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Act of Independency, 104
on Act of Independency, 104
on Committee of Five, 142
Common Sense criticized by, 123–24
Declaration of Independence and, 12, 15, 72, 144, 145, 146, 147, 149, 152, 187
Hancock smuggling trial and, 44–45, 46, 47–51, 52
independence endorsed by, 114, 124, 137–38
on Jefferson’s abilities, 142, 143
meeting with King George, 179, 180–82
royal advocate position declined by, 45, 48
trade concerns recorded by, 98, 100, 101–2, 105
Adams, Samuel, 22, 27–29, 31, 32, 80, 84, 114
administrative state, 4, 5, 6, 85, 86, 184, 185
admiralty courts, 45, 46–47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52
American Crisis, The (Paine), 126
American Prohibitory Act, 91
American Revolution. See war for independence
American society, current state of, xi, xv
ammunition, trading of, 99–100
Attachment Clause, attachments dispute, 57–58, 67, 68, 69, 74–76
Augustine, St., 155
Aylett, William, 134
Bancroft, George, 80
Battle of Alamance, 55
Bell, Robert, 117
big government. See centralized government; government expansion and overreach
Bill of Rights, 40
Boggs, Lilburn, xvi–xvii
Boston, Massachusetts
as trade hub, 23–24
Boston Harbor, Liberty seized from, 43–44
Boston Massacre, 43
Boston Tea Party, 80–81, 82, 84, 87
Botetourt, Governor, 32, 34–35, 38
Boyd, Julian, 15, 72, 143–44, 145, 146, 151
British class system, 115
British Empire, 23, 76, 84, 104, 123, 156, 181. See also Great Britain
British Parliament. See Parliament, British
bureaucrats, bureaucracy, xiv–xv, 2, 6, 79, 86, 185
Burgoyne, John, 174
Burke, Edmund, 162, 165, 166, 169–70
Carter, Robert “King,” 134
centralized government. See also government expansion and overreach
encroachment by, xiii, xiv, xv, 3, 5, 6, 9, 184–85
Charles I, King, 160–61
Charming Polly (ship), 89, 90, 91, 93, 94–95, 97, 102
Chase, Samuel, 100
Cherokee nation, and removal from Georgia, 72–73
Chevron v. Natural Resources Defense Council, 1
Circular Letter, Massachusetts, 26–32, 34, 35, 37–38
Clinton, Hillary, 3–4
coat of arms, royal, 17–18, 24–25
Coffee, John, 73
colonists, colonies
differences among, 113–14
in French and Indian War, 25
independence declared by, 160, 161
legislatures of (see legislatures, colonial)
occupation of British troops and, 16, 44, 79, 113, 115
rights of
deprivation of, xii, xiii, 22, 50, 138, 165–66
as English subjects, 28, 36–37, 122, 160
salutary neglect and, 46
taxation of, 21–23, 25, 26, 27, 36, 54, 63, 76, 77, 81–84, 86, 114–15, 122, 165
Committee of Five, 12, 72, 126, 142, 145, 151, 152
Common Sense (Paine), 97, 109, 117–18, 119–26, 127, 132
Congress, U.S., 1, 6, 75, 85, 86, 185–86
Constitution, U.S., xi, xii, 6, 40, 52, 86, 186, 188
Continental Association, 98
Continental Congress, First, 98
Continental Congress, Second
atmosphere of, 11–12
Committee of Five appointed by, 12, 142
Common Sense and, 122–23, 125–26
Declaration of Independence and, 12, 16, 18–19, 147, 151, 161, 187, 188
independence concerns of, 114, 116, 122–23, 126, 136
North Carolina delegates to, 70–71, 98
Olive Branch Petition approved by, 167–68, 169
peace offer rejected by, 178
self-government resolution of, 137–38
trade debates of, 97–106
Cushing, Thomas, 26, 27, 29, 31
Dartmouth, Lord, 59–60, 63–64, 66–67, 68, 69, 169, 170
Deane, Silas, 99–100
Declaration of Independence
Americans’ unfamiliarity with, xii, 7–9, 184
benefits of rediscovering, xv, xvii
Common Sense’s influence on, 125–26, 127
vs. Constitution, xii, xvii, 6
debate over, 11–12
editing of, 12, 14–15, 72, 143–44, 145–46, 151
equality addressed in, xiii, 7, 155, 184, 187, 188, 189
Frederick Douglass on, 154, 155–56
good governments defined in, 5
grievances detailed in, xii, xiv, 4–5, 8, 21, 51, 53, 71–72, 77, 89, 149–50, 165, 184
guiding light role of, 190
Jefferson’s authorship of, xii, xiv, xv, 4–5, 7, 12, 51, 71–72, 86, 126, 127, 129, 142–43, 146–47, 149–51, 165, 187
Lincoln’s view of, 188–89
modern-day relevance of, xiii, 184–86
printing and dissemination of, 16–17, 162
reconciliation hopes ended by, 162, 166
rights addressed in, xii–xiii, xvi–xvii, 2, 7, 130, 160, 183, 184–85
self-evident truths in, xiii, xvii, 7, 146, 183, 190
Declaration of Independence, The: The Evolution of the Text (Boyd), 143
“Declaration of the Causes and Necessity for Taking Up Arms” (Jefferson), 99, 143
Declaratory Act, 22
Dickinson, John, 99, 167, 168–69
divine right of kings, 25, 121, 161
Douglass, Frederick, 154, 155–56
Dumbauld, Edward, 56
Dunlop, John, 17
Dunmore, Lord, 130, 131, 132, 133
East India Company, 78, 79, 81
economic independence, 87, 103, 104, 105
equality, xiii, xv, 7, 121, 151, 153, 155, 165, 184, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191
Essay Concerning Human Understanding, An (Locke), 116
executive branch, 6, 40, 72–75, 85, 86, 185
fair trial, right to, 36, 37, 41, 54
Ferguson, Eugene, 90
Fisher, Sydney George, 71
flag, America’s first, 136
France, 181
support for American cause and, 134, 174, 175, 176, 177
“branding exercise” anecdote of, 13–14
on Committee of Five, 142
Declaration of Independence edited by, 12, 145, 146, 147, 187
thoughts on independence, 116
French and Indian War, 25
Gadsden, Christopher, 101
George III, King, 8, 9, 14, 15, 18, 19, 44, 49, 59–60, 65, 66, 67, 68, 70, 71, 115
abdication pondered by, 180
admiralty courts of, 45, 46, 51, 52
attachment dispute and, 58, 67, 68, 75
Burgesses’ resolutions to, 36–37, 54
Circular Letter and, 28, 30, 31
committed to war, 173–76, 177, 178–79
declarations of independence from, 134, 135, 136, 138, 173, 176 (see also Declaration of Independence)
speech to Parliament on, 157–65
economic independence from, 105, 106
grievances against, xii, xiv, 4–5, 8, 9, 114–16, 146, 165, 184, 186–87
dissolution of colonial legislatures, xiv, 21, 23, 39, 129, 186
judicial obstruction, 41, 43, 48–49, 51, 52, 53, 57, 58, 67, 68, 71, 72
taxation, 22, 77, 82, 83, 84, 86, 114–15, 122
trade restrictions, 83, 89, 91–92, 97
importance of British identity to, 163, 171
on loss of colonies, 179–82
Olive Branch Petition to, 167–70, 171
response to American rebellion, 171–72
salutary neglect ended by, 46
Gettysburg Address, xiii, 153, 190
Glennon, Patrick, 140–41
Gold State Coach, 159
government expansion and overreach, xv, 2, 4, 5, 6, 9, 22, 75–76. See also centralized government
Governor’s Palace (North Carolina), 62–63
Graff House, 140–41
Great Britain, 7, 22, 82, 90, 103, 130, 134. See also British Empire
debt of, 84
economic independence from, 87, 103, 104, 105
Jefferson’s renunciation of, 14–15
naval power of, 159–60
political independence from, 15, 103, 105, 141–42, 160
trade issues with, 91–92, 98–106
Griffin’s Wharf, Boston Tea Party on, 80, 86
Griffith, Samuel B., II, 175
Grigsby, Hugh Blair, 131
Hampden, John, 161
Hancock, John, 31, 41, 43, 114
Declaration of Independence signature of, 18
smuggling trial of, 44–45, 46, 47–51, 52
Harris, Kamala, 4
Harrison, Benjamin, 15–16, 18–19, 103, 105, 169
Hartley, David, 102
Hawks, John, 62
Hemings, Sally, 152
Henry, Patrick, 82, 131, 134–35
Hewes, Joseph, 106
Hillsborough, Lord, 29–30, 31, 34, 61
Hobbes, Thomas, 116
Hopkins, Stephen, 82–83, 83–84, 87
House of Assembly, North Carolina, 64–65, 66, 67
House of Burgesses, Virginia, 32–38, 150
dissolution of, 38, 39, 54, 129, 130–31, 132
Hutchinson, Thomas, 71, 79, 80
political, 15, 103, 105, 141–42
independence movement
endorsements of, 71, 114, 123, 124, 126, 133–35, 139, 141
resistance to, 113–14, 115–16, 134
seeds of, 186–87
Jackson, Andrew, 73
Japanese Americans, 188
Jefferson, Thomas
appearance of, 33
British people renounced by, 14–15
on Committee of Five, 126, 142
Common Sense praised by, 123
Declaration of Independence drafted by, xii, xiii, xiv, xv, 4–5, 7, 12, 51, 71–72, 86, 126, 127, 129, 142–43, 146–47, 149–51, 165, 187
Declaration of Independence editing and, 12, 14, 144–45, 146
at Graff House, 140–41
headaches of, 119, 136–37, 138, 187
industriousness of, 143
letter to Virginia Convention and, 138–39
Olive Branch Petition and, 167, 168–69
slavery and, 7, 150, 152–53, 155
on trade restrictions, 99
in Virginia House of Burgesses, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 150
Johnson, Lyndon, 4
Jonathan Sewall v. John Hancock, 49, 51
judicial branch, 72–75
judicial system, colonial
admiralty courts in, 45, 46–47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52
in North Carolina, 55–59, 65–67, 68, 70, 71, 72
right to fair trial in, 36, 37, 41
juryless trials, 43, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 186
King, Martin Luther, Jr., 190–91
Lafayette, Marquis de, 178
Lee, Arthur, 166–67, 169, 170, 171
Lee, Charles, 123
Lee, Francis Lightfoot, 167
Lee, Richard Henry, 35, 38, 104, 126, 135–36, 137, 141, 142, 167
Legge, William. See Dartmouth, Lord
legislative branch, 6, 40, 86, 186
legislatures
colonial, dissolution of, xiv, 23, 30, 32, 34, 38, 39–40, 54, 68–69, 129, 130–31, 132, 165, 186
state, modern-day, xiv, 40, 185, 186
Leviathan (Hobbes), 116
Lexington and Concord, battles of, 90, 113, 114, 117, 166
Liberty (ship), seizure of, 43–44
Lincoln, Abraham, xiii, 153, 188–90
Livingston, Robert, 100, 101, 142, 145
Locke, John, 116
Louis XVI, King, 176
Magna Carta, 48–49, 50–51, 52, 122, 160
Marshall, John, 72–73
Martin, Josiah, 54, 55, 57, 58, 59–62, 63–67, 68–70
Martin, Samuel, 61
Massachusetts legislature
Circular Letter of, 26–32, 34, 35, 37–38
McNamee, Robert, 177–78
Missouri
Mormons in, xvi–xvii
slavery in, 153
Molyneux, Francis, 157–58, 159
monarchy, rejection of, 112, 120, 121
Montague, Admiral, 81
Nicholas, Robert Carter, 134
Nixon, John, 17
Noailles, Marquis de, 176
Nonimportation Agreements, 90, 98–99
Nonimportation Resolutions, 39
North, Lord, 77, 78, 79, 102, 162, 173, 174, 176, 177, 178
North Carolina
attachments dispute in, 57–58, 67, 68, 69, 84
Governor’s Palace in, 62–63
judicial crisis in, 55–59, 65–67, 68, 70, 71, 72
legislature dissolved in, 68–69
property rights of, 75
revolutionary fervor in, 54–55, 70–71
Obamacare, 86
Ocasio-Cortez, Alexandria, 1–2
Olive Branch Petition, 167–70
O’Rourke, Robert “Beto,” 4
O’Shaughnessy, Andrew, 175
Paine, Thomas, xi, 84–85, 87, 107, 109–12, 113, 114–18, 119–27, 132, 187
Parent Tax Penalty, 85
Parliament, British
Act of Independency and, 104
colonists denied representation in, xiii, 22, 50, 81
independence of House of Commons in, 160–61
King George’s addresses to, 157–65, 171–72
peace commission approved by, 177
taxation by, 21–22, 25, 26, 27, 77, 81, 82, 83, 84, 86, 122
Penn, Richard, 166–67, 169, 170, 171
Penn, William, 167
Pennsylvania, judicial problems in, 58, 71
Pennsylvania Magazine, 112, 113, 114, 115
Philadelphia
description of, 112–13
first reading of Declaration in, 16–17
tea shipments rejected by, 78
progressives, 1–3
Prohibitory Act, 91–92, 102, 104
Quincy, Josiah, 70
Randolph, Edmund, 129, 131, 132–33, 134, 135, 187
Randolph, John, 132
Randolph, Peyton, 34, 35, 36, 38, 39, 129, 132, 133
Rasmussen, William, 153
Ready, Milton, 68
regulatory state, overgrowth of, xiii, xiv
religious intolerance, xvi–xvii, 188
Republican party, 3
Restraining Acts, 91, 99, 102, 104
rights
of colonists (see colonists, rights of)
Declaration of Independence addressing, xii–xiii, xvi–xvii, 2, 7, 130, 160, 183, 184–85
progressives’ views on, 1–3
voting, 188
Rights of Man (Paine), 84–85
Rights of the British Colonies (Otis), 27
Rights of the Colonies Examined, The (Hopkins), 82–83
Rotch, Francis, 79–80
Royal Navy, 43, 90, 91, 92–93, 94, 95–97, 101, 102, 159–60
Rutledge, Edward, 100–101
salutary neglect, 46
self-government, 130, 135, 137, 139
separation of powers, 6, 40, 52
Seven Years’ War, 25
Sewall, Jonathan, 45–46, 48, 51
Sherman, Roger, 103, 142, 144, 145
slaves, slavery, xv–xvi, 7, 105, 140–41, 149–50, 151, 152–56, 187, 188–89
smuggling trial, of John Hancock, 44–45, 46, 47–51, 52
Sons of Liberty, 80–81, 83, 84, 86
South Carolina, judicial problems in, 58, 71
spirit of 1776, loss of, xiii, 6
state legislatures, xiv, 40, 185, 186
“states” vs. “colonies,” in Declaration of Independence, 72
steel mills, attempted seizure of, 73–74
Supreme Court, U.S., 1, 6, 72–73, 74
of colonies, 21–23, 25, 26, 27, 36, 54, 63, 76, 77, 81–84, 86, 114–15, 122, 165
on tea, 26, 77, 81, 83, 87, 115
U.S. Constitution on, 86
tax code, complexity of, 85–86
tea, taxation on, 26, 77, 81, 83, 87, 115
Tea Party movement, 6
Thompson, John, 13–14
Townshend Acts, 21, 22, 26, 28, 32, 39, 81, 83
trade
of ammunition, 99–100
Continental Congress debate on, 97–106
of ideas and skills, 106–7
postwar, with Britain, 180
restricted, 83, 89, 91–92, 97, 99, 186–87
Trade and Navigation Acts, 51
Trail of Tears, 73
treason trials, 37
Trump, Donald, 8
Truxtun, Thomas, 90–91, 92–97, 102, 106
Tryon, William, 54, 55, 57, 61, 62, 63
unalienable rights, xiii, xvi–xvii, 2, 7, 130
Virginia
as Britain’s fourth realm, 132
legislature of (see House of Burgesses, Virginia)
Nonimportation Resolutions of, 39
Virginia Convention, 130–32, 133–36, 137, 138, 139, 141
voting rights, 188
war for independence, 40, 126, 127, 133, 162, 165, 166, 170, 171, 173–74, 179, 180
Warren, Elizabeth, 4
Warren, James, 101
Washington, George, xv–xvi, 25, 35, 39, 123, 124, 126, 145, 155, 178, 187, 189
Weymouth, Lord, 176
Wilson, Woodrow, 4
Witherspoon, John, 151
Worcester, Samuel, 73
Worcester v. Georgia, 72–73
Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. vs. Sawyer, 74