The pagination of this electronic edition does not match the edition from which it was created. To locate a specific entry, please use your e-book reader’s search tools.
activists
diversity among, 173–74
organization as key to, 174
See also specific people or organizations
Adams, Cyrus Field, 71, 94, 103, 177, 213, 239–40, 249, 259, 264, 275
Adams, John Quincy, 103, 104, 239
Addams, Jane, 354
Adler, Cyrus, 157
African Methodist Episcopal Church
and McKinley oath of office, 144
and Murray honorary degree, 357
African Methodist Episcopal Church (Baltimore), 9–10. See also Bethel African Methodist Episcopal (AME) Church (Baltimore)
Afro-American Bureau (Republican National Committee), 140–41
Afro-American League, 174–75
Afro-American Ledger, 292, 294
Afro-American, 124–25, 143
Agriculture and Technology College (North Carolina), 314
Alexandria, Virginia: lynching in, 203
Allen, Richard, 9
Allison, James, 40
Allison, William B., 134–35, 157, 217, 301
Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity, 291, 313, 314, 400–401
Alvord, Thomas, 153, 154
American Antiquarian Society, 231n
American Civilization and the Negro (Roman), 253
American Medical Association, 69
American Motherhood, 298
American Negro Academy (ANA), 32, 125, 207, 236, 351–52
American Negro Exhibit
at Pan-American Exposition (Buffalo, New York), 235–36
at Paris Exposition, 223–29, 241
American Negro Historical Society, 236, 348–49, 351
American Revolution, 33
Amphion Glee Club, 287
Anderson, Marian, 395–96
Anna Murray Aid Society (Des Moines, Iowa), 190
Anti-Saloon League, 370
Appeal, 103, 220, 239, 354
Appiah, Kwame Anthony, 393
Appo, Helen. See Cook, Helen Appo
Appropriations Committee, US Senate: Murray (Anna) appearances before, 134–35, 394
Archer, Wyatt, 33, 85, 97, 100, 116, 164, 276
Arlington Hotel (Washington)
Board of Trade receptions at, 117–18, 152
Cosmos Club banquet at, 120
discrimination at, 161–62
National Congress of Mothers meeting at, 131
Armory of the Washington Light Infantry: McKinley inaugural ball at, 220
Armour Institute of Technology, 190–91
Armstrong Manual Training School (Washington, DC), 270, 289, 312, 314, 330, 345, 348, 357, 371, 398, 400
Armstrong, Samuel C., 270
Army, US, 359
Arthur, Chester, 82–83
assimilation
and black elites, 4, 68–69, 93, 408–9
of European immigrants, 248
and increase in discrimination/segregation, 248
Murray views about, 3, 216–17, 413, 415
assistant district assessors, 194–95, 202
Associated Publishers, 393
Association for Childhood Education, 397
Association for the Study of Negro Life and History (ASNLH), 351, 377
Astwood, H. C. C., 161–62, 167, 193–94
Atlanta, Georgia: race riots in, 319
Atlanta University, 121, 173, 328–29, 342
Attucks, Crispus, 33, 46, 59, 395
Augusta Chronicle, 292, 293
Babbitt, Dean R., 278
Bachelors Ball (Washington, DC), 72
Bachelors’ Social Club (Washington, DC), 31–32
backsliding
blocking the, 169–71
examples of, 4, 159–68
Baker, Frazier, 175, 252
Baker, Julia, 175, 252
Baker, Newton D., 359
Baltimore Afro-American, 325–26, 329, 372
Baltimore, Maryland
and Civil War, 12–14
Murray childhood/youth in, 7, 10–17, 279
Murray family relocation to, 8
See also Cherry Heights
Baltimore News, 292
Baltimore Sun, 89–90
Barbadoes, Frederick G., 33, 97, 100, 232
Barber, J. Max, 317
Barnett, Ferdinand L., 140
Barrow, Joe Louis, 392
Barry Farm (District of Columbia), 15
Basil (storyteller), 10–11
Bay Ridge Resort (Maryland): discrimination at, 162
Behind the Scenes, or, Thirty Years a Slave and Four Years in the White House (Keckley), 231
Bentley, Charles E., 151, 213, 249–50, 315, 354, 373, 387
Bentley, Florence Lewis, 151, 213, 373
Bernays, Robert C., 124
Bernays School of Music (Washington), 124
Bethel African Methodist Episcopal (AME) Church (Baltimore), 8–9, 11, 99
Bethel Literary and Historical Association, 97, 125, 165–66, 190, 236, 252, 282
Bethel, Tom, 310
Bethune, Mary McLeod, 397
Birney, Arthur A., 332
The Birth of a Nation (movie), 355–56, 388
Bishop, William W., 326, 391
black elites
assimilation of, 4, 68–69, 93, 408–9
backsliding of, 159–71, 373
biases of, 67, 71, 217–18, 409
caricatures of, 71
charitable works of, 70
children of, 268, 384–86
and class issues, 62, 70, 186, 217–18
cliques among, 101, 288–89
clubs of, 97–98
criticisms of, 69–70, 73, 380
discrimination/segregation against, 4, 161–71, 264–65, 384–85
discrimination/segregation by, 217–18
dissension within, 91
and “double consciousness,” 413
exclusivity of, 67
exemplary behavior of, 168, 186, 413
goal of, 68
income sources for, 84–85
insularity of, 218
intermarriage among, 297
leisure time activities of, 218–19
in modern society, 409
Murrays as exemplars of, 71–72
networking by, 69, 103
and politics, 90–91
protectiveness of, 67
rise and disillusionment of, 4, 5–6, 62–80, 90, 159–71, 373, 407–12
as role models, 68, 70, 409
self-image of, 70, 413
and skin color, 67, 71, 217–18, 409
socializing by, 372–74
themes at gatherings of, 296
Tyler article about, 341–42
vacations of, 88–89, 409
wealth of, 111–12
and white fathers, 67
and white patronage, 69
white reactions to, 68–69
See also specific people or topics
black history
and personalization of narratives of lived experiences, 407
and primacy of “printer’s ink,” 412–13
See also specific people or topics
black history movement, 232–33, 295–96, 351, 393, 414, 415
black-people-only occasions, 78
Black Renaissance, 381
black troops
in Brownsville, 306–7, 308, 319
in Civil War, 31, 55–56, 74, 197, 245, 405, 414
discrimination/segregation of, 241–47, 359–60
and GAR annual encampment, 241–47
McKinley authorization for, 201
McKinley-Marshall discussion about, 200–201
officers of, 198
for Philippines, 199
and Spanish-American War, 196–99
in World War I, 359–60
Blackburn, Joseph, 294–95
blacks
conceptions of inferiority, 233
stereotyping of, 407–8
“undiluted,” 257–58
See also specific people, organizations, or topics
Blake, Eubie, 347–48
blanket shawls, Harpers Ferry, 215–16
Blyden, Edward, 100
Board of Assessment and Taxation, 181, 195
Board of Commissioners: Murray (Anna) appearance before, 127
Board of Education
black woman appointment to, 127
and Bruce (Roscoe) case, 362–63, 364
and commercial training for colored youth, 312
and discrimination against black teachers, 300
Evans (Bruce) appointment to, 270
and Evans (Bruce) case, 329–33
and Gregory-Murray relationship, 101–3
and manual training, 114, 115
Murray (Anna) promotion for, 301
Murray (Anna) speech before, 393
Murray hopes for appointment to, 209–10
proposal for popular election of members of, 372
See also Bureau of Education
Board of Trade
appointments to, 109
elections of 1896 and, 137–38
functions/activities of, 109, 116, 117, 152
and industrial/manual education, 114, 115
Marshall Hall excursions for, 116–17
membership of, 116, 241
and Murray as delegate to Republican National Convention, 210
Murray as member of, 110, 216, 388
networking among members of, 118
and public library, 112–13, 270–71
and Republican Party, 137–38
and taxation issues, 109–10
Bolivar, William Carl, 327, 349, 353, 375, 412
Bon-Bon-Buddies club, 268
Book Lovers and Art Club, 296
Boston Colored Citizen, 324, 328
Boston, Massachusetts: NAACP branch in, 354–55
Boy Scouts, 289
Bradford, James T., 76, 97, 100, 116, 141, 274
Bradshaw, Aaron, 371–72
Brent, Calvin, 31, 75
Brent, Linda, 231
Brodie, Albert K., 79–80
Brodie, George, 80
Brooks, Eugene, 372
Brown, Edward E., 203, 205, 206, 207
Brown, John
DuBois biography about, 318
grave of, 214, 215
and Harpers Ferry raid, 35, 51–54, 56, 71, 107, 216, 317–18, 407
John Brown Day, 317
Murray (Anna) speech about, 394
and Murray/Evans family heritage, 407
remains of foot soldiers of, 214–15
See also Harpers Ferry
Brown, John Jr., 51–52
“brown paper bag test,” 218
Brown, Sterling N., 242, 244
Browne, Hugh, 114–15
Browning, Robert, 254, 255, 293
Brownsville, Texas: black troops incident in, 306–7, 308, 319
Bruce, Blanche, 62, 65–66, 73–74, 80, 90, 97, 100, 103, 121, 169, 241, 312
Bruce, John E. “Bruce Grit,” 155, 184, 207, 209, 212–13, 327, 349, 351, 352
Bruce, Josephine Willson, 65–66, 73–74, 80, 121, 127, 131, 155–56, 218, 258–59, 312, 342
Bruce, Roscoe, 312, 313, 330–33, 361–64, 385
Bryan, William Jennings, 211
Buchanan v. Warley (1917), 356
Buffalo, New York
Murray visit to, 235–36, 267
Pan-American Exposition at, 235–36
building trade, Murray activities in, 85, 114, 270
Bureau of Education
and bibliography of works authored by black Americans, 225, 231
See also Board of Education
Bureau of Engraving and Printing, 371
Burroughs, Nannie H., 342, 386, 397
Bushnell, Simeon, 49, 50
businesses, black-owned
and blocking of backward slide, 169–71
and discrimination, 170, 266
growth of, 274
and local transportation, 266
and NAAC concerns, 177–78
in U Street neighborhood, 345
See also specific person or business
Butler, Ella (niece), 15, 95, 267–68
Butler, Ellen Proctor (half-sister), 15, 30, 76–77, 95, 267–68, 272
Butler, James, 15
Bystander (Des Moines), 187, 352
Calloway, Pearl. See Murray, Pearl Calloway
Calloway, Thomas J., 224, 225, 227, 228, 237, 302, 305
Cambridge Manual Training School for Boys (Massachusetts), 123
Camp Banneker (Boy Scout camp), 289
Camp Pleasant, 342
Cannon, Poppy, 403
Capital Savings Bank, 116, 273–74
Capitol
Chandler walking stick presentation at, 217
description of, 17–18
and Library of Congress space, 86, 108, 148, 149–50, 154, 156, 217
restaurants in, 17, 18, 335–36, 337
War of 1812 and, 20–21
Cardozo Business High School (Washington, DC), 398
Carnegie, Andrew, 113, 271, 375
Carnegie Hall: Clef Club Orchestra at, 311–12
Carnegie Institution, 375
Carnegie Public Library
Murray Collection at, 295
and Washington race war, 367
See also public library, Washington
Carolinian (Fayetteville, NC), 54
Carreno Club, 97
Carson, Perry H., 138, 139–40
Carter, Ariana, 79
Catholic University, 384
cemeteries, 163–64. See also specific cemeteries
census, 182
Chandler, William E., 217
Charleston, North Carolina: Inter-State and West Indian Exposition at, 236
Chase, Calvin, 237, 244–45, 283
Cheatham, Henry P., 95, 180
Cherry Heights (Maryland): Murray property interests in, 325, 371, 399, 400
Chesnutt, Charles, 255
Chicago, Illinois
Murray (Anna) visits to, 190–91, 342, 373
NAACP branch in, 354
Chicago Institute, 190–91
Chicago Tribune, 140–41
Chicago Women’s Club, 190
Church, Mary. See Terrell, Mary Church
Church, Robert R., 100
churches
emotional displays at black, 71
political meetings in, 138–39
See also specific churches
Civic Ball (Masonic Hall): Washington birthday celebration at, 24, 25
civil rights, 3, 167, 169, 173–74, 206, 407, 411, 415. See also specific organizations, constitutional amendments, legislation, or court decisions
Civil Rights Act (1866), 64
Civil Rights Act (1875), 64–65, 160
Civil Service Commission, 371
civil service reform, 118–20, 144
Civil War
in Baltimore, 12–14
black elites prior to, 408
black troops in, 31, 55–56, 74, 197, 245, 405, 414
Harpers Ferry as catalyst for, 54
Murray role in, 13–14
Slaughter collection of books about, 353
class issues
and black elites, 62, 70, 186, 217–18
discrimination and, 264
and geographic divisions in Washington, 380–81
Murray and, 3–4, 179
NAAC and, 179
and U Street neighborhood, 346
and “uplift” activities, 4
women reformers and, 186
Clef Club Symphony Orchestra, 310–12
Cleveland Gazette, 91, 125, 152, 324, 329
Cleveland, Grover, 90–91, 137
Cleveland, Ohio: Murray visit to, 235–36, 267
Cleveland Plain Dealer, 221, 265, 359
clubs
of black elites, 97–98
See also specific clubs
Coalson, William, 143
Coker, Daniel, 9
Coleridge-Taylor, Samuel, 254, 285–86, 311
Coleridge-Taylor Society, 285, 286
Colored American, The (Washington, DC, newspaper)
and Adams appointment to Treasury Department, 240
and backsliding of blacks in Washington, 160
“Bill of Grievances” in, 199–200
and black troops issues, 197, 199
and children of black elites, 384
Cooper as editor and publisher of, 126, 176
and discrimination issues, 205–6, 247–48, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266
and GAR annual encampment, 243, 245, 247
and Grand Theater discrimination, 205–6
and Green reception for Myers, 211
and Interstate Commerce Law, 264
and Irwin bill, 262, 263
and Jamestown Exposition, 305
John E. Bruce article about Murray in, 209
and Lincoln-Murray kiss incident, 13
and manual training school, 270
and Murray (Anna) activism, 269
Murray (Anna) article in, 187–88, 190
Murray (Dannie) comments in, 213
and NAAC/American Negro Academy reception, 207
NAAC articles in, 184
and Pen and Pencil Club, 275, 276
and Republican National Convention (1900) delegates, 210
and White NAAC banquet, 178
Colored American, The—and Murray
and 52nd birthday celebration, 275–76
and Murray as “Sage of Negro Bibliography,” 236
Murray caricature in, 276
and Murray colored authors project, 269
and Murray reputation, 238
and Murray writings, 202, 232, 233, 293
Murray writings in, 199–200, 201, 206
racial hierarchy theory, 259–60
Colored American Council, 369
Colored American Magazine, The
Adams (Cyrus Field) biographical sketch in, 240
and anti-lynching bill, 205
Moore as editor of, 239
Murray (Henry) article in, 289–90, 343
and Murray biography, 153, 252–53
Murray featured in, 114
Murray writings in, 240, 253–54, 255–57, 295
Tyler article about black elites in, 341–42
Colored Man’s Reminiscences of James Madison, A (Jennings), 230–31
Colored Ministerial Union, 242–44
Colored Woman’s League (CWL), 127–28, 129, 130–31, 132, 133, 134, 185, 219
Conference for the Study of the Negro Problems, 342
Congress, US
and anti-lynching bill, 203, 205, 208, 388
and backsliding of blacks, 166–67
black members of, 65, 90, 95, 141, 166–67, 178, 388
and civil service reform, 119
and discrimination/segregation in Washington, 265–66, 347
Graceland Cemetery ruling by, 163
and home rule in DC, 167, 321
and Industrial Commission, 181
and industrial/manual education proposal, 113, 115
and Irwin bill, 262–63
and Jim Crow laws, 267
and Library of Congress, 87, 88, 93, 146, 147
McKinley annual message (1898) to, 193
Murray (Anna) appearances before, 189–90, 394
Murray appearance before, 81
NAAC and, 181–82, 202, 262–63
and National Association for the Relief of Destitute Colored Women and Children, 136
and National Sociological Society resolutions, 278
and public library proposal, 112–13, 272
publication of Murray encyclopedia by, 377
reduction in representatives in, 182, 204, 206, 221
and Washington expenses, 109–10
See also specific legislation or members of Congress
Congress, US—appropriations of
for American Negro Exhibit at Paris Exhibition, 224
for black education, 81
for Emancipation Proclamation celebration, 350
for Jamestown Ter-Centennial Exposition, 301–2
for kindergartens, 134, 189–90
for public library, 272
Congressional Record, 208
Conservatory of Music (Washington, DC): NAAC meeting at, 206–7
Constitution Hall: Anderson (Marian) performance at, 395
Constitution, US, 410. See also specific amendments
Convention Hall: inaugural ball (1921) at, 372–73
Samuel Coleridge-Taylor at, 186
Convocation of Washington, 83–84
Cook, George F. T., 62, 63, 116
Cook, Helen Appo, 63, 127–28, 185
Cook, John F., Jr., 16, 26, 88, 127, 220, 276
Cook, John F., Sr., 62, 63
Cook, Will Marion, 311, 347
Cooper, Anna J., 127, 132
Cooper, Edward E., 13, 126, 176, 177, 207, 208, 237, 276
Copeland, Delilah Evans, 40, 42, 53–54, 55
Copeland, John A. (Delilah’s husband), 40, 42, 55
Copeland, John A., Jr. (Delilah’s son), 35, 40, 42, 46, 47, 48–49, 51–54, 317
Corcoran, W. W., 25
Cornell University
discrimination/segregation at, 385
Fauset as graduate of, 382
as land-grant institution, 314
and Murray encyclopedia, 328–29
Murray (Harold) at, 314, 342, 347, 348, 354, 357, 358
Murray (Nat) at, 290, 291, 313, 342
Murray (Paul) at, 357, 371, 396
Terrell (Mary Church) lecture at, 290–91
Cortelyou, George B., 201
Cosmos Club (colored), 220–21, 289
Cosmos Club (white), 119–20
Cox, Bettie. See Francis, Bettie Cox
Crisis, The (NAACP), 329, 343, 353, 355, 377, 385, 388
Critic-Record, 91
Croatans: in North Carolina, 35–36, 38, 39
Cromwell, Fannie, 268
Cromwell, John W., 32, 33, 73–74, 155, 163, 164, 232, 237, 268, 327, 349, 351–52, 353
Crummell, Alexander, 30, 32, 33, 72, 75, 81, 83–84, 125, 232, 233, 258, 351
Crumpacker, Edgar, 182, 204, 206, 221
Cuba: Murray (Harold) in, 357–58
Cullen, Countee, 381
cultural pluralism, 413
Curtis, Austin M., 271, 276
Custis, George Washington Parke, 79
Cyclopedia of American Literature (Stoddard), 230
Dancy, John C., 237, 276
Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR), 395, 396
Davis, Benjamin O., Jr., 198
Davis, Harrison, 164
Dawes, Charles G., 224
Day, John Brown, 317
day nurseries, 133, 185
Declaration of Independence, 19, 410
Democratic Party: and Irwin bill, 263
Demonet, Jules, 373
Dent, Josiah, 83
Des Moines, Iowa
Murray (Anna) in, 186–88, 190
National Congress of Mothers convention (1900) in, 186–88
Dewey, George
escort committee for, 1–3, 4–5, 6, 216
and Spanish-American War, 197
Diamond Back Club, 97–98, 100
Dickinson, Jacob M., 320
discrimination/segregation
and Anderson (Marian) case, 395–96
and assimilation, 248
and backsliding of blacks, 4, 161–71
and black elites, 217–18, 264–65, 384–85
by black-owned businesses, 170, 266
and black progress, 4, 5
of black troops, 241–47, 359–60
and boycott plan, 212–13
and children of black elites, 384–85
and class issues, 264
in election laws, 208
in Europe, 248, 249
and GAR annual encampment, 241–47
in government offices/public places, 334–37
Hart v. State of Maryland and, 266–67
and health care, 396
and home rule in DC, 321–22
increase in, 241–50
and Jamestown Exposition, 304–5
legalization of, 159, 160–61, 166–67
and Murray death, 388
Murray views about, 212, 280–83
and NAAC, 179, 205–6, 212, 319, 410
and NAACP, 356
as National Sociological Society topic, 277
and Roosevelt inauguration, 288
in South, 266, 410
in Washington, 321–22, 333–34, 337–39, 345–47, 369–70, 397–98
and “white flight,” 333
See also specific areas of discrimination/segregation—e.g., hotels, legislation, or instances
District of Columbia. See Washington, DC
District Public School Association, 394
Donnelly and Sons, 326–27, 328
Dorsey property (Maryland), 370, 371, 399
“double consciousness,” 413–14
Douglass, Charles R., 26, 100, 141, 162, 218, 245, 247, 276, 296
Douglass, Frederick
and Adams (J. Q.) dinner, 103
and backsliding of blacks, 166
and black history movement, 232
and blacks as Americans, 1
Cleveland and, 90
death of, 169
and Diamond Back Club, 98
and gentlemen-only occasions, 100
and John Brown Memorial Association, 107
and National Mechanical and Industrial Institute, 81
Pen and Pencil Club honoring of, 237–38, 275
and Pennsylvania Emancipation Exposition, 350
and Pinchback dinner, 26
preservation of home (Cedar Hill) of, 295–96
and Republican politics, 90
socializing by, 76, 100
Douglass, Lewis H., 26, 100, 163, 164, 245
Douglass Memorial Home Fund, 296
Downing, George T., 18, 31
Dred Scott decision (1857), 47
DuBois, W. E. B.
as activist, 173–74
and American Negro Academy, 207, 351
and American Negro Exhibit at Paris Exhibition, 228–29
and black history, 389
Brown (John) biography by, 318
and Conference for the Study of the Negro Problems, 342
as The Crisis editor, 353
and discrimination issues, 336, 360
and disillusionment of Negro people, 408
and “double consciousness,” 413–14
educational background of, 173
and Emancipation Proclamation celebrations, 350–51
and Harlem Renaissance, 381
as Harvard graduate, 385
influence on Murray of, 282
and Jamestown Exposition, 305
Murray (Anna) letter to, 388
Murray as partisan of, 282
and Murray writings, 324, 327, 377–78, 388, 391
and NAAC, 204, 207, 315
and NAACP, 319, 353, 354
and Negro Society for Historical Research, 349
New York Public Library speech of, 394
and Niagara Movement, 315, 319
and race riots, 368
“The Star of Ethiopia” pageant by, 350–51
“talented tenth” concept of, 409
and Washington (Booker T.), 173–74, 315
writings of, 230, 391–92, 393, 413–14
writing style of, 391
Dukehart, Eugenia. See Proctor, Eugenia Dukehart
Dumas, Alexandre, fils, 254
Dumas, Alexandre, père, 254
Dunbar, Alice, 158–59, 211
Dunbar High School, 345–46, 371, 398
Dunbar, Paul Laurence, 67, 68, 70, 101, 155–56, 158–59, 176, 211, 220, 230, 237, 258, 295–96
early childhood education, 135, 185, 186, 189, 191, 298. See also kindergartens
Early, Jubal, 13
Ebbitt House (Washington, DC): segregation at, 161
economic factors
and blocking the backward slide, 169–71
and Washington’s ideology, 173
“Educated Colored Men and White Women” (Henry Murray), 289–90, 343
education
of black elites, 67
and characteristics of Murray family, 103
funding for black, 81
land-grant, 314
and NAAC concerns, 171
and physical education programs, 120–21
See also Board of Education; early childhood education; kindergartens; public schools; specific schools
Eighteenth Amendment, 370
8th Illinois Regiment, 308
elections of 1896, 137–44
elections of 1900, 209–10, 211
elections of 1904, 287
elections of 1908, 306–8
elections of 1920, 372
electoral college, 182
“Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard” (Gray), 290
Elks Lodge, W. Bruce Evans, 394
Ellington, Edward “Duke,” 348, 379
Emancipation Proclamation, 4, 16, 55, 56, 225, 292, 297, 339, 349–51, 411
emigration: of blacks, 174, 277–78, 281–82
Encyclopedia Africana (DuBois), 391–92, 393
An Enquiry Concerning the Intellectual and Moral Faculties, and Literature of Negroes (Gregoire), 233
equal rights/protection, 167, 180, 259, 278, 280–83, 320–21, 410–11
Europe: discrimination/segregation in, 248, 249
Europe, James Reese, 310–11, 348
Evans, Anna (wife). See Murray, Anna Jane Evans (wife)
Evans, Annie Brooks (Bruce’s wife), 121–22, 360–61, 399–400
Evans, Bruce (Wilson Bruce) (Anna’s brother)
activism of, 270
Anna’s relationship with, 287, 318
birth of, 56
Board of Education appointment of, 270
and Board of Education-Bruce case, 329–33
as Board of Trade member, 116
childhood/youth of, 57, 58, 59, 77
death of, 360–61
education of, 59, 77, 122
as educator, 94, 103, 122, 270, 312, 329–33
and Evans family move to Washington, 58
and Gregory-Murray School Board disagreements, 102
Henry Murray’s lawsuit concerning will of, 399–400
home of, 121–22, 287
and Horner’s luncheon for Washington, 296
and Jamestown Exposition, 302
marriage of, 121–22
and Mary’s (sister) wedding, 121
and Mu-So-Lit Club, 344
and Murray’s 52nd birthday celebration, 276
and Murray’s (Anna) death, 318
and Murray’s death, 94
naming of, 56
and Roosevelt inauguration, 288
Evans, Delilah. See Copeland, Delilah Evans
Evans, Fanny (Anna’s paternal grandmother), 39, 40
Evans, Henrietta (Anna’s sister), 56, 57, 77
Evans, Henrietta Leary (Anna’s mother), 35–42, 49, 52–54, 56–58, 77, 94, 103, 121–22, 215, 216, 287, 317–18
Evans, Henry (Anna’s father), 35, 39–43, 44, 45, 48–51, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58–59, 85, 94, 135
Evans, Joseph (Bruce’s son), 121, 287, 399–400
Evans, Lewis Sheridan (Anna’s brother), 54, 58, 77
Evans, Lillian (Bruce’s daughter), 121, 287, 347, 361, 381–82, 386, 398, 399–400, 402, 404, 407
Madame Evanti (professional name), 287, 382, 386, 407
Evans, Mary (Anna’s sister)
as activist, 287, 354–55
Anna’s relationship with, 59, 287
birth of, 56
and Board of Education-Evans (Bruce) case, 331
childhood/youth of, 57, 58, 59, 77
death of, 398
and Evans family move to Washington, 58
homes of, 103, 120, 124, 287
Murray (Henry) at home of, 124
as musician, 59, 97
and NAACP, 354–55
and physical education program, 120–21
Ruffin relationship with, 188
socializing of, 96, 97, 188
as teacher, 96, 299
Wilson marriage of, 120, 121
writings of, 120–21
Evans, Sarah Leary (Anna’s aunt), 37, 38, 41–42, 43, 124
Evans, Wilson (Anna’s uncle), 35, 39, 40, 41–43, 44, 45, 48–49, 50, 55, 57, 124
Evanti, Madame. See Evans, Lillian
Evening Star (Washington, DC)
and Anderson (Marian) performance, 395–96
and Astwood incident, 161
and backsliding of blacks, 165, 168
black elite features in, 62, 65
and black troops in Spanish-American War, 197–98, 199
blizzard of 1899 article in, 184
and Board of Trade reception, 152
and discrimination/segregation issues, 162, 299–300, 395–96, 398
and elections of 1896, 137, 139
and elections of 1908, 307
and Evans (Bruce)-Board of Education case, 330
and funding for DC, 108–10
Garfield administration article in, 82
industrial/manual education articles in, 113, 114, 115
and Irwin bill, 263
and Jordan (Kate Proctor) murder, 271–72
and Kindergarten Training School, 132
ladies of leap year article in, 75–76
and Langston (John Mercer) farewell banquet, 33
Leary (Henrietta Evans) obituary in, 318
Library of Congress articles in, 93–94, 148, 154, 155
McKinley articles in, 194
and McKinley inaugural balls, 142, 143–44
Murray (Anna) articles/comments in, 298, 300–301, 392
Murray (George) article/obituary in, 89, 99
NAAC articles in, 179, 180
and National League of Colored Women convention, 128
and National Sociological Society conference, 277
and oratorical competition, 398
and Proctor as caterer for George Washington’s birthday celebration, 24
Proctor (Samuel)-Dukehart wedding coverage in, 18
and public library proposal, 113
“Race Solution Plan” in, 320
and Song of Hiawatha performance, 286
and St. Luke’s troubles, 83
taxation article in, 108–9
Evening Star—and Murray
and assistant assessor appointment, 194, 195
and 52nd birthday celebration, 275–76
and Murray articles/quotes, 75–76, 82, 108–10, 113, 114, 115, 179, 180, 194, 197–98, 254, 320
and Murray encyclopedia, 325
Evening Times: and GAR annual encampment, 242
Family and Parent Education Committee, 395
Fauset, Jessie, 380, 382, 394
Fayetteville, North Carolina, 19, 36–38, 40, 41, 43, 54
Featherstonhaugh, Thomas, 214–15
Federation of Citizens’ Associations of the District of Columbia, 321–22
Federation of Colored Women’s Clubs, 393
“Felon’s Feast,” 49
Fifteenth Amendment, 4, 17, 64, 160, 173, 181–82, 183, 210, 319–20, 356, 411
15th Street Presbyterian Church (Washington, DC), 33, 59, 61–62, 79, 80, 121, 128
5th Regiment, United States Colored Troops, 74
54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry Regiment, 55, 405
First Congregational Church (Oberlin), 45, 47, 51, 56, 68
First Independent Church (Baltimore), 14
Fishel, Leslie H. Jr., 405–6
Fisk Jubilee Singers, 76, 304
Fisk University: and Murray encyclopedia, 328–29
Flather, Henry H., 307, 308
Fleetwood, Christian, 31, 33, 73–74, 75, 77–78, 83, 97, 100, 198, 276
Fleetwood, Sara, 77–78
Foner, Eric, 412–13
Foraker, Joseph B., 305–7, 308
Force Act (1870), 64
Force Act (1871), 64
Force, Peter, 22
Forney, John, 68
Fort Des Moines Training Camp for Colored Officers, 360
Forten, Charlotte. See Grimké, Charlotte Forten
Forten, Harriet. See Purvis, Harriet Forten
Forten, James, 64
Fortie, Charles C., 11
Fortune, T. Thomas “Tim,” 32–33, 92, 165, 174, 175, 177, 184, 207, 208, 211, 237, 316
48th Volunteer Infantry Regiment, 201
49th Volunteer Infantry Regiment, 201
Fourteenth Amendment, 4, 17, 64, 160, 167, 173, 181–82, 183, 210, 319–20, 411
Fowler, Frederick, 27
Francis, Alice Wormley, 297, 373
Francis, Bettie Cox, 80, 211, 296–97, 300, 341–42, 373
Francis, John R. Jr., 297
Francis, John R., Sr., 31, 80, 97, 100, 141, 211, 238, 276, 287–88, 296–97
Franklin, John Hope, 393
Fraunces, Phoebe, 392
Freedman’s Bank, 29, 58
Freedman’s Bureau, 15, 16, 63
Freedmen’s Hospital, 64, 120, 345, 386, 388, 404
Freedmen’s Inquiry Commission, 202, 204, 221, 262–63, 414
From Slavery to Freedom (Franklin), 393
Fugitive Slave Act (1850), 41, 47, 48, 49, 50–51
Funk & Wagnalls, 294
Garcia, Cayetano, 400
Garfield, James, 82
Garnet School (Washington, DC), 213, 312
Garrison, Francis Jackson, 354
Garrison, William Lloyd, 49, 318, 354
Gates, Henry Louis Jr., 393
General Federation of Women’s Clubs, 188–89
gentlemen-only occasions, 78, 100–101, 117–18. See also stag parties
Geyer, Fred, 359
Geyer’s Restaurant (Washington, DC), 344–45, 348, 358
Gibson, Preston, 344
Gleason, Andrew, 138, 139–40
Gordon, John, 384–85
Gorham, George C., 278
Gorman, Arthur, 113
government offices/public places: discrimination in, 334–37
Graceland Cemetery, 99, 105, 163–64
Graham, Pearl, 392
Grand Armory Hall: Welcome Ball (1889) at, 96
Grand Army of the Republic (GAR): annual encampment of (October 1902), 241–47, 273, 274, 288
Grand Theater (Washington, DC): segregation at, 205–6
Grant, Nellie, 25
Grant, Ulysses S., 24, 25, 233
Gray Brothers Caterers, 103, 238
Gray, John A., 17, 24
Gray, Thomas, 290
Greeley, Horace, 38
Green, Bernard, 150, 156
Green, Emma. See Murray, Emma Green
Green, John P., 210–11, 213, 276, 332
Greener, Richard T., 33, 34, 62, 66, 82, 101, 103, 140–41
Grégoire, Henri, 233
Gregory, James M., 101–3
Grey’s Point resort: Pen and Pencil Club outing at, 275
Griffith, D. W., 355
Griggs, John W., 205
Grimes, Thomas W., 161–62
Grimké, Archibald, 66, 121, 296, 351, 353, 366, 385
Grimké, Charlotte Forten, 66, 127
Grimké, Francis, 61, 66, 69, 73, 80, 121, 232, 242, 319, 353
Grimké, Henry, 66
Grimké, Sarah, 66
Grimshaw, William H., 334
Guinn v. United States (1915), 356
Haitian Revolution, 349
Hall of the Builder’s Exchange: McKinley inaugural ball at, 220
Hamilton, Alexander, 254–55, 293
Hampton Negro Conference, 189–90, 269
Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute, 189, 268, 270, 290, 294
Handy, Alfred Ward, 11
Hanna, Mark, 140, 142, 195, 196, 219
Harding, Warren G., 372
Harlan, Mamie, 76, 77–78
Harlan, Robert J., Jr., 76, 77–78, 100, 296
Harlan, Robert J., Sr., 76, 97–98, 100
Harlem Renaissance, 312, 378, 379, 380, 381, 384
Harper & Brothers, 294
Harpers Ferry
blanket shawls from, 215–16
Brown’s raid at, 35, 51–54, 56, 71, 107, 214–15, 216, 317–18, 407
and Daniel Murray Papers, 406
as elite retreat, 88–89, 107–8
Evans’s (Henrietta Leary) death at, 318
memorial commemoration at, 56, 128
and Murray/Evans family heritage, 407
Murray family vacations at, 107–8, 122–23, 317, 318, 342, 374
National League of Colored Women at, 128
Niagara Movement meeting in, 317
remains of foot soldiers at, 214–15
Harper’s Weekly, 289, 293
Harris, Alice, 77
Harrison, Benjamin, 95–96, 137
Hart v. State of Maryland, 266–67, 369
Hart, William H.H., 155, 266–67, 276, 318
Harvard University
black graduates of, 33, 66, 121, 173, 331, 385, 398–99
Bruce (Roscoe) as graduate of, 331
discrimination/segregation at, 385
DuBois as graduate of, 173, 385
and Murray encyclopedia, 328–29
Murray (Henry) at, 213, 268, 385, 398–99
and 1904 White House class reunion, 398–99
Roosevelt (Franklin) as graduate of, 398–99
Woodson at, 351
Havana Marine Company, 361
Hayes, Rutherford B., 33, 65, 74, 76
Health Department, US, 138
Hearst, Phoebe, 131–32, 133, 190, 191
Hearst, William Randolph, 131
Height, Dorothy, 397
Hemings, Sally, 392
Hensey, Alexander T., 98
Hershaw, Lafayette M., 125, 237, 238, 276, 282, 318, 327, 353, 354, 369
Hewlett, E. M., 169–70
Highland Beach enclave: black elites and, 218
Hillsborough, North Carolina, 39–41
Hillsborough Recorder, 40
Hilyer, Andrew, 165–66, 168, 174, 217, 234, 274
Hinton, Richard, 216
Holland, Milton, 74, 78–79, 80, 100, 138, 139
Holland, Virginia, 74, 77–79
Hollenden Hotel barbershop (Cleveland, Ohio), 140
Holsey, Lucius, 277
Home for Destitute Colored Women and Children, 231
Hoover, Herbert, 394, 395
Hopper, Ann Cox, 8
Hopper, William J., 7–8, 99
Horner, Richard R., 296, 307, 308, 330, 331, 362, 387
Hose, Sam, 203
hotels
discrimination/segregation at, 161–62, 247, 249, 288, 338
See also specific hotels
House of Representatives, US
Murray (Anna) testimony about schools before the, 299
Murray-Lincoln kiss incident at, 13, 34
See also Congress, US
housing
discrimination in, 162–63, 333–34
Murray (Anna) concerns about, 187, 394
Housing and Urban Development, US Department of, 406
“How to Solve the Race Problem” conference (National Sociological Society), 276–79, 281
Howard, James Q., 154, 156
Howard, Oliver, 15, 16
Howard Theater (Washington, DC), 346–48, 368
Howard University
and backward slide, 169
black professors at, 33, 101, 125, 155, 303, 366, 381
black troops as students from, 360
books by black authors at, 295
catering incident at, 169
and “cultural flowering” of Washington, 381
founding of, 16
Law School at, 33, 58, 66, 97, 155, 332, 343, 383
medical school at, 64, 122
Murray (Anna) as music teacher/performer at, 59, 74
and Murray encyclopedia, 328–29
presidency of, 388
racial disagreements at, 384–85
reputation of, 58
and Slaughter collection, 352
trustees of, 111
in U Street neighborhood, 345
and women’s suffrage, 343
See also specific students
Howard University Hill Relief Association, 122
Howe, Timothy, 19, 20
Hubert, John W., 282
Hughes, Langston, 215–16, 373, 379, 380–81
Hurst, John, 325–26, 353, 354, 357, 371, 375, 386, 387, 399
Hurston, Zora Neale, 380, 381
Hutcheson, David, 145–46, 149, 225, 226, 227–28, 234
Hutchison, Anne, 390
immigration
European, 248
and NAAC concerns, 178
immune regiments, 198–99
“In Behalf of the Negro Woman” (Anna Murray), 297–98
inaugural balls, 142–44, 219–21, 274, 288–89, 372–73
Inaugural Welcome Club/Committee, 141–44, 219, 220–21, 287–89, 344
inaugurations. See specific presidents
Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl (Brent/Jacobs), 231
Indian Head Proving Grounds: and GAR annual encampment, 246
Indianapolis Freeman
and Blake-Sissle performance at Howard Theater, 347–48
and colored schools in Washington, 299
and discrimination/segregation incidents, 265
and elections of 1896, 140, 141
and Jim Crow laws, 265
and McKinley, 142, 143, 144
and Mu-So-Lit, 344
and Murray (Nat) as teacher, 314
and Murray promotion at Library of Congress, 152
and Murray role in NAAC, 212
and Murray wealth, 111
and NAAC-Niagara Movement merger, 318
and Pen and Pencil Club, 237
and St. Luke’s Literary Guild, 125–26
Industrial Commission. See National Industrial Commission
industrial/manual education, 81, 82, 113–15, 118, 123–24, 173, 174, 177, 282
Ingersoll, Robert G., 155, 158
Inter-State and West Indian Exposition (Charleston, North Carolina), 236
Interior Department, US, 58, 125
intermarriage. See interracial sexual relationships/marriage
International Dental Congress, 250
International Methodist Ecumenical Conference (1901), 249, 390
interracial sexual relationships/marriage, 174, 255–57, 403
Interstate and Foreign Commerce Committee, US House, 264, 369
interstate commerce, 262, 264, 267, 369. See also transportation
Interstate Commerce Commission, 264
inventors: Negroes as, 292–93
Irwin (Harvey) bill, 262–63, 273
Island Oil Company, 378
Jacksonville, Mississippi: Jim Crow laws in, 266
Jacobs, Harriet. See Brent, Linda
Jamestown Ter-Centennial Exposition, 301–5
Jefferson, Thomas, 21, 392, 397
Jennings, Franklin, 231n
Jennings, Paul, 230–31, 231n, 344
Jim Crow laws
and backsliding of blacks, 4, 159–60, 162, 167, 168
and boycott plan, 212–13
in District of Columbia, 247, 373
and GAR annual encampment, 244, 245
increase in, 247
and interstate commerce, 369
and Jamestown Exposition, 304–5
labor issues and, 281
legalization of, 159–60, 167
and Murray as activist, 414
Murray views about, 262, 267
Murray writings about, 376
and NAAC, 6, 212
naming of, 160
in South, 266
and transportation issues, 262–67, 396
See also discrimination/segregation; lynchings
jobs. See labor issues
John Brown Memorial Association, 107
Johnson, Edward A., 276
Johnson, Eugene, 232
Johnson, Georgia Douglas, 342, 379–80, 382, 391–92, 404
Johnson, Henry Lincoln “Link,” 82, 342, 379
Johnson, Samuel, 234
Jones, Thomas L., 166, 167, 169
Jordan, Joshua, 95
Jordan, Catherine “Kate” Proctor (niece), 95, 267, 271–73
Jordan, Mary Louise “Mayme”. See Murray, Mary Louise (Jordan) “Mayme”
Journal of Negro History, The, 351
Justice Department, US, 383
Kagi, John, 51, 52, 53
Kappa Rho Tab Club, 268
Keckley, Elizabeth, 230, 231
Kilkenny, Godfrey, 407
Kilkenny, Jacqueline, 407
Kindergarten Magazine, 135, 185
Kindergarten News, 134
kindergarten teacher training, 132, 133, 134, 185, 187, 189, 191
Kindergarten Training School (Washington), 132, 133, 134, 189, 190
kindergartens, 129–32, 133–35, 136, 185, 189–90, 191, 214, 299–300, 396
King, Martin Luther, Jr., 406
Ku Klux Klan, 355, 388
Labor Committee, US House, 262–63
labor issues
and agriculture, 281
and discrimination, 208, 280–83
and Jim Crow laws, 281
and jobs for children of black elites, 386
Murray views about, 280–83
and religion, 282, 283
in South, 281
labor unions, 208, 280–83
Lafayette, Marquis de, 37
Lake City, South Carolina: Baker lynching in, 175, 252
Langston, Caroline Wall, 44, 73, 77–78, 215
Langston, Charles, 44, 45, 48–49, 50, 51, 56, 215
Langston, Gideon, 44, 45
Langston, John Mercer
and assimilation of black elites, 69
and backsliding of blacks, 166, 169
and Civil War, 74
and Diamond Back Club, 97
election to Congress of, 95
Emancipation Proclamation reading by, 55
and Evans (Henry) family relocation to Washington, 58
family background of, 63–64
farewell banquet for, 33–34
and 15th Street Presbyterian Church, 62
home of, 73, 374
at Howard University, 58
as member of black elite, 62, 63–64
Murray relationship with, 100
in Oberlin, 44–45
and Oberlin-Wellington Rescue, 48
public service career of, 64
and recruitment for Harpers Ferry raid, 51–52
relocation to Washington of, 58
reputation of, 64
Langston, Lucy, 63
Langston, Mary. See Leary, Mary Patterson
Lasso, Olympia. See Murray, Olympia Lasso
Lawrence, Mattie, 76
Lawrence Scientific School, 213
Lawson, Jesse, 176, 177, 180, 204, 206, 208, 262, 263, 264, 276–77, 278, 287, 296, 391
leap year, ladies of, 75–76
Leary, Henrietta Raglan. See Evans, Henrietta Leary (Anna’s mother)
Leary, Jeremiah, 35–36
Leary, Juliette Anna Meimoriel “Julia” (Anna’s maternal grandmother), 37, 38, 39, 43
Leary, Lewis Sheridan “Shurd,” 35, 38, 43–44, 45, 46–47, 48, 51–53, 54, 56, 214–16, 317–18
Leary, Louise, 51, 52, 56
Leary, Mary Patterson (Sheridan’s wife), 44, 51, 52, 56, 215–16
Leary, Matthew Nathaniel, Jr., 38, 39
Leary, Matthew Nathaniel, Sr. (Anna’s maternal grandfather), 36–39, 40, 43, 44
Leary, Sara Jane Revels, 35–37, 43
Leary, Sarah. See Evans, Sarah Leary
LeDroit Park (Washington)
discrimination in, 163
Dunbar home in, 237
Langston home in, 73, 380
Lee, Edwin, 153, 184, 253
Leslie, Estelle, 403
Lewis, Florence. See Bentley, Florence Lewis
Lewis, William H., 335, 385
Liberia College, 100
Liberty School (Oberlin), 46
Library Journal, 147
Library of Congress
accidents/fires at, 20–21, 145
acquisitions/holdings of, 21–22, 23, 86, 87–88, 93, 108, 149–50, 157, 290, 383, 389
black staff members at, 26–27, 155–56, 336
Capitol space for, 86, 108, 148, 149–50, 154, 156, 217
and civil service reform, 120
classification system at, 87
and Congress, 87, 88, 93, 146, 147
construction of new, 88, 93, 108, 145, 147
copyright responsibilities of, 22, 86, 87, 146
and Daniel Murray Papers, 389, 391, 405, 406
description of, 19–20, 21–23, 150–51, 156
disorder at, 87–88
and Emancipation Proclamation celebrations, 350
enlargement of, 21–22, 23, 86, 145
Evening Star article about, 93–94
functions of, 87
funding for, 108
growth of, 383
joint oversight committee for, 19, 20, 23
location of, 19
and McKinley inauguration, 142
and Negro Book Collectors Exchange, 352
opening of, 156–57
organizational structure for, 146–50
pneumatic tubes/“electric railroad” at, 151, 157
Putnam as Librarian of, 223, 326, 387, 389
reading room for the blind at, 158
safety issues at, 20–21, 86–87, 145
salaries at, 26–27, 146
Samuel Johnson words at, 234
Spofford appointment as Librarian of, 20, 21
Spofford role at, 19–20, 21–22, 142, 145, 146, 147–48
Spofford vision for, 22, 295
staff for, 21, 22, 26–27, 87, 93, 108, 145–50, 153–56, 157, 383
and supposed inferiority of blacks, 156
Torch of Learning at, 108
tours of, 128
transfer of holdings from Capitol space to new, 149–50
transition between Spofford and Young at, 147–48
view from, 23
Young appointed Librarian of, 147
See also specific people
Library of Congress—and Murray
and American Negro Exhibit at Paris Exhibition, 223–29
and Capitol Station assignment, 294
and catalog assignment, 156
and demotion of Murray, 6, 153–54, 156, 157, 159
and Jamestown Exposition, 303–4
and Jennings works, 231n
and Law Library assignment, 183–84
and Morrisons, 145
and motivation of Murray, 234
and Murray as assistant librarian, 2
and Murray as chief of periodicals, 149, 150, 152, 154
and Murray bibliography of works authored by black Americans, 232–40
and Murray death, 387
Murray early career at, 20, 22–23, 26, 27–28
and Murray interest in race issues, 6
and Murray Pamphlet Collection, 290
and Murray reputation, 91, 294–95, 391
and Murray responsibilities, 145
and Murray retirement, 382–83
and Murray salary/pension, 6, 86, 149, 152, 153, 157–58, 159, 227, 326, 383, 387, 401
and Murray work form, 14
and Murray-Young letter, 157–58
NAAC and, 183
and networking, 217
newspaper articles about, 152
and organizational structure, 149
and Paris trip, 227
and Pennsylvania Emancipation Exposition, 350
and reading room assignment, 294, 326
and sequestering of black employees, 336
and Smithsonian collection, 157
and socializing among black elites, 71–72
and special citation for Murray, 383
and Spofford-Murray relationship, 19–20, 27–29, 111, 149, 153
and vacations, 235
Lincoln, Abraham
assassination of, 56
centennial of birth of, 319
and Civil War, 12
and Daniel Murray Papers, 406
and DC emancipation, 16, 17
and Emancipation Proclamation, 16, 55, 350
and Murray-Lincoln kiss incident at House of Representatives, 13, 34
as Proctor (Samuel) client, 15, 24
and Spofford appointment, 20
Lincoln Hall (Washington, DC)
Gilbert and Sullivan performances at, 78
“Grand Concert” (1879) at, 74
Lincoln, Mary, 231
Lincoln Memorial
Anderson (Marian) performance at, 396
dedication of, 339
Lincoln Memorial Church (Washington, DC), 94
Lincoln University, 66
Literature Lovers Club, 398
Locke, Alain, 349, 381, 382
Lodge, Henry Cabot, 141
Logan, Rayford, 111, 391, 392, 410
Long, Robert Cary Jr., 9
Longchamps restaurant (Washington, DC), 404
Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth, 285
Loring, George B., 33
“Lost Colony of Roanoke,” 36
Louisiana: voting rights in, 183, 204, 206, 208, 209, 221, 261, 332, 414
L’Ouverture, Toussaint, 46
Lowe, Rebecca D., 189
Lowell, A. Lawrence, 385
Lynch, James, 11
Lynch, John R., 31, 90, 97, 100, 103, 141, 169, 177, 197
lynchings
and American master narrative, 410
and anti-lynching legislation, 203, 205, 206, 208, 221, 388, 414
elections of 1900 and, 211
as federal crimes, 203, 204–5
increase in number of, 160, 175
McKinley views about, 144, 193, 194, 205
and NAAC, 175, 177, 203, 204–5, 206, 208, 212
Lyons, Judson W., 237, 239, 276
Maine, USS, sinking of, 196
M Street High School (Washington), 115, 213, 268, 312, 345
MacLeod, William, 98
Macon Telegraph, 320
Madden, Martin B., 294, 369–70
Madison, James, 230–31, 344, 411
Major, Gerri, 409
Manhattan Casino (New York City): Clef Club Orchestra at, 310
manual education. See industrial/manual education
manual training high school, 269–70, 273
Manual Training School No. 2 (Washington, DC), 269–70
Marcellus, J. H., 145
Maricopa Trading Company, 401
Marshall Hall: Board of Trade excursions to, 116–17
Marshall Hotel (New York City): as musicians’ headquarters, 310
Marshall, John R., 200–201, 308, 373
Massachusetts Building (Jamestown Exposition), 304–5
master narrative, American, 410–12
Matthews, James C., 91
Matthews, William E., 33, 73–74, 76, 80, 91, 97, 100
Mayo, Amory D., 278
McGhee, Frederick, 206, 207, 212–13, 261, 315–16
McKay, Claude, 381
McKee, John, 297
McKinlay, Whitefield, 220, 274
McKinley National Memorial Association, 248
McKinley, William
Adams appointment by, 239
and American Negro Exhibit at Paris Exhibition, 224
annual message to Congress (1898) of, 193
assassination of, 235–36, 390
black appointments by, 180
black relations with, 193–99
black support for, 140–41, 154, 211
and black troops, 196–201
and burial of Harpers Ferry raiders, 215
civil service reform and, 144
and Daniel Murray Papers, 406
and DC home rule, 144, 195
and Dewey presentation, 1, 5
elections of 1896 and, 140, 141
elections of 1900 and, 211
and Freedmen’s Inquiry Commission, 202
gold standard and, 141
inaugurations of, 141–43, 219
and Library of Congress appointments, 147–48
and lynchings, 144, 194, 205, 221
Marshall conversation with, 200–201
and Murray appointment to Board of Education, 209–10
and Murray assistant assessor appointment, 194–95, 202
Murray meetings with, 144, 152, 178, 200, 201, 215, 224
Murray views about, 193–94, 199–200
Murray writings about, 390
Myers relationship with, 195, 196, 209–10
and NAAC, 178, 194, 202, 204
oath of office of, 144
and political patronage, 144
and South, 193, 194
and Spanish-American War, 196–99
Mearns, David, 148
mechanical training. See manual training
Meimoriel, Juliette Anna “Julia”. See Leary, Juliette Anna Meimoriel “Julia”
Meimoriel, Mariette “French Mary,” 37
Mendel, Gregor, 251
Men’s Guild (St. Luke’s Church), 84
Methodist Episcopal Church (Baltimore), 9
Metropolitan AME Church (Washington, DC), 30, 61, 80, 164, 166, 286, 308, 353
Metropolitan Baptist Church (Washington, DC): NAAC meeting at, 176
Mexico
Murray (Harold) in, 378, 379, 401
race issues in, 403
migration, black, 178
Military Affairs Committee, US Senate, 306
Miller, Kelly, 125, 176–77, 218–19, 237, 258, 276, 278, 296, 303, 381
Miner Teachers College, 361
Minton, Edith Wormley, 297
Minton, Henry McKee, 297
Minton, Theophilus, 161, 297
mixed-race ancestry, 100, 250–60, 293
mob violence, 4, 278. See also lynchings; specific race riots
Moens, Herman, 361, 362
Monacan Club, 289
Moore, Fred R., 101, 213, 238–39, 276, 279, 387
Morrell, Edward, 263, 264
Morrell (Edward) bill, 264, 273
Morrison, Hugh, 145, 159, 326
Morrison, John G., 145, 159, 326, 359
Morse School (Washington, DC), 394
Mothers’ Meetings, 133
Mott, Lucretia, 59
Mott School (Washington, DC), 103, 122, 129, 270, 312
Mu-So-Lit Club, 344, 394, 398
Murdoch, James E., 13
Murray (Daniel) family
ascendancy in black elites of, 91–92, 93
characteristics of, 103–4
and Chase criticisms, 283
Christmas holidays for, 105, 213, 268, 271–72, 273, 279–80
and Dewey celebration, 2
discrimination against, 163–64
and father-children relationships, 122
homes of, 77, 85–86, 89, 98–99, 104
and inaugural ball (1921), 372
influence of, 269
and Jamestown Exposition, 304
and Murray multivolume project, 323
musical interests of, 284–87
size of, 383
socializing by, 72–80, 92, 96, 97–98, 103, 213, 216–19, 246–47, 269, 275–76, 279–80, 296–97, 373–74
vacations of, 85–86, 107–8, 122–23, 314, 317, 342, 374
Murray, Anita (granddaughter), 403
Murray, Anna Jane Evans (wife)
as activist, 3, 127–37, 169, 184–91, 202, 269, 285, 286, 297–301, 317, 341–42, 343, 393–95, 411
appearance of, 61, 128, 186, 298, 372, 373, 393
awards/honors for, 300–301, 397
birth of, 43, 45
and Board of Education-Evans (Bruce) case, 332, 333
childhood/youth of, 35, 51, 54, 55, 57–58
courtship/wedding of, 59, 61
and Daniel Murray Papers, 388, 389, 391–92, 405
and Dannie’s death, 359
death and burial of, 397–98, 404
and Dewey celebration, 2
and DuBois letter, 388
and education of her children, 123
80th birthday of, 393
and Evans (Lillian) lawsuit, 399
as executrix of Murray estate, 387, 389
as exemplar of black elites, 71–72
family background of, 35–54
as grandmother, 383, 400, 402
health of, 214, 289, 397
as hostess/fund-raiser, 92, 96, 98, 103, 104, 128, 133–35, 214, 279, 341, 394
at inaugural balls, 143, 372
mothering style of, 359
and Murray family vacations, 107, 374
Murray support/concerns for, 191, 269, 289, 300–301, 397
as musician/singer, 57, 59, 74, 76, 79, 83, 84, 92, 137, 158, 286
and Nat as teacher, 313
at Nat’s graduation ceremony, 290
and Paul’s death, 396
pregnancies of, 75, 89, 98
reputation/influence of, 126, 269, 299, 341–42, 362
and Roscoe Bruce case, 361–64
schooling of, 57–58, 71
socializing of, 72–80, 96, 103, 211, 216–17, 218–19, 246–47, 296, 297, 373–74
and sons at Cornell University, 357
as speaker, 185, 187–88, 190, 393–94
as teacher, 59, 61, 94, 129–30, 133
travels of, 123, 151–52, 190–91, 214, 235, 342, 373, 378, 393–94
and Washington (Booker T.), 282
will of, 396, 400
writings by, 297–98, 392
See also kindergartens; Murray (Daniel) family; specific organizations or activities
Murray, Bessy (granddaughter), 402
Murray, Bill (ancestor), 8
Murray, Carmen (granddaughter), 402, 407
Murray, Constance Vivian (granddaughter), 383, 394, 400
Murray, Daniel
as activist, 411, 414
amalgam of views of, 282
ambitions of, 6, 194
appearance of, 61
awards/honors for, 28, 356–57, 383
beliefs of, 413
birth date of, 383, 387
birth of, 7, 10
birthdays of, 92, 275–76, 361
character/personality of, 12, 24, 28, 30, 105, 184, 413, 414
childhood/youth of, 10–11, 279
courtship/wedding of, 59, 61
death and burial of, 386–87, 388, 393, 404
early jobs of, 17, 18, 24, 26, 28
education of, 10, 11, 14
as exemplar of black elites, 71–72
family background of, 7–9
fathering style of, 359
financial affairs of, 6, 26, 28–29, 85–86, 108, 111–12, 149, 152, 153, 157–58, 159, 313, 325–26, 327, 328, 374–76, 382–83, 387, 401
goals/objectives of, 3, 323
health of, 269
home of, 405–7
influence of, 144, 259–60, 269
Lee biography of, 153
legacy of, 6, 327, 414–15
linguistic abilities of, 94
memory of, 27
mentors/role models for, 27, 111
motivation of, 184, 234, 321
musical abilities of, 286–87
naming of, 10
networking by, 134
optimism of, 269
personalization of narrative of, 407
religious background of, 10
reputation of, 71, 91, 152, 210, 238, 294–95, 299, 349, 391
retirement of, 382–83
rise of, 34
role in extended family of, 95, 273
as role model, 414
self-image of, 7, 414
social standing of, 238
Wilberforce honorary degree for, 356–57
will of, 384, 387, 389, 390, 400, 404
See also specific people or topics
Murray, Daniel—writings of
about Adams (Cyrus Field), 240
in Afro-American Ledger, 292
Bibliographia Africana, or History of Afro-American Literature, 232–40, 250, 253–54
and bibliography of works authored by black Americans, 223–40, 253, 269, 291–94, 387–88
“Bill of Grievances,” 199–200
black bibliography and biography as specialty of, 6
and Board of Education-Evans (Bruce) case, 331
“Civil Rights in London,” 390
“Color Line Problem in the U.S., The,” 253
“Color Problems in the United States,” 253–54
for The Colored American, 199–200, 201, 206
for The Colored American Magazine, 240, 253–54, 255–57, 295
and Daniel Murray Papers, 389–92, 405–6
for Evening Star, 75–76, 82, 108–10, 113, 114, 115, 179, 180, 194, 197–98, 320
and financial affairs, 325–26, 327, 328, 374–76
and first published article, 75–76
and Grand Theater discrimination, 206
“Industrial Problem in the United States and the Negro’s Relation to It, The,” 280–83
about inventors, 292–93
“Ladies Law of Leap Year, The,” 75–76
and late-life essays, 376
and McKinley assassination, 390
Murray absorption in, 322
Murray’s Historical and Biographical Encyclopedia of the Colored Race Throughout the World, 322, 323–29, 349, 374–78, 387–88, 389–90, 391
and Murray style, 253
and Murray will, 389–93
“Overthrow of the ‘Jim Crow’ Car Laws, The,” 266–67
“Power of Blood Inheritance, The,” 250, 255–57
Preliminary List of Books and Pamphlets by Negro Authors, 232, 412
and primacy of “printer’s ink,” 412
publishers for, 293–94
“Race Solution Plan,” 320
in The Voice of the Negro, 253–54, 266–67, 280, 293, 294, 295
and Wells-Barnett biographical sketch, 390
“Who Invented the Cotton Gin?,” 293
and writing style, 75–76, 390–91
Murray, Daniel Evans “Dannie” (son)
as activist, 347
birth of, 77
Calloway marriage of, 358
childhood/youth of, 85, 103, 105, 122, 151, 213
Colored American comments about, 213
death of, 358–59
education of, 123, 124–25, 151, 213
and family holidays, 279
health of, 344
and Jamestown Exposition, 304
as musician, 105, 122, 124–25, 158, 214, 217, 286, 309–12, 344–45, 347–48, 357, 359, 402
in New York City, 213, 279, 309, 310
at Oberlin, 311
Murray, Daniel (grandson), 402
Murray, Eliza Wilson (mother), 8–9, 10, 11–12, 13, 15, 29, 89–90, 99
Murray, Emanuel E. (caterer), 169, 170
Murray, Emma Green (Henry’s wife), 312–13, 333, 334, 371, 399
Murray, George (father), 7–9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 89–90, 99
Murray, Harold Baldwin Jr. “Bruzzy” (grandson), 361
Murray, Harold Baldwin (son)
birth of, 107
and Buffalo visit, 235–36
character/personality of, 402
childhood/youth of, 122, 151, 213, 267, 268, 279
at Cornell, 342, 347, 348, 354, 357, 358
in Cuba, 357–58, 361
and Daniel Murray Papers, 405–6
death and burial of, 404, 407
divorce of, 401, 403
education of, 213, 314, 342, 347, 348, 354, 357, 358, 386
and Evans (Bruce) death, 361
and Evans family anti-slavery activities, 41, 54
as executor of Murray estate, 387
and family holidays, 279
football interest of, 268–69
health of, 267, 271
homes of, 378–79
Lasso marriage of, 401
in Mexico, 378, 379, 401
and Murray family home, 405–7
as musician, 286, 347, 348, 357, 359, 401, 402
and Myers-Murray visit, 235–36
and NAACP, 354
Powell marriage to, 358
reputation of, 403–4
shoes of, 402
Murray, Helene Ethel (daughter), 95, 103, 105, 163, 164, 273, 359, 386, 404
Murray, Helene (granddaughter), 358, 361, 383, 400
Murray, Henry (George Henry) (son)
as activist, 343–44, 347
character/personality of, 289
childhood/youth of, 85, 103, 122, 151, 152, 213
and Colored American Council, 369
as conservator of Anna’s estate, 397
death and burial of, 404
and discrimination in public schools, 398
education of, 123–24, 213, 268, 312, 343, 398–99
as executor of Murray estate, 387
farm visit of, 371
financial affairs of, 399, 401
football interest of, 268–69
Green marriage to, 312–13
and Grey’s Point outing, 275
at Harvard, 385, 398–99
health of, 268
homes of, 313, 334, 371, 397, 399
and Horner, 362
at Howard University, 343
and inaugural ball (1921), 372
and Jamestown Exposition, 302
lawsuits brought by, 399–400
and Madden amendment, 369
Murray as role model for, 343–44
and Murray real estate interests, 371
as musician, 105, 122
and Pen and Pencil Club outing, 275
and Prohibition, 370
retirement of, 399
and Roosevelt inauguration, 287
and Shaw neighborhood, 404–5
as teacher/educator, 269, 270, 289, 312, 343, 386, 398
in World War I, 359–60
writings by, 289–90, 343
Murray, Jacques “Jack” (grandson), 283, 378, 383
Murray, Madrenne Powell (Harold’s first wife), 358, 361, 378, 401, 403
Murray, Marco (grandson), 399, 402
Murray, Margaret Myers (Spencer’s wife), 72–73
Murray, Mary (ancestor), 8
Murray, Mary Louise Jordan “Mayme” (Nat’s wife), 313, 342, 370, 371, 383, 400, 401
Murray, Nathaniel Allison “Nat” (son)
birth of, 92
California move of, 400
childhood/youth of, 92–93, 103, 122, 151, 152, 213, 268
at Cornell, 291, 313, 342
death and burial of, 401, 404
education of, 213, 268, 269, 290, 342
family of, 383
farm home of, 370–71
financial affairs of, 401
homes of, 370–71
injury of, 92–93
and Jamestown Exposition, 304
Jordan marriage to, 313, 342
letter to father from, 370–71
Murray defense of, 313
as musician, 286, 291
retirement of, 400, 401
and school gardens job, 313
as teacher, 313–14, 370, 371, 386, 398, 400, 401
See also Alpha Phi Alpha
Murray, Olympia Lasso (Harold’s second wife), 401, 402
Murray, Paul Evans (son)
birth of, 184
childhood/youth of, 202, 213, 268, 271, 279, 289, 314
at Cornell, 357, 371, 396
death of, 396
education of, 314–15, 357, 371, 383
and Ellington, 348
and family holidays, 279
health of, 202, 271, 289, 357, 383–84
at Howard University, 383
injuries of, 271, 314
jobs of, 371, 383–84
Murray defense of, 314–15
Murray, Pauline Leary (granddaughter), 370, 371, 383, 394, 400
Murray, Pearl Calloway (Dannie’s wife), 358
Murray, Pinckney Pinchback (son), 98, 99, 105, 163, 359
Murray, Spencer (friend), 31, 72–73, 101, 236, 276, 280, 358–59, 386, 387
Murray, Tom (ancestor), 8
Murray, Valerie “Ritzi” (granddaughter), 378, 401–2
Murray’s Historical and Biographical Encyclopedia of the Colored Race Throughout the World, 322, 323–29, 349, 374–78, 387–88, 389–90, 391
music
and characteristics of Murray family, 103
at St. Luke’s, 83–84
See also specific people or events
Myers, George A.
and Adams Treasury Department appointment, 240
and Board of Education-Evans (Bruce) case, 332
boyhood of, 11, 279
business interest of, 140
and Capital Savings Bank failure, 273–74
and discrimination issues, 262, 263, 265, 336
Green reception for, 211
Hanna relationship with, 140
influence of, 196
and Irwin bill, 263
and McKinley approval for black troops, 201
and McKinley inauguration, 219, 220
and McKinley-Murray meetings, 201, 202
McKinley relationship with, 195, 196, 209–10
and Murray assistant assessor appointment, 202
and Murray bibliography of works authored by black Americans, 228, 232, 233
and Murray Board of Education appointment, 209–10
and Murray complaints about DC government, 195–96
and Murray encyclopedia, 329, 376–77
Murray financial advice for, 275
and Murray history of the colored race, 293–94
and Murray at Library of Congress, 217
and Murray-NAAC activities, 183, 202
and Murray optimism, 269
and Murray real estate interests, 371
Murray relationship with, 11, 105, 140, 201, 210, 211, 214, 219
and Murray retirement, 382–83
and Murray views about McKinley, 200
and Murray views about politics, 305–6
Murray visits with, 235–36, 255, 356
and Murray will, 387
and Ohio politics, 140
and Republican Convention (1900), 210
and Roosevelt inauguration, 289
and Volstead Act, 370
and wife’s health, 214
Myers, George A.—and Murray family affairs
and Christmas holidays, 273, 279
and Jordan (Kate Proctor) murder, 272
and Murray 52nd birthday celebration, 275–76
and Murray comments about Henry, 289
and Murray (Paul) injury, 271
and Murray sons’ activities, 357
and Murray sons’ football interests, 268–69
and Murray support for Anna, 191
Myers, Henrietta, 73
Myers, Margaret. See Murray, Margaret Myers
Myers, Maude, 211, 214
Myers, William, 72
Nansen, Fridtjof, 216
Napier, James C., 374
National Afro-American Council (NAAC)
accomplishments of, 410
Address to the Nation of, 177–78, 179, 182, 203
“Afro-American Council Day” of, 205
and American Negro Academy, 207–9
and anti-lynching bill, 206
Associate Committee of Ladies of, 184
attempted renewal of, 315–20
challenges facing, 319
Chicago meeting (1899) of, 202–3
and class issues, 179
and Congress, 181–82, 202, 262–63
Conservatory of Music meeting (1899) of, 206–7
convention (1900) of, 232
and Crumpacker bill, 206
DC chapter of, 176, 184, 204, 205, 223, 247
and discrimination/segregation, 179, 205–6, 212, 319, 410
executive committee of, 177
founding of, 6, 174–75
and Freedmen’s Inquiry Commission, 202, 204, 221, 262–63
goals/concerns of, 177–78, 179, 180–83, 195, 205, 316
incorporation of, 184
Indianapolis convention (1900) of, 211–13
and Jim Crow laws, 212
leadership of, 175, 177, 203–4
legal and legislative bureau of, 180–84, 202, 203, 204, 206, 212, 213, 315
and lynchings, 175, 177, 203, 204–5, 206, 208, 212
and McKinley, 178, 194, 202, 204
motivation of, 175–76
Murray role in, 6, 176, 177, 178–84, 195, 202, 203, 204, 206, 207, 208, 212, 223, 232, 240, 261–62, 318, 320, 414
Murray speech at, 391
as NAACP precursor, 6, 409–10
and National Industrial Commission, 238
and Niagara Movement, 316–17
19th Street Baptist Church meeting (1902) of, 262, 263
nonpartisanship of, 179, 183
and Odd Fellows Hall reception, 207–9
organizational structure of, 180
and Paris Exposition, 223
and Republican Convention (1900), 210
and Republican Party, 179, 181
and voting rights, 177, 181, 182, 183, 204, 206, 208, 209, 210, 261, 318–19, 332
Washington (Booker T.) and, 315–16, 319
Washington meeting (1898) of, 174–75, 176–77, 193
and women, 179
National Afro-American Press Association, 240
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
and Anderson (Marian) performance, 396
Boston branch of, 354–55
branches of, 353
and Buchanan v. Warley case, 356
Chicago branch of, 354
and discrimination cases, 236, 356, 359, 385
as foremost civil rights organization, 353
formation/goals of, 319–20
and Guinn v. United States case, 356
membership of, 353, 356
Murray and, 320, 354
Murray (Anna) as member of, 354
and Murray encyclopedia, 329
NAAC as precursor of, 6, 409–10
as success, 368–69
Washington branch of, 353–55, 356
See also Crisis, The; National Afro-American Council; specific people
National Association for the Relief of Destitute Colored Women and Children, 136
National Association of Colored Women, 129, 133, 185, 186, 188, 202, 235, 258–59, 397
National Civil Service Reform League, 119
National Confederation of Afro-American Women, 165
National Congress of Mothers, 131, 184–85, 186–88, 298, 342, 394
National Council of Negro Women, 397
National Equal Rights Association, 165
National Federation of Afro-American Women, 128–29
National Geographic Society, 216
National Industrial Commission, 180, 181, 200, 206, 208, 238
National Kindergarten Association, 299
National Kindergarten Training School, 190
National League of Colored Women (NLCW), 128, 129, 130
National Mechanical and Industrial Institute, 81–82
National Negro Business League, 279
National Republican, 32, 72, 79, 91–92
National Sociological Society, 276–79, 281, 320
National Training School for Women and Girls, 342
National Woman Suffrage Association, 343
Native Washingtonians, 246, 289, 344
Navy Department, US, 341
Negro American Society, 59
Negro Book Collectors Exchange, 352, 353
Negro Building (Jamestown Exposition), 302–3
Negro Day (Jamestown Exposition), 304
Negro Development and Exposition Company, 301, 302–5
Negro History Week, 393
Negro in Our History, The (Woodson), 393
Negro Society, 32–33
Negro Society for Historical Research (NSHR), 349
New Era Club, 188–89
New Era, 68
New Negro: An Interpretation, The (Locke), 381
“New Negro” concept, 381, 382, 384
New York Age, 96, 104, 165, 239, 310, 315, 350, 403
New York Amsterdam News, 393
New York City
African American population in, 310
and Emancipation Proclamation celebrations, 350–51
See also Harlem Renaissance
New York Evening Post, 182, 318
New York Freeman, 92
New York Globe, 32–33, 92
New York Mail and Express: Stoddard article in, 229–30
New York Times, 138, 196, 208, 229
New York Tribune, 285, 292
Niagara Movement, 315, 316–17, 318, 319, 320, 410
Nigger Heaven (Vechten), 394
Nimmo, Joseph, 72
19th Street Baptist Church (Washington, DC), 61, 128–29, 262, 263
North Carolina
Croatans in, 35–36, 38, 39
discrimination in, 221
election laws in, 221
See also specific locations
Northup, Solomon, 231
Noyes, Theodore, 112, 271, 398
Oberlin Anti-Slavery Society, 45, 46
Oberlin College
Bruce (Blanche) at, 65
Conservatory of Music at, 124–25, 311
Cook family members at, 63
discrimination/segregation at, 385
founding of, 42
Greener at, 66
Langston (John Mercer) at, 44
Murray (Anna) as student at, 57–58, 71
Murray (Dannie) at, 123, 124–25, 213, 311
and Patterson as first black woman B.A., 59
Purvis at, 64
Oberlin, Ohio
African-American community in, 42–54
description of, 54–55, 56–57
Evans family in, 41–59, 94
and Evans (Henrietta Leary) burial, 318
and Evans (Henry) family relocation to Washington, 58–59
Murray (Anna) visits to, 123, 124–25, 151
population of, 43, 56
reputation of, 47
schools in, 57
Oberlin-Wellington Rescue, 35, 47–50, 51, 54, 55, 71, 73
Odd Fellows Hall (Washington, DC)
NAAC/American Negro Academy reception at, 207–9
NAAC banquet at, 178
Pen and Pencil Club activities at, 237–38, 295–96
in U Street neighborhood, 345
Odd Fellows Journal, 239
Odd Fellows Temple: Murray (Dannie) in musical at, 309
O’Hara, James, 90
Ohio Historical Society, 215
Oldest Inhabitants Association, 344, 372–73
“one-drop rule,” 257
Orpheus Glee Club, 92, 97
Outlook magazine, 297
Overman, Lee S., 335–56
Pan-Africanism, 292, 350
Pan-American Exposition (Buffalo, New York, 1900): American Negro Exhibit at, 235–36
Parent-Teachers Association (PTA), 131, 394
Parents’ League, 362–63, 364, 367–68, 393
Paris Exposition: American Negro Exhibit at, 223–29, 232, 233, 235, 241
Parker, Myron M., 137, 139
patriotism, 278, 414
patronage
backward slide and, 169
and black elites, 69
and civil service reform, 119, 120
and Library of Congress appointments, 154
and McKinley inauguration, 219
McKinley-Murray White House meeting about, 144
Murray concerns about, 195–96
and rise of black elites, 90–91
and sources of income for black elites, 84
Washington (Booker T.) and, 282, 316
Patterson, John E., 40, 44, 45, 59
Patterson, Mary Jane, 59, 127
Patterson, Mary S. See Leary, Mary Patterson
Payne, Arthur “Strut,” 310
Payne, Daniel Alexander, 9–10, 11, 16, 97, 325, 356
Peck, Ferdinand W., 223–24, 227
Pelham, Fred, 238
Pelham, Robert, Jr., 237–38, 275
Pen and Pencil Club, 236–38, 240, 275–76, 282–83, 295–96
Pennsylvania Emancipation Exposition (1913), 350
Pennsylvania Railroad Company, 2
People’s Advocate, 62, 73, 80, 160
People’s Congregational Church (Washington, DC), 132
Perry, Christopher, 261, 279–80
Phelps School (Washington, DC), 312
Philadelphia Item, 349, 3349
Philadelphia Tribune, 261, 349
Philippines, 199, 201. See also Spanish-American War
Phillips Academy: Greener as student at, 66
Pinchback, Pinckney
Adams’s dinner for, 103
and backsliding, 169
and Diamond Back Club, 97
and discrimination/segregation in Washington, 248
Douglass dinner for, 26
elections of 1896 and, 141
and GAR annual encampment, 246–47
Irwin bill and, 262
and McKinley inauguration, 220
and Murray (Dannie) death, 358
and Murray 52nd birthday celebration, 276
and Murray real estate investments, 85
Murray reception for, 98, 104
Murray relationship with, 76, 98, 100, 104
and NAAC, 177, 204, 207
and naming of Murray son, 98
and Pen and Pencil Club, 237
socializing of, 76, 97, 100, 103, 104
Toomer as grandson of, 380
Pitney, Mahlon, 135
Pittsburgh Courier, 389–90
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896), 167, 168, 356
politics
and black elites, 90–91
and Murray assignment at Library of Congress, 154
Murray views about, 82, 305–8
and NAAC, 179, 183
Washington (Booker T.) views about, 209
women’s reform efforts and, 185
See also specific people, parties, or issues
Port-Au Peck Quartette, 309–10
Potomac River bathing beach: segregation at, 162
Powell, Gladys, 358, 378, 379, 403
Powell, Madrenne. See Murray, Madrenne Powell
Preparatory High School for Colored Youth (Washington, DC), 59, 66, 115
Price, John, 47–48, 49, 50
Princess Anne Academy (Maryland), 313, 314
Princeton Theological Seminary: Grimké (Francis), as graduate of, 66
prisons: NAAC concerns about, 177, 208
Proctor, Alice Harris (Samuel’s wife), 77
Proctor, Catherine. See Sephus, Catherine Proctor (half-sister)
Proctor, Charles W. (half-brother), 15, 29–30, 77–78, 89, 95
Proctor, Eliza Wilson. See Murray, Eliza Wilson
Proctor, Ellen. See Butler, Ellen Proctor (half-sister)
Proctor, Eugenia Dukehart (Samuel’s wife), 18–19, 30
Proctor, Eugenia (Samuel’s daughter), 30, 31, 77
Proctor, Kate. See Jordan, Kate Proctor
Proctor, Mary (Charles’s wife), 15, 31, 77–78
Proctor, Samuel (half-brother), 15, 16, 17, 18–19, 24, 25–26, 30–31, 34, 77–78, 95
Progressive Building Association, 29, 31
Prohibition, 370
public library, Washington, 81–82, 112–13, 118, 269, 270–71, 273, 338. See also Carnegie Public Library
public schools, Washington
and business specialization, 398
and discrimination/segregation, 394, 398, 405
and Evans (Bruce) case, 329–33
excellence of faculty in, 386
funding for, 394
libraries in, 338–39
Murray (Anna) interest in, 298–301
and Murray (Anna) will, 396
and oratorical competition, 398
salaries for employees in, 372
75th anniversary of black education in, 396–97
See also Board of Education; teachers; specific schools
Pullman Car Co., 265
Purvis, Charles B., 62, 63, 64, 66, 68, 100, 103, 116, 121, 138, 139, 141, 163
Purvis, Harriet Forten, 64
Pushkin, Alexander, 254
Putnam, Herbert, 223, 225, 227, 326, 383, 387, 389
race war, Washington, 365–68
“racial combinations,” 137–38
racial hierarchy: Murray theory of, 250–60
racial integrity, 256
Radical Republicans, 16
railroads. See transportation
Rainey, Joseph H., 33
real estate investments
and Board of Trade, 110
of Murray, 29, 72, 85, 111, 325–26, 370, 371, 399, 400
and sources of income for black elites, 84–85
Reconstruction, 4, 65, 159, 166, 384, 407, 408, 410, 411, 412–13, 414
Reconstruction Act, 64
Redevelopment Land Agency (RLA), 406
Reid, David, 41
religion
and Copeland and Leary activities, 47
and emigration of blacks, 277–78
influence on Murray of, 29–31
and labor issues, 282, 283
and Murray activism, 82–83
Murray views about, 277–78, 282, 283
See also specific person or church
Report of the Library of Congress, 232
Republican National Convention (Chicago, 1908), 307–8
Republican National Convention (Chicago, 1920), 371–72
Republican National Convention (Philadelphia, 1900), 209, 211
Republican National Convention (St. Louis, 1896), 137–40
Republican Party
Appeal support for, 103
black support for, 82, 91, 140–41, 200, 211, 307–8, 337
and Board of Assessment, 181, 195
and Board of Trade, 137–38
and discrimination against black federal employees, 337
elections of 1896 and, 137–44
and Irwin bill, 263
Murray comments about black support for, 82, 91
and Murray socializing, 217
Murray views about, 82, 91, 337
and NAAC, 179, 181
and Washington black elites, 63, 90
See also specific person
Rescuer, 50
“respectability” issues, 168, 170
restaurants
Capitol, 335–36, 337
discrimination/segregation in, 335–36, 337
Revels, Aaron, 36, 39
Revels, Hiram, 18, 19, 31, 37, 71
Revels, Sara Jane. See Leary, Sara Jane
Revolutionary War, 392
Richmond, Virginia: discrimination in, 271
Riggs House (Washington): Astwood incident at, 161–62, 193
Rindge, Frederick H., 123
Rindge Manual Training School (Massachusetts), 123–24
Rockville, Maryland: Proctor (Samuel) family home in, 77–78
Roman, C. V., 253
Roosevelt, Eleanor, 396, 398
Roosevelt, Franklin D. (FDR), 385, 398–99
Roosevelt, Theodore
and Battle of San Juan Hill, 198
and Brownsville incident, 306
elections of 1900 and, 211
elections of 1904 and, 287
elections of 1908 and, 306–7
inauguration of, 287–89
and Irwin bill, 263
and Jamestown Exposition, 302–3
and Jennings manuscript, 231n
and McKinley assassination, 236
Murray meeting with, 263
National Sociological Society delegates meeting with, 279
and public library dedication, 271
Washington (Booker T.) relationship with, 249
Washington (Booker T.) White House dinner with, 269
Ruffin, George L., 121, 188, 189
Ruffin, Josephine St. Pierre, 188–89
runaway slaves. See Underground Railroad
San Juan Hill, battle of, 198
Sanitary League, 105, 111
Scarborough, William S., 69, 327, 356, 357
Schomburg, Arthur A., 327, 349, 351, 352, 353, 394
School Board, Washington. See Board of Education
A School History of the Negro Race in America (Johnson), 276
Schradieck, Henry, 213
Scott, Dred, 47
Scott, Emmett J., 282
Scott, John H., 44, 45, 48–49, 50, 52–53
Second Baptist Church (Washington, DC), 165
Second Baptist Lyceum, 125, 205
Second Congregational Church (Oberlin), 56–57
segregation. See discrimination/segregation
Selika, Marie, 74, 92
“The Senate Saloon” (Capitol building), 18, 19
Senate, US
and Bruce (Roscoe) case, 363–64
and Revels oath of office, 19
See also Congress, US
separate-car laws. See transportation
Sephus, Catherine Proctor (half-sister), 15–16, 95, 99, 272
Sephus, Solomon, 15–16
17th Provisional Training Regiment, 360
Severance, Frank H., 230
Seville, Ella Butler. See Butler, Ella
Shadd family, 121
Shaw Junior High School (Washington, DC), 405
Shaw neighborhood, 404–5, 406–7. See also U Street neighborhood
Shaw, Robert Gould, 405
Shorter, James A., 10
Shuffle Along (musical), 348
Singleton, Walter J., 377
Sissle, Noble, 347–48
Sixth Massachusetts Regiment, 12
skin color
of black elites, 67, 71
and black elites’ biases, 217–18, 409
and “brown paper bag test,” 218
and Murray theory of racial hierarchy, 258
Murray views about, 100, 258
and U Street neighborhood, 346
Slaughter, Henry P., 237, 238–39, 243, 262, 287, 295, 351, 352–53
Slauson, Allan B., 154, 157
slaves/slavery
Madison comment about, 411
memoirs of ex-, 230–31
Smalls, Robert, 90, 413
Smithsonian Institution, 22, 157, 158
Smyth, John H., 33, 73, 78, 85, 97, 100
Social Darwinism, 250–51
Social Relief Association, 81
Sojourner Truth Home (Washington), 236
Song of Hiawatha (Coleridge-Taylor), 285–86
Souls of Black Folk, The (DuBois), 413–14
South
and black patriotism, 414
discrimination in, 266, 410
emigration of blacks from, 277–78
Jim Crow laws in, 266
kindergartens in, 189–90
labor issues in, 281
McKinley policies and, 193, 194
Murray (Anna) concerns about women in, 186, 189, 191
and Murray theory of racial hierarchy, 250–60
Murray views about, 212
as political victors, 414
voting rights in, 183, 204, 210, 248
See also specific states or locations
Southern Workman, The, 189, 297–98
Spanish-American War, 196–99
Spofford, Ainsworth Rand
and American Negro Exhibit at Paris Exhibition, 227
appointment as Librarian of Congress of, 20, 21
awards/honors for, 28
and Board of Trade’s Marshall Hall excursions, 116
and construction of new Library of Congress, 88, 93, 94, 108, 145
death of, 295
and Hart hiring, 155
loyalty toward employees of, 146
and McKinley inauguration, 142
Murray relationship with, 19–20, 27–29, 111, 149, 153
and Murray trip to Paris, 227
and organizational structure for Library of Congress, 146–47
personal and professional background of, 28
portrait of, 150
and public library proposal, 112
role at Library of Congress of, 142, 145, 146, 147–48
and space for Library of Congress, 21–22, 23, 86, 87, 88
talents of, 148
vision for Library of, 22, 295
St. Elizabeths Hospital (Washington, DC), 384, 396, 400
St. John’s Episcopal Church (Washington, DC), 30, 72, 74–75, 82–83, 337
St. Luke’s Literary Guild, 125–26, 132–33
St. Luke’s Protestant Episcopal Church (Washington, DC)
Arthur attendance at, 82–83
Bradford as member of, 76
choir at, 79
construction of, 30, 61, 72
Crummell retirement from, 125
Evans (Bruce) funeral at, 361
Fleetwood as founding member of, 31
funding for, 84, 92, 122
Gilbert and Sullivan performance for, 78
Murray activities with, 125
Murray family activities at, 105, 122
Murray funeral service at, 386
and Murray wedding, 61
music at, 83–84
rector-vestry problems at, 83–84
remodeling of, 125
reputation of, 83
and Slaughter-Murray relationship, 239
Syphax family as members of, 79
Thanksgiving Day service at, 82–83
in U Street neighborhood, 345
St. Mary’s Chapel for Colored Episcopalians (Washington, DC), 29–30
Stafford, Wendell P., 332–33
stag parties, 100, 239. See also gentlemen-only occasions
“Star of Ethiopia, The” (DuBois pageant), 350–51
Stephenson, John G., 21, 86–87
Stoddard, Richard Henry, 229–30
Storer College, 317
Murray family retreat to, 89
Stuart, Gilbert, 25
Sumner, Charles, 19, 32, 174
Suppression of the African Slave-Trade to the United States of America, The (DuBois), 230
Supreme Court, DC, 164
Supreme Court, Louisiana, 261
Supreme Court, US, 22, 47, 160, 167, 208, 261, 267, 356, 405
“Sympathy” (Dunbar poem), 158–59
Syphax, Abbie McKee, 79
Syphax, Charles, 79
Syphax, Douglas, 79
Syphax, Mamie, 79–80
Syphax, Maria, 79
Syphax, William, 33–34
Taft, William Howard, 307, 308, 330
Talbott, J. Frederick, 292
“talented tenth” concept (DuBois), 409
Tanner, Henry O., 254, 404
taxation
Murray concerns about, 194
in Washington, 108–9
See also assistant assessors; Board of Assessment and Taxation
Tayleur, Eleanor, 297–98
teachers
discrimination against, 299–301
kindergarten, 132, 133, 134, 185, 187, 189, 191
as married women, 61
superiority of, 386
training of, 132, 133, 134, 185, 187, 189, 190, 191
See also specific people
Terrell, Mary Church
as activist, 341–42
and black elites, 142
Board of Education appointment for, 114, 127
and class issues, 218
and Colored Women’s League, 127
Cornell lecture of, 290–91
and discrimination/segregation in Washington, 338, 397–98
and early childhood education, 185–86
at Green reception for Myers, 211
and housing bias, 162–63
influence of, 269
and manual training for women, 114–15
marriage of, 100
and McKinley inauguration, 142
and NAACP, 319, 353
and National Association of Colored Women, 129, 133, 185, 186
and National Congress of Mothers, 185
and public schools in Washington, 298–99
reputation of, 341–42
and Roosevelt inauguration, 288
views about race issues of, 174
“What It Means to Be Colored in the Capital of the United States” by, 338
and women’s suffrage, 343
Terrell, Robert, 97, 100, 116, 120, 141, 162–63, 211, 220, 237, 269, 274, 385
Thanksgiving Day, 82–83, 103
Thirteenth Amendment, 16, 64, 160, 173, 181–82, 319–20
Thomas, Neval H., 338
Thompson, Richard W., 237, 282, 283, 374
Thompson, S. G., 170
Thurman, Wallace, 394
Tibbs, Lillian. See Evans, Lillian
Tibbs, Roy W., 361
Tibbs, Thurlow Evans, Jr., 407
Timrod, Henry, 25, 255
Tindall, William, 307
“token black”: Murray as, 3
Toner, Joseph M., 86
Toomer, Jean (Nathan Eugene Pinchback), 380–81, 408
transportation
and discrimination/segregation, 6, 167–68, 177, 179, 212, 262–67, 319, 347, 369–70
and Hart v. State of Maryland, 266–67
Treasury Department, US, 74, 81, 90, 97, 101, 239–40
Treaty of Paris (1898), 199
Trotter, James Monroe, 91
Trotter, William Monroe, 315, 319, 336
Trow Press, 375–76
True Reformer Building: Bon-Bon-Buddies matinee at, 268
Tubman, Harriet “Mother,” 129
Tuskegee Institute, 173, 189, 224, 228–29, 282, 314, 391
Twelve Years a Slave (Northup), 231
Twenty-fifth US Infantry, 306
Twenty-Four Negro Melodies (Coleridge-Taylor), 286
Tyler, Ralph W., 341–42
U Street/Shaw neighborhood (Washington, DC), 345–47, 348, 368, 379, 404–5, 406–7
Ugly Club (New York City), 97
Underground Railroad, 41, 45–46, 47, 344
Union League Directory, 234
Union Republican Club, 137, 138
Union School (Oberlin), 57
Unitarian Seminary (Baltimore), 14
University of Chicago: School of Education at, 191
University Park Kindergarten (Washington, DC), 130
Van Vechten, Carl, 394
Vernon, William T., 335
Villard, Oswald Garrison, 318, 319, 336
Voice of the Negro, The, 253–54, 266–67, 280, 282, 293, 294, 295, 316–17
Volstead Act, 370
voting rights
and black activism, 173–74
in DC, 16–17, 181
and emancipation, 16–17
and Force Acts, 64
interracial commission proposal concerning, 320
and literacy and property tests, 183, 261
in Louisiana, 183, 204, 206, 208, 209, 221, 261, 332, 414
and Murray “Bill of Grievances,” 200
Murray views about, 200, 280, 292, 320
and NAAC, 177, 181, 182, 183, 204, 210, 318–19, 332
in North Carolina, 221
in South, 183, 204, 210, 248
for women, 343, 371
See also Fifteenth Amendment
Wall, Amanda, 73–74
Wall, Caroline. See Langston, Caroline Wall
Wall, Orindatus Simon Bolivar “O.S.B.”
as activist, 44–45
assimilation of, 68
awards and honors for, 56
cemetery plot for, 163
death of, 101
and Evans (Henry) family relocation to Washington, 58
and Murrays socializing, 73–74
and Oberlin-Wellington Rescue, 48–49
as recruiter for Civil War troops, 55–56, 74
relocation to Washington of, 58
twenty-fifth wedding anniversary of, 73–74
Waller, Owen M., 242, 247, 317
Walters, Alexander
Fortune compared with, 175
McKinley comments of, 194
and McKinley meeting with NAAC delegates, 178
and Murray role in NAAC, 183
Murray voting rights letter to, 183
and NAAC, 174–75, 176, 177, 178, 183, 184, 194, 202, 204, 206–7, 315–16, 318, 320, 410
and NAACP, 319
War Department, US, 198, 199, 200, 201, 224, 360
War of 1812, 21
Ware, John F. W., 14, 24
Warner, Brainard H., 110, 111, 241, 242, 245
Washington Bee
and American Negro Exhibit at Paris Exhibition, 230
and Astwood incident, 161–62
and backsliding, 162, 168, 169, 170
black elite articles in, 62, 93, 218, 409
and Bruce (Roscoe) case, 362
and Capital Savings Bank failure, 273
Chase article in, 283
and civil service reform, 120
and Clef Club Orchestra at Carnegie Hall, 311
and discrimination in Washington, 335, 337, 369
and education of Murray children, 123, 124
and elections of 1896, 137
and elections of 1908, 308
and Evans (Bruce) appointment to Board of Education, 270
and Evans (Bruce)-Board of Education case, 330, 331–32
and GAR annual encampment, 243, 244–45, 246, 247
and Grimshaw discrimination, 334
and Harpers Ferry retreats, 107, 318, 374
and housing discrimination, 333
and Howard Theater, 346
and Howard University incident, 169
and inaugural ball (1921), 372
interview of Murray about his book by, 235
and Jamestown Exposition, 304, 305
Library of Congress articles in, 149, 154, 155
and McKinley inaugural balls, 142
Murray (Anna) comments in, 301, 362
and Murray (Anna) musical abilities, 137
and Murray at Library of Congress, 149, 154
Murray-Chase debate in, 283
and Murray encyclopedia, 325
and Murray family as black elites, 92
and Murray family vacations at Harpers Ferry, 318, 374
Murray (Henry) comments by, 343
and Murray honorary degree from Wilberforce, 356–57
and Murray social standing, 238
and Murray wealth, 111
and Myers (Henrietta) wedding, 73
and Roosevelt inauguration, 288
“Women Who Are Doing Something” article in, 301
Washington, Benjamin, 333
Washington, Booker T.
activism of, 173–74
and American Negro Exhibit at Paris Exhibition, 224, 228–29
and Armstrong Manual Training School dedication, 270
criticisms of, 282–83
discrimination against, 249
and DuBois, 173–74, 315
and emigration of blacks from South, 278
equality as goal of, 173
and help for blacks, 281
Horner luncheon for, 296
ideology of, 173–74
and Irwin bill, 262–63
and Jamestown Exposition, 304
and mechanical training, 173
Murray as partisan of, 282
and Murray encyclopedia, 324
Murray relationship with, 282
and Murray’s amalgam of views, 282
NAAC and, 177, 208–9, 315–16, 319
and patronage, 282, 316
and Pen and Pencil Club, 295, 296
and politics, 209
and preservation of Douglass home, 295, 296
reputation of, 209
Roosevelt White House dinner with, 269
Washington Cadet Corps program, 92
Washington Civic Association, 320–21
Washington Critic, 96
Washington, DC
African-American churches in, 61–62
backsliding of blacks in, 160–71
black class structure in, 62
black elites in 1890s, 4
black participation in government of, 180–81, 195–96, 200
black population in, 16, 62, 180, 379
and black troops for Spanish-American War, 197–98
black/white dividing line in, 334
centennial commemoration of, 216
civil rights in, 206
congressional control of, 167
congressional funding for, 109–10
cultural flowering of Northwest, 379–82
discrimination/segregation in, 247–48, 265–66, 321–22, 337–39, 345–47, 369–70, 373, 397–98
Emancipation celebration in, 100
emancipation in, 16, 17
Evans (Henry) family relocation to, 58–59
home rule in, 139, 144, 195, 321–22, 414
McKinley-Murray meeting about, 144
Murray relocation to, 14–15, 16
NAACP branch in, 353–55, 356
“Negro crime” in, 365–668
Prohibition in, 370
public accommodation laws in, 64–65
public schools in, 298–301, 329–33
race wars in, 365–68, 406
taxation in, 108–10
U Street/Shaw neighborhood, 345–47, 348, 368, 379, 404–5, 406–7
voting rights in, 16–17, 181
Washington birthday celebration in, 24–26
“white flight” in, 333
See also specific topics
Washington, George
celebration of birthday of, 24–26
and Fraunces legend, 392
pictures of, 20, 25
Washington Herald, 98
Washington Hotel: and White House Conference on Child Health and Protection, 395
Washington Monument, 16, 388
Washington Post
and American Negro Exhibit at Paris Exhibition appropriation, 225–26
and backsliding, 165
and discrimination/segregation issues, 249, 300, 336, 337
and escorts for Dewey, 1
Geyer Restaurant comments in, 344–45
Leary (Henrietta Evans) obituary in, 318
Library of Congress article in, 148
Murray letter to, 249
and National Sociological Society conference, 277
and Roosevelt inauguration, 288
and St. Luke’s vestry-rector disagreements, 83
Washington (Booker T.) incident, 249
and Washington race war, 366, 367
Washington Times, 152, 153, 277, 307
Washingtonians (Ellington band), 348
Watkins, George T., 11
Watson, John, 54–55
Wayland, Alexander, 99
Weary Blues (Hughes), 381
Weekly Louisianan, 161
Welcome Ball (Grand Armory Hall, 1889), 96
Weld, Angelina Grimké, 66
Weller, M. I., 241–42, 243, 244, 287, 288
Wells-Barnett, Ida, 140, 176, 177, 203, 319, 343, 354, 390
West Virginia Collegiate Institute, 314
West Virginia State University, 314
“What It Means to Be Colored in the Capital of the United States” (Mary Church Terrell), 338
White, George H.
anti-lynching bill of, 203, 205, 206, 208, 221
awards/honors for, 178–79
and backsliding, 169
and black troops in Spanish-American War, 197
and discrimination, 264
and Irwin bill, 262
McKinley meeting with Murray, Lynch and, 197
and Murray 52nd birthday celebration, 276
and NAAC, 177, 178–79, 180, 182, 203, 205, 206, 207, 208, 238
as North Carolina congressional representative, 141, 169, 178, 208, 221
parting congressional speech of, 221
and Pen and Pencil Club, 237, 238
and Roosevelt inauguration, 287
and voting rights, 182
White, Gladys. See Powell, Gladys
White House
African American artists at, 74
Cleveland-Douglass at reception in, 90
Roosevelt 1904 Harvard class reunion at, 398–99
Roosevelt-Murray meeting at, 263
Roosevelt-National Sociological Society delegates meeting at, 279
Roosevelt-Washington (Booker T.) dinner at, 269
White House Conference on Child Health and Protection, 394–95
White House Historical Association, 230
White, Jane, 379
white supremacists, 3, 4, 159, 160, 166–67, 370, 409, 411
White, Walter F., 378, 379, 385, 394, 396, 403
whites
and mixed-race ancestry, 293, 298
and Murray theory of racial hierarchy, 250–60
passing as, 139, 257, 259, 386
reactions to black elites by, 68–69, 168
Whitney, Eli, 292–93
Wilberforce University, 10, 69, 325, 327
Murray honorary degree from, 356–57
Wilbur, Ray Lyman, 395
Wilkinson, John F. N., 26–27, 276, 326
Willard Hotel
civil service reform meeting at, 118–19
and White House Conference on Child Health and Protection, 395
Williams, Sampson, 92
Willis, Cornelia Grinnell, 231
Willson, Joseph, 65–66, 70
Willson, Josephine. See Bruce, Josephine Willson
Wilmington, North Carolina: race riots in, 175–76, 252
Wilson, Butler R., 121, 124, 180, 188, 287, 304, 319, 354–55, 359, 385
Wilson, Edward, 385
Wilson, Eliza. See Murray, Eliza Wilson (mother)
Wilson, Henry, 13
Wilson, Mary Evans. See Evans, Mary (Anna’s sister)
Wilson, Woodrow, 334–35, 336, 343, 365, 372, 379
Wisconsin State Historical Society, 405–6
Woman’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU), 190
women
black men’s views about white, 289–90
and leap year, 72–73
and manual training, 114–15
and Murray (Anna) as activist, 297–98
Murray (Anna) defense of black, 297–98
Murray (Henry) views about, 289–90
and NAAC, 179
and physical education, 120–21
and politics, 185
rights of, 25
in South, 186
voting rights for, 343, 371
See also specific people or organizations
Women’s Club of Evanston, 190
Women’s Era magazine, 120–21
Woodhull, Victoria C., 25
Woodlawn Cemetery, 163–64, 169, 359, 361, 386, 388, 398, 404
Wood’s Business School (New York City), 312
Woodson, Carter G., 351, 366–67, 377, 381, 393
World Today magazine, 276
World War I, 359–60
World’s Cyclopedia Company, 324, 328, 329, 375
World’s Industrial and Cotton Centennial Exposition (New Orleans, 1884), 241
Wormley Agreement, 65, 159, 166
Wormley, Alice. See Francis, Alice Wormley
Wormley, Edith. See Minton, Edith Wormley
Wormley Hotel (Washington, DC), 63, 65, 69
Wormley, James Sr., 26, 62, 63, 64, 69
Wright, Richard R., Sr., 212
Yale University: and Murray encyclopedia, 328–29
Yellin, Jean Fagan, 231
Young, John Russell, 147–48, 153–55, 156, 157–58, 223, 233
Young Men’s Christian Association (YMCA), 345
Young Women’s Christian Association (YWCA), 342, 345