First and Second Person Personal Pronouns
Parsing
Warm-up
α. ἤνεγκα (I brought) τὸν υἱόν μου πρὸς σέ.
β. ὁ κύριός μου καὶ ὁ θεός μου
γ. υἱοὶ τοῦ πατρὸς ὑμῶν
δ. ἐπὶ τῇ πίστει τοῦ ὀνόματος αὐτοῦ
ε. τοῖς λόγοις τῆς πίστεως καὶ τῆς καλῆς διδασκαλίας (teaching)
ζ. Ἀσπάζονται (they greet) ὑμᾶς αἱ ἐκκλησίαι πᾶσαι.
η. οὐκ ἔχω (I have) ἄνδρα.
Translation
1. 1 ἐγὼ ἐβάπτισα (I baptized) ὑμᾶς ὕδατι, αὐτὸς δὲ βαπτίσει (he/she/it will baptize) ὑμᾶς ἐν πνεύματι ἁγίῳ.
2. ἐγὼ ἐλήλυθα (I have come) ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι τοῦ πατρός μου.
3. ἰδοὺ ἡμεῖς ἀφήκαμεν (we have left) πάντα καὶ ἠκολουθήκαμέν2 σοι.
4. καὶ καυχώμεθα (we rejoice) ἐπ᾽ ἐλπίδι τῆς δόξης τοῦ θεοῦ.
5. ὃς (who) ἂν ἓν τῶν τοιούτων (these) παιδίων (children) δέξηται (he/she/it receives) ἐπὶ3 τῷ ὀνόματί μου, ἐμὲ δέχεται·4 καὶ ὃς ἂν ἐμὲ δέχηται (he/she/it receives), οὐκ ἐμὲ δέχεται ἀλλὰ τὸν ἀποστείλαντά (one who sent) με.
6. εἷς γάρ ἐστιν ὑμῶν ὁ διδάσκαλος (teacher), πάντες δὲ ὑμεῖς ἀδελφοί ἐστε.
7. καὶ ἰδὼν (after seeing) ὁ Ἰησοῦς5 τὴν πίστιν αὐτῶν λέγει (he/she/it says) τῷ παραλυτικῷ (paralytic)· τέκνον, ἀφίενταί (they are forgiven) σου αἱ ἁμαρτίαι.
8. ἰδοὺ ἡ μήτηρ σου καὶ οἱ ἀδελφοί σου [καὶ αἱ ἀδελφαί6 σου] ἔξω ζητοῦσίν (they seek) σε. καὶ ἀποκριθεὶς (answering) αὐτοῖς λέγει (he/she/it says)· τίς ἐστιν ἡ μήτηρ μου καὶ οἱ ἀδελφοί [μου]; … ἴδε ἡ μήτηρ μου καὶ οἱ ἀδελφοί μου. ὃς (who) [γὰρ] ἂν ποιήσῃ (he/she/it does) τὸ θέλημα τοῦ θεοῦ, οὗτος ἀδελφός μου καὶ ἀδελφὴ καὶ μήτηρ ἐστίν.
9. Πάντα μοι παρεδόθη (they were given) ὑπὸ τοῦ πατρός μου, καὶ οὐδεὶς ἐπιγινώσκει7 τὸν υἱὸν εἰ μὴ ὁ πατήρ,8 οὐδὲ τὸν πατέρα τις ἐπιγινώσκει εἰ μὴ ὁ υἱὸς.
10. Οὐκ9 εἰμὶ ἐλεύθερος (free); οὐκ εἰμὶ ἀπόστολος; οὐκ Ἰησοῦν τὸν κύριον ἡμῶν ἑόρακα (I have seen); οὐ τὸ ἔργον μου ὑμεῖς ἐστε ἐν κυρίῳ;10
Additional
11. ὑμῖν δὲ ἡ ἀγάπη τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ ἡ πίστις εἰς τὸν Ἰησοῦν.
12. τὸ θέλημα τοῦ θεοῦ ἡμῶν ἐστὶν ἳνα τηρῶμεν (we keep) τὰς ἐντολὰς τὰς ἀγαθὰς αὐτοῦ.
13. καὶ ἐπωνόμασεν (he/she/it named) τὴν πόλιν (city) ἐπὶ τῷ ὀνόματι τοῦ υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ Ἑνώχ.
14. οὐχ ἕνα θεὸν ἔχομεν (we have) καὶ ἕνα Χριστὸν καὶ ἕν πνεῦμα τῆς χάριτος τὸ ἐκχυθὲν (one that was poured out) ἐφ᾽ ἡμᾶς, καὶ μία κλῆσις (calling) ἐν Χριστῷ;
15. τιμήσει (he/she/it will honor) αὐτοὺς ὁ κύριος Ἰησοῦς Χριστός, εἰς ὃν (whom) ἐλπίζουσιν (they hope) σαρκί, ψυχῇ,11 πνεύματι, πίστει, ἀγάπῃ.
16. καὶ εἶπεν ὁ θεός· τί ἐποίησας (you did); φωνὴ αἳματος τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ σου βοᾷ (he/she/it is crying out) πρός με ἐκ τῆς γῆς.
17. ὁδοὶ δύο εἰσὶν διδαχῆς καὶ ἐξουσίας, ἡ … τοῦ φωτὸς καὶ ἡ τοῦ σκότους· διαφορὰ12 δὲ πολλὴ13 τῶν δύο ὁδῶν.
18. καὶ εἶπεν Δαυὶδ πάσῃ τῇ ἐκκλησίᾳ· εὐλογήσατε (bless!) κύριον τὸν θεὸν ὑμῶν· καὶ εὐλόγησεν (he/she/it blessed) πᾶσα ἡ ἐκκλησία κύριον τὸν θεὸν τῶν πατέρων αὐτῶν.
19. οὗτος ἦλθεν (he/she/it came) εἰς μαρτυρίαν ἳνα μαρτυρήσῃ (he/she/it might witness) περὶ τοῦ φωτός, ἳνα πάντες πιστεύσωσιν (they might believe) δι᾽ αὐτοῦ. οὐκ ἦν … τὸ φῶς, ἀλλ᾽ ἳνα μαρτυρήσῃ περὶ τοῦ φωτός.
20. Καὶ Ἰησοῦς προέκοπτεν (he/she/it increased) [ἐν τῇ] σοφίᾳ καὶ ἡλικίᾳ14 καὶ χάριτι παρὰ θεῷ καὶ ἀνθρώποις.
English to Greek
It is against my general practice to include any English to Greek exercises because you are concentrating on recognition of Greek. But personal pronouns are important and easy. It would be a good practice to try going from English to Greek in this situation. It is especially good to confirm that you understand the different forms of the English pronouns.
1. to me
2. our
3. us
4. you
5. my
6. to you (plural)
7. I
8. your
9. we
10. you (plural)
Summary
1. ἐπί can be used to describe the basis upon which an action or emotion is based. Many words, especially prepositions, are flexible in their meaning.
2. The subject of the main verb can be placed inside the participial phrase.
3. When a question begins with μή, the author is expecting a negative answer. If the question begins with οὐ, the author is expecting a positive answer. See 31.19.
References
α. Mk 9:17; β. Jn 20:28; γ. Mt 5:45; δ. Ac 3:16; ε. 1 Tim 4:6; ζ. Rom 16:16; η. Jn 4:17; 1. Mk 1:8; 2. Jn 5:43; 3. Mk 10:28; 4. Rom 5:2; 5. Mk 9:37; 6. Mt 23:8; 7. Mk 2:5; 8. Mk 3:32-35; 9. Mt 11:27; 10. (1 Cor 9:1); 11. —; 12.—; 13. Gen 4:17; 14. (1 Clem 46:6); 15. IPhil 11:2; 16. Gen 4:10; 17. Barn 18:1; 18. 1 Chr 29:20; 19. Jn 1:7-8; 20. Lk 2:52.
This is the Lord’s Prayer inscribed on the inside of an evangelical church in Greece. It is not modern Greek, but it is the form recited in church today. Here it is in modern Greek.
Πατέρα μας, που βρίσκεσαι στους ουρανούς,
κάνε να σε δοξάσουν όλοι ως Θεό,
να έρθει η βασιλεία σου
´ας γίνει το θέλημά σου
και από τους ανθρώπους,
όπως γίνεται από τις ουράνιες δυνάμεις.
Δώσε μας σήμερα τον απαραίτητο για τη ζωή μας άρτο.
Και χάρισέ μας τα χρέη των αμαρτιών μας,
όπως κι᾽εμείς τα χαρίζουμε στους δικούς μας οφειλέτες.
Και μη μας αφήσεις να πέσουμε σε πειρασμό,
αλλά γλίτωσέ μας από τον πονηρό.
Here it is in Koine, without the textually uncertain ending.
Πάτερ ἡμῶν ὁ ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς·
ἁγιασθήτω τὸ ὄνομά σου·
ἐλθέτω ἡ βασιλεία σου· γενηθήτω
τὸ θέλημά σου, ὡς ἐν οὐρανῷ καὶ
ἐπὶ γῆς· τὸν ἄρτον ἡμῶν τὸν
ἐπιούσιον δὸς ἡμῖν σήμερον· καὶ
ἄφες ἡμῖν τὰ ὀφειλήματα ἡμῶν,
ὡς καὶ ἡμεῖς ἀφήκαμεν τοῖς ὀφειλέταις
ἡμῶν· καὶ μὴ εἰσενέγκῃς ἡμᾶς εἰς
πειρασμόν, ἀλλὰ ῥῦσαι ἡμᾶς ἀπὸ τοῦ πονηροῦ.
1. Is there any emphasis implied in this verse by the use of the personal pronoun? As always, let context be your guide.
2. “We have followed.” This verb takes a direct object in the dative, which, as you know, means you do not use a key word with σοι.
3. The meanings of many Greek words you are learning are actually more fluid than you might have guessed. In the text you are given nice, neat definitions so you can learn their basic significance, and yet most words have a range of meaning that you will start to grasp in later chapters.
This is especially true of prepositions. Rarely will a preposition have just one or two meanings, and ἐπί is perhaps the most fluid of all prepositions. At times it may seem that it means almost anything it wants to. It doesn’t, but its meaning is quite flexible. One of its more important meanings is to describe the basis upon which an emotion or action is based. Here it describes the basis upon which a child is received, and in English we say, “in my name.”
4. Hint: What is the subject of δέχεται, which means he/she/it receives?
5. Because Ἰησοῦς is nominative, it cannot be the object of the participle ἰδὼν. It is common in biblical Greek for the author to place the subject of the sentence (ὁ Ἰησοῦς) inside the participial phrase (ἰδὼν τήν πίστιν αὐτῶν). You will always have to pull the subject out, placing it either before or after the participial phrase.
A “participle” is an “ing” word like “eating,” “seeing.” A “participial phrase” is the participle and its direct object and modifiers. Participial phrases are dependent phrases; they cannot contain the main subject and verb of the sentence. I will discuss them in chapter 26.
6. This actual word does not occur fifty or more times; but by knowing that it follows natural gender, you should be able to determine its meaning.
7. He/she/it knows. ἐπιγινώσκω describes a fuller, more complete knowledge than does γινώσκω.
8. Hint: πατήρ is nominative because it is followed by an implied ἐπιγινώσκει.
9. There are several ways to ask a question in Greek. In two of the ways, the answer is implied in the question. If the sentence begins with οὐ, the implied answer is “Yes.” If it begins with μή, then the implied answer is “No.”
We do the same thing in English. “You want to learn Greek, don’t you?” and “You don’t want to learn Greek, do you?” both imply an answer. This is discussed in detail at 31.19.
10. Sometimes when translating a question it is easiest to first translate it as a regular indicative sentence, and then shift over to a question. You might also at first find it helpful to ignore the initial οὐ and οὐχ.
11. ψυχή, -ῆς, ἡ, soul, life, self.
12. διαφορά, -ᾶς, ἡ, difference.
13. Hint: πολλή is in the predicate.
14. ἡλικία, -ας, ἡ, stature.