CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

INTRODUCTION

Part I. VICTOR and VANQUISHED

1. SHATTERED LIVES

Euphemistic Surrender

Unconditional Surrender

Quantifying Defeat

Coming Home . . . Perhaps

Displaced Persons

Despised Veterans

Stigmatized Victims

2. GIFTS FROM HEAVEN

“Revolution from Above”

Demilitarization and Democratization

Imposing Reform

Part II. TRANSCENDING DESPAIR

3. KYODATSU: EXHAUSTION AND DESPAIR

Hunger and the Bamboo-Shoot Existence

Enduring the Unendurable

Sociologies of Despair

Child’s Play

Inflation and Economic Sabotage

4. CULTURES OF DEFEAT

Servicing the Conquerors

“Butterflies,” “Onlys,” and Subversive Women

Black-Market Entrepreneurship

“Kasutori Culture”

Decadence and Authenticity

“Married Life”

5. BRIDGES OF LANGUAGE

Mocking Defeat

Brightness, Apples, and English

The Familiarity of the New

Rushing into Print

Bestsellers and Posthumous Heroes

Heroines and Victims

Part III. REVOLUTIONS

6. NEOCOLONIAL REVOLUTION

Victors as Viceroys

Reevaluating the Monkey-Men

The Experts and the Obedient Herd

7. EMBRACING REVOLUTION

Embracing the Commander

Intellectuals and the Community of Remorse

Grass-Roots Engagements

Institutionalizing Reform

Democratizing Everyday Language

8. MAKING REVOLUTION

Lovable Communists and Radicalized Workers

“A Sea of Red Flags”

Unmaking the Revolution from Below

Part IV. DEMOCRACIES

9. IMPERIAL DEMOCRACY: DRIVING THE WEDGE

Psychological Warfare and the Son of Heaven

Purifying the Sovereign

The Letter, the Photograph, and the Memorandum

10. IMPERIAL DEMOCRACY: DESCENDING PARTWAY FROM HEAVEN

Becoming Bystanders

Becoming Human

Cutting Smoke with Scissors

11. IMPERIAL DEMOCRACY: EVADING RESPONSIBILITY

Confronting Abdication

Imperial Tours and the Manifest Human

One Man’s Shattered God

12. CONSTITUTIONAL DEMOCRACY: GHQ WRITES A NEW NATIONAL CHARTER

Regendering a Hermaphroditic Creature

Conundrums for the Men of Meiji

Popular Initiatives for a New National Charter

SCAP Takes Over

GHQ’s “Constitutional Convention”

Thinking about Idealism and Cultural Imperialism

13. CONSTITUTIONAL DEMOCRACY: JAPANIZING THE AMERICAN DRAFT

“The Last Opportunity for the Conservative Group”

The Translation Marathon

Unveiling the Draft Constitution

Water Flows, the River Stays

“Japanizing” Democracy

Renouncing War . . . Perhaps

Responding to a Fait Accompli

14. CENSORED DEMOCRACY: POLICING THE NEW TABOOS

The Phantom Bureaucracy

Impermissible Discourse

Purifying the Victors

Policing the Cinema

Curbing the Political Left

Part V. GUILTS

15. VICTOR’S JUSTICE, LOSER’S JUSTICE

Stern Justice

Showcase Justice: The Tokyo Tribunal

Tokyo and Nuremberg

Victor’s Justice and Its Critics

Race, Power, and Powerlessness

Loser’s Justice: Naming Names

16. WHAT DO YOU TELL THE DEAD WHEN YOU LOSE?

A Requiem for Departed Heroes

Irrationality, Science, and “Responsibility for Defeat”

Buddhism as Repentance and Repentance as Nationalism

Responding to Atrocity

Remembering the Criminals, Forgetting Their Crimes

Part VI. RECONSTRUCTIONS

17. ENGINEERING GROWTH

“Oh, Mistake!”

Visible (and Invisible) Hands

Planning a Cutting-Edge Economy

Unplanned Developments and Gifts from the Gods

Epilogue: LEGACIES/FANTASIES/DREAMS

NOTES

PHOTO CREDITS

INDEX