1. Denarius of M. Antonius with warship, aquila and signa of Legio V minted 32–31 BCE. Crawford 544/18; Sydenham 1221; RSC 0032. (Courtesy of Roma Numismatics)
2. Bust of Augustus in H.F. Helmolt’s History of the World, New York, 1901.
3. Denarius of Augustus with portrait and arms taken from Armenia.
BMC 672; BN 995; Cohen 11; RIC 516 (Courtesy of Roma Numismatics)
4. Denarius of Augustus with Fortuna Victrix, Fortuna Felix and Altar of Fortuna Redux. BMC 4; RIC 322 (Courtesy of Roma Numismatics)
5. Denarius of Augustus with portrait and Temple of Mars Ultor and aquila and signa. BMC 373; RCV 1623; RIC 105a; RSC 190 (Courtesy of Roma Numismatics)
6. Ballista bolt embossed with name of Legio XIX from Döttenbichl (Drawn by the author)
7. As of Augustus (or Tiberius or Caligula) with Agrippa and Neptunus, BMCRE I 122; RIC I 817 (Courtesy of ROMA Numismatics)
8. ‘Augustus Cup’ from Boscoreale taken prior to it being damaged in wartime. Bj2366 in the Louvre (A. Héron de Villefosse, Monuments et Mémoires, Fondation Eugène Piot, 1899)
9. Reconstruction drawing of the Ara Pacis Augustae in Josef Durm’s Der Opferzug der Ara Pacis, Hamburg, 1907
10. View of Temple of Mars Ultor in the Forum Augustum, Rome (© Louisana/Wikimedia Commons/CC-BY 3.0)
11. Bust of Tiberius in G. Ferro’s The Women of the Caesars, New York, 1911
12. Denarius of Augustus with portrait and Tiberius in triumphator’s chariot. BMC 512; RIC 222 (Courtesy of Roma Numismatics)
13. Altar of T. Domitius Romulus in Le Musée Lapidaire, Narbonne, CIL XII, 4335 (Photo: the author) . 214
1. The Roman Empire, 31 BCE
2. The Actian War, 31 BCE
3. The Roman Empire, 27 BCE
4. Military operations in Asturia/Cantabria, 25–23 BCE
5. Egypt
6. The Eastern Roman Empire
7. Tres Galliae, 19 BCE
8. Military Operations in the Alps, 15 BCE
9. Plan of Nijmegen-Hunerberg Roman Fort, The Netherlands (© M.C. Bishop)
10. Military operations in Germania Magna, 12 BCE (© Carlos de la Rocha)
11. Military operations in Germania Magna, 11 BCE (© Carlos de la Rocha)
12. Plan of Oberaden Roman Fort, Germany (© M.C. Bishop)
13. Plan of Rödgen Roman Fort, Germany (© M.C. Bishop)
14. Military operations in Germania Magna, 10 BCE (© Carlos de la Rocha)
15. Military operations in Germania Magna, 9 BCE (© Carlos de la Rocha)
16. Plan of Haltern Roman Fort, Germany (© M.C. Bishop)
17. Ground plan of the Forum Augustum (Cassius Ahenobarbus/CC BT-SA 3.0)
18. Plan of Anreppen Roman Fort, Germany (© M.C. Bishop)
19. Plan of Marktbreit Roman Fort, Germany (© M.C. Bishop)
20. Military operations in Illyricum, 6 CE
21. Military operations in Illyricum, 7 CE
22. Military operations in Illyricum, 8 CE
23. The Roman Empire, 9 CE
24. Military operations in Illyricum, 9 CE
25. The Roman Empire, 14 CE
1. Cantabria and Asturia, 26–25 BCE
2. Germania, 12–9 BCE
3. Illyricum, 6–9 CE
4. Germania, 9 CE
5. Germania Inferior and Germania Superior, 14 CE