Acknowledgements

There are several people who deserve my thanks for helping me with this project.

My late friend Sonia St James (self-styled ‘muse to creative minds’) offered much appreciated encouragement throughout the project to her last days. To her I dedicate this book.

To my commissioning editor, Philip Sidnell at Pen & Sword Books, who responded enthusiastically to my proposal for this my fourth in a series of volumes on Augustus’ generals, I shall again always be grateful. To the other hard-working members of the production team, Matt Jones and Dominic Allen at Pen & Sword, and Noel Sadler at Concept, I offer my sincere thanks for turning my virtual files into lovely printed pages.

I feel deeply honoured that Dr Karl Gaklinsky agreed to provide the foreword to Augustus at War. Floyd A. Cailloux Centennial Professor, University Distinguished Teaching Professor at the Department of Classics of The University of Texas at Austin, Karl is the world’s leading authority on Augustus and his books have been on my bookshelf for years. Notable among them is his seminal work Augustan Culture (Princeton, 1996), my copy of which he kindly signed for me with the flattering inscription: ‘For Lindsay, a cultured Augustan – K’. Since that initial meeting we have become good friends and discussed this project many times at Russell’s Bakery in Austin, Texas, exchanging ideas and opinions about ancient and modern times over Schnecken and coffee. I know of no one more qualified to compose the opening remarks. For his kindness and encouragement I offer my sincerest thanks.

This book tells the story of Imperator Caesar Divi filius Augustus and his generals in both words and pictures. For helping me to illustrate the story, I offer my thanks to Shanna Schmidt of Harlan J. Berk, Chicago, and Richard Beale of Roma Numismatics Limited, London, for kindly providing images of coins. From the re-enactment world, I must thank Chris Haines MBE, Mike Knowles and members of The Ermine Street Guard, a registered charity – and of which I am proud to say I am a veteran member. For images of Roman portrait busts, I express my gratitude to Marie-Lan Nguyen, and to Jasper Oorthuys, editor-inchief of the excellent Ancient Warfare magazine published by Karwansaray B.V. to which I am proud to say I am a regular contributor. I also thank Carole Raddato for allowing me the use of her photo.

War stories cannot be told without the aid of maps. I offer my sincere thanks to M.C. Bishop, who not only let me reproduce his exquisite scale maps of the forts from his book Handbook of Roman Legionary Fortresses (Pen & Sword, 2012), but also specially drew one for this volume. My thanks also to Carlos De La Rocha of Satrapa Ediciones, whose work frequently appears in Ancient Warfare magazine, for letting me reproduce the map of Nero Claudius Drusus’ military campaigns in Germania; and to Erin Greb, who did a marvellous job of producing the other maps in like style.

I have quoted extracts from several ancient authors’ works whose voices lend authenticity to the narrative. For the translations I used: Augustus’ Res Gestae translated by Frederick W. Shipley, in Velleius Paterculus and Res Gestae Divi Augusti, Loeb Classical Library, Harvard, 1924; Cassius Dio’s Image (Romaikon Istoria) translated by Herbert Balwin Foster in Dio’s Roman History, Volume 4, New York: Pafraets Book Company 1905 and E. Cary based on the version by H.B. Foster in Dio’s Roman History, London: William Heinemann, 1917; Florus’ Epitome de T. Livio Bellorum Omnium Annorum DCC translated by E.S. Forster in Florus: Epitome of Roman History, Harvard: Loeb Classical Library, 1929; Horace’s Carmen, Ludi Saeculares and Sermones translated by John Conington in The Odes and Carmen Saeculare of Horace, London: George Bell and Sons, 1882; Josephus’ Antiquitates Iudaice translated by William Whiston in The Genuine Works of Flavius Josephus, New York: William Borradaile, 1824; Pliny the Elder’s Historia Naturalis translated by John Bostock and H.T. Riley in The Natural History of Pliny, Volume 3, London: Henry Bohn, 1855 and Pliny’s Natural History by Jonathan Couch for The Wernerian Club, London: Goerge Barclay, 1848; Plutarch’s Image (Oi Vioi Paralliloi) translated by John Langhrone and William Langhorne in Plutarch’s Lives, London: William Tegg, 1868; Strabo’s Image (Geographika) translated by Horace Leonard Jones in The Geography of Strabo, London: William Heinmann, 1930; Suetonius’ De Vita Caesarum translated by Alexander Thomson in The Lives of the Twelve Caesars, London: George Bell and Sons, 1893; Tacitus’ Ab Excessu Divi Augusti (Annales) translated by Alfred John Church and William Jackson Bodribb in The Annals of Tacitus, London: MacMillan and Co., 1906; Tacitus’ De Origine et Situ Germanorum translated by R.B. Townsend in The Agricola and Germania of Tacitus, London: Methuen and Co., 1894; Vergil’s Aeneid translated by Theodore C. Williams in Vergil. Aeneid, Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1910; Velleius Paterculus’ Historiae Romanae translated by John Selby in Sallust, Florus and Velleius Paterculus, London: George Bell, 1889; and Quintilianus’ Institutio Oratoria translated by Harold Edgeworth Butler in Quintilian. With An English Translation, London: William Heinemann, Ltd. 1922. These were made accessible to me by the good people who digitized these texts and archived them online at LacusCurtius, The Latin Library and The Perseus Digital Library. Together these invaluable resources have transformed how a researcher can study the Greek and Roman texts.

Finally, I thank Austin Public Library service in Austin, Texas, for providing access to the phenomenal JSTOR.org (‘journal storage’) website, the digital library of academic journals, books and primary sources, which greatly facilitated my research for this book.