From none of his friends and from none of the leaders of the Senate did Sulla encounter opposition—except, that is, from the junior consul. Quintus Pompeius Rufus just kept getting more and more depressed, and ended in saying flatly that he could not countenance the execution of men like Gaius Marius and Publius Sulpicius.
Knowing that he had no intention of executing Marius— though Sulpicius would have to go—Sulla tried at first to jolly Pompeius Rufus out of his megrims. When that didn’t work, he harped upon the death of young Quintus Pompeius at the hands of Sulpicius’s mob. But the harder Sulla talked, the more obstinate Pompeius Rufus became. It was vital to Sulla that no one see a rift in the concord of those in power and so busily legislating the tribal assemblies out of existence. Therefore, he decided, Pompeius Rufus would have to be removed from Rome and from the sight of those soldiers who so offended his fragile sensitivities.
One of the most fascinating changes at work within Sulla concerned this new exposure to supreme power; it was a change he recognized for what it was, and relished it, cherished it. Namely, that he was able to find more satisfaction and release from inner torment by enacting laws to ruin people than ever in the days when he had had to resort to murder. To manipulate the State into ruining Gaius Marius was infinitely more enjoyable than administering a dose of the slowest poison to Gaius Marius, better even than holding Gaius Marius’s hand while he died; this new aspect of statecraft set Sulla on a different plane, shot him up into heights so rarefied and exclusive that he could feel himself looking a long way down at the frantic gyrations of his puppets, a god upon Olympus, as free from moral as from ethical restraints.
And so he set out to dispose of Quintus Pompeius Rufus in a completely new and subtle way, a way which exercised his mental faculties and spared him a great deal of anxiety. Why run the risk of getting caught murdering when it was possible to have other people murder on your behalf?
“My dear Quintus Pompeius, you need a spell in the field,” said Sulla to his junior colleague with great earnestness and warmth. “It has not escaped me that ever since the death of our dear boy you’ve been morose, too easily upset. You’ve lost your ability to be detached, to see the enormity of the design we weave upon the loom of government. The smallest things cast you down! But I don’t think a holiday is the answer. What you need is a spell of hard work.”
The rather faded eyes rested upon Sulla’s face with a huge and genuine affection; how could he not be grateful that his term as consul had allied him to one of history’s outstanding men? Who could have guessed it in the days when their alliance had been formed? “I know you’re right, Lucius Cornelius,” he said. “Probably about everything. But it’s very hard for me to reconcile myself to what has happened. And is still happening. If you feel there is some job I can do usefully, I’d be very glad to do it.”
“There’s one extremely important thing you can do—a job only the consul can succeed in doing,” said Sulla eagerly.
“What?”
“You can relieve Pompey Strabo of his command.”
An unpleasant shiver attacked the junior consul, who now looked at Sulla apprehensively. “But I don’t think Pompey Strabo wants to lose his command any more than you did!”
“On the contrary, my dear Quintus Pompeius. I had a letter from him the other day. In it he asked if it could be arranged that he be relieved of his command. And he specifically asked that his relief be you. Fellow Picentine and all the rest of it—you know! His troops don’t like generals who aren’t Picentines,” said Sulla, watching the gladness spread over the junior consul’s face. “Your chief job will be to see to their discharge, actually. All resistance in the north is at an end, there’s no further need for an army up there, and certainly Rome can’t afford to continue paying for one.” Sulla adopted a serious mien. “This is not a sinecure I’m offering you, Quintus Pompeius. I know why Pompey Strabo wants to be replaced all of a sudden. He doesn’t want the odium of discharging his men. So let another Pompeius do it!”
“That I don’t mind, Lucius Cornelius.” Pompeius Rufus squared his shoulders. “I’d be grateful for the work.”
The Senate issued a senatus consultum the next day to the effect that Gnaeus Pompeius Strabo was to be relieved of his command and replaced by Quintus Pompeius Rufus. Whereupon Quintus Pompeius Rufus left Rome immediately, secure in the knowledge that none of the condemned fugitives had yet been apprehended; he would not be contaminated by the foulness of it after all.
“You may as well act as your own courier,” said Sulla, handing him the Senate’s order. “Just do me one favor, Quintus Pompeius—before you give Pompey Strabo the Senate’s document, give him this letter from me and ask him to read it first.”
Since Pompey Strabo at that time was in Umbria in the company of his own legions and encamped outside Ariminum, the junior consul traveled on the Via Flaminia, the great north road which crossed the watershed of the Apennines between Assisium and Cales. Though it was not yet winter, the weather at those heights was freezingly cold, so Pompeius Rufus journeyed warmly inside a closed carpentum, and with sufficient luggage to fill a mule-drawn cart. As he knew he was going to a military posting, his only escorts were his lictors and a party of his own slaves. As the Via Flaminia was one of the roads home, he had no need to avail himself of hostelries along the way. He knew all the owners of large houses en route, and stayed with them.
In Assisium his host, an old acquaintance, was obliged to apologize for the standard of accommodation he offered.
“Times have changed, Quintus Pompeius!” he sighed. “I have had to sell so much! And then—as if I didn’t already have too many troubles!—I am invaded by a plague of mice!”
Thus Quintus Pompeius Rufus went to bed in a room he remembered as being more richly furnished than it now was, and colder than of yore due to the pillaging of its window shutters by a passing army in need of firewood. For a long time he lay sleepless listening to the scurryings and squeakings, thinking of what was going on in Rome and full of fear because he couldn’t help but feel Lucius Cornelius had gone too far. Far too far. There was going to be a reckoning. Too many generations of tribunes of the plebs had strutted up and down the Forum Romanum for the Plebs to lie down under this insult Sulla was offering them. The moment the senior consul was safely abroad all his laws would tumble. And men like himself, Quintus Pompeius Rufus, would bear the blame—and the prosecutions.
His breath clouding the icy air, he got up at dawn and sought his clothes, shivering, teeth chattering. A pair of breeches to cover himself from waist to knees, a long-sleeved warm shirt he could tuck inside the breeches, two warm tunics over the top of that; and two tubes of greasy wool, nether ends sealed, to cover his feet and his legs up to the knees.
But when he picked up his socks and sat on the edge of the bed to draw them on, he discovered that during the night the mice had eaten the richly smelly nether ends of the socks completely away. Flesh crawling, he held them up to the grey light of the unshuttered window and gazed at them sightlessly, filled with horror. For he was a superstitious Picentine, he knew what this meant. Mice were the harbingers of death, and mice had eaten off his feet. He would fall. He would die. It was a prophecy.
His body servant found him another pair of socks and knelt to smooth them up over Pompeius Rufus’s legs, alarmed at the still and voiceless effigy sitting on the edge of the bed. The man understood the omen well, prayed it was untrue.
“Domine, it is nothing to worry about,” he said.
“I am going to die,” said Pompeius Rufus.
“Nonsense!” said the slave heartily, helping his master to his feet. “I’m the Greek! I know more about the gods of the Underworld than any Roman! Apollo Smintheus is a god of life and light and healing, yet mice are sacred to him! No, I think the omen means you will heal the north of its troubles.”
“It means I will die,” said Pompeius Rufus, and from that interpretation he would not be budged.
He rode into Pompey Strabo’s camp three days later more or less reconciled to his fate, and found his remote cousin living in some state in a big farmhouse.
“Well, this is a surprise!” said Pompey Strabo genially, holding out his right hand. “Come in, come in!”
“I have two letters with me,” said Pompeius Rufus, sitting in a chair and accepting the best wine he had sampled since leaving Rome. He extended the little rolls of paper. “Lucius Cornelius asked if you would read his letter first. The other is from the Senate.”
A change came over Pompey Strabo the moment the junior consul mentioned the Senate, but he said nothing, nor produced an expression which might have illuminated his feelings. He broke Sulla’s seal.
It pains me, Gnaeus Pompeius, to be obliged by the Senate to send your cousin Rufus to you under these circumstances. No one is more appreciative than I of the many, many services you have done Rome. And no one will be more appreciative than I if you can do Rome yet one more service—-one of considerable import to all our future careers.
Our mutual colleague Quintus Pompeius is a sadly shattered man. From the moment of his son’s death— my own son-in-law, and father of my two grandchildren—our poor dear friend has been suffering an alarming decline. As his presence is a grave embarrassment, it has become necessary for me to remove him. You see, he cannot find it in himself to approve of the measures I have been forced—I repeat, forced—to take in order to preserve the mos maiorum.
Now I know, Gnaeus Pompeius, that you fully approve of these measures of mine, as I have kept you properly informed and you have communicated with me regularly yourself. It is my considered opinion that the good Quintus Pompeius is in urgent and desperate need of a very long rest. It is my hope that he will find this rest with you in Umbria.
I do hope you will forgive me for my telling Quintus Pompeius about your anxiety to be rid of your command before your troops are discharged from service. It relieved his mind greatly to know that you will welcome him gladly.
Pompey Strabo laid Sulla’s piece of paper down and broke the official Senate seal. What he thought as he read did not appear on his face. Finished deciphering it—like Sulla’s note, he kept his voice too low and slurred for Pompeius Rufus to hear—he put it on his desk, looked at Pompeius Rufus, and smiled broadly.
“Well, Quintus Pompeius, yours is indeed a welcome presence!” he said. “It will be a pleasure to shed my duties.”
Expecting rage frustration, indignation, despite Sulla’s assurances, Pompeius Rufus gaped. “You mean Lucius Cornelius was right? You don’t mind? Honestly?”
“Mind? Why should I mind? I am delighted,” said Pompey Strabo. “My purse is feeling the pinch.”
“Your purse?”
“I have ten legions in the field, Quintus Pompeius, and I’m paying more than half of them myself.”
‘Are you?”
“Well, Rome can’t.” Pompey Strabo got up from his desk. “It’s time the men who aren’t my own were discharged, and it’s a task I don’t want. I like to fight, not write things. Haven’t got good enough eyesight, for one. Though I did have a cadet in my service who could write superbly. Actually loved doing it! Takes all sorts, I suppose.” Pompey Strabo’s arm went round Pompeius Rufus’s shoulders. “Now come and meet my legates and my tribunes. All men who’ve served under me for a long time, so take no notice if they seem upset. I haven’t told them of my intentions.”
The astonishment and chagrin Pompey Strabo hadn’t shown was clearly written on the faces of Brutus Damasippus and Gellius Poplicola when Pompey Strabo gave them the news.
“No, no, boys, it’s excellent!” cried Pompey Strabo. “It will also do my son good to serve some other man than his father. We all get far too complacent when there are no changes in wind direction. This will freshen everybody up.”
That afternoon Pompey Strabo paraded his army and permitted the new general to inspect it.
“Only four legions here—my own men,” said Pompey Strabo as he accompanied Pompeius Rufus down the ranks. “The other six are all over the place, mostly mopping up or loafing. One in Camerinum, one in Fanum Fortunae, one in Ancona, one in Iguvium, one in Arretium, and one in Cingulum. You’ll have quite a lot of traveling to do as you discharge them. There doesn’t seem much point in bringing them all together just to give them their papers.”
“I won’t mind the traveling,” said Pompeius Rufus, who was feeling somewhat better. Perhaps his body servant was in the right of it, perhaps the omen didn’t indicate his death.
That night Pompey Strabo held a small banquet in his warm and commodious farmhouse. His very attractive young son was present, as were the other cadets, the legates Lucius Junius Brutus Damasippus and Lucius Gellius Poplicola, and four unelected military tribunes.
“Glad I’m not consul anymore and have to put up with those fellows,” said Pompey Strabo, meaning the elected tribunes of the soldiers. “Heard they refused to go to Rome with Lucius Cornelius. Typical. Stupid oafs! All got inflated ideas of their importance.”
“Do you really approve of the march on Rome?” asked Pompeius Rufus a little incredulously.
“Definitely. What else could Lucius Cornelius do?”
“Accept the decision of the People.”
“An unconstitutional spilling of the consul’s imperium? Oh, come now, Quintus Pompeius! It wasn’t Lucius Cornelius acted illegally, it was the Plebeian Assembly and that traitorous cunnus Sulpicius. And Gaius Marius. Greedy old grunt. He’s past it, but he hasn’t even got the sense left to realize that. Why should he be allowed to act unconstitutionally without anyone’s saying a word against him, while poor Lucius Cornelius stands up for the constitution and gets shit thrown at him from every direction?”
“The People never have loved Lucius Cornelius, but they most certainly don’t love him now.”
“Does that worry him?” asked Pompey Strabo.
“I don’t think so. I also think it ought to worry him.”
“Rubbish! And cheer up, cousin! You’re out of it now. When they find Marius and Sulpicius and all the rest, you won’t be blamed for their execution,” said Pompey Strabo. “Have some more wine.”
The next morning the junior consul decided to stroll about the camp, familiarize himself with its layout. The suggestion he do so had come from Pompey Strabo, who declined to keep him company.
“Better if the men see you on your own,” he said.
Still astonished at the warmth of his reception, Pompeius Rufus walked wherever he liked, finding himself greeted by everyone from centurions to rankers in a most friendly manner. His opinion was asked about this or that, he was flattered and deferred to. However, he was intelligent enough to keep his most condemnatory thoughts to himself until such time as Pompey Strabo was gone and his own command an established thing. Among these unfavorable reactions was shock at the lack of hygiene in the camp’s sanitary arrangements; the cesspits and latrines were neglected, and far too close to the well from which the men were drawing water. This was typical of genuine landsmen, thought Pompeius Rufus. Once they considered a place was fouled, they just picked up and moved somewhere else.
When the junior consul saw a large group of soldiers coming toward him he felt no fear, no premonition, for they all wore smiles and all seemed eager for a conference. His spirits lifted; perhaps he could tell them what he thought about camp hygiene. So as they clustered thickly about him he smiled on them pleasantly, and hardly felt the first sword blade as it sheared through his leather under-dress, slid between two ribs, and kept on going. Other swords followed, many and quick. He didn’t even cry out, didn’t have time to think about the mice and his socks. He was dead before he fell to earth. The men melted away.
“What a sad business!” exclaimed Pompey Strabo to his son as he got up from his knees. “Stone dead, poor fellow! Must have been wounded thirty times. All mortal too. Good sword work—must have been good men.”
“But who?” asked another cadet when Young Pompey didn’t answer.
“Soldiers, obviously,” said Pompey Strabo. “I imagine the men didn’t want a change of general. I had heard something to that effect from Damasippus, but I didn’t take it too seriously.”
“What will you do, Father?” asked Young Pompey.
“Send him back to Rome.”
“Isn’t that illegal? Casualties in the war are supposed to be given a funeral on the spot.”
“The war’s over, and this is the consul,” said Pompey Strabo. “I think the Senate should see his body. Young Gnaeus, my son, you can make all the arrangements. Damasippus can escort the body.”
It was done with maximum effect. Pompey Strabo sent a courier to summon a meeting of the Senate, then delivered Quintus Pompeius Rufus to the door of the Curia Hostilia. No explanation was tendered beyond what Damasippus had to say in person—and that was simply that the army of Pompey Strabo refused to have a different commander. The Senate got the message. Gnaeus Pompeius Strabo was humbly asked if—considering that his delegated successor was dead—he would mind keeping his command in the north.
Sulla read his personal letter from Pompey Strabo in private.
Well, Lucius Cornelius, isn’t this a sorry business? I’m afraid my army isn’t saying who did it, and I’m not about to punish four good legions for something only thirty or forty men took it upon themselves to do. My centurions are baffled. So is my son, who stands on excellent terms with the rankers and can usually find out what’s going on. It’s my fault, really. I just didn’t realize how much my men loved me. After all, Quintus Pompeius was a Picentine. I didn’t think they’d mind him one little bit.
Anyway, I hope the Senate sees its way clear to keeping me on as commander-in-chief in the north. If the men wouldn’t countenance a Picentine, they certainly wouldn’t countenance a stranger, now would they? We’re a rough lot, we northerners.
I would like to wish you very well in all your own endeavors, Lucius Cornelius. You are a champion of the old ways, but you do have an interesting new style.
A man might learn from you. Please understand that you have my wholehearted support, and don’t hesitate to let me know if there is any other way in which I can help you.
Sulla laughed, then burned the letter, one of the few reassuring pieces of news he had received. That Rome wasn’t happy with the Sullan alterations to the constitution he now knew beyond a shadow of a doubt, for the Plebeian Assembly had met and elected ten new tribunes of the plebs. Every man voted in was an opponent of Sulla and a supporter of Sulpicius; among them were Gaius Milonius, Gaius Papirius Carbo Arvina, Publius Magius, Marcus Vergilius, Marcus Marius Gratidianus (the adopted nephew of Gaius Marius), and none other than Quintus Sertorius. When Sulla had heard that Quintus Sertorius was putting himself up as a candidate, he had sent a warning to Sertorius not to stand if he knew what was good for him. A warning Sertorius had chosen to ignore, saying steadily that it could now make little difference to the State who was elected a tribune of the plebs.
This signal defeat gave Sulla to understand that he must ensure the election of strongly conservative curule magistrates; both the consuls and all six praetors would have to be staunch proponents of the leges Corneliae. The quaestors were easy. They were all either reinstated senators or young men from senatorial families who could be relied upon to shore up the power of the Senate. Among them was Lucius Licinius Lucullus, who was seconded to Sulla’s service.
Of course one of the consular candidates would have to be Sulla’s own nephew, Lucius Nonius, who had been a praetor two years before, and would not offend his uncle if elected a consul. The pity of it was that he was a rather insipid man who had done nothing so far to distinguish himself, and was therefore not going to be someone the electors fancied. But his choice as a candidate would please Sulla’s sister, whom Sulla had almost forgotten, so little family feeling did he have. When she came to Rome to stay—as she did periodically—he never bothered to see her. That would have to change! Luckily Dalmatica was anxious to do what she could, and was an hospitable, patient kind of wife; she could look after his sister and the dreary Lucius Nonius, hopefully soon to be consul.
Two other consular candidates were welcome. The erstwhile legate of Pompey Strabo, Gnaeus Octavius Ruso, was definitely for Sulla and the old ways; he probably also had orders from Pompey Strabo. The second promising candidate was Publius Servilius Vatia—a plebeian Servilius but from a fine old family, and highly thought of among the First Class. Into the bargain, he had a very formidable war record, always an electoral asset.
However, there was one candidate who worried Sulla greatly, chiefly because he would appear on the surface to the First Class as just the right kind of consular material, sure to uphold senatorial privilege and bolster knightly prerogatives, no matter how unwritten. Lucius Cornelius Cinna was a patrician of Sulla’s own gens, he was married to an Annia, possessed of a luminous war record, and well known as an orator and advocate. But Sulla knew he had tied himself in some way to Gaius Marius—probably Marius had bought him. Like so many senators, a few months ago his finances were well known to be shaky—yet when the senators were expelled for debt, Cinna was discovered to be very plump in the purse. Yes, bought, thought Sulla gloomily. How clever of Gaius Marius! Of course it was to do with Young Marius and the accusation that he had murdered Cato the Consul. In normal times, Sulla doubted if Cinna could have been bought; he didn’t seem that sort of man—one reason why he was going to appeal to the electors of the First Class. Yet when times were hard and ruin loomed of a scale to affect a man’s sons as well as his own future, many a highly principled man might allow himself to be bought. Particularly if that highly principled man didn’t think his altered status would lead him to alter his principles.
As if the curule elections were not worrying enough, Sulla was also aware that his army was tired of occupying Rome. It wanted to go east to fight Mithridates, and of course did not fully understand the reasons why its general kept lingering inside Rome. It was also beginning to experience increased resistance to its residence within the city; not that the number of free meals and free beds and free women had decreased, more that those who had never condoned its presence now were emboldened to retaliate by chucking the contents of their chamber pots out their windows onto hapless soldier heads.
Had Sulla only been willing to bribe heavily, he might have ensured success in the curule elections, as the climate was exactly right for bountiful bribery. But for nothing and nobody would Sulla consent to part with his little hoard of gold. Let Pompey Strabo pay legions out of his own purse if he chose and let Gaius Marius say he was prepared to do the same; Lucius Cornelius Sulla regarded it as Rome’s duty to foot the bill. If Pompeius Rufus had still been alive, Sulla might have secured the money from the wealthy Picentine; but he hadn’t thought of that before he sent the wealthy Picentine north to his death.
My plans are good but their execution is precarious, he thought. This wretched city is too full of men with opinions of their own, all determined to get what they want. Why is it that they can’t see how sensible and proper my plans are? And how can any man draw sufficient power unto himself to ensure his plans remain undisturbed? Men of ideals and principles are the ruin of the world!
And so toward the end of December he sent his army back to Capua under the command of the good faithful Lucullus, now officially his quaestor. Having done that, he threw caution to the winds and his chances into the lap of Fortune by holding the elections.
Though he was convinced he had not underestimated the strength of the resentment against him in every stratum of Roman society, the truth was that Sulla did not grasp the depth and the extent of that animosity. No one said a word, no one looked at him awry; but beneath this lip service the whole of Rome was finding it impossible to forget or forgive Sulla’s bringing an army into Rome—or Sulla’s army holding its allegiance to Sulla ahead of its allegiance to Rome.
This seething resentment ran from the highest echelons all the way down into the very gutter. Even men as inescapably committed to him and to the supremacy of the Senate as the Brothers Caesar and the Brothers Scipio Nasica wished desperately that Sulla could have lit upon some other way of solving the Senate’s dilemma than using his army. And below the First Class there were two additional ulcerations festering inside men’s minds; that a tribune of the plebs had been condemned to death during his year in office, and that the old and crippled Gaius Marius had been hounded out of home, family, position—and condemned to death.
Some hint of all this rankling dissatisfaction became apparent as the new curule magistrates were returned. Gnaeus Octavius Ruso was the senior consul, but the junior consul was Lucius Cornelius Cinna. The praetors were an independent lot, among whom were none Sulla could really count on.
But it was the election of the tribunes of the soldiers in the Assembly of the Whole People that troubled Sulla most of all. They were uniformly ugly men, and included wolfs-heads like Gaius Flavius Fimbria, Publius Annius, and Gaius Marcius Censorinus. Ripe to ride roughshod over their generals, thought Sulla—let any general with this lot in his legions try to march on Rome! They’d kill him with as little scruple as Young Marius did Cato the Consul. I am very glad I am passing out of my consulship and won’t have them in my legions. Every last one of them is a potential Saturninus.
*
Despite the disappointing electoral results, Sulla was not a wholly unhappy man as the old year wore away to its end. If the delay had done nothing else, it had given his agents in Asia Province, Bithynia, and Greece time to apprise him what the true situation was. Definitely his wisest course was to go to Greece, worry about Asia Minor later. He had not the troops to attempt a flanking maneuver; it would have to be a straight effort to roll Mithridates back and out of Greece and Macedonia. Not that the Pontic invasion of Macedonia had gone according to plan; Gaius Sentius and Quintus Bruttius Sura had proven yet again that might was not always enough when the enemy was Roman. They had wrought great deeds with their tiny armies. But they couldn’t possibly keep going.
His most urgent consideration was therefore to get himself and his troops out of Italy. Only by defeating King Mithridates and plundering the East would he inherit Gaius Marius’s unparalleled reputation. Only by bringing home the gold of Mithridates would he pull Rome out of her financial crisis. Only if he did all this would Rome forgive him for marching against her. Only then would the Plebs forgive him for turning their precious assembly into a place best suited for playing dice and twiddling thumbs.
On his last day as consul, Sulla called the Senate to a “special meeting and spoke to them with genuine sincerity; he believed implicitly in himself and in his new measures.
“If it were not for me, Conscript Fathers, you would not now exist. I can say that in truth, and I do say it. Had the laws of Publius Sulpicius Rufus remained on the tablets, the Plebs—not even the People!—would now be ruling Rome without any kind of check or balance. The Senate would be just another vestigial relic staffed by too few men to form a quorum. No recommendations to Plebs or People could be made, nor any decisions be taken about matters we regard as purely senatorial business. So before you start weeping and wailing about the fate of the Plebs and the People, before you start wallowing in an excess of undeserved pity for the Plebs and the People, I suggest that you remember what this august body would be at this moment were it not for me.”
“Here, here!” cried Catulus Caesar, very pleased because his son, one of the new slightly-too-young senators, had finally come back from his war duties and was sitting in the Senate; he had been anxious that Catulus should see Sulla act as consul.
“Remember too,” said Sulla, “that if you wish to retain the right to guide and regulate Rome’s government, you must uphold my laws. Before you contemplate any upheavals, think of Rome! For Rome’s sake, there must be peace in Italy. For Rome’s sake, you must make a strenuous effort to find a way around our financial troubles and give Rome back her old prosperity. We cannot afford the luxury of seeing tribunes of the plebs run riot. The status quo as I have set it up must be maintained! Only then will Rome recover. We cannot permit Sulpician idiocies!”
He looked directly at the consuls-elect. “Tomorrow, Gnaeus Octavius and Lucius Cinna, you will inherit my office and the office of my dead colleague, Quintus Pompeius. I shall have become a consular. Gnaeus Octavius, will you give me your solemn word that you will uphold my laws?”
Octavius didn’t hesitate. “I will, Lucius Sulla. You have my solemn word on it.”
“Lucius Cornelius of the branch cognominated Cinna, will you give me your word that you will uphold my laws?”
Cinna stared at Sulla fearlessly. “That all depends, Lucius Cornelius of the branch cognominated Sulla. I will uphold your laws if they prove to be a workable way of governing. At the moment I am not sure they will. The machinery is so incredibly antique, so manifestly unwieldy, and the rights of a large part of our Roman community have been—I can find no other word for it—annulled. I am very sorry to inconvenience you, but as things stand, I must withhold my promise.”
An extraordinary change came over Sulla’s face; like some other people of late, the Senate was now privileged to catch a glimpse of that naked clawed creature which dwelt inside Lucius Cornelius Sulla. And like all others, the senators never forgot that glimpse. And in the years to come, would shiver at the memory as they waited for the reckoning.
Before Sulla could open his mouth to answer, Scaevola Pontifex Maximus interjected.
“Lucius Cinna, leave well enough alone!” he cried; he was remembering that after his first glimpse of Sulla’s beast, Sulla had marched on Rome. “I implore you, give the consul your promise!”
Then came the voice of Antonius Orator. “If this is the sort of attitude you intend to adopt, Cinna, then I suggest you watch your back! Our consul Lucius Cato neglected to do so, and he died.”
The House was murmuring, new senators as well as old, and most of the words were of exasperation and fear at Cinna’s stand. Oh, why couldn’t all these consular men leave ambition and posturing aside? Didn’t they see how desperately Rome needed peace, internal stability?
“Order!” said Sulla, just the once, and not very loudly. But as he still wore that look, silence fell immediately,
“Senior consul, may I speak?” asked Catulus Caesar, who was remembering that his first experience of Sulla’s look had been followed by a retreat from Tridentum.
“Speak, Quintus Lutatius.”
“First of all, I wish to pass a comment about Lucius Cinna,” said Catulus Caesar coldly. “I think he bears watching. I deplore his election to an office I do not think he will fill meritoriously. Lucius Cinna may have a magnificent war record, but his political understanding and his ideas as to how Rome ought to be governed are minimal. When he was urban praetor none of the measures which ought to have been taken were taken. Both the consuls were in the field, yet Lucius Cinna—virtually in charge of the governance of Rome!—made no attempt to stave off her terrible economic afflictions. Had he done at that early stage, Rome might now be better off. Yet here today we have Lucius Cinna, now consul-elect, demurring at giving a far more intelligent and able man a promise which was asked of him in the true spirit of senatorial government.”
“You haven’t said a word to make me change my mind, Quintus Lutatius Servilis,” said Cinna harshly, calling Catulus Caesar servile.
“I am aware of that,” said Catulus Caesar, at his haughtiest. “In fact, it is my considered opinion that nothing any one of us—or all of us!—could say would influence you to change your mind. Your mind is closed fast, like your purse upon the money Gaius Marius gave you to whiten the reputation of his murdering son!”
Cinna flushed; it was an affliction he loathed, yet could not seem to cure, and it always betrayed him.
“There is one way, however, in which we Conscript Fathers can make sure Lucius Cinna upholds the measures our senior consul has taken with such care,” said Catulus Caesar. “I suggest that a most solemn and binding oath be required of both Gnaeus Octavius and Lucius Cinna. To the effect that they will swear to uphold our present system of government, as laid down on the tablets by Lucius Sulla.”
“I agree,” said Scaevola Pontifex Maximus.
“And I,” said Flaccus Princeps Senatus.
“And I,” said Antonius Orator.
“And I,” said Lucius Caesar the censor.
“And I,” said Crassus the censor.
“And I,” said Quintus Ancharius.
“And I,” said Publius Servilius Vatia.
“And I,” said Lucius Cornelius Sulla, turning to Scaevola. “High priest, will you administer this oath to the consuls-elect?”
“I will.”
“And I will take it,” said Cinna loudly, “if I see the House divide in a clear majority.”
“Let the House divide,” said Sulla instantly. “Those in favor of the oath, please stand to my right. Those not in favor, please stand to my left.”
Only a very few senators stood to Sulla’s left, but the first to get there was Quintus Sertorius, his muscular frame exuding anger.
“The House has divided and shown its wishes conclusively,” said Sulla, the look vanished completely from his face. “Quintus Mucius, you are the Pontifex Maximus. How do you say this oath should be administered?’’
“Legally,” said Scaevola promptly. “The first phase involves the whole House going with me to the temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus, where the flamen Dialis and I will sacrifice a victim to the Great God. It will be a two-year-old sheep, and the Priests of the Two Teeth will attend us.”
“How convenient!” said Sertorius loudly. “I’ll bet that when we get to the top of the Capitol, all the requisite men and animals will be waiting for us!”
Scaevola carried on as if no one had spoken. “After the sacrifice I will ask Lucius Domitius—who is son of the late Pontifex Maximus and not directly involved in this business—to take the auspices from the liver of the victim. If the omens are suitably propitious, I will then lead the House to the temple of Semo Sancus Dius Fidius, the god of Divine Good Faith. There—under the open sky, as is required of all oath-takers—I will charge the consuls-elect to uphold the leges Corneliae.”
Sulla rose from his curule chair. “Then by all means let us do it, Pontifex Maximus.”
The omens were propitious, made the more so on the walk from the Capitol to the temple of Semo Sancus Dius Fidius when an eagle was seen to be flying from left to right across the Porta Sanqualis by the whole Senate in procession.
But Cinna had no intention of allowing himself to be bound by an oath to uphold Sulla’s constitution, and he knew exactly how he was going to render his oath no oath. As the senators wended their way up the hill to the temple of the Great God on the Capitol, he deliberately fell in with Quintus Sertorius, and without letting anyone see him speak—let alone hear what he said—he asked Quintus Sertorius to find him a certain kind of stone. Then as the senators wended their way from one temple to the other, Sertorius dropped the stone unnoticed within the folds of Cinna’s toga. To work it to a place where he could close the fingers of his left hand around it was easy; for it was a small stone, smooth and oval.
From early childhood he, like every other Roman boy, had known that he must go outside into the open air before he could take one of the splendidly juicy oaths so loved by little boys—oaths of friendship and enmity, fear and fury, daring and delusion. For the swearing of an oath had to be witnessed by the gods of the sky; if they did not witness it, then it was not a true and binding oath. Like all his boyhood companions, Cinna had taken the ritual with total seriousness. But he had once met a fellow—the son of the knight Sextus Perquitienus—who, having been brought up in that hideous house, had abrogated every oath he ever swore. The two were much of an age, though the son of Sextus Perquitienus did not mix with the sons of senators. The encounter had been a chance one, and it had involved the taking of an oath.
“All you do,” had said the son of Sextus Perquitienus, “is hold on to the bones of Mother Earth. And to do that, you just keep a stone in your hand as you swear. You have put yourself in the care of the gods of the Underworld because the Underworld is built of the bones of Mother Earth. Stone, Lucius Cornelius. Stone is bone!”
So when Lucius Cornelius Cinna swore his oath to uphold Sulla’s laws, he held his stone tightly clenched in his left hand. Finished, he bent down quickly to the floor of the temple—which, being devoid of a roof, was littered by leaves, little stones, pebbles, twigs—and pretended to pick up his stone.
“And if I break my oath,” he said in a clear and carrying voice, “may I be hurled from the Tarpeian Rock even as I hurl this stone away from me!”
The stone flew through the air, clattered against the grubby, peeling wall, and fell back to the bosom of its mother, Earth. No one seemed to grasp the significance of his action; Cinna released his breath in a huge gasp. Obviously the secret known to the son of Sextus Perquitienus was not known to Roman senators. Now when he was accused of breaking his oath, Cinna could explain why it did not bind him. The whole Senate had seen him throw his stone away, he had provided himself with a hundred impeccable witnesses. It was a trick could never work again—oh, but how Metellus Piggle-wiggle might have benefited had he only known of it!
Though he went to see the new consuls inaugurated, Sulla did not stay for the feast, pleading as his excuse that he had to ready himself to leave for Capua on the morrow. However, he was present at the Senate’s first official meeting of the New Year in the temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus, so he heard Cinna’s short, ominous speech.
“I shall grace my office, not disgrace it,” Cinna said. “If I have any misgiving, it is to see the outgoing senior consul lead an army to the East that should have been led by Gaius Marius. Even putting the illegal prosecution and condemnation of Gaius Marius aside, it is still my opinion that the outgoing senior consul ought to remain in Rome to answer charges.”
Charges of what? No one quite knew, though the majority of the senators deduced that the charges would be treason, the basis of the charges Sulla’s leading his army on Rome. Sulla sighed, resigned to the inevitable. A man without scruples himself, he knew that had he taken that oath, he would have broken it did the need arise. Of Cinna, he hadn’t thought the man owned such metal. Now it seemed the man did. What a nuisance!
When he left the Capitol he headed in the direction of Aurelia’s insula in the Subura, pondering as he walked how best to deal with Cinna. By the time he arrived he had an answer, so it was with a broad smile on his face that he entered when Eutychus held the door.
The smile faded, however, when he saw Aurelia’s face; it was grim and the eyes held no affection.
“Not you too?” he asked, casting himself down on a couch.
“I too.” Aurelia sat in a chair facing him. “You ought not to be here, Lucius Cornelius.”
“Oh, I’m safe enough,” he said casually. “Gaius Julius was settling himself in a cozy corner to enjoy the feast when I left.”
“Nor would it worry you if he walked in at this moment,” she said. “Well, I had better be adequately chaperoned— for my sake, if not for yours.’’ She raised her voice. “Please come and join us, Lucius Decumius!”
The little man emerged from her workroom, face flinty.
“Oh, not you!” said Sulla, disgusted. “If it were not for the likes of you, Lucius Decumius, I would not have needed to lead an army on Rome! How could you fall for all that piffle about Gaius Marius’s being fit? He’s not fit to lead an army as far as Veii, let alone Asia Province.”
“Gaius Marius is cured,” said Lucius Decumius, defiant yet defensive. Sulla was not only the one friend of Aurelia’s whom he couldn’t like, he was also the one man of his own acquaintance whom he feared. There were many things he knew about Sulla that Aurelia did not; but the more he discovered, the less urge he experienced to say a word to anyone about them. It takes one to know one, he had thought to himself a thousand times, and I swear Lucius Cornelius Sulla is as big a villain as I am. Only he has bigger chances to do bigger villainies. And I know he does them too.
“It’s not Lucius Decumius to blame for this mess, it’s you!” said Aurelia snappishly.
“Rubbish!” said Sulla roundly. “I didn’t start this mess! I was minding my own business in Capua and planning to leave for Greece. It’s fools like Lucius Decumius to blame— meddling in things they know nothing about, deluding themselves their heroes are made from superior metal than the rest of us! Your friend here recruited a large number of Sulpicius’s bully-boys to stuff the Forum and make my daughter a widow—and he mustered more of the same when I entered the Forum Esquilinum wanting nothing more badly than I did peace! I didn’t stir up the trouble! I just had to pay for it!”
Angry now, Lucius Decumius stood stiffly, every hackle up. “I believe in the People!” he said, out of his depth and not used to being at someone else’s mercy.
“You see? There you go, mouthing idiocies as empty as your Fourth Class mind!” snarled Sulla. “ ‘I believe in the People’ indeed! You’d do better to believe in your betters!”
“Lucius Cornelius, please!” said Aurelia, heart thudding, legs trembling. “If you’re Lucius Decumius’s better, then act like it!”
“Yes!” cried Lucius Decumius, collecting himself because his beloved Aurelia was fighting for him—and wanting to look courageous in her eyes. But Sulla was no Marius. His nature made Lucius Decumius feel the screech of nails being dragged down something smooth and stony. Yet he tried. For Aurelia. “You don’t mind yourself, Big Important Consular Sulla, you just might get a knife in your back!”
The pale eyes glazed, Sulla’s lips peeled back from his teeth; he got up from the couch wrapped in an almost tangible aura of menace and advanced on Lucius Decumius.
Lucius Decumius backed away—not from cowardice, rather from a superstitious man’s contact with something as mysterious as it was terrible.
“I could stamp on you the way an elephant stamps on a dog,” said Sulla pleasantly. “The only reason I don’t is this lady here. She values you, and you serve her well. You may have taken many a knife to many a man, Lucius Decumius, but don’t ever delude yourself you will to me! Even in your dreams. Stay out of my arena, content yourself with commanding in your own. Now be off!”
“Go, Lucius Decumius,” said Aurelia. “Please!”
“Not when he’s in a mood like this!”
“I will be better on my own. Please go.”
Lucius Decumius went.
“There was no need to be so hard on him,” she said, nostrils pinched. “He doesn’t know how to deal with you, and he has his loyalties, for all he is what he is. His devotion to Gaius Marius is on behalf of my son.”
Sulla perched on the edge of the couch, not sure whether to go or to stay. “Don’t be angry with me, Aurelia. If you are, then I’ll become angry with you. I agree, he’s a poor target. But he helped Gaius Marius put me in a situation I didn’t want, didn’t ask for, didn’t deserve!”
She drew a huge breath, exhaled slowly. “Yes, I can understand your feelings,” she said. “As far as it goes, you have some right.” Her head began to nod rhythmically. “I know that. I know that. I know you tried in every way possible to contain things legally, peacefully. But don’t blame Gaius Marius. It was Publius Sulpicius.”
“That’s specious,” said Sulla, beginning to relax. “You’re a consul’s daughter and a praetor’s wife, Aurelia. You’re more aware than most that Sulpicius couldn’t have got his program started had he not been backed by someone a great deal more influential than he was. Gaius Marius.”
“Was?” she asked sharply, eyes dilating.
“Sulpicius is dead. He was caught two days ago.”
Her hands went to her mouth. “And Gaius Marius?”
“Oh, Gaius Marius, Gaius Marius, always Gaius Marius! Think, Aurelia, think! Why would I want Gaius Marius dead? Kill the People’s hero? I’m not so big a fool! Hopefully I’ve given him a scare which will keep him out of Italy until I’ve got myself out of Italy. And not only for my own sake, woman. For Rome’s sake too. He can’t be allowed to fight Mithridates!” He shifted sideways on the couch, hands held like an advocate attempting to convince an antipathetic jury. “Aurelia, surely you’ve noticed that since he came back into public life exactly a year ago he’s tied himself to men he wouldn’t have said ave to in the old days? We all use minions we’d rather not use, we’re all obliged to suck up to men we’d rather spit on. But since that second stroke, Gaius Marius has resorted to tools and ploys he wouldn’t have touched on pain of death in the old days! I know what I am. I know what I’m capable of doing. And it’s no lie for me to say that I’m a more dishonest, unscrupulous man by far than Gaius Marius. Not only thanks to the life I’ve led. Thanks to the kind of man I am too. But he was never like that! He, to employ the likes of Lucius Decumius to get rid of a cadet who accused his precious son of murder? He, to employ the likes of Lucius Decumius to procure bully-boys and rabble? Think, Aurelia, think! The second stroke affected his mind.”
“You should never have marched on Rome,” she said.
“What other choice did I have, tell me that? If I could have found any other way, I would have! Unless you would rather have seen me continue to sit at Capua until Rome had a second civil war on her hands—Sulla versus Marius?”
Her color fled. “It could never have come to that!”
“Oh, there was a third alternative! That I lie down tamely under the feet of a maniac tribune of the plebs and a demented old man! Allow Gaius Marius to do to me what he did to Metellus Numidicus, use the Plebs to take away my lawful command? When he did that to Metellus Numidicus, Metellus Numidicus was no longer consul! I was consul, Aurelia! No one takes the command off a consul still in office. No one!”
“Yes, I see your point,” she said, color returning. Her eyes filled with tears. “They will never forgive you, Lucius Cornelius. You led an army on Rome.”
He groaned. “Oh, for the sake of all the gods, don’t cry! I have never seen you cry! Not even at my boy’s funeral! If you couldn’t cry for him, then you can’t cry for Rome!”
Her head was bent; the tears didn’t run down her cheeks, they splashed into her lap, and the light caught glitters off her wet black lashes. “When I am most moved, I cannot cry,” she said, and wiped her nose with the side of her hand.
“I don’t believe that,” he said, throat hard and aching.
She looked up. The tears ran down her cheeks. “I’m not crying for Rome,” she said huskily, and wiped her nose again. “I am crying for you.”
He got off the couch, gave her his handkerchief, and stood behind her chair with one hand pressed into her shoulder. Best she should not see his face.
“I will love you forever for that,” he said, put his other hand in front of her face and took some of the tears from her lashes, then licked them from his palm. “It’s Fortune,” he said. “I was given the hardest consulship a man has ever had. Just as I was given the hardest life a man has ever had. I’m not the kind to surrender, and I’m not the kind to care how I win. There are plenty of eggs in the cups and plenty of dolphins down. But the race won’t be over until I’m dead.” He squeezed her shoulder. “I have taken your tears into me. Once I dropped an emerald quizzing-glass down a drain because it had no value to me. But I will never lose your tears.”
His hand left her, he left the house. Walking very proudly, enriched and uplifted. All the tears those other women had shed over him were selfish tears, shed for the sake of their own broken hearts. Not for his. Yet she who never wept had wept for him.
*
Perhaps another man would have softened, reconsidered. Not Sulla. By the time he reached his house, a long walk, that private exaltation was tucked away below conscious thought; he dined very pleasantly with Dalmatica, took her to bed and made love to her, then slept his normal dreamless ten hours—or if he dreamed, he did not remember. An hour before dawn he woke and rose without disturbing his wife, took some crisp, freshly baked bread and cheese in his study and stared abstractedly as he ate at a box about the size of one of his ancestral temples. It sat on the far corner of his desk, and it held the head of Publius Sulpicius Rufus.
The rest of the condemned had escaped; only Sulla and a few of his colleagues knew that no exhaustive attempts to apprehend them had been mounted. Sulpicius, however, had to go. Therefore to catch him was imperative.
The boat across the Tiber had been a ruse. Further downstream Sulpicius crossed back again, but bypassed Ostia in favor of the little harbor town of Laurentum, some few miles down the coast. Here the fugitive had tried to engage a ship—and here, with the aid of one of his own servants, he was run to earth. Sulla’s hirelings had killed him on the spot, but knew Sulla better than to ask for money without furnishing proof. So they cut off Sulpicius’s head, put it in a waterproofed box, and brought it to Sulla’s house in Rome. They were then paid. And Sulla had the head, still fairly fresh; it had only left its owner’s shoulders two days earlier.
On his way out of Rome on that second day of January, Sulla summoned Cinna to the Forum. And there, stapled to the wall of the rostra, was a tall spear carrying Sulpicius’s head. Sulla took Cinna ungently by the arm.
“Look well,” he said. “Remember what you see. Remember the expression on its face. They say that when a man’s head is taken, his eyes still have sight. If you did not believe that in the past, you will in the future. That’s a man who watched his own head hit the dust. Remember well, Lucius Cinna. I do not intend to die in the East. And that means I will return to Rome. If you tamper with my remedies for Rome’s current diseases, you too will watch your own head hit the dust.”
His answer was a look of scorn and contempt, but Cinna may as well have saved himself the effort. For the moment he finished speaking Sulla hauled his mule’s head around and trotted off up the Forum Romanum without a backward glance, his wide-brimmed hat upon his head. Not anyone’s picture of the successful general. But Cinna’s private picture of Nemesis.
He turned then to look up at the head, its eyes wide, its jaw sagging. Dawn had barely broken; if it was removed now, no one would see it.
“No,” said Cinna aloud. “It should stay there. Let all of Rome see how far the man who invaded Rome is prepared to go.”