Index

The index that appeared in the print version of this title does not match the pages in your e-book. Please use the search function on your e-reading device to search for terms of interest. For your reference, the terms that appear in the print index are listed below.

abolitionism and abolitionists, 11–13, 17–20, 25–6, 58, 60, 202

abortion. See reproductive rights cases

activism. See judicial activism

Adamson v. California, 95

Adkins v. Children’s Hospital, 62–3, 73–4, 93

Affordable Care Act. See Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA)

Agricultural Adjustment Act (1933), 71, 73

Agricultural Adjustment Act (1938), 211

Agricultural Marketing Agreement Act (1937), 133

Ah Kow v. Nunan, 37

Alito, Samuel, 3, 202, 224–5, 239

Allen v. Tooley, 15

Allgeyer v. Louisiana, 39, 47

American Civil Liberties Union, 116

American Civil Rights Union, 197–8

American Home Missionary Society, 22

American Revolution, 116, 187

amicus briefs, 106, 197, 209

Anthony, Susan B., 63

Anti-Federalists, 187

Anti-Imperialist League, 58

Anti-Injunction Act (1867), 220–1, 224–5

Articles of Confederation, 210

Ashcroft, John, 178, 184

Auld, Thomas, 11–12

Baker v. Carr, 88–9

Bakeshop Act (1895), 45–8

Barnett, Randy, 130–1, 205–8, 214–19, 225, 235, 237, 239

Restoring the Lost Constitution, 215

Barron v. Baltimore, 25

Bartels v. Iowa, 57

Benedict, Jeff, 168

Berman v. Parker, 150–1, 156–7, 160–1, 163, 166

Bernstein, David, 46

Bickel, Alexander, 96–7

Least Dangerous Branch, The, 97

Biden, Joseph, 78–80, 123

Bill of Rights, 85, 88, 91, 234

Fourteenth Amendment and, 28, 30

proposal and original application of, 25, 187, 189–90

substantive due process and, 189–90, 193

See also individual amendments

Bingham, John, 12–13, 26–9

birth control. See reproductive rights cases

Black, Hugo, 82, 94–6

Black Codes, 20–3, 25–7, 31, 202–3

“Black Monday” (May 27, 1935), 67, 72

Blackmun, Harry, 99–100

Blackstone, William: Commentaries on the Laws of England, 28

Blackwell, Ken, 198

Blakely, Clayton B., 59–60

Blodgett v. Holden, 4

Boggs, Danny, 147

Bolick, Clint, 141–4, 154, 158

Changing Course: Civil Rights at the Crossroads, 144, 195

Unfinished Business, 141, 144, 149, 195, 204

Bork, Robert, 8, 104, 223

education and early career, 96–7

and Federalist Society, 106, 108–9

on Griswold v. Connecticut, 96–9, 111–13

and judicial restraint/activism, 5, 77–9, 96–7, 112–13

and majoritarianism, 5, 109–10, 112, 118–19, 121–2, 131

on Roe v. Wade, 100–1, 113

on Slaughter-House Cases, 195–6

Supreme Court nomination and hearings, 77–9, 109

Tempting of America, The, 5, 109, 195

Bowers v. Hardwick, 114–17, 128

Bradwell, Myra, 35

Bradwell v. Illinois, 35

“Brain Trust” (of FDR), 69

Brandeis, Louis, 53, 63–4, 67–70, 72, 74

Curse of Bigness, The, 69

Brennan, William, 89, 92

Breyer, Stephen, 127, 159–60, 164–5, 185, 187, 227

Brooks, Preston, 58

Brown, Janice Rogers, 133–5

Brown, John, 19

Brown v. Board of Education, 8, 83–6, 142

Brownback, Sam, 222

Buchanan, Charles H., 59

Buchanan v. Warley, 57–61, 84

Buck, Carrie, 44

Buck v. Bell, 44, 53, 73

Bullock, Scott, 154–66

Bush, George H. W., 104

Bush, George W., 4, 103–4, 169, 183–4, 206, 208, 220

Butchers Benevolent Association, 13

Butler, Pierce, 73

Calabresi, Steven, 104, 107

Calhoun, John C., 17

Cardozo, Benjamin, 2, 62, 68, 74

Carolene Products Company, 80–1, 83, 92–3, 111, 130, 135, 150, 166

Carr, Joseph Cardell, 88–9

Carvin, Michael, 230

Case of the Tailors of Ipswich, 15

Casino Reinvestment Development Authority v. Coking, 151–2, 154

Cato Institute, 119, 121, 158, 170, 175–6, 189, 196

Center for Constitutional Studies, 116, 123–4, 154, 174, 209, 212

founding of, 116

and Lawrence v. Texas, 124–5, 128

New Right v. The Constitution, The (Macedo), 121

and United States v. Lopez, 213

Center for Applied Jurisprudence (Pacific Research Institute), 139–41

Center for Civil Rights (Landmark Legal Foundation), 154

Center for Constitutional Studies (Cato Institute), 116, 123–4, 154, 174, 209, 212

Chase, Salmon P., 31

Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission, 223, 235

Civil Rights Act of 1866, 24–6, 29, 31, 143

civil rights cases

Brown v. Board of Education, 8, 83–6, 142

Dred Scott v. Sandford, 19–20, 24, 60, 70

Plessy v. Ferguson, 142

See also sexual orientation cases

civil rights movement, 83–6, 141–4

Civil War, American, 20, 27, 38–9, 41–4

Clement, Paul, 183–4, 199, 206–8, 230

Cleveland, Grover, 58

Clinton, Bill, 3, 181

Coburn, Tom, 1

Coke, Sir Edward, 15–16

Coking, Vera, 151–2

Colfax massacre, 191–2

Commerce Clause, 67–8, 70, 75–6, 205–18, 224–39

common law, 15, 56, 94

Compassionate Use Act (California, 1996), 205, 216. See also Gonzales v. Raich

Concerned Women for America, 116

conservative legal movement

and D.C. v. Heller, 169

and Federalist Society, 103–9, 114, 122

and judicial activism, 106–8, 117, 121

and judicial restraint, 8, 52, 108, 112, 119–20

and libertarianism, 110–25, 168, 195–9

and Mountain States Legal Foundation, 137–42

Constitution. See individual amendments; Bill of Rights; U.S. Constitution

contraception. See reproductive rights cases

Controlled Substances Act, 205–6. See also Gonzales v. Raich

Coolidge, Calvin, 73

Cooper, Charles, 176

Coors, Joseph, 138–9

Corcoran, Thomas, 69

Corfield v. Coryell, 28–9, 31, 57

Coyle, Marcia, 193

Craigmiles, Nathaniel, 147

Craigmiles v. Giles, 147

Crane, Ed, 119

Crawford, Jan, 233–4

Croly, Herbert, 52, 84

Progressive Democracy, 52

Curtis, Michael Kent: No State Shall Abridge, 27–8

Darrow, Clarence, 137

Davis, Jefferson, 41

Day, William, 60

Days, Drew, 214

Debs, Eugene, 44, 55

Declaration of Independence, 17, 27

deference. See judicial deference

DeLay, Tom, 166

Dellinger, Walter, 181–3

Democratic Party, 78–9. See also National Democratic Party (Gold Democrats)

Department of Health and Human Services v. Florida, 223. See also National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius and related cases

Department of Justice (DOJ), 178–9, 184

Dery, Wilhelmina, 157

Dewey, John, 61

District of Columbia v. Heller, 169–70, 173–4, 181–93, 196–7, 199–202, 234

Dole, Bob, 78–9

Dorn, James, 119

Douglas, William O., 80, 82, 91, 93–5, 113, 151, 161, 163

Douglass, Frederick, 11–13, 18–20, 202

My Bondage and My Freedom, 12

Dred Scott v. Sandford, 19–20, 24, 60, 70

Du Bois, W. E. B., 60

Due Process Clause

Fifth Amendment, 62–3

Fourteenth Amendment, 7, 12, 26–7, 33, 36, 52–3, 56, 59, 62–3, 85–6, 90–5, 98–100

See also substantive due process

Dunlap, Alexander, 23

economic rights cases

Adkins v. Children’s Hospital, 62–3, 73–4, 93

Allgeyer v. Louisiana, 39, 47

Kelo v. City of New London, 152–68, 222

Lochner v. New York, 45, 47–51, 57, 59, 62, 71, 79, 84–5, 93–5, 98–100, 112, 119, 129, 227

Munn v. Illinois, 35–7, 64–5

Nebbia v. New York, 64–5, 73

Powell v. Pennsylvania, 32–7

Slaughter-House Cases, 13–15, 29–33, 37, 39, 47, 57, 142, 144, 194–8, 200–1, 204

U.S. v. Carolene Products Co. (Footnote Four), 83, 86, 90, 92–3, 111, 150–1, 166

West Coast Hotel Co. v. Parrish, 93

Wickard v. Filburn, 206, 211–12, 214

Williamson v. Lee Optical Inc., 82, 135

Eisenstadt v. Baird, 115

Elshami, Nadeam, 209

eminent domain, 122, 150–60, 165, 222

Epstein, Richard, 119–22, 131, 196

“Proper Scope of the Commerce Power, The,” 213

Takings: Private Property and the Power of Eminent Domain, 121–3

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), 142–3, 204

Equal Protection Clause, 27, 51–2, 81, 84–5, 89

Eskridge, William, 124–5

Gaylaw, 125

Espionage Act of 1917, 44, 55

eugenics, 44, 53, 73

Family Research Council, 116, 197–8

Federal Trade Commission (TFC), 67–8

federalism cases

Barron v. Baltimore, 25

Dred Scott v. Sandford, 19–20, 24, 60, 70

Plessy v. Ferguson, 142

United States v. Lopez, 212–14, 217, 239

United States v. Morrison, 214, 217, 239

Federalist Papers, 210

Federalist Society for Law and Public Policy Studies, 103–9, 114, 122, 215–16

Ferguson v. Skrupa, 82

Field, Stephen J., 6–8, 14, 29, 31–9, 45, 47, 57, 65, 112, 131, 194–5

Fifth Amendment, 62–3, 91, 95, 121, 155, 159–61

Takings Clause, 122, 150, 156, 160, 162–3, 165

Filburn, Roscoe, 211. See also Wickard v. Filburn

First Amendment, 25, 44, 64, 95, 97, 140, 184–5, 190, 192, 215

Fisher, Antony, 139–40

Fitzhugh, George, 17–18

Sociology for the South, or The Failure of Free Society, 18

Flynn, John T., 69

Foner, Eric, 191

Foote, Shelby, 42

Forbath, William E., 17

Fort Trumbull neighborhood (New London, Connecticut), 152–3, 155–7, 167–8. See also Kelo v. City of New London

Fourteenth Amendment

background to, 11–23

Due Process Clause, 7, 12, 26–7, 33, 36, 52–3, 56, 59, 62–3, 85–6, 90–5, 98–100

Equal Protection Clause, 27, 51–2, 81, 84–5, 89

historical context, 23–30

incorporation and, 189–92, 194, 202

Privileges or Immunities Clause, 27–33, 194–203

ratification, 12, 29–30

and The Slaughter-House Cases, 13–15, 29–33, 37, 39, 47, 57, 142, 144, 194–8, 200–1, 204

and substantive due process, 33, 98–100, 113, 115, 120, 190, 193–4, 196–7, 199–203, 227

text of, 12

See also economic rights cases

Fourth Amendment, 91

Frankfurter, Felix, 2, 43, 52–3, 57, 61–2, 79, 81, 86–90, 95–6, 131, 189

Frazier-Lemke Act (1934), 67

free labor, 7, 13–19, 21, 23, 27, 30, 32–3, 35, 47, 58, 142, 194

Fried, Charles, 122

Friedman, Milton, 96, 117, 137, 141

Fugitive Slave Act of 1850, 19

Funeral Directors and Embalmers Act, 146–7

Garner, Tyron, 116, 125. See also Lawrence v. Texas

Garrison, William Lloyd, 60

Gaudiani, Claire, 153

gay rights. See sexual orientation cases

Gaziano, Todd, 218

Genovese, Eugene, 18

Ginsburg, Douglas, 174

Ginsburg, Ruth Bader, 159, 165, 229

Gitlow v. United States, 190

Goesaert v. Cleary, 81–2

Goldberg, Arthur, 92

Gonzales v. Raich, 205–7, 211–12, 214, 216–17, 225

Goodell, William, 17

Granger Laws, 35–7, 64–5

Grassley, Charles, 167

Great Depression, 65, 67, 96

Griswold v. Connecticut, 91–100, 112–15

gun control. See Second Amendment cases

Gun-Free School Zones Act, 212, 239

Gura, Alan, 177, 179, 181, 185–7, 189–204

habeas corpus, 19

Hand, Learned, 61–2, 84–6, 95, 223

Bill of Rights, The, 85

Hardwick, Michael 114–16. See also Bowers v. Hardwick

Harlan, John Marshall, 34, 92

Hatch, Orrin, 218

Hawaii Housing Authority v. Midkiff, 156–7, 161, 163–4

Hayek, Friedrich, 154

health care reform. See National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius and related cases; Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA)

Healy, Gene, 175

Heller, Dick, 175, 177, 179. See also District of Columbia v. Heller

Heritage Foundation, 218

Hettinga, Hein and Ellen, 133–5

Hettinga v. United States, 133–5

Hill, Anita, 123

Hill, Richard R., 22

Holden v. Hardy, 47–9

Holmes, Oliver Wendell, Jr., 42, 52–3

and Buchanan v. Warley, 58, 60–1

and Buck v. Bell, 44, 53, 73

effect of Civil War on, 42–4

and judicial deference, 1–8, 43–5, 49, 54, 57, 61–2, 78–80, 82, 98, 112, 119, 131, 135–6, 222, 236, 238

Kagan on, 1–3

and Lochner v. New York, 47–51

and Meyer v. Nebraska, 57, 127

Mr. Justice Holmes (tribute to), 61–2

and the New Deal, 61–2, 73

Homosexual Conduct Law (Texas), 115–17, 121, 124–31

homosexuality. See sexual orientation cases

Horton, Wesley W., 162–4

Howard, Jacob, 29

Hughes, Charles Evans, 68, 72, 74–5, 93

Humphrey’s Executor v. United States, 67–8

Ickes, Harold, 71

In re Tie Loy, 33

incorporation, 189–92, 194, 202

Institute for Justice (IJ), 141–2, 144–9, 170–1, 173–4, 177, 189, 195, 204, 238

founding and mission of, 136–7, 139, 141

and Kelo v. City of New London, 152–68, 222

Institute of Economic Affairs (London), 139

Jackson, Robert, 88, 211

Jacobs, Jane: The Death and Life of Great American Cities, 158

Jefferson, Thomas, 16–17

Jehovah’s Witnesses, 87–8

Jim Crow laws, 57, 61, 83, 90, 144

Johnson, Andrew, 24

Joint Committee on Reconstruction, 26

judicial activism, 196, 203

and 2012 health care cases, 227, 232–3

Bork and, 79, 112

and civil rights cases, 85, 106

conservative, 228, 169, 237

conservative legal movement’s origins and, 106–8, 117, 121

defined, 7–8

libertarianism and, 117, 121, 129

Progressives and, 51–2, 80, 90

and reproductive rights cases, 90–1, 97–8

and sexual orientation cases, 115, 118, 120, 129–31

judicial restraint, 36, 180, 196, 208

and 2012 health care cases, 220, 232–3

Bork and, 5, 77–8, 96–7, 112–13

conservatism and, 8, 52, 108, 112, 119–20

defined, 1–2

and economic rights cases, 81–3, 111, 134–5, 144, 150, 155–6, 163–8

Frankfurter and, 88–9

Hand and, 85–6

Holmes and, 1–8, 43–5, 49, 54, 57, 61–2, 78–80, 82, 98, 112, 119, 131, 135–6, 222, 236, 238

libertarianism and, 119, 136, 168

and Progressive Era, 65, 72–6

and rational-basis test, 81, 135–6, 142, 147–8, 150, 156, 238

and reproductive rights cases, 5, 90–1, 97–8

Roberts and, 4–6, 222–3, 228, 236

and sexual orientation cases, 115, 118, 120, 129–31

and Slaughter-House Cases, 13–15, 30–1

Stevens and, 188–9

Kagan, Elena, 1–3

Kelo, Susette, 153–5, 158, 168

Kelo v. City of New London, 152–68, 222

Kennedy, Anthony, 4, 206

and 2012 health care cases, 4, 209, 221–2, 225–6

and D.C. v. Heller, 182–3, 186, 202

and Kelo v. City of New London, 161–2, 165

and Lawrence v. Texas, 128, 130

Kennedy, David M., 55

Kennedy, Edward “Ted,” 78, 80

Kerr, Orin, 208

Kingston, Jack, 5

Klukowski, Ken, 198

Kreckovic, Peter, 154–5

Lamberth, Royce, 174

Landmark Legal Foundation, 106, 154

Lane, Charles, 103

Laski, Harold, 2

Lawrence, John Geddes, 116

Lawrence v. Texas, 115–17, 121, 124–31

Leahy, Patrick, 233

Lee, General Robert E., 20, 41

Lehnhausen v. Lake Shore Auto Parts Co., 82–3

Leuchtenburg, William E., 76

Levinson, Sanford, 172

Levy, Robert A., 124, 173–83, 189

liberalism, 8, 18, 51, 54, 78–80, 85–6, 90–1, 104–8, 112–13, 116–17, 159, 196, 222, 228, 233

libertarian legal movement

and conservatism, 110–25, 168, 195–9

defined, 6–8

and Field, 6–8, 14, 29, 31–9, 45, 47, 57, 65, 112, 131, 194–5

See also Cato Institute; Institute for Justice (IJ)

liberty of contract, 7, 32–3, 39, 45–9, 58, 62–3, 71, 74–5, 80, 85, 93, 111, 113, 228. See also economic rights cases

Liberty University, 219

Lincoln, Abraham, 6, 14, 19–20, 31, 41

Lippmann, Walter, 2

living constitutionalism, 70

Lochner, Joseph, 47

Lochner v. New York, 45, 47–51, 57, 59, 62, 71, 79, 84–5, 93–5, 98–100, 112, 119, 129, 227

Locke, John, 18, 117

Lofgren, Charles, 13

Lovejoy, Elijah, 19

Lund, Nelson, 176

Macedo, Stephen: The New Right v. The Constitution, 121

Madison, James, 16, 28, 181, 187, 210

Maged, Jacob, 66

Magna Carta, 15

majoritarianism, 5, 43, 90, 97, 109–10, 112–19, 121–2, 158

Manhattan Institute, 139

Marshall, John, 25

Marshall, Thurgood, 83

McClellan, George B., 41

McCloskey, Robert Green, 35

McConnell, Michael, 237–8

McDonald v. City of Chicago, 189–91, 193–203, 238

McDonald, Otis, 190–1

McIntosh, David, 107

McReynolds, James C., 56–7, 73, 93–5

medical marijuana, 205–7, 211–17, 225–6

Meese, Edwin, III, 108, 117–18

Mège-Mouriès, Hippolyte, 33–4

Mellor, William H. “Chip,” 137–42, 144–9, 154, 166, 173–4

Menand, Louis, 43

Mencken, H. L., 54

Meyer, Eugene

Meyer, Robert, 56, 107

Meyer v. Nebraska, 56–7, 73, 93, 95, 99, 127

Mile Hi Cablevision, 138

Milk Regulation Equity Act (2005), 134

Miller, Samuel F., 13–14, 30–1, 194–5

Milne, George, Jr., 153

Minersville School District v. Gobitis, 87

Mises, Ludwig von, 154

Moley, Raymond, 69

monopoly, 13–16, 36–7, 63, 69, 73, 144, 194, 210. See also New State Ice Co. v. Liebmann; Slaughter-House Cases (1873)

Moreno, Paul, 34

Mountain States Legal Foundation, 137–42

Munn v. Illinois, 35–7, 64–5

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), 57–61, 83–4, 142, 158, 166, 204

National Democratic Party (Gold Democrats), 58, 60

National Federation of Independent Business, 207, 218, 225, 230

National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius and related cases, 207

and Anti-Injunction Act, 220–1, 224–5

and individual mandate, 221, 224–8, 230–1, 234–6

and Medicaid expansion, 221, 231–2

oral arguments, 220, 223–32

ruling and opinions, 234–6

and severability, 219, 221, 231

National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA), 65–70, 75, 232

National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act), 74–5

National Organization for Women, 116

National Rifle Association (NRA), 170, 176–9, 184, 196–9

Near v. Minnesota, 64

Neas, Ralph, 104–5

Nebbia, Leo, 64

Nebbia v. New York, 64–5, 73

Necessary and Proper Clause, 222

Neily, Clark, 171, 173–85, 189, 191–2

New Deal, 6–8, 52, 64–5

Agricultural Adjustment Act (1933), 71, 73

Agricultural Adjustment Act (1938), 211

Agricultural Marketing Agreement Act (1937), 133

“Black Monday” cases (May 27, 1935), 67, 72

and Commerce Clause, 206, 211–14, 218

“Four Horsemen” opposition, 73–4

Holmes and, 61–2, 135–6

National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA), 65–70, 75, 232

“White Monday” cases (March 29, 1937), 74

and Wickard v. Filburn, 206, 211–12, 214

New London Development Corporation (NLDC), 153, 155. See also Kelo v. City of New London

New State Ice Co. v. Liebmann, 63–6, 73

New York Association of Master Bakers, 47

Nineteenth Amendment, 63

Ninth Amendment, 92, 100, 215–16

Oakland Cannabis Buyers’ Cooperative (OCBC), 216

Obama, Barack, 172, 207–8, 232–3. See also Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA)

O’Connor, Sandra Day, 103, 156–8, 161–5, 214

originalism, 169, 192–3, 197, 201–2

Otis, Lee Liberman, 104, 107

Pacific Legal Foundation, 106

Pacific Research Institute (PRI), 139–41

Center for Applied Jurisprudence, 140

Freedom, Technology and the First Amendment (Emord), 141

Grand Theft and Petit Larceny (Pollot), 141

Unfinished Business (Bolick), 141, 144, 149, 195, 204

Palmer, Richard N., 168

Palmer, Tom, 175–7

Parker, Shelly, 175–7, 191

Parker v. District of Columbia, 177–9. See also District of Columbia v. Heller

Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA), 3, 6, 8, 75, 106, 130, 207–8, 212. See also National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius and related cases

Peckham, Rufus, 39, 47–9, 99–100

Pelosi, Nancy, 209

People for the American Way, 104

Pfizer, 152–3, 155–7, 167–8. See also Kelo v. City of New London

Philadelphia Society, 117

Pierce v. Society of Sisters, 93–5, 99

Pilon, Roger, 116–19, 121, 123–4, 212–13

Planned Parenthood League, 91

Pledge of Allegiance, 87

Plessy v. Ferguson, 142

Poe v. Ullman, 91

Powell, Lewis, 77

Powell v. Pennsylvania, 32–7

Powers v. Harris, 148–9

Prager, Robert, 55

Privileges or Immunities Clause (Fourteenth Amendment), 27–33, 194–203

Progressive movement, 2, 8, 50–4, 78–9, 84–6, 90–8, 118, 130, 238. See also Holmes, Oliver Wendell, Jr.; New Deal

property rights, 6, 59–60, 121, 131, 137, 140, 150–3, 158, 162, 166–8, 222, 238. See also economic rights cases

Proposition 8 (California), 51

Public Use Clause. See Takings Clause (Fifth Amendment)

Raich, Angel, 205–6, 225. See also Gonzales v. Raich

Rand, Ayn, 137

rational-basis test, 81, 135–6, 142, 147–8, 150, 156, 238

Reagan, Ronald, 4, 77–80, 104, 108–10, 118, 122, 139, 142, 154, 176

“Reagan Revolution,” 109

Rehnquist, William, 100, 127, 158, 165, 214

Reid, Harry M., 134

reproductive rights cases

Eisenstadt v. Baird, 115

Griswold v. Connecticut, 91–100, 112–15

Poe v. Ullman, 91

Roe v. Wade, 5, 79, 99, 105–6, 170, 194, 222

Tileston v. Ullman, 91

Republican Party, 5, 12, 19, 23–4, 26–7, 78, 104, 139, 142, 167, 218

restraint. See judicial restraint

Reynolds, Glenn Harlan, 213

Reynolds v. Sims, 89

Roberts, John

and 2012 health care cases, 4–6, 8, 75, 181–6, 222–4, 226–8, 233–6, 238–9

and Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission, 223

confirmation of, 103–5

and judicial restraint, 4–6, 222–3, 228, 236

and McDonald v. City of Chicago, 200, 202

Roberts, Owen, 64–5, 73–5

Roe v. Wade, 5, 79, 99, 105–6, 170, 194, 222

Roosevelt, Franklin Delano, 6, 8, 52, 62, 64–5, 67–73, 82, 86, 232. See also New Deal

Roosevelt, Theodore, 2, 53–4, 79, 84

Rosen, Jeffrey, 233–4

Rosenthal, Charles A., 126

Roy, Joseph E., 22

Sarah Farms, 134

Saulsbury, Willard, 24–5

Scalia, Antonin

and 2012 health care cases, 3, 220, 227–9, 239

and D.C. v. Heller, 170, 182, 184, 188–9, 191–2

debate with Epstein (1984 Cato conference), 119–21

and Federalist Society, 104–5

and Gonzales v. Raich, 206

and Kelo v. City of New London, 160, 163

Lawrence v. Texas, 119–21, 126–31

Matter of Interpretation, A, 192–3

and McDonald v. City of Chicago, 193–4, 196, 200–2

Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States, 66–70, 72

Second Amendment, 169–203, 238

individual/collective-right interpretation, 171–3

text of, 171

Second Amendment cases

District of Columbia v. Heller, 169–70, 173–4, 181–93, 196–7, 199–202, 234

McDonald v. City of Chicago, 189–91, 193–203, 238

Seegars v. Ashcroft, 178

United States v. Cruikshank, 191–2

United States v. Emerson, 171–3, 176

Second Amendment Foundation (SAF), 190

Seegars v. Ashcroft, 178

segregation. See civil rights cases

sexual orientation cases

Bowers v. Hardwick, 114–17, 128

Lawrence v. Texas, 115–17, 121, 124–31

Shapiro, Ilya, 209

Siegan, Bernard, 110–14

Economic Liberties and the Constitution, 111

Land Use without Zoning, 111

Sigale, David, 192

Simpson, Steve, 171, 173

Slaughter-House Cases (1873), 13–15, 29–33, 37, 39, 47, 57, 142, 144, 194–8, 200–1, 204

slavery

abolitionism and abolitionists, 11–13, 17–20, 25–6, 58, 60, 202

and Black Codes, 20–3, 25–7, 31, 202–3

Dred Scott v. Sandford, 19–20, 24, 60, 70

Fugitive Slave Act of 1850, 19

Thirteenth Amendment, 20

Smith, Adam, 15–16, 18

Wealth of Nations, The, 15–16

Smith, Paul M., 125–6

Sotomayor, Sonia, 167, 225

Souter, David, 160, 165

Spencer, Herbert: Social Statics, 49–50

stare decisis, 167, 200, 223

Stewart, Nathaniel, 218

Stone, Harlan Fiske, 68, 74, 83

Storey, Moorfield, 57–60, 84

substantive due process, 33, 98–100, 113, 115, 120, 190, 193–4, 196–7, 199–203, 227

Sumner, Charles, 16, 58

Supreme Court. See U.S. Supreme Court

Sutherland, George, 63–4, 73–4

Sutton, Jeffrey, 220

Taalib-Din Abdul Uqdah v. District of Columbia, 145

Taft, William Howard, 73

Takings Clause (Fifth Amendment), 121–2, 150–1, 156, 160, 162–3, 165

Thayer, James Bradley, 52

Thirteenth Amendment, 20

Thomas, Clarence, 105, 122–3, 142–3, 165–6, 202–4, 207, 239

Thomas More Law Center, 219

Thurgood Marshall Federal Judicial Center, 175

Tileston v. Ullman, 91

Tribe, Laurence, 172

Trump, Donald, 151–2, 154

Tugwell, Rexford, 69

United States v. Butler, 71

United States v. Carolene Products Co., 80–1, 130, 135

Footnote Four, 83, 86, 90, 92–3, 111, 150–1, 166

United States v. Comstock, 222

United States v. Cruikshank, 191–2

United States v. Emerson, 171–3, 176

United States v. Lopez, 212–14, 217, 239

United States v. Morrison, 214, 217, 239

Uqdah, Taalib-Din Abdul, 145

U.S. Constitution, 12–16

Commerce Clause, 67–8, 70, 75–6, 205–18, 224–39

See also individual amendments; Bill of Rights

U.S. Court of Appeals, 28, 57

and “circuit split,” 149

District of Columbia Circuit, 77, 109, 119, 133, 173, 179–80, 184, 189, 220

Eleventh Circuit, 3, 219–20, 227

Fifth Circuit, 171–3, 212, 238

Fourth Circuit, 169, 220

Ninth Circuit, 33, 37–8

and “riding circuit,” 37

Seventh Circuit, 197, 201

Sixth Circuit, 147, 149, 220

Tenth Circuit, 148–9

U.S. Supreme Court. See individual cases and justices

Van Devanter, Willis, 72–3

Verrilli, Donald, 4, 209, 224–32

Vietnam War, 137

Villard, Oswald Garrison, 60

Vinson, Roger, 219, 221

Violence Against Women Act, 214, 239

von Breichenruchardt, Dane, 179

Wagner, Robert, 75

Wagner Act, 74–5

Waite, Morrison, 36

Warley, William, 59. See also Buchanan v. Warley

Warren, Earl, 80, 84, 88–9, 92

Warren Court, 85–6, 108, 117

Washington, Bushrod, 28, 31

Washington Legal Foundation, 106

Waters, Maxine, 166

Weigel, Dave, 221

West Coast Hotel Co. v. Parrish, 93

West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette, 87–8

Wheeler, Burton K., 72

White, Byron, 92, 114–15

“White Monday” (March 29, 1937), 74

Wickard v. Filburn, 206, 211–12, 214

Wilkinson, J. Harvie, III, 169–70

Will, George, 233

Williams, Walter: The State against Blacks, 143

Williamson v. Lee Optical Inc., 82, 135

Wilson, Woodrow, 54–5, 63, 70

Congressional Government, 70

World War I, 44, 54–5, 127

World War II, 110

Yale Law School, 96, 103–4, 106, 237