Parsing
Warm-up
α. ἐζητοῦμεν αὐτόν.
β. ἐποίεις τὸν κόσμον.
γ. ἠκολούθουν αὐτῷ.
δ. οἱ Φαρισαῖοι ἔβλεπον πρὸς αὐτόν.
ε. ἐγὼ δὲ … ἠρχόμην ἐκ Μεσοποταμίας.
ζ. ἐπορεύοντο καὶ ἐλάλουν.
η. οἱ νόμοι τοῦ θεοῦ ὑπὸ τοῦ Ἰησοῦ ἐποιοῦντο.
Translation
1. αὐτὸς ἐδίδασκεν1 ἐν ταῖς συναγωγαῖς αὐτῶν.
2. ἐποίει ὡς ἤθελε.
3. ὁ ἄνθρωπος υἱὸς2 θεοῦ ἦν.
4. παραβολαῖς πολλαῖς (many) ἐλάλει αὐτοῖς τὸν λόγον καθὼς ἠδύναντο ἀκούειν (to listen).
5. καὶ αὐτὴ ἐλάλει ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ αὐτῆς … καὶ φωνὴ αὐτῆς οὐκ ἠκούετο.
6. ὁ … Πέτρος ἐτηρεῖτο ἐν τῇ φυλακῇ (prison).
7. ἠγάπα3 δὲ ὁ Ἰησοῦς τὴν Μάρθαν καὶ τὴν ἀδελφὴν4 αὐτῆς καὶ τὸν Λάζαρον.
8. 5 ἠρώτων αὐτὸν οἱ περὶ (around) αὐτὸν σὺν (with) τοῖς δώδεκα (twelve) τὰς παραβολάς.
9. λέγει αὐτοῖς ὁ Ἰησοῦς· εἰ τέκνα (children) τοῦ Ἀβραάμ ἐστε, τὰ ἔργα τοῦ Ἀβραὰμ ἐποιεῖτε.6
10. Καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα7 περιεπάτει ὁ Ἰησοῦς ἐν τῇ Γαλιλαίᾳ· οὐ γὰρ ἤθελεν ἐν τῇ Ἰουδαίᾳ (Judea) περιπατεῖν (to walk), ὅτι ἐζήτουν αὐτὸν οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι (Jews) ἀποκτεῖναι (to kill).
Additional
11. ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις τοῦ Ἰησοῦ οἱ πονηροὶ δαιμονίοις ἠκολούθουν ἀλλὰ οἱ ἀγαθοὶ τῷ κυρίῳ.
12. οἱ δὲ ἄγγελοι ἤκουον τοῦ ἀποστόλου, ἐδίδασκεν γὰρ τοὺς Φαρισαίους ἐν τῇ συναγωγῇ.
13. καὶ ἔλεγον· ἀγαθὴ ἡ γῆ (land).
14. οἱ Λευῖται ἐδίδασκον τὸν νόμον κυρίου.
15. ὁ ὄχλος ἤρχετο πρὸς αὐτόν, καὶ ἐδίδασκεν αὐτούς.
16. καὶ ἐπορεύεσθε ὀπίσω θεῶν ἀλλοτρίων.
17. ὅτε ἤμην νήπιος, ἐλάλουν ὡς νήπιος.
18. ἐπηρώτα αὐτὸν καὶ λέγει αὐτῷ· σὺ εἶ ὁ χριστὸς ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ εὐλογητοῦ;
19. Ἀγαπητοί, οὐκ ἐντολὴν καινὴν γράφω ὑμῖν (to you) ἀλλ᾽ ἐντολὴν παλαιὰν ἣν (that) εἴχετε ἀπ᾽ ἀρχῆς.
20. καὶ εὐθὺς τοῖς σάββασιν8 εἰσελθὼν (after entering) εἰς τὴν συναγωγὴν ἐδίδασκεν.
Summary
1. The imperfect can be used to emphasize the beginning of an action (“inceptive imperfect”). You can add the word “began” to your translation.
2. In Classical Greek, a contrary to fact condition that related to a present situation had an imperfect tense in both the “if” and “then” clauses. In English we form this type of conditional sentence in the “then” clause using “would,” and the imperfect is not translated as past continuous.
References
α. (Lk 2:48); β. Wsd 9:9; γ. Mk 2:15; δ. —; ε. Gen 48:7; ζ. 2 Kgs 2:11; η. —; 1. Lk 4:15; 2. Dan 8:4; 3. Mk 15:39; 4. Mk 4:33; 5. 1 Sam 1:13; 6. Ac 12:5; 7. Jn 11:5; 8. Mk 4:10; 9. Jn 8:39; 10. Jn 7:1; 11.—; 12.—; 13. Deut 1:25; 14. 1 Esdr 9:48; 15. Mk 2:13; 16. Jer 7:9; 17. 1 Cor 13:11; 18. Mk 14:61; 19. 1 Jn 2:7; 20. Mk 1:21.
1. It is permissible to add the word began before your translation of the imperfect if it fits the context. This is a special use of the tense called the “inceptive imperfect” that emphasizes the beginning of an action. See the “Exegesis” section of Chapter 21 in the Grammar, number 2.
2. The Roman centurion is speaking. Are you going to put the in front of this word?
3. Why is this verb in this tense?
4. Note the gender. ἀδελφή occurs twenty-six times in the New Testament, but it is easy to remember.
5. Hint: Locate the subject; it is a phrase.
6. This is what is called a “conditional sentence,” which is an “if … then …” construction. It is also a special type of conditional sentence called “contrary to fact,” where the speaker knows that the “if” clause is not true. In Classical Greek, a contrary to fact condition that related to a present situation had an imperfect tense in the “if” clause and an imperfect in the “then” clause. (Sentence 9 here, however, has a present tense in the “if” clause.) In English, we form this type of conditional sentence in the “then” clause using “would.” I will discuss conditional sentences in detail in Chapter 35.
7. ταῦτα is the accusative plural neuter of οὗτος.
8. Treat this word as if it were σάββατοις. It will make sense in chapter 10 (i.e., it uses a third declension ending in the dative plural).