Parsing
Warm-up
α. τὰς ἐντολὰς αὐτοῦ τηροῦμεν.
β. οὐ ποιῶ τὰ ἔργα τοῦ πατρός μου.
γ. ζητοῦσίν σε.
δ. ἀγαπᾷς με;
ε. τὸ σάββατον οὐ τηρεῖ.
ζ. τί λαλεῖς μετ᾽ αὐτῆς;
η. ἀγαπῶμεν τὰ τέκνα τοῦ θεοῦ.
Translation
1. Τί δέ με καλεῖτε· κύριε, κύριε, καὶ οὐ ποιεῖτε ἃ λέγω;
2. οἱ μαθηταὶ εἶπαν (they said) αὐτῳ διὰ τί1 ἐν παραβολαῖς λαλεῖς αὐτοῖς;
3. ἡμεῖς οἴδαμεν ὅτι μεταβεβήκαμεν (we have passed) ἐκ τοῦ θανάτου εἰς τὴν ζωήν, ὅτι ἀγαπῶμεν2 τοὺς ἀδελφούς.
4. ὁ πατὴρ ἀγαπᾷ τὸν υἱὸν καὶ πάντα δέδωκεν (he/she/it has given) ἐν τῇ χειρὶ αὐτοῦ.
5. αὐτοὶ ἐκ τοῦ κόσμου εἰσίν, διὰ τοῦτο ἐκ τοῦ κόσμου λαλοῦσιν καὶ ὁ κόσμος αὐτῶν ἀκούει.
6. σὺ πιστεύεις ὅτι εἷς ἐστιν ὁ θεός, καλῶς (well) ποιεῖς· καὶ τὰ δαιμόνια πιστεύουσιν καὶ φρίσσουσιν (they shudder).
7. ὁ μὴ ἀγαπῶν (one who loves) με τοὺς λόγους μου οὐ τηρεῖ· καὶ ὁ λόγος ὃν ἀκούετε οὐκ ἔστιν ἐμὸς.
8. τί3 ποιοῦμεν ὅτι οὗτος ὁ ἄνθρωπος πολλὰ ποιεῖ σημεῖα;
9. λέγει οὖν αὐτῷ ὁ Πιλᾶτος· ἐμοὶ οὐ λαλεῖς; οὐκ οἶδας ὅτι ἐξουσίαν ἔχω ἀπολῦσαί (to free) σε καὶ ἐξουσίαν ἔχω σταυρῶσαί (to crucify) σε;
10. ἰδοὺ οἱ μαθηταί σου ποιοῦσιν ὃ οὐκ ἔξεστιν4 ποιεῖν (to do) ἐν σαββάτῳ.
Additional
11. εἰ οὖν τὰς ἐντολὰς καὶ τοὺς νόμους τοῦ θεοῦ τηροῦμεν, οἴδαμεν ὅτι ἔχομεν τὴν ἀγάπην τὴν μεγάλην αὐτοῦ ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ἡμῶν.
12. πῶς ὁ Ἰησοῦς τὰ πολλὰ σημεῖα ποιεῖ ἃ βλέπετε; ἐπὶ τῇ ἐξουσίᾳ τοῦ πνεύματος τοῦ ἁγιοῦ.
13. ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις ἐκείναις οὐκ ἦν βασιλεὺς5 ἐν Ἰσραήλ· ἀνὴρ τὸ ἀγαθὸν ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖς αὐτοῦ ποιεῖ.
14. ἀκούεις μου, Ἰακώβ, καὶ Ἰσραήλ, ὃν ἐγὼ καλῶ· ἐγώ εἰμι πρῶτος καὶ ἐγώ εἰμι εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα.6
15. οὐ λαλεῖ περὶ ἐμοῦ καλά ἀλλὰ … κακά.
16. εἰ οὖν Δαυὶδ καλεῖ αὐτὸν κύριον, πῶς υἱὸς αὐτοῦ ἐστιν;
17. τί οὗτος οὕτως λαλεῖ;
18. 7 οἱ πάντες γὰρ τὰ ἑαυτῶν ζητοῦσιν, οὐ τὰ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ.
19. 8 ἃ ἐγὼ ἑώρακα (I have seen) παρὰ τῷ πατρὶ λαλῶ· καὶ ὑμεῖς οὖν ἃ ἠκούσατε (you heard) παρὰ τοῦ πατρὸς ποιεῖτε.… ὑμεῖς ποιεῖτε τὰ ἔργα τοῦ πατρὸς ὑμῶν.
20. καὶ κατεδίωξεν9 αὐτὸν Σίμων καὶ οἱ μετ᾽ αὐτοῦ, καὶ εὗρον (they found) αὐτὸν καὶ λέγουσιν αὐτῷ ὅτι πάντες ζητοῦσίν σε.
Summary
1. διὰ τί means “why?”
2. εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα is an idiom meaning forever.
3. Sometimes a preposition is used to form a compound word, and the function of the preposition is to intensify the force of the simple word. This is the “perfective” use of a preposition. But you cannot assume the perfective force is always present. You will need to check the meaning of the word elsewhere and your immediate context (sentence 20).
References
α. 1 Jn 3:22; β. Jn 10:37; γ. Mk 3:32; δ. Jn 21:15; ε. Jn 9:16; ζ. Jn 4:27; η. 1 Jn 5:2; 1. Lk 6:46; 2. Mt 13:10; 3. 1 Jn 3:14; 4. Jn 3:35; 5. 1 Jn 4:5; 6. Jas 2:19; 7. Jn 14:24; 8. Jn 11:47; 9. Jn 19:10; 10. Mt 12:2; 11. —; 12. —; 13. (Judg 17:6); 14. (Is 48:12); 15. 1 Kgs 22:8; 16. Mt 22:45; 17. Mk 2:7; 18. Phil 2:21; 19. Jn 8:38, 41; 20. Mk 1:36-37.
1. διὰ τί is an idiom meaning why? You may want to make a vocabulary flash card for the phrase.
2. What is the theological significance of the aspect of this verbal form?
3. Hint: τί does not always mean why?
4. ἔξεστιν is a special type of verb. It technically is third person singular and means it is lawful. It always has a neuter subject.
5. βασιλεύς, -έως, ὁ, king.
6. εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα is an idiom meaning forever.
7. Hint: τά is functioning substantivally in both instances.
8. Hint: What is the direct object of λαλῶ?
9. κατεδίωξεν means he/she/it sought intently. It describes a searching done in earnest. How does knowing this help you better understand the passage?
κατά is often used to form a compound verb and carries with it an intensifying force. It is called the “perfective” use of the preposition. For example, ἐργάζομαι means I work while κατεργάζομαι means I work out thoroughly, I accomplish. ἐσθίω means I eat while κατεσθίω means I eat up thoroughly, I devour. Likewise, διώκω means I search for while καταδιώκω means I search for thoroughly, I seek intently. (For other examples of the perfective use of prepositions see Metzger, 81-85.) There is a danger here, though. You cannot always assume that a compound word carries the meaning of its parts. That is called the “Root Fallacy” (see D. A. Carson, Exegetical Fallacies [Baker, 1996]). Sometimes a compound verb has the same meaning as the simple form of the verb. As always, let context be your guide.