Grammar
1. How do you identify the stem of a noun or an adjective?
2. Match the following grammatical functions with their proper Greek case.
Direct object | Dative case |
Indirect object | Genitive case |
Possession | Nominative case |
Subject | Accusative case |
3. In the following sentences write the words that correspond to the given functions.
a. ἀγαπᾷ (he/she/it loves) ὁ θεὸς τὸν κόσμον, ᾧ (to which) ἔδωκε (he/she/it gave) τὸν υἱὸν αὐτοῦ.
Subject
Direct object
Possessive
b. οἱ προφῆται τοῦ Ἰησοῦ ἐλάλησαν (they spoke) τοῖς ἀνθρώποις τὸν λόγον.
Subject
Direct object
Possessive
Indirect object
4. How does the form of the article or any adjective correspond to the noun it modifies?
5. What is the difference between the substantival and adjectival function of an adjective?
6. How can you tell if an adjective is in the attributive or predicate position? How do you translate an adjective if you cannot tell its position?
7. Give examples of the two positions of an attributive adjective.
a.
b.
8. What is the rule that governs whether a feminine noun will exhibit the alpha to eta shift in the feminine singular, genitive, and dative?
9. How can you tell if an adjective is used substantivally?
10. Write out the first six noun rules.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
11. Write out the full paradigm of the case endings for the first and second declension.
12. Write out the full paradigm of the definite article.
Parsing
Translation: 1 John 4:1 – 6
Use the lexicon to find the meaning of words that you have not had as vocabulary words. Try to maintain the Greek order in your translation unless it produces very poor English. πνεῦμα is a third declension word (chapter 10) that means “spirit.” πνεύματι is dative singular, and πνεύματα is nominative or accusative plural.
4:1 Ἀγαπητοί, μὴ παντί (every) πνεύματι πιστεύετε1 ἀλλὰ δοκιμάζετε (test!) τὰ πνεύματα εἰ ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ ἐστιν, ὅτι πολλοὶ (many) ψευδοπροφῆται ἐξεληλύθασιν (they have gone out) εἰς τὸν κόσμον. 4:2 ἐν τούτῳ (this) γινώσκετε (you know) τὸ πνεῦμα τοῦ θεοῦ· πᾶν (Every) πνεῦμα ὃ (that) ὁμολογεῖ (he/she/it confesses that) Ἰησοῦν Χριστὸν ἐν σαρκὶ (flesh) ἐληλυθότα (he/she/it has come) ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ ἐστιν, 4:3 καὶ πᾶν πνεῦμα ὃ μὴ ὁμολογεῖ τὸν Ἰησοῦν ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ οὐκ ἔστιν· καὶ τοῦτό (this) ἐστιν τὸ2 τοῦ ἀντιχρίστου, ὃ ἀκηκόατε (you have heard) ὅτι ἔρχεται (he/she/it is coming), καὶ νῦν ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ ἐστὶν ἤδη.
4:4 Ὑμεῖς ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ ἐστε, τεκνία (little children), καὶ νενικήκατε (you have overcome) αὐτούς, ὅτι μείζων ἐστὶν ὁ (the one who is) ἐν ὑμῖν ἢ ὁ ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ. 4:5 αὐτοὶ ἐκ τοῦ κόσμου εἰσίν, διὰ τοῦτο3 ἐκ τοῦ κόσμου λαλοῦσιν (they speak) καὶ ὁ κόσμος αὐτῶν ἀκούει.4 4:6 ἡμεῖς ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ ἐσμεν, ὁ γινώσκων (one who knows) τὸν θεὸν ἀκούει ἡμῶν (us), ὃς (who) οὐκ ἔστιν ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ οὐκ ἀκούει ἡμῶν. ἐκ τούτου5 γινώσκομεν (we know) τὸ πνεῦμα τῆς ἀληθείας καὶ τὸ πνεῦμα τῆς πλάνης.
1. This verb means believe! and can take a direct object in the dative.
2. What word has been omitted that τό would normally modify?
3. διὰ τοῦτο is an idiom that means for this reason.
4. This verb means he/she/it hears and can take a direct object in either the genitive or accusative.
5. ἐκ τούτου is an idiom that here means by this.