Verbal Roots, and Other Forms of the Future
If the verb is future, try to see what it would be in the present, and vice versa.
Parsing
Warm-up
α. ἐκεῖνος κρινεῖ αὐτὸν ἐν τῇ ἐσχάτῃ ἡμέρᾳ.
β. πολλοὶ γὰρ ἐλεύσονται ἐπὶ τῷ ὀνόματί μου.
γ. ἐν τῷ ὀνόματί μου δαιμόνια ἐκβαλοῦσιν.
δ. γνωσόμεθα τὴν ἀλήθειαν.
ε. ἐρῶ τῇ ψυχῇ μου.
ζ. αὐτὸς μένει ἐπὶ τὸν κόσμον ἀλλὰ συ μενεῖς εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας.
η. πῶς πάσας τὰς παραβολὰς γνώσεσθε;
Translation
1. ἐγὼ ἐβάπτισα (I baptized) ὑμᾶς ὕδατι, αὐτὸς δὲ βαπτίσει ὑμᾶς ἐν πνεύματι ἁγίῳ.
2. ἀποστελεῖ ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου τοὺς ἀγγέλους αὐτοῦ.
3. ἐκεῖ αὐτὸν ὄψεσθε, καθὼς εἶπεν ὑμῖν.
4. ἀπεκρίθη Ἰησοῦς καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῷ· ἐάν τις ἀγαπᾷ1 με τὸν λόγον μου τηρήσει καὶ ὁ πατήρ μου ἀγαπήσει αὐτὸν καὶ πρὸς αὐτὸν ἐλευσόμεθα.
5. τέξεται (he/she/it will bear) δὲ υἱόν, καὶ καλέσεις τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ Ἰησοῦν. αὐτὸς γὰρ σώσει τὸν λαὸν αὐτοῦ ἀπὸ τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν αὐτῶν.
6. ἢ οὐκ οἴδατε ὅτι οἱ ἅγιοι τὸν κόσμον κρινοῦσιν; … οὐκ οἴδατε ὅτι ἀγγέλους κρινοῦμεν;
7. πάντες πιστεύσουσιν εἰς αὐτόν, καὶ ἐλεύσονται οἱ Ῥωμαῖοι καὶ ἀροῦσιν τὸν τόπον ἡμῶν.
8. Ἀλλὰ ἐρεῖ τις· πῶς ἐγείρονται οἱ νεκροί; ποίῳ (in what sort of) δὲ σώματι ἔρχονται;
9. λέγει αὐτῷ· ἐκ τοῦ στόματός σου κρινῶ σε, πονηρὲ δοῦλε.
10. διὰ τοῦτο καὶ ἡ σοφία τοῦ θεοῦ εἶπεν· ἀποστελῶ εἰς αὐτοὺς προφήτας καὶ ἀποστόλους, καὶ ἐξ αὐτῶν2 ἀποκτενοῦσιν.
Additional
11. τί οἱ κακοὶ ἀποκτείνουσιν τοὺς ἀγαθούς, οἳ τηροῦσιν τὸν νόμον τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ ἀγαπῶσι πάντας;
12. ἐν τῷ στόματί μου μεγαλὴν σοφίαν λαλήσω καὶ κατὰ τὴν ὅλην ζωὴν ἐρῶ περὶ τῆς δικαιοσύνης τε καὶ τῆς ὁδοῦ τῆς ἀληθείας.
13. καὶ καλέσεις τὰ σάββατα ἅγια τῷ θεῷ σου καὶ οὐκ ἀρεῖς τὸν πόδα σου ἐπ᾽ ἔργῳ οὐδὲ λαλήσεις λόγον ἐν ὀργῇ3 ἐκ τοῦ στόματός σου.
14. ὁ θεός ἐστιν κύριος, καὶ αὐτὸς οἶδεν, καὶ Ἰσραὴλ αὐτὸς γνώσεται.
15. τὸ ὕδωρ αὐτοῦ πιστόν· βασιλέα μετὰ δόξης ὄψεσθε, καὶ ἡ ψυχὴ ὑμῶν μελετήσει4 φόβον5 κυρίου.
16. καὶ τὰ τέκνα αὐτῆς ἀποκτενῶ ἐν θανάτῳ. καὶ γνώσονται πᾶσαι αἱ ἐκκλησίαι ὅτι ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ ἐραυνῶν (one who searches) νεφροὺς6 καὶ καρδίας, καὶ δώσω (I will give) ὑμῖν ἑκάστῳ κατὰ τὰ ἔργα ὑμῶν.
17. Μὴ μόνον οὖν αὐτὸν καλῶμεν (let us call) κύριον, οὐ γὰρ τοῦτο σώσει ἡμᾶς.
18. 7 μακάριοι οἱ καθαροὶ τῇ καρδίᾳ, ὅτι αὐτοὶ τὸν θεὸν ὄψονται.
19. Ἀλλ᾽ ἐρεῖ τις· σὺ πίστιν ἔχεις, κἀγὼ ἔργα ἔχω. δεῖξόν (Show!) μοι τὴν πίστιν σου χωρὶς τῶν ἔργων, κἀγώ σοι δείξω (I will show) ἐκ τῶν ἔργων μου τὴν πίστιν. σὺ πιστεύεις ὅτι εἷς ἐστιν ὁ θεός, καλῶς ποιεῖς. καὶ τὰ δαιμόνια πιστεύουσιν καὶ φρίσσουσιν.8
20. ἐὰν τὰς ἐντολάς μου τηρήσητε (you keep), μενεῖτε ἐν τῇ ἀγάπῃ μου, καθὼς ἐγὼ τὰς ἐντολὰς τοῦ πατρός μου τετήρηκα (I have kept) καὶ μένω αὐτοῦ9 ἐν τῇ ἀγάπῃ.
Summary
1. The partitive genitive indicates the larger group, and the word it modifies indicates the smaller group.
References
α. Jn 12:48; β. Mt 24:5; γ. Mk 16:17; δ. (Jn 8:32); ε. Lk 12:19; ζ. —; η. Mk 4:13; 1. Mk 1:8; 2. Mt 13:41; 3. Mk 16:7; 4. Jn 14:23; 5. Mt 1:21; 6. 1 Cor 6:2-3; 7. (Jn 11:48); 8. 1 Cor 15:35; 9. Lk 19:22; 10. Lk 11:49; 11. —; 12. —; 13. (Is 58:13); 14. (Josh 22:22); 15. Barn 11:5; 16. Rev 2:23; 17. 2 Clem 4:1; 18. Mt 5:8; 19. Jas 2:18-19; 20. Jn 15:10.
1. ἀγαπᾷ is actually in the subjunctive mood (Chapter 31), but in this case it is identical in form to the indicative and is translated the same way.
2. αὐτῶν is called the “partitive genitive,” where the word in the genitive indicates a larger group (αὐτῶν) and the word it is modifying represents the smaller group. The problem here is that the noun it is modifying is unexpressed. Supply some in your translation for the smaller group.
3. ὀργή, -ῆς, ἡ, wrath, anger.
4. μελετάω, I practice, cultivate.
5. φόβος, -ου, ὁ, fear, reverence.
6. νεφρός, -οῦ, ὁ, mind.
7. You have to assume the verb in the first half of the sentence.
8. φρίσσω, I tremble.
9. As you know, normally αὐτοῦ follows the word it modifies, but not always. How do you know what word it modifies here?