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addiction, to psychedelics,
179Agrace Hospice and Palliative Care,
133altered states, non-use of term,
21anaconda, visionary, in South American indigenous religions,
87Andover-Newton Theological School,
31,
129antidepressive medication,
141,
183arc of experience,
24,
187art,
105; Hindu,
80; Renaissance,
85assumptions, metaphysical,
13–15astral body, non-use of term,
22atoms,
161; in external unity,
67attitudes, persisting positive changes,
5–6,
33–34awe,
xxi,
xxii,
12,
22,
32,
41,
52,
53,
63,
73–74,
79,
92,
106,
124,
151,
153,
156,
168,
171,
195,
205,
212ayahuasca,
20,
111,
123,
201; exploration of depths,
187; “Garden of Souls,”
50–51; “mansions of the soul” vision,
90–91; “medieval mountainside” vision,
53–54; safety of,
191; as teacher,
54,
87
Bannesteriopsis caapi,
163,
201
beauty,
xxi,
11,
14,
25,
30,
41,
52–54,
64–67,
73–74,
83,
89,
93,
102,
116–118,
151,
156,
164,
168,
212; lack of,
107–108,
197“boomerang” metaphor,
187born-again Christians,
46brain,
12–15,
52,
146–147; 5-H2A receptors, blood flow, oxygen content, and “default mode network” in the,
14–15; as reducing valve,
14Brazil, ayahuasca-using religions in,
163burning bush, in Exodus,
84,
93
cancer,
xxvii,
48,
130,
132,
141; deciding against experimental treatments,
129–130; neurological metastases,
183; reports of patients,
61–64,
87,
99–101,
104–106,
108–111,
197–198; treatment of psychological distress,
4,
47,
73cardiovascular arousal,
183Celestial Buddha Fields,
211Central Intelligence Agency (CIA),
3chi-body, non-use of term,
22Christ consciousness,
41,
49civilizations, development of,
50–51classification, of psychedelics,
203climate, therapeutic,
188cocaine addiction,
150; treatment of,
140cognitive-behavioral techniques,
140“common core” of experiences,
10communication,
207; with other life forms,
72; with others,
129,
134–135; with words,
24-26
compassion,
xxi,
15,
27,
34,
55–56,
74,
89,
93,
123,
197completeness, degrees of,
12conflicts, cultural,
202,
208; psychological, resolution of,
86,
92,
100,
116,
132,
182,
185,
187control: focused,
54; relinquishing of,
16,
60,
64,
107–108,
112,
117–118,
182,
186,
197Controlled Substances Act,
6controversy, about psychedelics,
32,
82,
120creeds, Christian,
27,
171crucifixion,
15; meaning of,
94cultish tendencies,
27–28
dark night of the soul,
34,
171decision, role of, in Evangelical Protestantism,
173–174deeply-felt positive mood,
10deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA),
14Diplopterys cabrerana,
163
dipropyltryptamine (DPT),
12,
21,
24,
141; experience of cancer patients,
47–48,
99–102,
202; of narcotic addicts,
80–81; and “United Nations” vision,
92diversity,
19; respect for,
43d-lysergic acid diethylamide.
See LSDDortmund, bombing of,
202dosage,
15,
29,
32,
52,
54,
68,
108,
115–116,
140,
149–150,
152,
185,
198dreams: lucid,
53; Pahnke’s premonition of death in,
76–77double-blind methodology,
5,
23–24,
Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA),
4,
121,
200drugs: meaning of word,
18; varieties of,
18
ecstasy,
32–33,
89; extrovertive and introvertive,
59ego: dissolution of,
xxi,
25,
40,
48,
54,
59–61,
65,
67,
170,
189; inflation of,
44–45; limitations of,
196; of therapist,
144Elusinian mystery religions,
49,
154,
214energy,
xxi,
44–46,
51–52,
144,
169,
171,
186,
211; electrical,
48; negative,
111; in physics,
14,
47,
205entheogen: definition of,
19; use of term,
20environment, degradation of,
51,
162Episcopal Protestantism,
175etheric body, non-use of term,
22ethics, development of,
43,
56,
142evolution, spiritual,
51,
208; of species,
72excellence, striving towards,
15existential intelligence,
152Experimentelles Katatymes Bilderleben (EkB),
158
fear,
16,
85–87,
101,
118,
111,
115,
117–118,
188; of awakening,
163,
200; loss of fear of death,
47–48,
60–61; of joy,
197; of not fearing death,
128; of the unknown,
196feminine manifestation of the divine,
81Food and Drug Administration (FDA),
4,
6–7,
180,
200freedom,
xxix,
26,
35,
50–51,
72,
76–77,
132; of religion,
28,
177,
208
gender,
26; God in feminine manifestation,
81God: concepts of,
41; in feminine manifestation,
81; names of,
41–42; personal and nonpersonal,
43–44; unity with,
44,
58,
170; variations of meaning,
41gods and goddesses,
53,
79ground luminosity of pure awareness,
211guardian figures, as guides,
92Guided Affective Imagery (GAI),
158–159Guided Imagery with Music (GIM),
158–159guides, in psychedelic sessions,
5,
31; qualifications and training,
188–189,
191
hallucinations,
95; example of,
186; rarity of,
19hallucinogen persisting perceptual disorder (HPPD),
181–182hallucinogens, term as misnomer,
19heaven,
40,
49,
51,
53,
59,
64,
71,
86,
89,
91,
134,
171,
211heroin,
150; comparison with LSD,
18higher reaches of human nature,
17historical documents, study of,
12–13,
127history,
51,
105, 229; perspective on,
xxihospices,
133; possible future use of entheogens in,
47hospitalization, psychiatric,
77
Imperial College, London,
7,
141,
146indifference, to labels for God,
41–42injustice, social,
51,
55insights, during mystical consciousness,
39,
41Institutional Review Board (IRB),
4,
200,
209integration: of personality,
54,
87,
92,
115,
131; of psychedelic experiences,
19,
123–125,
143,
178,
190–191intensity,
39; degrees of,
27,
64interrelationships, within consciousness,
63,
161interspirituality,
42,
175interviews, follow-up,
190intuition, of sacredness,
33; as a way of knowing,
40Iran, study of mystics in,
59irrational experience,
40,
54Islam,
xxi,
10,
44,
51,
53,
81,
85,
90,
172,
175isolation (interpersonal),
47
Jehovah,
41; as personal lord,
51,
211Jesus: in biblical interpretation,
94,
176; historical,
175; as personal lord,
51,
211Johns Hopkins School of Medicine,
4,
7,
47,
59,
83,
92,
124,
146,
181,
188–189; first psilocybin study,
4–6joy,
32,
57,
60,
73,
91,
128,
134,
156,
183,
197judgment, of God,
41,
127
language: in different disciplines,
14; in different religions,
42–43; frontiers of,
25; limitations of,
xxii,
24–26,
41,
44,
52,
58–59,
69–70,
89,
128; music as,
155–156; structural problems of,
25–26leadership, in wake of mystical consciousness,
33,
84–85legal status of psychedelics,
177; frontiers of legality,
208–209; in Louisiana,
201; in New Mexico,
192light,
44,
66,
84,
85,
89–91,
93–94,
128,
136; blue,
89; damaged by,
154; of DNA,
161; white,
74,
91,
118“lord,” various contexts of word,
51,
170,
211lore, about psychedelics,
23lotus,
84; in Buddhist chant,
158; lotus throne,
65love,
xxi,
11,
15,
26,
32,
48,
51–52,
74,
89,
93–94,
116–118,
124,
142,
144–145,
151,
172,
207–208,
211; in relationships,
135; as unconditioned imperative,
55–56LSD,
xv,
3,
7,
12,
20–21,
24,
143; and Aldous Huxley’s death,
133; author’s first experience,
81–83; Christian experiences and,
80–81,
93–94; comparison with heroin,
18; dosage,
162; experience in Dante’s world,
87–89; experience of cancer patients,
104–106,
197–198; experiences of narcotic addicts,
18,
80,
116–117,
186; external unity experience,
65–66; Hindu experiences and,
80; irrational attitudes toward,
21,
119,
179–181; marketing of,
xx; Pahnke’s first experience,
73–74; prolonged reactions,
184–185; sensationalistic publicity,
179; training project,
81; in treatment of alcoholism,
64,
83,
117–118,
140,
167; veils in fireplace experience,
102–103lysergic acid amide (LSA),
201
“mansions of the soul,”
90–91maturation, spiritual,
143“Mazatec god” experience,
82MDA. See methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA)
medicine: broad usage of,
18; psychedelics as,
19memory,
10,
25–26,
30,
33,
43,
53–54,
72,
116,
131,
143mental health professionals, study with,
xxvii,
80–81mental illness, visions during,
95mescaline,
xv,
20,
45; historical use of,
7; legality of,
177; safety of,
184Methodist Protestantism,
xxi,
44methlenedioxyamphetamine (MDA),
12,
21,
144methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA),
22–23methylphenidate (Ritalin),
5mood, deeply-felt positive,
10motivational enhancement therapy,
141Multidisciplinary Association of Psychedelic Studies (MAPS),
23,
148mushrooms: in cave paintings,
7; legal status of,
181; in religious history,
xix,
84,
91,
201; varieties containing psilocybin,
153,
164,
181mystical consciousness,
xxi,
10–11; as delusion or defense mechanism,
45mysticism: Eastern and Western,
169; study of,
13,
58–59
Native American Church,
20,
177navigation, principles of,
9near-death experiences,
136neo-orthodox theology,
31New Mexico, 2005 appeals court ruling,
192nicotine addiction: attitudes towards,
203; treatment of,
140–141,
150non-drug facilitators of alternate states,
12nonmystical forms of psychedelic experience,
15–16nonrational experience,
40,
54
objectivity and reality,
39obsessive-compulsive disorder,
122Orthodox Christianity,
44Overeaters Anonymous,
125
palliative care, possible future use of entheogens in,
47patterns, abstract visionary/geometric,
xxi,
15,
52,
63,
161Pentecostal Christian experiences,
46perceptual transformations,
29,
63; of mushroom stone,
81–83; of music,
66–67; of rose,
65–66; of table leg,
66perennial philosophy,
10–11performance: alternative states in artistic,
12,
33; alternative states in athletic,
12personality structure,
27,
55personality theory, openness,
55personal unconscious,
115physical distress, meaning in,
108–112physicists,
147; similarity of perspectives with mystics,
47physics,
14,
47,
147, frontiers of thought,
xxviii,
69,
70,
160,
164,
205pillars of religious life,
27–28prayer,
27,
51; as instinct,
52precognition,
72; of Pahnke’s death,
70–74prejudicial terms, of psychedelics,
21preparation for psychedelic experiences,
188–189; importance of,
8; lack of,
15–16press, sensationalistic,
xxixprimary religious experiences,
26–27prison policy initiative,
142privacy, of religious experiences,
16–18protoplasm, purposive qualities of,
42Psilocybe cubensis,
54,
164
psilocybin,
xix–xx,
11,
24,
30,
107,
123,
147; advantages of
21; current religious use,
7,
20,
183–184; derivatives of,
30; first Hopkins psilocybin study,
5–6; in Good Friday Experiment,
31; indigenous use,
xix,
20; marketing of,
xix; metabolism of,
14–15; in palliative care,
47; reports of cancer patients,
61–65; synthesis of,
xix,
20; in treatment of alcohol addiction,
140–141; in treatment of cocaine addiction,
150; in treatment of depression,
141; in treatment of nicotine addiction,
140; in treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder,
149psyche, non-use of term,
22psychedelic: origin of term,
xx; definition,
xxixpsychedelic experience: nonmystical forms,
15–16; problems in definition,
19–20; varieties of,
xxvii,
16psychedelic research: author’s involvement in,
xx–xxii,
xxvii; dormant period,
3–4; early history of,
xix,
3psychedelics: estimated usage,
7; as medicine,
19; as skeleton keys,
23psychiatry, biological,
96psychodelytic therapy,
115psychotherapy: with alcoholics,
117–118; with cancer patients,
47–48,
61–64,
99–102,
104–106,
108–111; dissolving obstacles,
56,
144; existential/transpersonal,
xxviii; with narcotic addicts,
80,
116–117pure consciousness event (PCE),
10
range, of alternative states,
23reality,
73,
128,
153–154,
204; of mystical states,
xxi–xxii,
33,
39; ultimate,
10–11,
26,
42,
50,
65rebirth,
64; psychological,
78relationship, personal, with God,
44,
46,
52relevance, of God concepts,
41religion: definition of,
28; dissatisfaction with institutional forms,
28; place of experience within,
26–28religious professionals, studies with,
xxviiretreat centers, entheogens in,
178,
209rose: as archetype,
83–84; external unity with,
65–55; infinite rose garden,
99–101; perceptual transformations by addicts,
83–84
safety,
21,
44,
61,
68,
87,
192,
203; physiological,
179–184; psychological,
84–191; in religious communities,
191St. Peter’s Basilica,
175Sandoz Pharmaceutical Company,
xix–xxSaskatchewan, Canada, LSD research in,
83scheduling, of drugs,
4,
6,
203science, limitations of,
xxiscriptures: interpretation of,
170; origins of,
173; references to body,
13; to unity,
42secondary religious experiences,
26–27seduction, by the divine,
60Sikh,
175; Golden Temple at Amritsar,
56–57Sinai Hospital, Baltimore,
105,
203sleep deprivation,
12,
84social pressures,
3,
104,
114; independence of,
35social structures, existing,
34sociopathic personality disorders,
141–142soul, non-use of term,
22Space Telescope Institute, at Johns Hopkins University,
205spirit, non-use of term,
22spiritual development, interest in,
35spirituality, definition of,
15,
28stereotypes: of arrogant ego,
59; cultural,
56–57struggle,
50; in wars,
172subjective experience,
40subtle-body, non-use of term,
22subject-object dichotomy,
78substance, in cognition,
72suggestion, role of,
11,
31,
35symphony, metaphor of cosmic,
67
teaching, in alternative states,
86telescopes, abuse of,
206testing, psychological,
55,
59Thalidomide tragedies,
180Tibetan Book of the Dead,
121,
127transcendence,
55; transparency to,
145transcendent function,
143transformation: of environmental perceptions,
65–66,
82–84; of images,
86transpersonal, levels of consciousness,
60trust,
15,
35,
51,
59–61,
95,
100,
107–108,
110–112,
127,
136,
142,
187,
197,
211
União do Vegetal (UDV),
163,
191; legality of,
177United Nations,
208; treaties,
3unity,
10,
49,
58,
81,
212; Atman/ Brahman,
43–44,
170; with breast,
40; external,
65–68,
84,
169; internal,
59–65,
169; introvertive/extrovertive,
59,
73; with music,
66–67,
116University of Göttingen,
xix,
166universality: of archetypes,
79; of mystical experiences,
17unpredictability,
16,
198U.S. Constitution,
28,
177
vocabulary, limitations of,
25,
106
white light,
91,
118; in Pahnke’s LSD experience,
74Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU),
198