This list includes selections from the works referred to during the course of updating the book, examples of standard botany text books and floras, samples of specialist publications on specific topics (such as classification, or glossaries or particular families or genera), and some other works considered to be particularly useful for plant identification. Several references relate specifically to plants cultivated in gardens. For those seeking information about particular species or groups, many floras provide references with the account of each genus.
Computers and associated software have facilitated a considerable increase in the publication of identification guides for specific geographic areas (often quite restricted), or for particular plant groups such as orchids. As well, the internet now holds a huge amount of plant-related material and images readily available, and it is acknowledged that hard copy texts are not the preferred first option for many users seeking information. It has become impossible to make this reference list at all comprehensive in the space available; compared to the bibliography in previous editions of this book, this list is much more restricted.
Many herbaria are now moving away from producing hard-copy floras, or checklists of species in their respective regions, in favour of internet-based resources. One of the best of these is the Flora of Victoria, Australia (found at https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au). Some others as yet are simply the text of a previously published flora now accessible online, and await refinement of the on-screen appearance and ease of navigation.
A considerable amount of plant identification information is available in specialist botanical journals, and many of these are also now online (some no longer produced in hard copy). The CSIRO publishes the journal Australian Systematic Botany, and the herbaria in WA, SA, Qld, NSW, and Vic. each produce a journal, all of which include articles dealing with various plant groups (of course, not all relevant to identification). As well, the journals of the field naturalist clubs in each state often include articles of a more popular nature—for example, the series by Corrick in the Victorian Naturalist on the genus Pultenaea (Bush-pea).
CD-ROMs that included identification keys have been produced for several groups such as eucalypts, orchids and wattles, but this format is apparently now being overtaken by online versions and apps. Several CD-ROMS are included in this list but may no longer be available in this form.
Multi-access computer keys for several groups have been incorporated in the VicFlora online flora, and a small number of others are available via the website of the WA Herbarium (https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au).
It is important to remember that most of the following texts predate the publication of the APG classification schemes, and will follow a scheme different to that used in this book; some family circumscriptions will be affected, and some genera will appear in different families.
Grey letters in the left hand margin indicate various subject categories, which may assist in locating a relevant text: Aq aquatics, Cl classification, Cu cultivated plants, D dictionaries, E encyclopedias, F/Fg floras and field guides or similar works designed for identification, Fo fossils, G glossaries, N nomenclature, P picture books, Pf plant family, Pfs plant families, S plant structure, T trees, W weeds. Lower case letters indicate particular plant groups: a acacias, b banksias, d daisies, er eremophilas, eu eucalypts, g grasses, gr grevilleas, l legumes, m melaleucas, o orchids, p pultenaeas (bush-peas), tr triggerplants, v verticordias.
| d | ADSG [Australian Daisy Study Group] (2002) Everlasting Daisies of Australia. (C.H. Jerram and Assoc. with R.G. and F.J. Richardson, Meredith, Vic.) Covers all species then known in 12 genera, with descriptive notes and numerous photographs. |
| F | Allan H.H. (1961) Flora of New Zealand. (Govt Printer, Wellington, NZ.) Keys and descriptions for all then-known indigenous vascular plants except monocots. Vol 2 (1970) edited by Moore L.B. and Edgar E. deals with indigenous monocots except grasses. Vol. 3 (1980) edited by Healy A.J. and Edgar E. deals with adventive monocots in 23 families (excludes grasses and some others). Vol. 4 (Botany Division, D.S.I.R., Christchurch, 1988), edited by Webb C.J. et al., deals with naturalised vascular plants except monocots. Vol. 5 (2nd edn, Manaaki Whenua Press, Lincoln, 2010) by Edgar E. and Connor H.E. deals with grasses. |
| Cl | APG [Angiosperm Phylogeny Group] (1998) An ordinal classification for the families of flowering plants. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 85: 531–553 |
| Cl | APG II (2003) An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II. Botanical Journal of the Linnaean Society 141: 399–436 |
| Cl | APG III (2009) An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. Botanical Journal of the Linnaean Society 161: 105–121 |
| Cl | APG IV (2016) An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV. Botanical Journal of the Linnaean Society 181: 1–20 |
| Aq | Aston H.I. (1977) Aquatic Plants of Australia. (Melbourne University Press, Carlton.) Comprehensive, well-illustrated manual with keys. |
| W | Auld B.A. and Medd R.W. (1987) Weeds. An Illustrated Botanical Guide to the Weeds of Australia. (Inkata Press, Melbourne.) Comprehensive, with many colour photographs. Species are arranged in families. |
| o | Backhouse G. (2016) Bush Gems: A guide to the wild Orchids of Victoria, Australia. (Pdf file on CD., author published) Authoritative, comprehensive, numerous colour photographs. |
| Cu | Bailey L.H. (Rev. edn, 1949) Manual of Cultivated Plants. (Macmillan, New York.) Useful botanical handbook with keys and descriptions of families, genera and species cultivated in North America. A few illustrations accompany family descriptions. |
| Cu | Bailey L.H. and Bailey E.Z. (Rev. & expanded edn, 1976) Hortus Third. A concise dictionary of Plants Cultivated in the United States and Canada. (Macmillan Publishing Co., New York.) Encyclopaedic listing of a large number of plants with brief descriptions, and numerous entries on more general topics. |
| F | Baldwin B.G. et al., eds (2nd edn, 2012) The Jepson Manual: vascular plants of California. (Univ. of California Press, Berkeley.) Comprehensive, large format flora, with keys and descriptions, many small line drawings. |
| g | Barkworth M.E. et al. (2007) Manual of Grasses for North America. (Utah State Univ. Press, Logan, Utah.) An abridged, 1-volume version of vols. 24 and 25 of Flora of North America North of Mexico. |
| F | Bentham G. (1863–1878) Flora Australiensis. Vols 1–7. (Reeve, London, reprinted 1967 by Asher & Reeve, Amsterdam.) |
| Pf | Blomberry A.M. and Maloney B. (1992) Proteaceae of the Sydney Region. (Kangaroo Press, Kenthurst, NSW.) Good descriptions, colour photographs of more than 90 species in 14 genera. Introductory sections cover geology and floral structure. |
| W | Blood K. (2001) Environmental Weeds. A Field Guide for SE Australia. (C.H. Jerram and Assoc., Mt Waverley, Vic.) Covers over 175 species with good colour photographs, brief descriptions, and notes on ecology, means of spread, similar species. |
| T | Boland D.J. et al. (5th edn, 2006) Forest Trees of Australia. (CSIRO Publishing, Clayton, Victoria.) Some 300 species described in detail, selected for their prominence in the landscape, environmental or ornamental interest, and importance to the timber industry. Numerous black and white photographs. |
| N | Borror D.J. (1960, repr. 1971) Dictionary of word roots and combining forms. (Mayfield Publ. Co., Mountain View, Calif.) A useful list of the meanings of Latin and Greek roots, with explanatory notes. |
| N | Brickell C.D. et al. (eds, 9th edn, 2016) International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants. (International Society for Horticultural Science, Leuven, Belgium.) Sets out the rules and recommendations for naming cultivated plants. |
| S | Briggs B.G. and Johnson L.A.S. (1979) Evolution in the Myrtaceae—evidence from inflorescence structure. Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales 102(4): 157–256. |
| S | Bowes B.G. (1996) A Colour Atlas of Plant Structure. (Manson Publishing Ltd, London.) Includes excellent, extensively labelled colour photographs of plant parts from cells to flowers and leaves etc., with many close-ups and sections with detailed supplementary captions. |
| eu | Brooker M.I.H. (2000) ‘A New Classification of the genus Eucalyptus’. Australian Systematic Botany 13: 79–148. A research paper proposing the inclusion of the genus Angophora within an expanded concept of Eucalyptus, and setting out a detailed infrageneric classification. |
| eu | Brooker M.I.H. and Kleinig D.A. (1983, 1990, 1994) Field Guide to Eucalypts, vol. 1, South-eastern Australia; vol. 2, South-western and Southern Australia; vol. 3, Northern Australia. (Inkata, Melbourne and Sydney.) Includes a discussion of the important characteristics of the genus, keys, descriptions and colour photographs of all species then known in the regions. Second edn of vol. 3 (2004) and 3rd edns of vols 1 (2006) and 2 (2016) published by Bloomings Books, Melbourne, Vic. |
| eu | Brooker M.I.H. and Kleinig D.A. (1996, repr 1999) Eucalyptus. An illustrated guide to identification. (Reed New Holland, Frenchs Forest, NSW.) Well illustrated guide to 200 of the most common species, with introductory discussion of important characteristics. |
| m | Brophy J.J. et al. (2013) Melaleucas. Their botany, essential oils and uses. (Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research, Canberra.) Detailed account of taxonomy, essential oils, cultivation, uses. |
| er | Brown A. & Buirchell B. (2011) A Field Guide to the Eremophilas of Western Australia. (Simon Nevill Publications, Perth.) Comprehensive, colour photographs of all then known species, no keys. |
| o | Brown A. et al. (2008) Orchids of Western Australia. (Univ. of WA Press, Perth.) Numerous colour illustrations. |
| o | Brundrett M. (2014) Identification and Ecology of Southwest Australian Orchids. (West Australian Naturalists Club Inc., Perth.) Introductory chapters on ecology, biology, family features. Some 1500 colour photographs, brief descriptions, keys. |
| Fg | Bull M. (4th edn, 2014) Flora of Melbourne. A guide to the indigenous plants of the greater Melbourne area. (Hyland House Publishing.) Comprehensive, large format, with brief descriptions, numerous line drawings and colour photographs. Includes introductory sections on vegetation types etc., but no keys. |
| F | Burbidge N.T. and Gray M. (1970) Flora of the Australian Capital Territory. (Australian National Univ. Press, Canberra.) Amplified keys to species, numerous line drawings. |
| Pfs | Byng J.W. (2014) The Flowering Plants Handbook. (Plant Gateway Ltd.) An illustrated key to families of Flowering Plants. A pdf version of this text accessible via https://www.researchgate.net/publication/267510854 |
| Carr D.J. and Carr S.G.M. (eds, 1981a) People and Plants in Australia. (Academic Press, Sydney.) | |
| Carr D.J. and Carr S.G.M. (eds, 1981b) Plants and Man in Australia. (Academic Press, Sydney.) | |
| g | Champion P. et al. (2012) An Illustrated Guide to the Common Grasses, Sedges and Rushes of New Zealand. (NZ Plant Protection Soc., Christchurch.) |
| Cl | Chase M.W. (2004) Monocot relationships: an overview. American Journal of Botany 91(10): 1645–1655. |
| Cl | Chase M.W. and Reveal J.L. (2009) A phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III. Botanical Journal of the Linnaean Society 161: 122–127. |
| er | Chinnock R.J. (2007) Eremophila and Allied Genera. A Monograph of the plant family Myoporaceae. (Rosenberg Publishing Pty Ltd, Dural, NSW.) Large format volume includes very detailed descriptions, line drawings, colour photographs, keys. |
| Pfs | Christenhusz M.J.M. (2017) Plants of the world: an illustrated encyclopedia of vascular plants. (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK & Univ. of Chicago Press, Chicago, USA.) Large format, authoritative, with brief introductory essays followed by descriptions and other notes for all vascular plant families following the APG IV classification. More than 2500 colour photographs. Extensive references. |
| g | Clarke I.C. (2015) Name those grasses: identifying grasses, sedges and rushes. (Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, Melbourne.) Detailed account of structure, classification, nomenclature, plus the process of identification. Numerous colour photographs on 64 pages, 151 detailed black and white drawings. Comprehensive glossary. |
| b | Collins K. et al. (2008) Banksias. (Bloomings Books, Melbourne.) Descriptions and illustrations of all 78 then recognised species, plus much background information. |
| Aq | Cook C.D.K. (1990) Aquatic Plant Book. (SPB Academic Publishing, The Hague.) Descriptions of 407 genera, with keys. Well illustrated with line drawings. |
| Cooper W. and Cooper W.T. (1994) Fruits of the Rainforest. (GEO Productions, Chatswood, NSW.) Larger format volume of excellent watercolour illustrations of fruits of 626 species, with brief descriptions, occurring in the tropical rainforests of Qld. | |
| g | Cope T.A and Grey A.J. (2009) Grasses of the British Isles. (Botanical Society of the British Isles, London.) (Now Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland.) Keys, line drawings and detailed descriptions of all species, many now introduced in Australia. |
| p | Corrick M.G. (1976–90) ‘Bush-peas of Victoria—genus Pultenaea, Nos 1–24’, Victorian Naturalist vols 93–107. An excellent series with descriptions and illustrations. The last article includes a key. |
| P | Corrick M.G. and Fuhrer B.A. (2000) Wildflowers of Victoria and Adjoining Areas. (Bloomings Books, Hawthorn.) Brief introductory pages and small glossary followed by 838 good colour photographs, several per page, each with brief descriptive text, arranged in families. |
| P | Corrick M.G. and Fuhrer B.A. (updated edn, 2002) Wildflowers of Southern Western Australia. (The Five Mile Press, Noble Park, Vic., with Monash Univ.) Brief introductory section, excellent colour photographs of over 700 species, each with brief description, arranged in families. |
| Fg | Costermans L.F. (revised edn, 2009) Native Trees and Shrubs of South-eastern Australia. (Rigby, Melbourne.) An excellent guide designed for identification, with species arranged in families, as well as regional guide lists, and informative introductory chapters. Numerous colour photographs and line drawings. (Reed New Holland, Sydney.) |
| Fg | Costermans L.F. (6th edn, 2006) Trees of Victoria and adjoining areas. (Costermans Publishing, Frankston, Victoria.) Illustrations and descriptions of the common species. A very good field guide. |
| F | Costin A.B. et al. (2nd edn, 2000) Kosciuszko Alpine Flora. (CSIRO Publishing, Clayton, Victoria.) Authoritative, with keys, descriptions and good colour photographs, covering 212 species. Introductory sections deal with the alpine environment, human history, plant communities, etc. |
| F | Cowie I.D. et al. (2000) Floodplain Flora. A Flora of the Coastal Floodplains of the Northern Territory, Australia. (Flora of Australia supplementary series, No. 10, ABRS, Canberra/Parks and Wildlife Commission of the NT, Darwin.) Introductory sections on climate, vegetation, Aboriginal uses, fauna, etc., followed by descriptions, keys, many line drawings, for >300 species, with 14 pages of colour plates. |
| eu | CPBR [Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research] (2006) EUCLID: Eucalypts of Australia. (CSIRO Publishing, Clayton, Victoria.) Comprehensive, authoritative, very well illustrated (>9000 images) account of genera Angophora, Corymbia and Eucalyptus (894 taxa covered) in DVD format for use on computer. Includes a multiaccess key, and much supporting infomation. |
| Fo | Crane P.R. et al. (2004) Fossils and plant phylogeny. American Journal of Botany 91(10): 1683–1699. |
| Fg, T | Crowe A. (1992, 2nd edn 1999, repr 2001) Which Native Tree? (Penguin Books, Auckland, NZ.) Small format, illustrated identification manual based on leaf shapes. |
| Fg | Crowe A. (1994, 2nd edn 1999) Which Native Forest Plant? (Penguin Books, Auckland, NZ.) Small format, illustrated identification manual based on leaf shapes. |
| Pfs | Cullen J. (4th edn, 1997) The Identification of Flowering Plant Families. (Cambridge Univ. Press.) Brief explanatory section followed by a key to families. |
| F, Cu | Cullen J. et al. (eds 2nd edn, 2011), The European Garden Flora. Vols 1–5. (Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, UK.) Comprehensive and authoritative large-format work with keys and descriptions for vascular plants cultivated in Europe. |
| Fg | Cunningham G.M. et al. (2 edn, 1993) Plants of Western New South Wales. (Inkata Press, Melbourne.) Large format, comprehensive with descriptions, many colour photographs and line drawings. No keys. |
| F | Curtis W.M. (1956–80) The Student’s Flora of Tasmania. Parts 1–4A. (Govt Printer, Tasmania.) Keys and detailed descriptions, many line drawings. Part 1 revised 2nd edn (1975) and part 4B (St. David’s Park Publishing, Hobart, 1994) authored by Curtis W.M. and Morris D.I. |
| Pfs | Dahlgren R.M.T. et al. (1985) The Families of Monocotyledons. Structure, Evolution and Taxonomy. (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, NY, Tokyo.) Large format, informative discussion with a narrow view of family limits. |
| Aq | DiTomaso J.M. and Healy E.M. (2003) Aquatic and Riparian Weeds of the West. (Univ. of California, Oakland, Calif.) Small format, rather bulky text profusely illustrated with good colour photographs emphasising distinctive features. |
| F | Dunlop C.R. et al. (1995–) Flora of the Darwin Region. (Conservation Commission of the Northern Territory, Palmerston, Vol. 2, 1995; Vol.1, 2011.) Comprehensive and authoritative, with keys, descriptions and line drawings. Vol. 2 (the first published of 4 vols) covers 440 spp. of the total of about 1500, including legumes. |
| E | Elliot W.R. and Jones D.L. (1980–2010) Encyclopaedia of Australian Plants Suitable for Cultivation. Vols 1–9. (Lothian, Melbourne.) A comprehensive, well-illustrated work, plus 3 supplements in loose-leaf format. Notes on families, brief descriptions of genera and species. |
| S | Endress P.K. (2010) Disentangling confusion in inflorescence morphology: patterns and diversity in reproductive shoot ramification in angiosperms. Journal of Systematics and Ecology 48(4): 225–239. |
| tr | Erickson R. (1958) Triggerplants. (Paterson Brokensha, Perth.) Well illustrated, comprehensive in its time. |
| Fg | Fairley A. and Moore P. (3rd edn, 2010) Native Plants of the Sydney District. An Identification Guide. (Jacana Books, Allen & Unwin, Crows Nest, NSW.) Comprehensive guide with nearly 1400 species of dicots, monocots (including grasses and sedges), ferns and gymnosperms arranged in families, described and illustrated with good colour photographs. |
| F | Flora of Australia various editors (1981–) Flora of Australia. Vols 1– . (Initial vols Aust. Govt Publ. Service, Canberra. Later vols ABRS/CSIRO, Australia.) A large series of volumes with descriptions and keys to all Australian species known at the time of publication, with numerous illustrations (line drawings and colour photographs). Some 33 vols published to date covering over 140 families of Flowering Plants (ferns, gymnosperms and allies are treated in vol. 48). Early vols edited by George A.S., editors of later volumes (after 1992) include Orchard A.E., Mallett P., McCarthy P.M., and Wilson A.J.G. The 2nd edn of the introductory vol. 1, considerably enlarged, was edited by Orchard A.E. (1999). Both edns include a chapter on classification. A complete flora of Norfolk Is. and Lord Howe Is. is presented in vol. 49. Other offshore islands and territories are dealt with in vol. 50. Now moving to an electronic format. |
| Fo | Friis E.M. et al. (2011) Early Flowers and Angiosperm Evolution. (Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, UK.) Scholarly text documenting recent advances in the discovery and interpretation of fossil Flowering Plants. |
| F | FNAEC [Flora of North America Editorial Committee] (1993–) Flora of North America north of Mexico. Large format flora with detailed descriptions, keys, and well illustrated with line drawings. Volumes 1–9, 12, 19–26 published to date, some now available online. Vols 27, 28 deal with Bryophytes. |
| b | George A.S. (3rd edn, 1996) The Banksia Book. (Kangaroo Press and Soc. for Growing Aust. Plants, NSW Ltd, Kenthurst.) Detailed, thorough, with many colour photographs. |
| v | George E. (2002) Verticordia. The Turner of Hearts. (Univ. of WA Press, Nedlands.) Comprehensive guide to 101 species with watercolour illustrations and line drawings as well as numerous colour photographs, maps, cultivation notes, etc. |
| g | Gibbs Russell G.E. et al. (1990) Grasses of Southern Africa. An identification manual with keys, descriptions, distributions, classification and automated identification and information retrieval from computerized data. (Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of South Africa, No. 58, National Botanic Gardens, Pretoria.) |
| N | Gledhill D. (2nd edn, 1989) The Names of Plants. (Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, UK.) Provides the meanings of scientific names, with introductory chapters on the history and rules of nomenclature as then established. |
| Goldblatt P. and Manning J.C. (1998) Gladiolus in southern Africa. (Fernwood Press, Vlaeberg, South Africa.) Large format, detailed, illustrated examination of the genus and all then known species. | |
| N | Govaerts R. et al. (2008) World checklist of Myrtaceae. (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK.) Authoritative listing of all validly published plant names associated with the family, with places of publication, etc. |
| Pf | Haaksma E.D. and Linder H.P (2000) Restios of the Fynbos. (Botanical Society of South Africa, Cape Town.) Field guide to Restionaceae of the region. |
| G | Harris J.G. and Harris M.W. (1994) Plant Identification Terminology. (Spring Lake Publishing, Payson, Utah, USA.) Well illustrated glossary, plus another section where terms are grouped under subjects. |
| F | Harden G.J. (ed., 1990–93) Flora of New South Wales. Vols 1–4. (Univ. NSW Press, Kensington.) The standard text for identification of all then-known species in the area, large format, with keys, descriptions, small line drawings of all species, plus numerous colour photographs. Supplement to vol. 1 edited by Harden G.J. and Murray L.J. (2000); vol. 2, 2nd edn edited by Harden G.J. (2002). Now available via the internet at http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au |
| Pfs | Hernández-Ledesma P. et al. (2015) A taxonomic backbone for the global synthesis of species diversity in the angiosperm order Caryophyllales. Willdenowia 45: 281–383. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3372/wi.45.45301 Includes a summary of research on the group to date and an annotated listing of the families and genera then recognised in the order, along with numerous references. |
| Pfs | Heywood V. H. et al., eds (2007), Flowering Plants of the World. (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK.) Useful, illustrated introduction to >500 flowering plant families. |
| Pfs | Hickey M. and King C. (1997) Common Families of Flowering Plants. (Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, UK.) Botanical descriptions and one detailed illustrated example of each of 100 flowering plant families. |
| eu | Hill K.D. and Johnson L.A.S. (1995) ‘Systematic studies in the eucalypts. 7. A revision of the bloodwoods, genus Corymbia (Myrtaceae)’. Telopea 6(2–3): 185–504. A research paper in which the new genus Corymbia is formally published, and 113 species transferred to it from Eucalyptus. |
| o | Hoffman N. and Brown A. (2nd edn, 1998) Orchids of South-west Australia. (Univ. of WA Press, Nedlands.) Includes nearly 450 species illustrated in colour, with maps, descriptions, and notes on distinctive features, flowering times and habitats. |
| m | Holliday I. (vol. 1 1989, vol. 2 1997) A Field Guide to Melaleucas. (Vol. 1 Hamlyn, Port Melbourne; vol. 2 author publ.) Fairly comprehensive with about 140 species covered. Good colour photographs, many small line drawings, with brief descriptive text. Volume 2 updates vol. 1 and deals with nearly 50 spp. |
| g | Hubbard C.E. (3rd edn, 1984) Grasses. (Penguin, Ringwood, Vic.) Well illustrated with detailed, somewhat diagrammatic line drawings, covering species of the British Isles, many of which are introduced in Australia. Key and detailed descriptions included. |
| Pf | Hunziker A.T. (2001) The genera of Solanaceae. (distrib. by Koeltz Scientific Books, Konigstein, Germany.) Comprehensive, scholarly account, with 135 detailed line drawings mostly of floral disections etc. |
| W | Hyde-Wyatt B.H. and Morris D.I. (1975) Tasmanian Weed Handbook. A Guide to the Identification of the Main Broad-leaf Weeds of Crops and Pastures in Tasmania. (Dept Agriculture, Hobart.) Descriptions and good line drawings with a key to seedlings. |
| W | Hyde-Wyatt B.H. and Morris D.I. (1980) The Noxious and Secondary Weeds of Tasmania. (Dept of Agriculture, Hobart.) More than 100 species illustrated with good line drawings, with accompanying notes including descriptions of seedlings. |
| Fg | Hyland B.P.M. et al. (2003) Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants. (CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne.) CD–ROM covering >2150 species of trees, shrubs and vines from Broome, WA to Townsville, Qld. Interactive keys, numerous photographs. |
| o | Jeanes J. & Backhouse G. (2006) Wild orchids of Victoria, Australia. (Aquatic Photographics, Seaford, Vic.) Authoritative guide to all then-known species (c. 360). More than 1400 colour photographs. Keys, brief descriptions. |
| F | Jessop J.P. (ed., 1981, repr. 1985) Flora of Central Australia. (Reed, Sydney.) Keys, descriptions and numerous line drawings. Covers a broad area of inland Australia. |
| F | Jessop J.P. and Toelken H.R. (eds, 4th edn 1986), Flora of South Australia. Parts 1–4. (Govt Printer, Adelaide.) The standard identification text for SA species, with keys, descriptions and numerous line drawings. |
| g | Jessop J. et al. (2006) Grasses of South Australia: an illustrated guide to the native and naturalised species. (Wakefield Press, Kent Town SA.) Comprehensive, authoritative, with keys, descriptions and numerous line drawings. |
| Jones D.L. (1996) Palms in Australia. (Reed, Port Melbourne,Vic.) Comprehensive, well illustrated with good colour photographs, includes descriptions. | |
| o | Jones D.L. (2006) A complete guide to native orchids of Australia, including the island territories. (Reed New Holland, Frenchs Forest, NSW.) Comprehensive, authoritative, well illustrated, large format. |
| o | Jones D.L. et al. (2006) Australian Orchid Genera. An information and identification system. (CSIRO Publishing, Clayton, Victoria.) Comprehensive, authoritative CD-ROM covering all 192 genera then recognised, includes interactive key, descriptions, >2500 photographs, >260 line drawings. Available for trial (or purchase) at https://www.anbg.gov.au/cpbr/cd-keys/orchidkey/ [accessed Aug 2018] |
| Pfs,S | Judd W.S. et al. (4th edn, 2016) Plant Systematics: A Phylogenetic Approach. (Sinauer Assoc. Inc., Sunderland, MA, USA.) A standard tertiary level textbook covering aspects of theory and practice of systematics and taxonomy. Numerous families of vascular plants are described and illustrated, including >150 Flowering Plant families. |
| Cl | Kanis A. et al. (1999) Classification, phylogeny and the Flora of Australia. In: Orchard A.E. (ed., 2nd edn) Flora of Australia. Volume 1. Introduction. (Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.) |
| W | Kleinschmidt H.E. and Johnson R.W. (1987) Weeds of Queensland. (Qld Dept Primary Industries, Brisbane.) Most of the book deals with 369 species, one per page, each with brief description and black-and-white photograph. Includes identification guide to groups illustrated with 16 pages of colour photographs. |
| N | Knapp S. et al. (2011) Changes to publication requirements made at the XVIII International Botanical Congress in Melbourne – what does e-publication mean for you ? Botanical Journal of the Linnaean Society 167: 133–136. |
| Pfs | Kubitzki K. et al. (eds) (1990–) The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. (Springer-Verlag, Berlin.) Large format (A4) series of volumes providing detailed summaries of families, including structure, dispersal, distribution, affinities, key to genera, brief generic descriptions etc. Vol. II (1993) includes Caryophyllaceae, Casuarinaceae, Chenopodiceae, Lauraceae, Magnoliaceae, Moraceae, Papaveraceae, Ranunculaceae and many others. Vol. III (1998) deals with 56 monocot families including petaloid groups but excluding orchids. Vol. IV (1998) non-petaloid monocots excluding grasses. Vol. V (2003) Malvales, Capparales, and part of Caryophyllales. Vol. VI (2004) Celastrales, Oxalidales, Rosales, Cornales, Ericales. Vol. VII (2004) Lamiales. Vol. VIII (2007) Asterales. Vol. IX (2007) covers 54 families including Proteaceae, Dilleniaceae, Crassulaceae and Hypericaceae. Vol. X (2011) includes Myrtaceae and Rutaceae. Vol. XI (2014) covers Euphorbiaceae. Vol. XII (2015) includes Loranthaceae. Vol. XIII (2015) covers Poaceae. Vol. XIV (2016) includes Boraginaceae and Solanaceae. Note that the limits of the families in this series (particularly the earlier vols) may not fully coincide with those in the APG classification. |
| Fg | Kutsche F. & Lay B. (2003) Field guide to the plants of outback South Australia. (Dept of Water, Land and Biodiversity Conservation, Adelaide.) Small format, chunky text covering 437 species (356 of which are fully treated) grouped into life forms. Numerous colour photographs, brief descriptive text, pastoral notes, habitat etc. |
| Pfs | Lawrence G.H.M. (1951) Taxonomy of Vascular Plants. (MacMillan, New York.) A standard text of its time, includes detailed chapters on plant structure, descriptions of families, glossary. The classification is old; limits of many families have changed. |
| g | Lazarides M. (1970) The Grasses of Central Australia. (Aust. Nat. Univ. Press, Canberra.) Keys, descriptions, black-and-white photographs. |
| l | Lewis G. et al. (eds, 2005) Legumes of the World. (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK.) Comprehensive illustrated account of 727 genera, deals with classification, biogeography, synonymy, geographical ranges, ecology, phylogeny, economic uses etc. |
| Lewis L.A. and Court R.M (2004) Green Algae and the origin of Land Plants. American Journal of Botany 91(10): 1535–1556. | |
| Lowrie A. (1987, 1989, 1998) Carnivorous Plants of Australia. Vols 1–3. (Univ. WA Press, Nedlands.) Comprehensive, each species described and illustrated with good photographs and line drawings, descriptions and distribution maps. Includes keys. | |
| Lowrie A. (2013) Carnivorous Plants of Australia. Magnum Opus. Vols 1–3. (Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole, Dorset, England.) Large format, comprehensive, beautifully illustrated, with keys and descriptions. A life’s work. | |
| l | LPWG [Legume Phylogeny Working Group](2017) A new subfamily classification of the Leguminosae based on a taxonomically comprehensive phylogeny. Taxon 66 (1): 44–77. |
| D | Mabberley D.J. (4th edn, 2017) Mabberley’s Plant-book. A portable dictionary of plants, their classification and uses. (Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, UK.) A most useful, compact, very concise dictionary of families and genera, providing brief information on taxonomy, distribution, uses, etc. |
| Fg | Manning J. (2007, repr 2008) Field guide to Fynbos. (Struik Publishers, Cape Town, S Africa.) Well illustrated guide to >1500 spp. in this plant community. |
| F | Marchant N.G. et al. (1987) Flora of the Perth Region Parts 1–2. (Western Australian Herbarium, Perth.) Comprehensive and authoritative, with keys and descriptions for some 2000 species from the region. Numerous line drawings. |
| a | Maslin B.R. (Coordinator, 2018) WATTLE. Interactive Identification of Australian Acacia. Version 3. (Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra; Dept Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Perth; Identic Pty Ltd, Brisbane.) Available online or as an app, covers all then recognised species, with descriptions, photographs, and an interactive key for identification. https://apps.lucidcentral.org/wattle/text/intro/index.html |
| F | Mayfield E. (2010, 2013) Flora of the Otway Plain and Ranges. Vols 1 & 2. (CSIRO Publishing, Clayton, Victoria.) Comprehensive, many small, detailed, slightly stylised colour illustrations. |
| gr | McGillivray D.J. (1993) Grevillea. (Melbourne Univ. Press, Carlton.) Large format, a comprehensive study of the whole genus as it was then known. Includes keys, descriptions, maps, drawings, numerous colour photographs. |
| Meney K.A. and Pate J.S. (eds, 1999) Australian Rushes. Biology, Identification and Conservation of Restionaceae and Allied Families. (Univ. of WA Press, Nedlands.) Comprehensive and authoritative work, with good B&W illustrations, keys and descriptions. | |
| Fg | Moore P. (2005) A guide to plants of inland Australia. (Reed New Holland, Frenchs Forest NSW.) Small format, rather bulky text covering >900 species, mostly two per page with brief description, colour photograph, distibution map and notes for each. Some 70 pages of introductory sections cover numerous general topics. |
| Pfs | Morley B.D. and Toelken H.R. (eds, 1983) Flowering Plants in Australia. (Rigby, Adelaide.) Large format, well-illustrated, and informative work on plant families as then recognised, including keys to the genera in each family. |
| g | Morris D.I. (1991) Grasses of Tasmania. (Tasmanian Herbarium, Hobart, Occasional Paper No. 3.) Keys and descriptions to all then-known Tas. species. |
| Murphy R.J. (2009) Fumitories of Britain and Ireland. (Botanical Society of the Britain Isles, London. BSBI Handbook No. 12.) [now Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland] Small format text with detailed descriptions, line drawings, colour photographs, key. | |
| eu | Nicolle D. (2006) Eucalypts of Victoria and Tasmania. (Bloomings Books, Melbourne.) Covers all taxa then recognised in the area, with keys, descriptions, some 600 colour photographs, distribution maps, notes on uses, etc. |
| eu | Nicolle D. (1997) Eucalypts of South Australia. (author publ., Morphett Vale, SA.) Covers all 95 species then recognised in the area, with descriptions, colour photographs, distribution maps, notes on uses, etc. |
| gr | Olde P. and Marriott N. (1994, 1995) The Grevillea Book. Vols 1–3. (Kangaroo Press, Kenthurst.) Comprehensive, detailed and very well-illustrated work on all then-known species, as well as numerous forms in cultivation. Includes keys, descriptions and usually several good colour photographs per species. |
| Paczkowska G. and Chapman A.R. (2000) The Western Australian Flora. A Descriptive Catalogue. (Wildflower Soc. of Western Australia Inc., The Western Australian Herbarium, and the Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority, Perth.) Comprehensive listing of 11,922 species arranged alphabetically by families etc., each with a brief descriptive statement noting habit, height, flowering time and colour, habitat and distribution. Includes extensive bibliography and appendices. | |
| Palmer J.D et al. (2004) The plant tree of life: an overview and some points of view. American Journal of Botany 91(10): 1437–1445. | |
| F | Parnell J. & Curtis T. (2012) Webb’s An Irish Flora. (Cork Univ. Press, Cork.) Keys, descriptions, glossary. |
| W | Parsons, W. T., and Cuthbertson, E. G., (Revised edn, 2001) Noxious weeds of Australia. (CSIRO Publishing, Clayton, Victoria.) Comprehensive and authoritative, detailed descriptions, numerous colour photographs, distribution maps, no keys. |
| a | Pedley L. (1991) Acacias in Queensland. (Qld Herbarium, Dept Primary Industries, Indooroopilly.) Comprehensive descriptions of Qld species, with keys. |
| F | Pellow B.J. et al. (5th edn, 2009) Flora of the Sydney Region. (Sydney Univ. Press.) Spans the near-coastal zone from Newcastle south to Nowra, inland to Lithgow. Keys and descriptions to about 3000 species. https://eflora.library.sydney.edu.au |
| Fg | Petheram R.J. and Kok B. (1983) Plants of the Kimberley Region of Western Australia. (Univ. of WA Press, Nedlands.) Brief introductory pages, then 242 spp. briefly described, with colour photographs, notes on occurrence and feed value. |
| eu | Pryor L.D. and Johnson, L.A.S. (1971) A Classification of the Eucalypts. (Australian National Univ., Canberra.) A landmark research publication in the history of eucalypt classification in which an informal subdivision of the genus is proposed. Contains an informative discussion of characteristics of the genus and of previous work on its classification. |
| Raven P.H. et al. (4th edn, 1986) Biology of Plants. (Worth Publishers Inc., New York.) Large format, tertiary level textbook covering many aspects of plant biology, including useful summaries of plant classification and evolution as then considered. | |
| Cl | Reveal J.L and Pires J.C. (2002) Phylogeny and Classification of the Monocotyledons: An Update. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (eds) Flora of North America North of Mexico v. 26: 3–36. Charts the changing landscape of monocot classification over the previous few decades. Many references. |
| Pf | Rich T.C.G. (1991) Crucifers of Great Britain and Ireland. (Botanical Society of the British Isles, London. BSBI Handbook No. 6.) [Now Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland.] Very useful small format text with detailed descriptions, line drawings, key. |
| W | Richardson F.J. et al. (3rd edn, 2016) Weeds of the south-east: an identification guide for Australia. (R.G & F.J. Richardson, Meredith, Victoria.) Comprehensive guide to >2000 species usefully arranged in families, with >3000 colour photographs. |
| a | Rogers F.J.C. (3rd edn 1993, repr. 1995) A Field Guide to Victorian Wattles. (La Trobe Univ. Press, Bundoora, Vic.) Useful, small-format introduction, with very brief descriptions, line drawings, and key to groups of species aiding identification. |
| Fg | Robinson L. (1991) Field Guide to the Native Plants of Sydney. (Kangaroo Press, Kenthurst, NSW.) Comprehensive small-format text covers about 1370 species arranged in families, illustrated with small line drawings, with brief descriptions, general notes, as well as a field key to families and main groups. |
| W | Roy B. et al. (eds, 2nd edn, 2004) An illustrated guide to common weeds of New Zealand. (Plant Protection Soc. NZ, Canterbury.) |
| Aq | Sainty G.R. and Jacobs S.W.L. (3rd edn, 1994) Waterplants in Australia. A Field Guide. (Sainty and Assoc., Darlinghurst, NSW.) Small-format, extensively illustrated, with small pictorial key. |
| d | Salkin E. et al. (1995) Australian Brachyscomes. (Australian Daisy Study Group, Melbourne.) Some 30 pages of introductory notes (mostly on cultivation) then 74 species described in detail (mostly from cultivated material), with line drawings, distribution and cultivation notes. |
| Fg, T | Salmon J.T. (rev, edn, 1986) The Native Trees of New Zealand. (Reed Methuen, Auckland.) Some 40 pages of introductory sections then comprehensive coverage of all tree species with more than 1500 good colour photographs and brief descriptive text. |
| F | Sell P. & Murrrell G. (1997–2018) Flora of Great Britain and Ireland. Vols 1–5 (Cambridge Univ. Press, UK.) Comprehensive, authoritative flora with descriptions and keys. (Vol. 5, the first published, is dated 1996 but in fact appeared in April 1997.) |
| Sharpe P.R. (1986) Keys to Cyperaceae, Restionaceae and Juncaceae in Queensland. (Queensland Dept Primary Industries, Brisbane, Qld.) | |
| D | Sharr F.A. (1996) Western Australian Plant Names and their Meanings. (Univ. of WA Press, Nedlands.) Includes a section on pronunciation of botanical names. |
| Pf | Shepherd K.A. and Wilson, Paul G. (2007) Incorporation of the Australian genera Halosarcia, Pachycornia, Sclerostegia and Tegicornia into Tecticornia (Salicornioideae, Chenopodiaceae). Australian Systematic Botany 20: 319–331 |
| g | Simon B.K. and Alfonso Y. (accessed Oct 2018) AusGrass2: Grasses of Australia. (Scratchpad version available on the web: http://ausgrass2.myspecies.info/) |
| W | Smith N.M. (2002) Weeds of the wet/dry tropics of Australia. A field guide. (Environment Centre NT Inc., Darwin.) Small format, illustrated. Brief intro, then some 70 pages of information with spp. divided into groups based on plant habit. |
| Soltis P.S. and Soltis D.E. (2004) The origin and diversification of Angiosperms. American Journal of Botany 91(10): 1614–1626. | |
| N | Spencer R.D. et al. (2007) Plant Names: a Guide to Botanical Nomenclature. (CSIRO Publishing, Clayton, Victoria.) Small format, detailed, plain language guide to the use and construction of botanical names for both wild and cultivated plants. Undergoing revision in 2019. |
| F, Cu | Spencer R.D. (1995, 1997, 2002, 2002, 2005) Horticultural Flora of South-eastern Australia. Vol. 1, Ferns, Conifers & their Allies; Vol. 2, Flowering Plants, Dicotyledons, part 1; Vol. 3, Flowering Plants, Dicotyledons, part 2; Vol. 4, Flowering Plants, Dicotyledons, part 3; Vol. 5, Monocotyledons. (Univ. of NSW Press, Sydney.) Comprehensive coverage with keys and descriptions for nearly all plants known in cultivation at the time (excluding specialist collections), with small line drawings of most species, and several pages of colour plates. Extensive references are a valuable addition. Now available on the internet (with updated nomenclature and classification) at https://hortflora.rbg.vic.gov.au |
| F | Stace C. (3rd edn, 2010, repr. 2011) New Flora of the British Isles. (Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge.) Comprehensive, concise flora (covers native, naturalised and crop plants), with keys, descriptions, numerous line drawings. |
| F | Stanley T.D. and Ross E.M. (1983–1989) Flora of South-eastern Queensland. Vols 1–3. (Qld Dept Primary Industry, Brisbane.) Keys and descriptions to all species then recorded in the region. |
| Cl | Takhtajan A. (2nd edn 2009) Flowering Plants. (Springer.) A detailed account of the author’s classification scheme for Flowering Plants. |
| a | Tame T. (1992) Acacias of Southeast Australia. (Kangaroo Press, Kenthurst.) Detailed descriptions and line drawings of all then-known species in the region. With keys and numerous colour photographs. |
| Pf | Thiele K.R. & Adams L.G. (2002) Families of Flowering Plants of Australia. An interactive identification guide. (CSIRO Publishing, Clayton, Victoria.) CDROM covering all families then recorded, with interactive key, descriptions, notes and >1500 colour photographs or drawings. |
| Toelken H.R. (1981) The species of Crassula L. in Australia. Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens 3: 57–90. | |
| Toelken H.R. (2013) Notes on Hibbertia subg. Hemistemma (Dilleniaceae) 9. The eastern Australian H. vestita group including H. pedunculata and H. serpyllifolia. Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens 26: 31–69. | |
| N | Turland N. et al. (2013) The Code Decoded. A User’s Guide to the International Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi and Plants. (Koeltz Scientific Books, Königstein, Germany.) Written as a guide to the Melbourne Code published in 2012. |
| N | Turland N. et al. (2018) International Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi and Plants. (Schenzhen Code.) (Koeltz Botanical Books, Oberreifenberg, Germany.) https://www.iapt.taxon.org/nomen/main.php |
| Pf | Tutin T.G. (1980) Umbellifers of the British Isles. (Botanical Society of the British Isles, London. BSBI Handbook No. 2.) [Now Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland.] Very useful small format text with detailed descriptions, line drawings, key. |
| Fg | Urban A. (1993) Wildflowers and Plants of Central Australia. (Portside Editions, Fishermans Bend, Vic.) Mostly 2 good colour photographs per page with brief descriptions arranged in families in systematic order following that of Flora of Central Australia. Covers the southern half of NT. |
| D | Usher G. (1970) A Dictionary of Botany. (Van Nostrand, Melbourne.) |
| Fl | Walsh N.G. and Entwisle T.J. (eds, 1994–1999) Flora of Victoria. Vols 2–4 (Inkata Press, Melbourne.) Comprehensive and authoritative work covers all then-known species, with keys, descriptions, small distribution maps, numerous line drawings. Volume 1, edited by Foreman D.B. and Walsh (1993), contains essays on Victorian climate, soils, weeds, rare and threatened flora, etc. Up to date Flora with more photogaphs and illustrations now online at https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au |
| N | Wapstra M. et al. (2010) Tasmanian plant names unravelled. (Fullers Bookshop Pty Ltd + the authors, Launceston, Tas.) Comprehensive, well illustrated account of the origins and/or meanings of common and botanical names of all Tas. species, genera and families, plus pronunciation and much supplementary information. |
| Watson D.M. (2011) Mistletoes of Southern Australia. (CSIRO Publishing, Clayton, Australia.) Intro pages on evolution, ecology, life history, cultural values etc, plus detailed accounts of 46 spp. with colour illustrations and >130 photographs. | |
| S | Weberling F. (translated by R.J. Pankhurst, 1989) Morphology of flowers and inflorescences. (Cambridge Univ, Press, Cambridge, UK.) A scholarly, detailed study, illustrated with numerous line drawings. |
| eu | West J. (3rd edn, 2006) Evolutionary relationships in Eucalyptus sens. lat. —a synopsis. In: CPBR [Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research], EUCLID Eucalypts of Australia. (CSIRO Publishing, Clayton, Victoria.) |
| g | Wheeler D.J.B. et al. (4th edn, 2008) Grasses of New South Wales. (Univ. of New England, Armidale, NSW.) Keys to spp., descriptions of genera, many line drawings. |
| F | Wheeler J. et al. (2002) Flora of the South West. (Univ. of WA Press, Nedlands.) Comprehensive work of two volumes, with descriptions, keys, and numerous small sketches of the plants in the Bunbury, Augusta, Denmark area of Western Australia. Includes notes on ecology and distribution. |
| F | Wheeler J.R. et al. (eds, 1992) Flora of the Kimberley Region (Dept Conservation and Land Management, Como, WA.) Comprehensive and authoritative, with keys and descriptions for more than 2000 species from the region. Numerous line drawings. |
| a | Whibley D.J.E. and Symon D.E. (2nd edn, 1992) Acacias of South Australia. (Govt Printer, Adelaide.) Comprehensive, very well illustrated with line drawings and colour photographs, detailed descriptions and keys. |
| Pf | Wrigley J.W. (1989) Banksias, Waratahs, and Grevilleas, and all Other Plants in the Australian Proteaceae Family. (Collins, Sydney.) Comprehensive, with introduction and cultivation notes, followed by brief descriptions and notes for each species, with small distribution map. Numerous line drawings and more than 45 pages of colour photographs. |
| Pf | Wrigley J.W. and Fagg M. (1993) Bottlebrushes, Paperbarks and Tea Trees, and all other Plants in the Leptospermum Alliance. (Angus and Robertson, Pymble.) Introductory sections on the family, classification etc., illustrated with good colour photographs and some line drawings, with brief descriptions, distribution maps, ecological and cultivation notes. |
Websites
This is a brief list of some sites worthy of exploration. Numerous plant enthusiasts world-wide, often growers, have sites devoted to particular groups. These often include photographs of species and cultivars but it is perhaps unwise to immediately accept as accurate the names of all images on the internet without checking against an authoritative source. Many botanic gardens and herbaria have sites, generally making specialist information readily available.
https://www.ala.org.au Atlas of Living Australia website, documenting and cataloguing all life forms in Australia. Links to many specimen collections (e.g. herbaria).
www.anbg.gov.au Website of the Australian National Botanic Garden. Links to numerous other botanical sites, as well as to the Flora of Australia online (including the glossary), plus a number of searchable databases such as the Australian Plant Names Index, Australian Plant Census, Australia’s Virtual Herbarium (accessing the herbarium specimen records housed in Australian herbaria).
www.bamboo-identification.co.uk authoritative information on structure, classification, identification of bamboos.
https://bsbi.org website of the Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland.
http://eflora.nt.gov.au Accesses information on the flora of Northern Territory.
https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au A large database of the names, distributions, photographs etc. of the Western Australian flora. Multiple access keys for several families. Links to herbarium specimen databses, and the journal Nuytsia.
https://www_iapt_taxon.org website of the International Association for Plant Taxonomy. Allows access to the latest version of the Nomenclature Code.
www.ipni.org The International Plant Names Index is a database of the names and associated bibliographic details of all seed plants.
https://www.kew.org Website of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, England. Provides and links to a wealth of botanical information.
www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/welcome.html This is the website of the Missouri Botanical Garden, and hosts the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group site as well as much other botanical information and links.
https://www.nybg.org The website of the New York Botanic Garden. Includes contact details for some 3000 herbaria world-wide via https://www.nybg.org/plant-research-and-conservation/collections-resources/
http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au Flora of New South Wales online.
www.rbge.org.uk Website of the Royal Botanic Gardens Edinburgh,
https://rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au Website of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Sydney.
www.rbg.vic.gov.au Website of the Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. Includes access to all articles from the National Herbarium of Victoria journal Muelleria.
www.tmag.tas.gov.au Information on the Tasmanian flora via the Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery website.
http://www.worldfloraonline.org The start of an ambitious project.
http://wpvherbarium.science.unimelb.edu.au Pressed plant specimens from Wilsons Promontory, Victoria, scanned, forming a comprehensive virtual herbarium.