INDEX

Aden, 305

Africa, xi, 260, 303–5 (fig. 56)

Agra, 47, 78, 197, 201, 216, 217, 220, 259, 261; Fort, 213, 241, 274, 290, 291; Mughal capital, 231–32; riverfront gardens, 231, 235; tomb of I’timad-ud-Daulah, 220, 231, 290

Akbar, 20, 102, 166–67, 208, 216, 219, 295, 308; Fatehpur Sikri, 185, 216, 232, 258, 280, 346n57; tomb, 220

Akshardam Temple, 299–300

Amherst, Lady Sarah, 40, 55, 77, 85, 87, 88, 103, 104, 148–49; Amherstia nobilis, 149–51, 174, 178; botanical study, 174; golden pheasant, 174, 335n107

Amherst, Lady Sarah Elizabeth (daughter), 77–78, 174

Amherst, Lord, 105

Arabian Nights, 29, 186, 189

Archaeological Survey of India (ASI), 199, 201–2, 222, 229, 243, 244–48, 254, 291, 293, 299

Archer, Maj. Edward, 100, 186

Ashoka, 133, 229; Bull, 346n53

Assam, 41, 47–48, 100, 162, 176, 314; tea-growing in, 157–58

Auckland, Lord, 46, 68, 70, 88, 105–6, 113, 312–13

Augusta, Princess, 14, 143

Aurangzeb, 20, 106, 207, 213, 226, 238, 239

Awadh (Oudh), 181, 183, 184, 187, 196; annexation, 187–88; king’s exile in Calcutta, 71. See also Lucknow

Babur, 260; Baburnama, 167; dislike of Hindustan, 8, 19, 60, 210, 230–31; Garden of Fidelity, 210, Pl. 18; love of gardens, 7, 19, 102, 129, 208, 210, 211, 231, 235, 255, 258, 280

Bacon, Francis, 304, 312

Bahadur Shah (Zafar), 240, 243–44, 341n41

Baikie, Dr., 121–22, 124

Baker, Sir Herbert, 217, 260, 270, 274, 283

Bangalore, xii, 4, 122, 130–36, 280, 294, 298, 301, 348n97; bungalows, 131–32 (fig. 25), 135; Lal Bagh, xii, 133–34, 136 (fig. 26), 139–41, 176, 298, Pl. 27; Residency, 133

Banks, Sir Joseph, 143–44, 149, 157, 162, 178, 179

banyan trees, 29, 59, 91, 95, 174, 285, Pl. 8, 12

Baroda, 273, 285 (fig. 53)

Barrackpore, 31, 62, 83–96 passim (fig. 22), 175, 297, Pl. 5, 7, 8; menagerie, 84, 86, 161–62; 1857 Mutiny, 92, 182, 244

Benares (Varanasi), 4, 52, 60, 156, 167, 221, 299

Bengal, 20, 21, 46–47, 51, 68, 87, 96, 149, 153, 181, 259, 297; Bay of, 24, 63, 114

Bentinck, Lord, 86, 216–17, 339n61, 66; Lady, 78

Bernier, François, 98, 106, 163, 201, 202, 207, 209, 219, 223, 233, 235, 238, 247, 281

Bombay (Mumbai), 2, 15, 20, 21, 24, 28, 33–36, 51, 60, 97, 100, 122, 184, 280, 348n96; Elphinstone Circle and Gardens, 50, 59 (fig. 16); Malabar Hill, 30; Parel, 89–90, Pl. 6; summer bungalows, 98–99; Victoria Gardens, 50, Pl. 2; Victoria Terminus, 131; University, 299, Pl. 32

botanical gardens, 141–43, 303, 307: Darjeeling, 153 (fig. 27); Mauritius (Pamplemousses), 143; Saharanpur, 146, 152; St. Vincent, 143, 171, 303. See also Calcutta Botanic Garden; Dapuri; Kew

botanical illustration, 164, 166–69, 172–76

boxwallahs, 22, 101, 119

Brighton Pavilion, 7, 56, 196 Brindavan Gardens (Krishnaraja Sagara), 287, 288, Pl. 26

Brown, Capability, xi, 31, 33, 67, 85, 164, 219

Buchanan, Francis, 130, 161

Buddha, Buddhism, 5, 12, 149, 172, 220, 284; Buddhacarita, 6

Burton, Richard, 121, 122, 126

Calcutta (Kolkata), 15, 20–21, 24, 28, 34, 35, 37, 48, 55, ch. 2 passim, 97, 104, 115, 119, 122, 158, 160, 167, 170, 184, 242, 258–59, 280, 306; Alipur, 65, 66, 83; Belvedere, 65, 67, 81, 268; Botanic Garden, 87, 93, 146–52, 161, 168, 174, 187, 325n47; Chowringhee, 65, 66, 72; Eden Gardens, 50, 74; flower market, Pl. 1; Garden Reach, 65–68, 71–72, 83, 170, 314; Government House, 64, 73–81 (figs. 18–20), 88, 96, 241, Pl. 4; maidan, 65, 73–75, 77, Pl. 3; Marble Palace, 71; St. Paul’s Cathedral, 73; South Park St. Cemetery, 67, 147, 172; Tollygunge Club, 297, Pl. 30; Victoria Memorial, 224–26 (fig. 44)

Canning, Lady Charlotte, 26, 29–30, 55, ch. 2 passim, 107, 119, 151, 312, Pl. 7; botanical illustration, 175, Pl. 8; design for Cawnpore sculpture, 194; durbars, 194, 248; grave, 94–95, 297, 327n121, Pl. 29; Highcliffe, 90; Lady Canning’s Seat, 93, 125, 298; visit to the Nilgiris, 124–25

Canning, Lord, 77, 88, 92, 94–95, 151, 194, 244, 297

Carey, William, 55, 87

Cawnpore (Kanpur), 40, 194–96 (fig. 35), 314; Angel of the Resurrection, 194, 292

Ceylon, 153–54, 158, 169, 314

Chandi Chowk (Delhi), 233, 237, 238, 245, 246, 260, 272, 277, 281, 283

Charnock, Job, 63, 76

Chatsworth. See Duke of Devonshire

Cheltenham, 123, 128, 134

chunam, 29, 36, 185

Churchill, Winston, 40, 132

cinchona, 145, 153–54, 179

Clive, Edward, 30–32, 161

Clive, Lady Henrietta, 13, 24, 30, 130–31, 140, 310, 332n3, 335n101

Clive, Robert, 21, 70

Coonor, 99, 124, 125, 298

Crystal Palace, xii, 176; in Lal Bagh, 176, Pl. 15

Cubbon, Sir Mark, 133, 136

Curzon: Lord, 75, 81–83, 88, 92, 95–96, 114, 116, 288, 297; dislike of Simla, 118–19; durbar of 1902–3, 250–53, 272, 294; restoration of Taj Mahal, ch. 6 passim, 290, 314; opposition to New Delhi, 258, 259

Curzon, Lady Mary, 94, 95, 109, 252–53, 269, 344n113

Cuthell, Edith, 43, 48, 50, 53, 58, 182, 190–93 passim

Dacca, 52; cotton, 146

Dalhousie, Lord, 74, 108, 122, 179–80; Dalhousie Square (Calcutta), 75

Dalrymple, William, 7, 35, 128, 223, 245, 293

Daniell, Thomas and William, 56, 64, 203–4 (fig. 39), 218, Pl. 19

Dapuri, 177 (fig. 31)

Dara Shikoh, 237, 241; Album, 167, Pl. 13

Darjeeling, 60, 93–94, 99, 106, 107, 119, 120; botanical garden, 153 (fig. 27), 163; tea, 158

Deegah, 48–49

deforestation: Delhi Ridge, 278, 296; Himalayas, 179–80; Kashmir, 296; Nilgiri Hills, 126, 296–97

Dehra Dun, 119, 300

Delhi, 15, 37, 60, 83, 96, 98, 128, 152, 167; decline in eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, 184, 188, 227–28 (fig. 45), 239–41; durbars, 248–56 (fig. 48, 49); pre-Mughal rulers, 228–30; Shahjahanabad, 232–39, 258 (fig. 46); under British control, 239– 56; 1857 and its aftermath, 243–47, 260. See also Red Fort

Devonshire, Duke of, 68, 124, 162, 165, 178, 219

Dietrich, Marlene, 154

Dilkusha (Lucknow), 185–86, 188, 191; Dil Kusha (“Metcalfe’s Folly,” Delhi), 242

Dufferin, Lady, 2, 32, 35, 42, 44, 49, 76, 103, 104, 109, 113–16, 120, 190, 192

Dufferin, Lord, 75, 113–16

Duncan, Sara, 110–11, 129, 306

durbars, 42, 80, 293, 304; 1877, 248–49; 1902–3, 248–53 (fig. 48), 272; 1911, 253–56, 257

East India Company (British), 4, 20–21, 26, 31, 35, 37, 63, 66, 83, 97, 99, 100, 101, 123, 142, 147, 149, 161, 185, 207, 285; directors, 30, 76, 146; support of botanical research, 169; trade in tea and opium, 155–58

Eden: Emily, 23, 46, 60–61, 68, 70, 78–79, 84, 88, 105, 107, 108, 111–13, 127–28, 134–35, 186, 222, 240, 312; Eden Gardens, 50, 74; fragility of imperialism, 128, 182

Edward VII, 133, 253; Emperor of India, 249–50. See also Prince of Wales

Elizabeth I, Queen, 20, 22

Elphinstone, Montstuart, 37, 89–90

Emerson, William, 225–26

Fay, Eliza, 29, 65, 67

Fenton, Elizabeth, 59, 67

Firoz Shah Tughlak, 229–30, 295

Fitzpatrick, James Achilles, 32–34, 139–40

Forbes, James, 4, 9, 13, 23, 36, 50, 53–55, 312

Fortune, Robert, 160

Gandhi, Mahatma, 2, 127

Ganges, 61, 63, 64, 89, 94, 119, 156, 195; fish, 161

Garden of Eden, 12, 13, 71, 142, 148, 149

Gardner, William Linnaeus, 36–37, 242, 313

garlands, 2–4 (fig. 1)

George III, King, 143, 144

George V, King, 254–59, 263, 273, 293

George, Walter, 275–77, 293

ghosts, 196, 298, 350n30

Gibson, John, 165

Goddens, 47, 53; Jon and Rumer, 51

Govindoo, 169

Graham, Maria, 25, 35, 36, 57, 77, 83, 168, 310

Griffith, William, 150–51, 162

Haidar Ali, xii, 21, 28, 130, 136, 139; Lal Bagh, 139, 141

Hamilton, Capt. Alexander, 24, 65, 66

Hampstead Garden Suburb, 257, 263

Hampton Court, 141, 272

Hardinge, Lady, 258, 262–64

Hardinge, Lord, 75, 119, 253–55, 258, 261, 268, 274

Hastings, Lord (Earl of Moira), 77, 218; Lady Flora, 87

Hastings, Warren, 21, 56, 65–66, 157, 185; Belvedere, 65, 67, 81; Daylesford, 55, 81; Hastings House, 81–83; Lady (Marian Imhoff), 81–82; naturalist, 161, 163; Zoffany painting of, 82 (fig. 21)

Hayat Baksh. See Red Fort

Heber, Bishop Reginald, 8, 30, 40, 67, 68, 70, 73, 76, 89, 148, 240

Himalayas, xii, 55, 93–94, 99, 101–20 passim, 152, 153, 195, 303, 314; plant hunting in, 162–65 (fig. 29), 174, 179, 180

Hinduism, 6, 12; caste and food taboos, 35, 81, 326n87; deities, 5, 56, 101–2, 127, 134, 187, 221, 228; festivals, 243; gardens, 4–5, 15, 219, 278

Hodges, William, 56, 203–4 (fig. 38)

Hodgson, Col. J. A., 200–201 (fig. 37), 226

Hooker, Sir Joseph Dalton, xii, 68, 100, 107, 150, 162; botanizing in the Himalayas, 163–65 (fig. 29), 168, 169, 179, 180; director of Kew, 145–46, 151, 154

Hooker, Sir Wiliam, 145–46, 150, 151, 165

Hughli River, 63, 65, 96, 146

Humayun, 211; Tomb, 211–12 (fig. 42), 213, 220, 246, 268, 274, 293, 343n84; water palace, 341n17

Hyde Park, 67, 68, 74, 245, 250

Hyderabad, 140, 252, 273; Residency, 32–34 (fig. 9)

Impey, Sir Elijah, and Lady Impey, 174

Indraprastha, 228, 259

Irwin, Lord, 32, 264, 268, 285, 351n17; Lady, 264, 271

Islam, 7, 35; Islamic gardens, 7; Mohurram, 243, 342n65; social relations with Muslims, 32, 35, 243. See also Mughal gardens

Ismail, Sir Mirza, 287–88

Jahanara, 237–39; garden renamed Queen’s Gardens, 246

Jahangir, 20, 102, 129, 167, 208, 231, 280, 311

Jains, 6, 12

Jekyll, Gertrude, 13, 42, 219, 262–64, 269, 270, 278, 279, 304, 314

Jones, Anna Maria, 170–74 (fig. 30), 175

Jones, Sir William, 55, 65, 169–72, 175, 312; Royal Asiatick Society, 170

Kamasutra, 6

Kashmir, 8, 102–3, 162, 167, 223, 295–96, 308; gardens: 103, 211, 262, 267, 288, 296; Pl. 9

Kedleston Hall, 75, 219, Pl. 20

Kew, Royal Botanic Gardens, xi, 7, 30, 89, 91, 141–45 passim, 149, 151, 153–54, 174, 177, 178, 312; botanical exploration, 162, 168, 178–80; Rhododendron Dell, xi, 164

Khajuraho, 220, 221, Pl. 21

Kingdon-Ward, Frank, 306

Kipling, J. L., 45 (fig. 14), 329n65

Kipling, Rudyard, xii, 23, 34–35, 61, 72–73, 226, 348n3; City of the Dreadful Night, 66; “Glory of the Garden,” 308–9; Kim, 99; opium production, 156–57

Kirkpatrick, James Achilles, 32–33, 36

Kitchener, General, 118, 329n84

Kodaikanal, 101, 127, 174

Koenig, Johann Gerhard, 161, 171, 172

Kyd, Col. Robert, 146–47, 149

Lahore, 50, 66, 106, 152, 232, 274; Shalimar Garden, 268

Lalla Rookh (Thomas Moore), 55, 102–3, 186, 295

Landour, 99, 100, 103, 109, 119

Landsdowne, Lord and Lady, 116

lawns, 14, 37, 38 (fig. 10), 49–52, 112, 113, 116, 119, 185, 219, 285, 296, 299, 300, 302, 304, 307, 309; Delhi durbars, 250–56 passim; doob grass, 192, 268, 298; mowers, 51 (fig. 15); New Delhi, 257, 267, 268, 274, 277–78, 293, 298; Red Fort, 247; Taj Mahal, 203, 206, 223, 290, 292, 293

Lear, Edward, 40, 47, 59–60, 68, 105, 108, 119, 125, 313, 347n65; Bangalore, 131, 132, 141, 176, 195; Flora Nonsensica, 169; Taj Mahal, 203, 205, 217

Lindley, John, 145–46

Lively, Penelope, xi, 304

lotus, 1, 5–7, 174, 214, 249, 269–70, 300, 319n7, 346n53

Loudon, J. C., 176, 177

Lucknow, 2, 10, 15, 43, 48, 50, 57, 152, 167, ch. 5 passim, 268, 314; Botanical Garden, 191; Qaisar Bagh, 185, 187, 191, 193 (fig. 33); Residency, 182–84 (fig. 32), 188, 192–93 (fig. 34), 292

Lutyens, Edwin, 260–84 passim, 314; on the Taj Mahal, 261, 262, 268; visit to Red Fort, 268–69

Lutyens, Emily, 265

Lytton, Lord, 76, 106, 113, 121, 263; 1877 durbar, 248–49, 250; Lady Lytton, 80

Macaulay, Thomas Babington, 121, 124, 312

Madras (Chennai), 15, 20, 21, 47, 57–58, 97, 122, 123, 132, 147, 168, 242, 280, 288; Chepauk Palace, 31; Choultry Plain, 26, 27; early history, 24–32, 34–35, 37, 184; Fort St. George, 24 (fig. 4), 27 (fig. 5), 30; garden houses, 26–29 (fig. 6); Government Houses, 30–33 (fig. 7, 8), 36, 124, 297; MGR Memorial Arch, 292; St. Thomas Mount, 26; Triplicane, 30

Mahabaleshwar, 100

Mahabharata, 6, 228

Mahtab Bagh (moonlight garden), 9; Agra, 5, 215–16, 290, 291; Delhi, 235, 236, 244–45, 255–56

maidans, 50, 65; Calcutta, 73–75, 77, Pl. 3

Maitland, Julia, 56–58, 132

malis, 40–42 (fig. 12), 45, 47, 81, 219, 265, 295, 301–2

manuals, garden, 42–46 (fig. 13), 49–50, 53

Martin, Claude, 185, 187

Mary, Queen, 255, 271

Mashobra, 117–18 (fig. 24)

Mayo, Lord, 75; Lady, 80

medicinal plants, 12, 142, 152–53 (fig. 27), Ayurvedic medicine, 12, 160; physic gardens, 141

Metcalfe, Charles, 36, 107, 241, 243, 342n62

Metcalfe, Emily, 242, 245

Metcalfe, Thomas, 241–43, 343n68, Pl. 22

Minto, Lord, 84; Lady, 116

Moonlight Garden. See Mahtab Bagh

Mount Kailash, 101, 127

Moynihan, Elizabeth, 215

Mughals, 14, 20, 76, 184, 227–29, 256, 257, 258; botanical illustration, 166–67; gardens, 7–10, 12, 14–15, 19, 24, 33, 37, 49, 56, 70, 139, 187, 197, 206–16, 278–80, 306, 308, 311, 340n10; Kashmir, 102–3, 128; penchant for opium, 156. See also individual rulers

Mumtaz Mahal, 209, 212, 213, 232, 286

Mundy, Peter, 207–9

Munro, Sir Thomas, 32, 121, 125, 161, 297; Lady Munro, 32, 36

Mussoorie, 99, 101, 103, 119–20, 127, 153

Mustoe, William Robertson, 264–65, 293–95, 314

Mysore, 122, 127, 130, 133, 140, 161, 287

Naini Tal, 99, 116

Napier, Col. Robert, 189

nautches 9, 190

Nehru, Jawaharlal, 224, 291, 300–301, 312

New Delhi, 47, 190, 217, 226, 243, ch. 8 passim (fig. 52), 292–93, 306, 314; Commonwealth Games, 294, 299; Connaught Place, 273, 274, 277, 282; Government House (Viceroy’s House, later Rashtrapati Bhavan), 261, 264, 271, 279–80, 283–84, 293, 294; Imperial Hotel, 298, Pl. 31; Jaipur Column, 269; King’s Way (Processional Way, later Raj Path), 257, 261, 273, 274, 276–77, 283, 284, 288 (fig. 55), 293 Pl. 24; Lodi Garden, 274, 347n73; Mughal Garden, 264–72 (fig. 50, 51), 293, 313, Pl. 23; Purana Qila, 259–61; Talkatora Gardens, 246, 275; War Memorial, 273

Nilgiri Hills, 49, 92–93, 99–100, 121–26, 296, 314; invasion of Australian trees, 126; tea, 158, Pl. 1. See also Ootacamund

North Marianne, 169, 175, 205, 218, 244; gallery at Kew, 176; Pl. 17

Nur Jahan, 167, 311

Ochterlony, David, 36, 75, 241, 242, 342n62

Ootacamund, 99, 121–27 passim, 175, 180, 296–97, 298; Botanical Garden, 124, 175, 297; cinchona, 153–54; Government House, 124, 125, 297; Hunt Club, 297–98

opium, 156, 314; factory at Ghazipur, 156– 57; War, 1838–42, 157

Orlich, Baron von, 47, 187, 285, 305

Paradise, in Qur’an, 10, 12, 207, 213, 215– 16, 223, 283; in Milton, 148

parks, 58, 286–91, 307

Parks [Parkes], Fanny, 10, 37, 52, 54–56, 60, 98–101, 103–5, 120, 134, 186, 227; Taj Mahal, 203, 209, 222

Parsees, 35, 68, 127

Paxton, Joseph, 68, 124, 287

peepal tree (bo), 5, 54, 61, 270, 276, 347n78

Pelsaert, Francisco, 231

photography in India, 88, 191, 205, 213

picturesque, the, 60–61, 85, 90, 131, 218, 313

potted plants, 38–39 (fig. 11), 53, 131 (fig, 25), 132, 133, 242, 278, Pl. 31

Prince of Wales: visit to India, 2, 176, 182, 189, 222, 250. See also Edward VII

Prinsep, Val, 249, 328n15

railroads, 72–73, 104, 106, 126, 134, 135, 180, 245

Raj Ghat, 291, Pl. 28

Rajputs, 8, 229, 252, 306, 312; Amber Fort, 8 (fig. 2)

Ramayana, 2, 6

Ranelagh, 155, 187

Reading, Lady, 28, 116, 117, 119, 272–73

Red Fort (Delhi), 233–38 (fig. 47), 241, 260, 268, 279–80; Diwan-i-Am, 247–48, 253, 254; Diwan-i-Khas, 237, 247, 253, 254; Hayat Baksh, 235–38, 244, 247, 254–55 (fig. 49), 269; Moti Masjid, 245, 269; post-1857, 244–48, 258, 293; Rang Mahal, 5, 247, 270. See also Delhi; New Delhi

rhododendrons, xi, 107–8, 110, 163–64, 176

Ridge (Delhi), 228, 250–51, 259, 262, 278, 295, 296

Roberts, Emma, 29, 36, 40, 46, 48–49, 54, 69, 80, 185, 241; Barrackpore, 85–87, 89

Robinson, William, 42, 43, 219

Roe, Sir Thomas, 275

Roshanara Garden, 239, 240, 246, 294

Roxburgh, William, 147, 167–68

Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 169

Royal Horticultural Society, 162

Royle, John Forbes, 152

Rungiah, 169

Ruskin, John, 93, 135

Russell, Patrick, 170, 172

Russell, William Howard, 185, 187–90 passim, 218, 222

Sakuntala, 170, 171

Samru, Begum, 243, 342n64

Sarnath, 220–21, 261, 345n25

scent, importance of, 7, 9, 13, 56–57, 203, 207–9, 302

Scindia, Maharaja of Gwalior, 252

Scots in India, 160–61, 168, 169, 304

Serampore, 87, 147

Shah Jahan, 50, 78, 224, 226, 255, 260, 283; creation of Shajahanabad, 223, 226, 232–39 (fig. 46), 280–81; “flowermania,” 167, 211; Peacock Throne, 233, 239; Taj Mahal, 197, 198, 206, 209, 211, 213, 215, 216, 223

Shalimar Garden, 133; Delhi, 238, 241, 245; Lahore, 238, 268; Kashmir, 211, 238; Sibpor, 146, 147

Sikkim, 162, 163, 179

Simla (Shimla), 83, 96, 99, 103, 104–20 passim, 122, 127, 258, 295, 298; Barnes Court, 112, 118; Peterhof, 113, 114, 116; picture-postcard England, 128–29; Viceregal Lodge, 111–16 (fig. 23), 295

Singh, Patwant, 257, 283, 295

Sleeman, William, 201; Mrs. Sleeman, 222

Spear, Percival, 65, 81, 229

Srirangapatnam. See Tipu Sultan

Stanley, Lady Beatrix, 32, 47, 53, 175, 268

Steel, Flora Annie, 45–46, 52, 53, 57, 310, 344n113

Sujaya, C. P., 301–2, 312

Sullivan, John, 121–23, 125

Surat, 9, 20, 24, 64

Tagore, Dwarkanath, 35, 70; Jorasanko, 70, 297

Tagore, Rabindranath, 5, 70–72 (fig. 17), 297

Taj Mahal, 5, 195, ch. 6 passim (figs. 37–43), 268; floral decoration, 213–15 (fig. 43), Pl. 16, 17, 19; Lutyens’s disdain for, 261–62; proposed changes, 290–91; Taj Ganj, 199 (fig. 36), 209–10, 213

Tavernier, Jean-Baptiste, 219, 233, 275

tea, 145, 146, 159 (fig. 28), 179, 314; drinking in England, 154–55; drinking in India, 159–60, 326n87; and opium, 157

Tennyson, Alfred Lord, 182, 184, 292

terai, 94, 119

Theosophy, 112, 265

Timur (Tamerlane), 19, 76, 229, 231

Tipu Sultan, 130–31, 136, 139–40; defeat at Srirangapatnam, 21, 30, 76, 77, 130, 140, 161; embassy to Louis XVI, 140; Lal Bagh, 139–40; mechanical tiger, 321n7

Trevelyan, Charles, 31, 297, 343n67

Uprising of 1857, 62, 88, 92, 136, 175, 182– 84, 188, 194, 196, 199, 243–47, 260, 292. See also Cawnpore; Delhi; Lucknow

Valentia, Lord, 29, 52, 76, 147–48, 150

Vauxhall, 104, 155, 187, 196

Vedas, 12, 171

Versailles, 237, 238, 285

Victoria, Queen, 63, 88–89, 94, 95, 124, 143, 175, 224, 245, 249, 302; Empress of India, 248; statues of, 133, 226, 260, 297; Victoria Memorial Hall, 224–26 (fig. 44), 259, 285 (fig. 54), 297; Victoria amazonica (Victoria regia), 74, 151, 178, 269–70

Villiers-Stuart, Constance, 9, 44, 222, 245, 246, 255–56, 262, 268, 313

Wallich, Nathaniel, 87, 88, 147, 150, 164, 165, 174

Wardian case, 164–65

Wellesley, Lord Richard, 31, 64, 75–76, 83, 85–87, 259; naturalist, 161

Western Ghats, 100; tea, 158, 159 (fig. 28), 168, 314

Wight, Robert, 123, 168–69, 179

Willingdon, Lady, 271, 280, 347n73; Park, 274

Wren, Christopher, 261–62, 272

Yamuna River, 54, 119, 120, 210, 228, 235, 260, 294, 299

Zayn al-Din, 172, 174

zenana (purdah) gardens, 10, 11 (fig. 3), 12, 33, 37, 194, 235, 244, 265, 270, 296