Glossary of Personalities

Heider al-Abadi served as Prime Minister of Iraq from 2014 to 2018.

Madeleine Albright served as US Secretary of State from 1997 to 2001.

Hussein bin Ali, Sharif of Mecca, was a Hashemite Arab leader who led the Arab revolt against the Ottoman Empire.

Hadi Al-Ameri is the former Iraqi minister of transportation and the head of the Badr Organization, which was the military wing of the Supreme Islamic Iraqi Council. He heads the Fatih political movement.

Bashar al-Assad is the 19th and current President of Syria, who has held office since 2000. He concurrently serves as the commander in chief of the Syrian Armed Forces.

Hafez al-Assad is the father of Bashar al-Assad. Hafez served as President of Syria from 1971 to 2000.

Mustafa Kemal Atatürk founded the Republic of Turkey in 1923.

Masoud Barzani is the son of Mulla Mustafa Barzani and was President of the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) from 2005 to 2017. He remains the President of the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP).

Masrour Barzani is the son of Masoud Barzani and the Chancellor of the Kurdistan Regional Security Council.

Mulla Mustafa Barzani was chosen to lead the KDP in 1946. He died in 1979.

Nechirvan Barzani is the nephew of Masoud Barzani. He has served as the Prime Minister of the KRG since March 2012 and from March 2006 to August 2009.

John Bolton currently serves as President Trump’s National Security Advisor (2018 to present). He served as George H.W. Bush’s United States Ambassador to the United Nations from 2005 to 2006.

Paul Bremer III served as the Administration of the Coalition Provisional Authority of Iraq from 2003 to 2004.

George H.W. Bush served as the 41st President of the United States from 2001 to 2008.

George W. Bush served as 43rd President of the United States. He launched military actions in Iraq and Afghanistan.

Dick Cheney served as Vice President of the United States from 2001 to 2009 and Secretary of Defense during the Gulf War from 1989 to 1993.

Winston Churchill served as Prime Minister of Great Britain from 1940 to 1945 and again from 1951 to 1955. He was Britain’s Secretary of State for the Colonies from 1921 to 1922.

Hillary Clinton served as US Secretary of State from 2009 to 2012. Secretary Clinton unsuccessfully ran for President of the United States in 2016.

Ryan Crocker is a former career ambassador within the United States Foreign Service who served as US Ambassador to Iraq, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Syria, Kuwait and Lebanon.

Selahattin Demirtas is a Kurdish leader in Turkey who has served as member of the parliament since 2007.

Recep Tayyip Erdog˘an was a founder of Turkey’s Justice and Development Party and has served as Prime Minister or President from 2003 to the present.

Peter W. Galbraith is an American author, academic, commentator, politician, policy advisor and former US diplomat who helped uncover Saddam Hussein’s gassing of the Kurds.

Antonio Guterres is the current UN Secretary General, elected in 2017.

François Hollande served as President of France from 2012 to 2017.

Fuad Hussein is chief of staff to the KRG Presidency.

Saddam Hussein served as President of Iraq from 1979 until April 2003. He was tried and convicted by an Iraqi court for crimes against humanity and hanged in 2006.

Najmaldin Karim is a neurosurgeon from Maryland who was elected the Governor of Kirkuk in 2011.

Sierwan Karim is the son of Najmaldin Karim and the head of the governor’s security team.

Zozan Karim is the wife of Najmaldin Karim and daughter of the famous Peshmerga General Abdul Rahman Qazi, who served with Mulla Mustafa Barzani.

Ayatollah Ali Hosseini Khamenei is a marja and the second and current Supreme Leader of Iran, in office since 1989. He was previously President of Iran from 1981 to 1989.

Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini is the former Supreme Leader of Iran who led the 1979 Iranian Revolution.

Henry Kissinger served as both President Nixon’s and President Ford’s National Security Advisor and United States Secretary of State during the years 1969 to 1977.

Bernard Kouchner is a French politician and physician who co-founded Médecins Sans Frontières and Médecins du Monde. He was France Foreign Minister from 2007 to 2010.

Nouri al-Maliki served as Iraq’s Prime Minister from 2006 to 2014. He is Secretary General of the Islamic Dawa Party and a Vice President of Iraq.

Fuad Masum is a veteran Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK) politician who became President of Iraq in 2014.

James N. Mattis is currently the US Secretary of Defense. He was formerly head of US Central Command.

Brett H. McGurk is currently the US Special Presidential Envoy for the Global Coalition to the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS).

Qazi Muhammad was an Iranian Kurdish separatist leader who founded the Democratic Party of Iranian Kurdistan and headed the Republic of Mahabad.

Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis is head of Kata’ib Hezbollah and Deputy Commander of the Iraqi Popular Mobilization Forces.

Hassan Nasrallah is the third and current Secretary General of Hezbollah in Lebanon.

Benjamin Netanyahu is the current Prime Minister of Israel, serving from 1996 to 1999 and again from 2009 to the present.

Barack Obama was the 44th President of the United States from 2009 to 2017.

Reza Shah Pahlavi became the Shah of Iran on 15 December 1925. He abdicated on 16 September 1941 following the Anglo-Soviet invasion.

Shimon Peres served as the President of Israel and the Prime Minister of Israel. He passed away in September 2016.

David Petraeus is a retired United States Army general and the former Director of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) from 2011 to 2012.

François Georges-Picot was a French diplomat and lawyer who negotiated the dismemberment of the Ottoman Empire with his British counterpart, Mark Sykes.

Colin Powell served as National Security Advisor from 1987 to 1989, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff from 1989 to 1993, and US Secretary of State from 2001 to 2005.

Vladimir Putin is the current President of the Russian Federation, who was re-elected in May 2018. He has served as both the Prime Minister of Russia and President of Russia since 1999.

Bayan Sami Abdul Rahman has served as KRG Representative to the US since 2015.

Hassan Rouhani became the President of Iran in 2013.

Donald H. Rumsfeld served as Secretary of Defense from 1975 to 1977 under Gerald Ford, and again from 2001 to 2006 under George W. Bush.

Muqtada al-Sadr is founder of the Mahdi Army and head of the Sa’iroun political alliance.

Rakan Said is a Sunni Arab from Hawija who was appointed as Governor of Kirkuk, replacing Karim.

Barham Salih served as Prime Minister of the KRG from 2009 to 2012 and as deputy prime minister of Iraq from 2004 to 2009. He founded the Coalition for Democracy and Justice in 2017.

Mohammad bin Salman is Saudi Arabia’s Crown Prince who also serves as the First Deputy Prime Minister, President of the Council for Economic and Development Affairs and Minister of Defense. He was appointed Crown Prince in June 2017.

Norman Schwarzkopf was the Commander of Operation Desert Storm, which liberated Kuwait in early 1991.

Brent Scowcroft is the former US National Security Advisor for President Ford from 1975 to 1977, and for President George H.W. Bush from 1989 to 1993.

Douglas A. Silliman has served as US Ambassador to Iraq since September 2016.

Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani is an Iranian Shi‘ite Marja based in Najaf.

Karim Sinjari is the current KRG Interior Minister, first appointed in 2006.

Qasem Soleimani has served as Commander of the Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) Quds Forces since 1998.

Mark Sykes was a British army officer and diplomat who negotiated the dismemberment of the Ottoman Empire with his French counterpart, François Georges-Picot.

Araz Talabani is a businessman and brother of Lahur Talabani.

Bafel Talabani is the older son of Jalal Talabani and became head of Zanyari, the PUK’s intelligence unit, in 2004.

Hero Talabani was married to Jalal Talabani until his death in 2017. She is the mother of Qubad and Bafel Talabani.

Jalal Talabani was the founder of the PUK and served as President of Iraq from 2006 to 2014. He passed away in 2017.

Lahur Talabani, known as Sheikh Jash Lahur, is currently head of the Zanyari. He is brother of Araz and cousin to Bafel. Lahur is well connected with Iran’s Quds forces as well as Iraq’s Hashd al Shabi militias.

Qubad Talabani is the youngest son of Jalal Talabani, and served as KRG representative to the United States and then as deputy prime minister from 2005 to the present.

Rex Tillerson served as US Secretary of State from 2017 to 2018. He was formerly the CEO of Exxon Mobil.

Donald J. Trump was elected as the United States’ 45th President in November 2016.

Woodrow Wilson was the 28th President of the United States who served from 1913 to 1921. He championed the right to self-determination in his “Fourteen Points Speech.”

Mohammad Javad Zarif is currently serving as Iran’s Foreign Minister. He was the Permanent Representative of Iran to the United Nations from 2002 to 2007.