Parsing
Warm-up
α. ἐκ τοῦ κόσμου τούτου
β. Ἐν δὲ ταῖς ἡμέραις ἐκείναις
γ. πῶς ἐστιν τοῦτο;
δ. Πάτερ ἡμῶν
ε. καὶ ἐκείνοις εἶπεν
ζ. οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ υἱός μου.
η. ἐν τῇ πόλει ταύτῃ
Translation
1. ταύτην τὴν ἐντολὴν ἔλαβον (I received) παρὰ τοῦ πατρός μου.
2. αὕτη ἐστὶν ἡ μεγάλη1 καὶ πρώτη ἐντολή.
3. εἰ ταῦτα οἴδατε (you know), μακάριοί ἐστε ἐὰν ποιῆτε (you do) αὐτά.
4. Ἐκ δὲ τῆς πόλεως ἐκείνης πολλοὶ ἐπίστευσαν (they believed) εἰς αὐτὸν τῶν Σαμαριτῶν2 διὰ τὸν λόγον τῆς γυναικός.
5. διὰ τοῦτο3 ὑμεῖς οὐκ ἀκούετε (you hear), ὅτι ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ οὐκ ἐστέ.
6. οὗτος ἦλθεν (he/she/it came) … ἳνα μαρτυρήσῃ (he/she/it might bear witness) περὶ τοῦ φωτός, ἳνα πάντες πιστεύσωσιν (they might believe) δι᾽ αὐτοῦ. οὐκ ἦν ἐκεῖνος τὸ φῶς, αλλ᾽ ἳνα μαρτυρήσῃ περὶ τοῦ φωτός.
7. λέγει (he/she/it says) πρὸς αὐτὸν ἡ γυνή· κύριε, δός (give!) μοι τοῦτο τὸ ὕδωρ.
8. καὶ πᾶς ὁ ἔχων4 τὴν ἐλπίδα ταύτην ἐπ᾽ αὐτῷ ἁγνίζει (he/she/it purifies) ἑαυτόν, καθὼς ἐκεῖνος ἁγνός (pure) ἐστιν.
9. ἐν ποίᾳ5 ἐξουσίᾳ ταῦτα ποιεῖς (you do); ἢ τίς σοι ἔδωκεν (he/she/it gave) τὴν ἐξουσίαν ταύτην ἳνα ταῦτα ποιῇς (you might do);
10. Νῦν ἡ ψυχή (soul) μου τετάρακται (he/she/it is troubled), καὶ τί εἴπω;6 πάτερ, σῶσόν (save!) με ἐκ τῆς ὥρας ταύτης; ἀλλὰ διὰ τοῦτο ἦλθον (I came) εἰς τὴν ὥραν ταύτην. πάτερ, δόξασόν (glorify!) σου τὸ ὄνομα. ἦλθεν (he/she/it came) οὖν φωνὴ ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ· καὶ ἐδόξασα (I glorified) καὶ πάλιν δοξάσω (I will glorify).… ἀπεκρίθη Ἰησοῦς καὶ εἶπεν· οὐ δι᾽ ἐμὲ ἡ φωνὴ αὕτη γέγονεν (he/she/it came) ἀλλὰ δι᾽ ὑμᾶς.
Additional
11. αἱ δὲ γυναῖκες αὗται οὐκ ἐλπίδα ἔχουσιν (they have) ὅτι αὐταῖς οὐ δικαιοσύνη ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι τοῦ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ.
12. οἱ δώδεκα μαθηταὶ οἱ μετὰ τοῦ Ἰησοῦ τοὺς πολλοὺς λόγους ἐκείνους ἤκουσαν (they heard) ἐν τῷ οἰκῷ τοῦ θεοῦ.
13. καὶ εἶπεν Ἀδάμ· τοῦτο νῦν ὀστοῦν7 ἐκ τῶν ὀστέων μου καὶ σὰρξ ἐκ τῆς σαρκός μου· αὕτη κληθήσεται (he/she/it will be called) γυνή ὅτι ἐκ τοῦ ἀνδρὸς αὐτῆς ἐλήμφθη (he/she/it was taken) αὕτη.
14. καὶ ἐκάλεσεν (he/she/it called) Ἀδὰμ τὸ ὄνομα τῆς γυναικὸς αὐτοῦ Ζωὴ ὅτι αὕτη μήτηρ πάντων τῶν ζώντων.8
15. πολλαὶ γυναῖκες ἐκοπίησαν (they labored) διὰ τῆς χάριτος τοῦ θεοῦ αὐτῶν.
16. ζητεῖτε (Seek!) δὲ πρῶτον9 τὴν βασιλείαν [τοῦ θεοῦ] καὶ τὴν δικαιοσύνην αὐτοῦ, καὶ ταῦτα πάντα προστεθήσεται (he/she/it will be added) ὑμῖν.
17. τί ποιοῦμεν (we do) ὅτι οὗτος ὁ ἄνθρωπος πολλὰ ποιεῖ (he/she/it is doing) σημεῖα;
18. Τῶν δὲ δώδεκα ἀποστόλων τὰ ὀνόματά ἐστιν ταῦτα.
19. ἐν ἐκείνῃ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ γνώσεσθε (you will know) ὑμεῖς ὅτι ἐγὼ ἐν τῷ πατρί μου καὶ ὑμεῖς ἐν ἐμοὶ κἀγὼ ἐν ὑμῖν.
20. Περὶ δὲ τῆς ἡμέρας ἐκείνης ἢ τῆς ὥρας οὐδεὶς οἶδεν (he/she/it knows), οὐδὲ10 οἱ ἄγγελοι ἐν οὐρανῷ οὐδὲ ὁ υἱός, εἰ μή11 ὁ πατήρ.
Summary
1. In Koine Greek, the superlative is falling out of use, and the comparative can express both the comparative (“better”) and superlative (“best”) idea. Even in some instances the positive is used for one of the other degrees. As always, let context be your guide.
2. διὰ τοῦτο means “for this reason.”
3. Any adjective can function adverbially. Usually it will be in the accusative neuter when it does so (cf. sentence 16).
References
α. Jn 18:36; β. Mt 3:1; γ. (Lk 1:34); δ. Mt 6:9; ε. Mt 20:4; ζ. Mt 3:17; η. Mt 10:23; 1. Jn 10:18; 2. Mt 22:38; 3. Jn 13:17; 4. Jn 4:39; 5. Jn 8:47; 6. Jn 1:7-8; 7. Jn 4:15; 8. 1 Jn 3:3; 9. Mk 11:28; 10. Jn 12:27-28, 30; 11. —; 12. —; 13. Gen 2:23; 14. Gen 3:20; 15. (1 Clem 55:3); 16. Mt 6:33; 17. Jn 11:47; 18. Mt 10:2; 19. Jn 14:20; 20. Mk 13:32.
1. While the Greek superlative was dying out and its function being assumed by the comparative, in this verse you have something a little more unusual in that the positive degree is being used as a superlative.
2. What word does τῶν Σαμαριτῶν modify?
3. διὰ τοῦτο is an idiom that means for this reason.
4. ὁ ἔχων means one who has.
5. ἐν ποίᾳ means by what.
6. I can say. But this is a question, so you will have to change the word order.
7. ὀστέον, ου, τό, with the genitive plural ὀστέων, bone. Also occurs in its contracted form, ὀστοῦν, οῦ, τό (i.e., the εο has contracted to ου).
8. τῶν ζώντων means those who are living.
9. In this context πρῶτον is functioning adverbially. In fact, any adjective can function adverbially. When they do, they normally are in the accusative and most often in the neuter.
10. Just as you saw with καί in the previous chapter, here the two occurrences of οὐδέ act as correlative conjunctions meaning neither … or.
11. In this context, εἰ μὴ means only.