Parsing
Write Out the Forms of the Article
Warm-up
α. ἄγγελος κυρίου
β. φωνὴν ἀγγέλων
γ. ἡ ἀγάπη τοῦ Χριστοῦ
δ. ταῖς ἁμαρτίαις τοῦ καιροῦ
ε. φωνὴ θεοῦ καὶ οὐκ ἀνθρώπου
ζ. ὁ κύριος τοῦ οὐρανοῦ
η. ὄψεσθε (you will see) τὴν δόξαν κυρίου.
Translation
1. εἶπεν αὐτοῖς ὁ Ἰησοῦς.
2. ἐλάλει (he/she/it was speaking) αὐτοῖς τὸν λόγον.
3. τὴν ἀγάπην τοῦ θεοῦ οὐκ1 ἔχετε (you have).
4. ἐπιμένωμεν (we should continue) τῇ ἁμαρτίᾳ;
5. ἀποστελεῖ (he/she/it will send) ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου τοὺς ἀγγέλους αὐτοῦ.
6. ἤγγικεν (he/she/it has drawn near) γὰρ ἡ βασιλεία τῶν οὐρανῶν.2
7. ἐπίστευσεν3 ὁ ἄνθρωπος τῷ λόγῳ.
8. γνωρισθῇ (he/she/it might be made known) νῦν ταῖς ἀρχαῖς καὶ ταῖς ἐξουσίαις.
9. ἡ ἀγάπη τοῦ θεοῦ ἐκκέχυται (he/she/it has been poured) ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ἡμῶν (our).
10. 4 Ἀρχὴ τοῦ εὐαγγελίου Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ [5 υἱοῦ6 θεοῦ].
Additional
11. ἐξουσίαν ἔχει (he/she/it has) ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ἀφιέναι (to forgive) ἁμαρτίας.
12. ἡ ἀγάπη γὰρ τοῦ θεοῦ διδάσκει (he/she/it teaches) τὴν ἐξουσίαν τοῦ κυριοῦ.
13. αἱ ἀρχαὶ τοῦ Ἰσραὴλ οὐκ ἐπίστευσαν (they believed) ὅτι ὁ Ἰησοῦς μισεῖ (he/she/it hates) τὰς ἁμαρτίας.
14. ὁ δέ λόγος τοῦ Ἰησοῦ ἔχει (he/she/it has) ἐξουσίαν ὅτι ὁ θεὸς ἦν (he/she/it was) ἐν τῇ ἀρχῇ τοῦ κοσμοῦ.
15. ἐγὼ ποιῶ (I do) τὸ ἔργον τοῦ ἄγγέλου αὐτὸς δὲ ἔχει (he/she/it has) τὴν δόξαν τοῦ θεοῦ.
16. οἱ δὲ υἱοὶ τῆς βασιλείας ἐκβληθήσονται (they will be thrown) εἰς τὸ σκότος.
17. εἶπεν αὐτῷ· ἐν ἁμαρτίαις σὺ ἐγεννήθης (you were born).
18. λατρεὺω (I serve) τὸν θεὸν ὅτι ἐγὼ πιστεύω τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ τοῦ υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ.
19. καὶ σὺ εἰσακούσῃ (you will hear) καὶ ἳλεως (merciful) ἔσῃ (you will be) ταῖς ἁμαρτίαις τοῦ λαοῦ τοῦ Ἰσραὴλ καὶ οἴσετε (you will bring) αὐτοὺς εἰς τὴν γῆν.
20. αὐτὴ εἶπεν τῷ Ἰησοῦ ὅτι οὗτοι ὀργίζουσι (they are angry) τῇ βασιλείᾳ τῶν ἀνθρώπων.
Summary
1. You can add “do” or “did” to your translation if necessary, such as when you are translating a negation.
2. Some verbs take their direct object in the dative, and a few even in the genitive. Do not use the key word associated with the genitive or dative in this situation.
3. Articles can be dropped in the Greek of titles, salutations, and well-known phrases.
4. Square brackets mark text whose authenticity is questioned.
5. Apposition is a construction that allows the author to use one noun to define another. The noun that is in apposition will either be in the same case and number as the word to which it is in apposition, or it will be in the genitive regardless of the case of the other noun. You can translate the noun by preceding it with a comma, or with “namely.”
References
α. Mt 1:20; β. Rev 5:11; γ. (2 Cor 5:14); δ. —; ε. Ac 12:22; ζ. —; η. Ex 16:7; 1. Mk 1:17; 2. Mk 2:2; 3. Jn 5:42; 4. Rom 6:1; 5. Mt 13:41; 6. Mt 3:2; 7. Jn 4:50; 8. Eph 3:10; 9. Rom 5:5; 10. Mk 1:1; 11. Mk 2:10; 12. —; 13. —; 14.—; 15. —; 16. Mt 8:12; 17. (Jn 9:34); 18. —; 19. (1 Kgs 8:34); 20. —.
1. When the Greek sentence has a negation, you normally will have to add “do” or “did” to make your translation proper English. “Do” is present tense; “did” is past. Let context determine which is appropriate.
2. This word sometimes occurs in the plural, but it is preferable to translate it as a singular in English.
3. “He/she/it believed.” This particular verb often takes its direct object in the dative and therefore you would not use the key word, in this case, with τῷ λόγῳ.
4. It is typical for the article to be dropped from titles, salutations, well-known phrases, etc. This first verse functions as the title to the gospel and is not a complete sentence.
5. Square brackets are the editors’ way of telling us that there is some uncertainty as to whether the enclosed words are authentic, i.e., original. This should raise the issue of “textual criticism,” and your teacher will, sometime, tell you about it.
6. υἱοῦ is said to be in apposition to Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ. This is a common construction in Greek and should be learned well.
When a noun (or phrase) is used to further clarify the meaning of a previous word, that noun can be put in the same number and case as the word it is describing. Alternatively, it can be placed in the genitive case (which is called a genitive of apposition).
An easy way to translate an appositional phrase is to put commas before it, or a comma and “namely.”