, P., Bridgland, D. R., Keen, D. H. and Rogerson, R. J. 1992. A Palaeolithic site rediscovered at Biddenham, Bedfordshire. Bedfordshire Archaeology 19: 87–90.

Hardy, B. L. 2010. Climatic variability and plant food distribution in Pleistocene Europe: Implications for Neanderthal diet and subsistence. Quaternary Science Reviews 29: 662–679.

Harrison, B. 1892. Report of the Committee appointed to carry on excavations at Oldbury Hill near Ightham. Report of the Sixty-First Meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, Cardiff 1891: 353–354.

Harrison, K. 1938. A note on High Lodge, Mildenhall. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 4: 326–328.

Harrison, R. A. 1977. The Uphill Quarry Caves, Weston-Super-Mare, A Reappraisal. Proceedings of the University of Bristol Spelaeological Society 14: 233–254.

Harrison, S., Whalley, B. and Anderson, E. 2008. Relict rock glaciers and protalus lobes in the British Isles: implications for Late Pleistocene mountain geomorphology and palaeoclimate. Journal of Quaternary Science 23: 287–304.

Hawkes, C. J., Tratman, E. K. and Powers, R. 1970. Decorated piece of rib bone from the Palaeolithic levels at Gough’s Cave, Cheddar, Somerset. Proceedings of the University of Bristol Spelaeological Society 12: 137–142.

Hawkes, K., O’Connell, J. F. and Blurton-Jones, N. G. 1997. Hadza women’s time allocation, offspring provisioning and the evolution of long post-menopausal lifespans. Current Anthropology 38: 551–577.

Hawkes, K., O’Connell, J. and Blurton-Jones, N. 2003. Human life histories: primate trade-offs, grandmothering socioecology, and the fossil recor. In: Kappeler, P. M. and Pereira, M. E. (eds), Primate Life Histories and Socioecology. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, pp. 204–231.

Hawkins, A. B. and Tratman, E. K. 1977. The Quaternary deposits of the Mendip, Bath and Bristol Areas; including a reprinting of Donovan’s 1954 and 1964 Bibliographies. Proceedings of the University of Bristol Spelaeological Society 14: 197–232.

Hayden, B. and Villeneuve, S. 2009. Sex, symmetry and silliness in the bifacial world. Antiquity 83: 1163–1170.

Haynes, G. 1991. Mammoths, Mastodonts, and Elephants: Biology, Behavior and the Fossil Record. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Haynes, G. 2002. The Early Settlement of North America: The Clovis Era. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Head, M. J. and Gibbard, P. 2005. Early-Middle Pleistocene transitions: an overview and recommendation for the defining boundary. In: Head, M. J. and Gibbard, P. L. (eds), Early-Middle Pleistocene Transitions: The Land-Ocean Evidence. London: Geological Society Special Publications 247, pp. 1–18.

Hedges, R. E. M., Housley, R. A., Law, I. A., Perry, C. and Gowlett, J. A. J. 1987. Radiocarbon dates from the Oxford AMS system: Archaeometry datelist 6. Archaeometry 29: 289–306.

Hedges, R. E. M., Housley, R. A., Law, I. A. and Perry, C. 1988. Radiocarbon dates from the Oxford AMS system: Archaeometry datelist 7. Archaeometry 30: 155–164.

Hedges, R. E. M., Housley, R. A., Law, I. A. and Bronk, C. R. 1989. Radiocarbon dates from the Oxford AMS system: Archaeometry datelist 9. Archaeometry 31: 207–234.

Hedges, R. E. M., Housley, R. A., Law, I. A. and Bronk, C. R. 1990a. Radiocarbon dates from the Oxford AMS system: Archaeometry datelist 10. Archaeometry 32: 101–108.

Hedges, R. E. M., Housley, R. A., Bronk, C. R. and van Kinken, G. J. 1990b. Radiocarbon dates from the Oxford AMS system: Archaeometry datelist 11. Archaeometry 32: 211–237.

Hedges, R. E. M., Housley, R. A., Bronk, C. R. and van Klinken, G. J. 1991. Radiocarbon dates from the Oxford AMS system: Archaeometry datelist 13. Archaeometry 33: 279–296.

Hedges, R. E. M., Housley, R. A., Bronk, C. R. and van Klinken, G. J. 1992. Radiocarbon dates from the Oxford AMS system: Archaeometry datelist 14. Archaeometry 34: 141–159.

Hedges, R. E. M., Housley, R., Bronk Ramsey, C. and van Kinken, G. J. 1993. Radiocarbon dates from the Oxford AMS system: Archaeometry datelist 17. Archaeometry 35: 305–326.

Hedges, R. E. M., Housley, R. A., Bronk Ramsey, C. and van Klinken, G. J. 1994. Radiocarbon dates from the Oxford AMS system: Archaeometry datelist 18. Archaeometry 36: 337–374.

Hedges, R. E. M., Pettitt, P. B., Bronk Ramsey, C. and van Klinken, G. J. 1996. Radiocarbon dates from the Oxford AMS system: Archaeometry datelist 22. Archaeometry 38: 391–415.

Hedges, R. E. M., Pettitt, P. B., Bronk Ramsey, C. and van Klinken, G. J. 1997. Radiocarbon dates from the Oxford AMS system: Archaeometry datelist 23. Archaeometry 39: 247–262.

Hedges, R. E. M., Pettitt, P. B., Bronk Ramsey, C. and van Klinken, G. J. 1998. Radiocarbon dates from the Oxford AMS system: Archaeometry datelist 25. Archaeometry 40: 227–239.

Heinrich, H. 1988. Origin and consequences of cyclic ice-rafting events in Northeast Atlantic Ocean during the past 130,000 years. Quaternary Research 29: 142–152.

Hemmer, H. 2000. Out of Asia: a paleoecological scenario of man and his carnivorous competitors in the European Lower Pleistocene. Études et Recherches Archéologiques de l’Université de Liège 92: 99–106.

Hemming, S. R. 2004. Heinrich events: Massive late Pleistocene detritus layers of the North Atlantic and their global climate imprint. Reviews of Geophysics 42: doi: 10.1029/2003RG000128.

Henderson, A. H. 1973. Flint and chert implements from Froggatt, Derbyshire. Transactions of the Hunter Archaeological Society 10: 138–144.

Henrich, J. 2004. Demography and cultural evolution: how adaptive cultural processes can produce maladaptive losses – the Tasmanian case. American Antiquity 69: 197–214.

Hicks, H. 1867. Discovery of a hyaena-den near Laugharne, Carmarthenshire. Geological Magazine 4: 307–309.

Hicks, H. 1884. On some recent researches in bone caves in Wales. Proceedings of Geologists Association 9: 1–42.

Hicks, S. 2006. When no pollen does not mean no trees. Vegetation History and Archaeobotany 15: 253–261.

Hiemstra, J. F., Rijsdijk, K. F., Shakesby, R. A. and McCarroll, D. 2009. Reinterpreting Rotherslade, Gower Peninsula: implications for the Last Glacial ice limits and Quaternary stratigraphy of the British Isles. Journal of Quaternary Science 24: 399–410.

Higham, T. F. G. 2011. European Middle and Upper Palaeolithic radiocarbon dates are often older than they look: problems with previous dates and some remedies. Antiquity 55: 235–249.

Higham, T. F. G., Jacobi, R. M. and Bronk Ramsey, C. 2006. AMS radiocarbon dating of bone from the European Palaeolithic using ultrafiltration. Radiocarbon 48: 179–195.

Higham, T. F. G., Jacobi, R., Julien, M., David, F., Basell, L., Wood, R. et al. 2010. Chronology of the Grotte du Renne (France) and implications for the context of ornaments and human remains within the Châtelperronian. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA) 107: 20234–20239.

Higham, T. F. G., Compten, T., Stringer, C., Jacobi, R., Shapiro, B. Trinkhaus, E. et al. (2011). The earliest evidence for anatomically modern humans in northwest Europe. Nature (doi: 10. 1038/nature 10484).

Hillson, S. W., Parfitt, S. A., Bello, S. M., Roberts, M. B. and Stringer, C. B. 2010. Two hominin incisor teeth from the Middle Pleistocene site of Boxgrove, West Sussex, England. Journal of Human Evolution 59: 493–503.

Hinout, J. 1997. Quelques aspects de l’épipaléolithique dans le Nord du Bassin Parisien. Bulletin de la Societé Préhistorique Française 94: 337–340.

Hinton, M. A. C. and Kennard, A. S. 1905. The relative ages of the stone implements of the Lower Thames valley. Proceedings of Geologists Association 19: 76–100.

Höck, C. 1993. Die frauenstatuetten des Magdalénien von Gönnerdorf und Andernach. Jahrbuch des Römisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseums Mainz 40: 253–316.

Hollin, J. T. 1977. Thames interglacial sites, Ipswichian sea-levels and Antarctic ice surges. Boreas 6: 33–52.

Holm, J. and Rieck, F. 1987. Die Hamburger Kultur in Dänemark. Archälogisches Korrespondenzblatt 17: 151–165.

Holman, J. A. 1998. The herpetofauna. In: Ashton, N. M., Lewis, S. G. and Parfitt, S. A. (eds), Excavations at the Lower Palaeolithic site at East Farm, Barnham, Suffolk 1989–94. London: British Museum Press, pp. 101–106.

Holman, J. A., Stuart, A. J. and Clayden, J. D. 1990. A Middle Pleistocene herpetofauna from Cudmore Grove, Essex, England, and its paleogeographic and paleoclimatic implications. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 10: 86–94.

Holmes, J. A., Atkinson, T. C., Darbyshire, D. P. F., Horne, D. J., Joordens, J., Roberts, M. B. et al. 2010. Middle Pleistocene climate and hydrological environment at Boxgrove hominin sites (West Sussex, UK) from ostracod records. Quaternary Science Reviews 29: 1515–1527.

Holyoak, D. T. 1983. A Late Pleistocene interglacial flora and molluscan fauna from Thatcham, Berkshire, with notes on Mollusca from interglacial deposits at Aveley, Essex. Geological Magazine 120: 823–829.

Hopkinson, T. 2007. The transition from the Lower to Middle Palaeolithic in Europe and the incorporation of difference. Antiquity 81: 294–307.

Hopkinson, T. and White, M. J. 2005. The Acheulean and the handaxe: structure and agency in the Palaeolithic. In: Gamble, C. and Porr, M. (eds), The Hominid Individual in Context: Archaeological Investigations of Lower and Middle Palaeolithic landscapes, locales and artefacts. London: Routledge, pp. 13–28.

Horton, A., Worsaam, B. C. and Whittow, J. B. 1981. The Wallingford Fan Gravel. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B293: 215–255.

Hosfield, R. 1999. The Palaeolithic of the Hampshire Basin: A Regional Model of Hominid Behavour during the Middle Pleistocene. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports British Series 286.

Hosfield, R. 2005. Individuals among palimpsest data: fluvial landscapes in Southern England. In: Gamble, C. and Porr, M. (eds), The Hominid Individual in Context: Archaeological Investigations of Lower and Middle Palaeolithic landscapes, locales and artefacts. London: Routledge, pp. 220–243.

Hosfield, R. 2011. The British Lower Palaeolithic of the early Middle Pleistocene. Quaternary Science Reviews 30: 1486–1510.

Hosfield, R., and Chambers, J. C. 2002. The Lower Palaeolithic site of Broom: geoarchaeological implications of optical dating. Lithics 23: 33–42.

Hosfield, R., Straker, V., Gardiner, P., Brown, A., Davies, P., Fyfe, R. et al. 2007. Palaeolithic and Mesolithic. In: Webster, C. J. (ed.) The Archaeology of South-West England: South West Archaeological Framework. Taunton: Somerset County Council, pp. 23–62.

Housley, R. 1991. AMS dates from the Lateglacial and early Postglacial in north-west Europe: a review. In: Barton, N., Roberts, A. J. and Roe, D. A. (eds), The Late-Glacial in North-West Europe: Human Adaptation and Environmental Change at the End of the Pleistocene. London: Council for British Archaeology, pp. 25–39.

Housley, R., Gamble, C., Street, M. and Pettitt, P. B. 1997. Radiocarbon evidence for the Lateglacial human recolonisation of Northern Europe. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 63: 25–54.

Housley, R., Gamble, C. and Pettitt, P. 2000. Reply to Blockley, Donahue and Pollard. Antiquity 74: 117–119.

Howard, A. J., Bridgland, D., Knight, D., McNabb, J., Rose, J., Schreve, D. et al. 2007. The British Pleistocene fluvial archive: East Midlands drainage evolution and human occupation in the context of the British and NW European record. Quaternary Science Reviews 26: 2724–2737.

Hubbard, A., Bradwell, T., Golledge, N., Hall, A., Patton, H., Sugden, D. et al. 2009. Dynamic cycles, ice systems and their impact on the extent, chronology and deglaciation of the British-Irish ice sheet. Quaternary Science Reviews 28: 758–776.

Hubbard, R. 1978. Pollen analysis of the Pleistocene deposits at Yiewsley. In: Collins, D. (ed.) Early Man in West Middlesex: the Yiewsley Palaeolithic Sites. London: HMSO, pp. 15–22.

Hubbard, R. 1982. The environmental evidence from Swanscombe and its implications for Palaeolithic Archaeology. In: Leach, P. E. (ed.), Archaeology in Kent to AD 1500. London: Council for British Archaeology Research Report 48, pp. 3–7.

Hubbard, R. 1996. The palynological studies from the Waechter excavations. In: Conway, B., McNabb, J. and Ashton, N. M. (eds), Excavations at Barnfield Pit, Swanscombe, 1968–72, British Museum Occasional Paper Number 94. London: British Museum Press, pp. 191–199.

Hublin, J.-J. and Roebroeks, W. 2009. Ebb and flow or regional extinctions? On the character of Neandertal occupation of northern environments. Comptes Rendus Palevol 8: 503–509.

Hublin, J.-J., Weston, D., Gunz, P., Richards, M., Roebroeks, W., Glimmerveen, J. et al. 2009. Out of the North Sea: the Zeeland Ridges Neandertal. Journal of Human Evolution 57: 777–785.

Huchet, A., Pautrat, Y. and Thévenin, A. 1996. Présences Ahrensburgiennes et Mésolithiques en Puisaye. In: Pautrat, Y. and Thévenin, A. (eds), Paléolithique Supérieur et Epipaléolithique dans le Nord-Est de la France. Dijon: Service Régional de l’Archéologie de Bourgogne, pp. 106–118.

Hughes, P. D. 2009. Loch Lomond Stadial (Younger Dryas) glaciers and climate in Wales. Geological Journal 44: 375–391.

Hughes, P. D. M., Kenward, H. K., Hall, A. R. and Large, F. D. 2000. A high-resolution record of mire development and climatic change spanning the Late-Glacial-Holocene boundary at Church Moss, Davenham (Cheshire, England). Journal of Quaternary Science 15: 697–724.

Hughes, T. M. and Thomas, D. R. 1874. On the occurrence of felstone implements of Le Moustier type in Pontnewydd cave, near Cefn, St. Asaph. Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland 3: 387–392.

Hunt, C. 1992. Pollen and algal microfossils from the High Lodge clayey-silts. In: Ashton, N. M., Lewis, S. G. and Rose, J. (eds), High Lodge; Excavations by G. de G. Sieveking 1962–68 and J. Cook 1988. London: British Museum Press, pp. 109–115.

Huntley, B. and Allen, P. 2003. Glacial Climates III: Palaeo-vegetation patterns in Late Glacial Europe. In: Van Andel, T. and Davies, W. (eds), Neanderthals and Modern Humans in the European Landscape During the Last Glaciation: Archaeological Results of the Stage 3 project. Cambridge: McDonald Institute, pp. 79–102.