Second Aorist Active/Middle Indicative
Parsing
Warm-up
α. ἦλθεν πρὸς τὸν Ἰησοῦν.
β. προσῆλθον αὐτῷ οἱ μαθηταί.
γ. ἔβαλεν αὐτοὺς εἰς τὴν γῆν.
δ. πνεῦμα ἅγιον ἐλάβετε;
ε. οἱ προφῆται ἀπέθανον.
ζ. εἰσῆλθεν εἰς γῆν Ἰσραήλ.
η. εὗρες γὰρ χάριν παρὰ τῷ θεῷ.
Translation
1. Χριστὸς ἀπέθανεν ὑπὲρ τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν ἡμῶν κατὰ τὰς γραφάς.
2. καὶ ἐξῆλθον οἱ μαθηταὶ καὶ ἦλθον εἰς τὴν πόλιν καὶ εὗρον καθὼς εἶπεν αὐτοῖς.
3. καὶ φωνὴ ἐγένετο ἐκ τῶν οὐρανῶν· σὺ εἶ ὁ υἱός μου ὁ ἀγαπητός.
4. διδάσκαλε, εἴδομέν τινα ἐν τῷ ὀνόματί σου ἐκβάλλοντα (who was casting out) δαιμόνια.
5. ὁ δὲ Ἰησοῦς εἶπεν αὐτῷ· τί με λέγεις ἀγαθόν; οὐδεὶς ἀγαθὸς εἰ μὴ εἷς ὁ θεός.1
6. ἐξῆλθεν καὶ ἀπῆλθεν εἰς ἔρημον (lonely) τόπον κἀκεῖ (and there) προσηύχετο. καὶ εὗρον αὐτὸν καὶ λέγουσιν αὐτῷ ὅτι πάντες ζητοῦσίν σε.
7. πολλάκις (often) καὶ2 εἰς πῦρ αὐτὸν ἔβαλεν καὶ εἰς ὕδατα.
8. οὔτε οἶδα οὔτε ἐπίσταμαι (I understand) σὺ τί λέγεις. καὶ ἐξῆλθεν ἔξω.
9. οἳτινες3 ἀπεθάνομεν4 τῇ ἁμαρτίᾳ, πῶς ἔτι ζήσομεν ἐν αὐτῇ;
10. ἀπεκρίθη αὐτοῖς ὁ Ἰησοῦς καὶ εἶπεν· ἀμὴν ἀμὴν λέγω ὑμῖν, ζητεῖτέ με οὐχ ὅτι εἴδετε σημεῖα, ἀλλ᾽ ὅτι ἐφάγετε (you ate) ἐκ τῶν ἄρτων καὶ ἐχορτάσθητε (you were satisfied).
Additional
11. ἐν τῷ οἰκῷ ἐν ᾧ οἱ μαθηταὶ τὸν ἄρτον ἀπὸ τῆς χειρὸς τοῦ Ἰησοῦ ἔλαβον, εἶπον σὺν ἀλλήλοις καὶ τῷ κυρίῳ αὐτῶν.
12. οἱ ὄχλοι προσῆλθον τὴν πόλιν καὶ ἐν τῇ συναγώγῃ συνήγαγον ὅτι ὁ Παῦλος ἐδίδασκε τὴν ἀληθείαν περὶ Ἰησοῦ τοῦ Χριστοῦ τε καὶ τοῦ κυρίου.
13. καὶ ἀπέθανεν Σαούλ καὶ τρεῖς (three) υἱοὶ αὐτοῦ ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ἐκείνῃ καὶ πᾶς ὁ οἶκος αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτὸ ἀπέθανεν.
14. εἰσῆλθεν δὲ Νῶε καὶ οἱ υἱοὶ αὐτοῦ καὶ ἡ γυνὴ αὐτοῦ καὶ αἱ γυναῖκες τῶν υἱῶν αὐτοῦ μετ᾽ αὐτοῦ εἰς τὴν κιβωτὸν5 διὰ τὸ ὕδωρ.
15. ἐν ἀγάπῃ προσελάβετο6 ἡμᾶς ὁ δεσπότης7· διὰ τὴν ἀγάπην, ἣν ἔσχεν πρὸς ἡμᾶς, τὸ αἷμα8 αὐτοῦ ἔδωκεν (he/she/it gave) ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦς Χριστὸς ὁ κύριος ἡμῶν ἐν θελήματι θεοῦ, καὶ τὴν9 σάρκα ὑπὲρ τῆς σαρκὸς ἡμῶν καὶ τὴν ψυχὴν ὑπὲρ τῶν ψυχῶν ἡμῶν.
16. Ὁ οὖν Ἰησοῦς … ἦλθεν εἰς Βηθανίαν, ὅπου ἦν Λάζαρος, ὃν ἤγειρεν (he/she/it raised) ἐκ νεκρῶν Ἰησοῦς.
17. ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ ἦν, καὶ ὁ κόσμος δι᾽ αὐτοῦ ἐγένετο, καὶ ὁ κόσμος αὐτὸν οὐκ ἔγνω.
18. Μετὰ ταῦτα ἦλθεν ὁ Ἰησοῦς καὶ οἱ μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦ εἰς τὴν Ἰουδαίαν γῆν καὶ ἐκεῖ διέτριβεν (he/she/it was spending time) μετ᾽ αὐτῶν καὶ ἐβάπτιζεν.
19. πέντε γὰρ ἄνδρας ἔσχες καὶ νῦν ὃν ἔχεις οὐκ ἔστιν σου ἀνήρ.
20. εἶπον [οὖν] αὐτῷ οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι· νῦν ἐγνώκαμεν (we know) ὅτι δαιμόνιον ἔχεις. Ἀβραὰμ ἀπέθανεν καὶ οἱ προφῆται, καὶ σὺ λέγεις· ἐάν τις τὸν λόγον μου τηρήσῃ (he/she/it might keep), οὐ μὴ10 γεύσηται11 θανάτου εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα.
Summary
1. “Correlative conjunctions” are a pair of conjunctions that connect two grammatically equal clauses. καί … καί can mean “both … and.” μέν … δέ can mean “on the one hand … but on the other.”
2. If a verb has a compound subject, the verb often agrees in number with the subject that is closest to it in word order (sentence 18).
References
α. Mt 14:29; β. Mt 14:15; γ. Rev 12:4; δ. Ac 19:2; ε. Jn 8:53; ζ. Mt 2:21; η. Lk 1:30; 1. 1 Cor 15:3; 2. Mk 14:16; 3. Mk 1:11; 4. Mk 9:38; 5. Mk 10:18; 6. Mk 12:12; 7. Mk 9:22; 8. Mk 14:68; 9. Rom 6:2; 10. Jn 6:26; 11. —; 12. —; 13. 1 Chr 10:6; 14. Gen 7:7; 15.1 Clem. 49:6; 16. Jn 12:1; 17. Jn 1:10; 18. Jn 3:22; 19. Jn 4:18; 20. Jn 8:52.
1. Why is ὁ θεός in the nominative?
2. “Correlative conjunctions” are conjunctions that work in pairs. καί … καί can mean both … and. οὔτε … οὔτε can mean neither … nor.
3. You learned ὅστις as whoever. And yet the verb cannot allow this translation. Alter your translation so the person of the verb comes through. Remember, translation must be fluid, allowing for the needs of the context.
4. Notice the agreement between the personal ending and the subject. Can you explain it?
5. κιβωτός, -οῦ, ἡ, ark.
6. προσλαμβάνω, I receive.
7. δεσπότης, -ου, ὁ, master, lord.
8. αἷμα, -ματος, τό, blood.
9. Hint: The article is performing one of its other functions in this context and is parallel to ἡμῶν.
10. Two consecutive negations do not cancel each other out as in English. οὐ μή forms a strong negation.
11. He/she/it will taste. It takes a direct object in the genitive.