1. Resident Aliens
1. Tom Phillips, “China on Course to Become ‘World’s Most Christian Nation’ Within 15 Years,” Telegraph, April 19, 2014.
2. Benedict XVI, Christmas Greetings to the Roman Curia, December 21, 2012.
3. On the origin of personhood, see Mark Shiffman, “The Loss of a Culture of Personhood and the End of Limited Government,” Front Porch Republic, October 6, 2014. On the roots of the idea of the individual, see Larry Siedentop, Inventing the Individual: The Origins of Western Liberalism (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2014).
4. Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracy in America, translated and edited by Harvey C. Mansfield and Delba Winthrop (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000), 486. The Mansfield/Winthrop edition of Tocqueville is used throughout this text.
5. See Pierre Manent, “Democracy and Religion,” in Tocqueville and the Nature of Democracy (Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 1996), 83–107.
6. Tocqueville, Democracy in America, 418.
7. Thomas W. Smith, “Catholic Social Thought and Modern Liberal Democracy,” Logos 11, no. 1 (2008): 15–48. See also Rowan Williams’s 2002 Dimbleby Lecture, Guardian, December 19, 2002.
8. Francis, Evangelii Gaudium, no. 10.
9. Ibid., no. 85.
10. Cindy Wooden, “Pope Says Christians Should Have Restless Hearts Like St. Augustine’s,” Catholic News Service, August 28, 2013.
11. Romano Guardini, a major influence on Francis’s thought, had a vivid understanding of Satan as a personal and malignant spiritual being. See Guardini’s The Faith and Modern Man (New York: Pantheon Books, 1952), 139–54. See also Guardini’s The Lord (Washington: Regnery Gateway, 1982), 132–39, and especially 604.
12. Augustine, City of God, book II, chapter 20.
13. Ibid., book XIV, chapter 28.
14. Ibid., book XIX, chapter 26.
15. For a discussion of Augustine’s approach to politics, see Robert Dodaro, O.S.A., Christ and the Just Society in the Thought of Augustine (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2004). See also Jean Bethke Elshtain, Augustine and the Limits of Politics (Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 1995).
16. John Milton, Paradise Lost, book I.
17. Lindsay Putnam, “Charlie Hebdo Cartoonist Doesn’t Want You to Pray for Paris,” New York Post, November 14, 2015.
18. Augustine, De Trinitate.
19. Nicholson in the 1983 film Terms of Endearment.
20. Stanley Hauerwas and William Willimon, Resident Aliens: Life in the Christian Colony; A Provocative Christian Assessment of Culture and Ministry for People Who Know That Something Is Wrong (Nashville: Abingdon Press, 1989), 2014.