PART I: THE TIME OF TROUBLES
CHAPTER 1: THE TIES THAT BIND
1. Yuri Slezkine, ‘The USSR as a Communal Apartment, or How a Socialist State Promoted Ethnic Particularism’, Slavic Review, vol. 53, no. 2 (summer 1994), p. 443.
2. I. Vareikis and I. Zelenskii, NatsionalPno-gosudarstvennoe razmezhevanie Srednei Azii (Tashkent: Sredne-Aziatskoe gosudarstvennoe izdatel’stvo, 1924), p. 59.
3. Slezkine, ‘The USSR as a Communal Apartment’, p. 443.
4. George Bush and Brent Scowcroft, A World Transformed (New York: Knopf, 1998), p. 502.
5. Ibid., p. 513.
6. Serhii Plokhy, The Last Empire: The Final Days of the Soviet Union (London: Oneworld Publications, 2014), pp. 47–8.
7. Ibid., p. 49.
8. Peters, Gerhard and Woolley, John T. (1991, August 1). The American Presidency Project. ‘Remarks to the Supreme Soviet of the Republic of the Ukraine in Kiev, Soviet Union’, George Bush. [Online]. (URL http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=19864). (Accessed 26 September 2016).
9. Memorandum of conversation, 1 August 1991. Bush Presidential Records, George Bush Presidential Library. [Online]. (URL https://bush41library.tamu.edu/files/memcons-telcons/1991-08-01--Kravchuk.pdf). (Accessed 9 October 2016).
10. ‘Bush’s Slap in Kiev Talk Enrages Rebel Republics’, Chicago Sun-Times, 14 August 1991.
11. William Safire, ‘Essay; After the Fall’, New York Times, 29 August 1991.
12. Alexander Solzhenitsyn, Rebuilding Russia (New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 1991), p. 17.
13. Jack F. Matlock in Dick Combs, Inside the Soviet Alternate Universe (Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2008), p. ix.
14. Ibid.
CHAPTER 2: THE BOYS IN PINK TROUSERS
1. Interview with author, January 2016.
2. Pravda, 2 September 1950.
3. Frederick A. Barghoorn, The Soviet Image of the United States (New York: Harcourt, Brace & Co., 1950), p. 277.
4. Peter H. Juviler and Henry W. Morton, eds, Soviet Policy-Making (New York: Praeger, 1967), p. 17.
5. Sachs, Jeffrey. (2012, March 14). ‘What I Did in Russia’. [Online]. (URL http://jeffsachs.org/2012/03/what-i-did-in-russia/). (Accessed 26 September 2016).
CHAPTER 3: IN SEARCH OF A NEW MARSHALL PLAN
1. Craig R. Whitney, ‘Russians Sniff at Beef, Miffing British Donors’, New York Times, 7 January 1992.
2. Sylvia Nasar, ‘How to Aid Russians is Debated’, New York Times, 20 January 1992.
3. Sachs, Jeffrey. (2012, March 14). ‘What I Did in Russia’. [Online]. (URL http://jeffsachs.org/2012/03/what-i-did-in-russia/). (Accessed 26 September 2016).
4. William Safire, ‘Clinton Wins First Round in Bout with Bush,’ New York Times, 3 April 1992.
5. Thomas L. Friedman, ‘Diplomatic Notebook; The Odd Art of Summitry Without a Cold War’, New York Times, 14 June 1992.
6. Full text. (1992, August 14). [Online]. (URL www.nytimes.com/1992/08/14/us/the-1992-campaign-excerpts-from-clinton-s-speech-on-foreign-policy-leadership.html?pagewanted=all). (Accessed 17 October 2016).
7. David Remnick, ‘A Very Big Delusion’, The New Yorker, 2 November 1992.
8. Klebnikov, Paul (2002). ‘Theft of the Century, Privatization and the Looting of Russia’. [Online]. (URL http://multinationalmonitor.org/mm2002/02jan-feb/jan-feb02interviewklebniko.html). The Multinational Monitor, 23 (1 and 2). (Accessed 26 September 2016).
9. Quoted in Rodric Braithwaite, Across the Moscow River: The World Turned Upside Down (London: Yale University Press, 2002), p. 315.
CHAPTER 4: STOCKHOLM SYNDROME
1. Bill Clinton, My Life (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2004), p. 502.
2. Serhii Plokhy, The Last Empire: The Final Days of the Soviet Union (London: Oneworld Publications, 2014), p. 112.
3. Clinton, My Life, p. 504.
4. Strobe Talbott, The Russia Hand: A Memoir of Presidential Diplomacy (New York: Random House, 2002), p. 42.
5. Ibid.
6. Clinton, My Life, p. 504.
7. Ibid., p. 505.
8. Talbott, The Russia Hand, p. 63.
9. Ibid., p. 64.
10. Ibid.
11. Ibid., pp. 64–5.
12. Clinton, My Life, p. 508.
13. Talbott, The Russia Hand, p. 79.
14. Ibid., p. 80.
15. Fiona Hill and Pamela Jewett, Back in the USSR: Russia’s Intervention in the Internal Affairs of the Former Soviet Republics and the Implications for United States Policy Toward Russia (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University, John F. Kennedy School of Government, 1994), p. 5.
16. Ibid., p. 1.
17. Ibid., p. 6.
18. Ibid., p. 7.
19. Ibid.
20. Serhii Plokhy, The Gates of Europe: A History of Ukraine (London: Allen Lane, 2015) p. 324.
21. Quoted in Hill and Jewett, Back in the USSR, p. 87.
22. Talbott, The Russia Hand, p. 150.
CHAPTER 5: EASTWARD BOUND
1. SaArchive (1989, 23 September). (National Security Archive). Cold War: Margaret Thatcher conversation with Mikhail Gorbachev (extract from Soviet memcon in Gorbachev Archive) [‘Britain & Western Europe are not interested in the unification of Germany’]. [Online]. (URL http://www.margaretthatcher.org/archive/displaydocument.asp?docid=112005). (Accessed 26 September 2016).
2. Condoleezza Rice, ‘I Preferred to See it as an Acquisition’, Spiegel Online, 29 September 2010. Retrieved from http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/condoleezza-rice-on-german-reunification-i-preferred-to-see-it-as-an-acquisition-a-719444.html. (Accessed 26 September 2016).
3. Time magazine, 30 May 1990.
4. Joanna A. Gorska, Dealing with a Juggernaut: Analyzing Poland’s Policy Toward Russia, 1989–2009 (New York: Lexington Books, 2010), p. 56.
5. Andrzej Drawicz, quoted in Gorska, Dealing with a Juggernaut, p. 70.
6. Craig R. Whitney, ‘NATO, Victim of Success, Searches for New Strategy’, New York Times, 26 October 1991.
7. Strobe Talbott, The Russia Hand: A Memoir of Presidential Diplomacy (New York: Random House, 2002), p. 98.
8. Madeleine Albright, Madam Secretary: A Memoir (London: Miramax Books, 2003), p. 166.
9. Unnamed official quoted in Ted Galen Carpenter, The Future of NATO (Strategic Studies), (Oxford: Routledge, 1995), p. 9.
10. Talbott, The Russia Hand, p. 101.
11. Ronald D. Asmus, Richard L. Kugler and Stephen Larrabee, ‘Building a New Nato’, Foreign Affairs, September/October 1993.
12. Pushkov, Alexei (1994). ‘Russia and the West: An Endangered Relationship?’. [Online]. (URL http://www.nato.int/docu/review/1994/9401-5.htm). NATO Review, 42 (1), pp. 19–23. (Accessed 26 September 2016).
13. Henry Kissinger, ‘Not this Partnership’, Washington Post, 23 November 1993.
14. Albright, Madam Secretary, p. 169.
15. Partnership for Peace: Invitation Document. (1994, January 10). [Online]. (URL http://www.nato.int/cps/en/natolive/official_texts_24468.htm). (Accessed 26 September 2016).
CHAPTER 6: BILL AND OL’ BORIS
1. Padma Desai, Conversations on Russia: Reform from Yeltsin to Putin (New York: Oxford University Press Inc., 2006), p. 81.
2. Michael Specter, ‘In Election, Russian Communist Starts to Sound Like a Communist’, New York Times, 13 December 1995.
3. Craig R. Whitney, ‘Soothing Tone by Russian Communist at Business Forum’, New York Times, 5 February 1996.
4. Interview with author, October 2016.
5. Telephone call between Blair and Clinton, 29 May 1997. [Online]. (URL http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/files/original/5aa4876f138a60330e869d23b372880d.pdf). (Accessed 26 September 2016).
6. Strobe Talbott, The Russia Hand: A Memoir of Presidential Diplomacy (New York: Random House, 2002), p. 201.
7. Ibid., p. 204.
8. Boris Yeltsin, Prezidentskii Marafon (Moscow: Rosspen, 2008), p. 35.
9. Interview with author, January 2016.
10. Interview with author, January 2016.
11. Bill Browder, Red Notice (London: Bantam Press, 2015), p. 87.
12. Treisman, Daniel (2010, March). ‘“Loans for Shares” Revisited’, working paper 15819. [Online]. (URL http://www.nber.org/papers/w15819.pdf). National Bureau of Economic Research. (Accessed 26 September 2016).
13. Desai, Conversations on Russia, p. 82.
14. Tatiana Zhurzhenko and Ivan Krastev, ‘Gleb Pavlovsky: The Final Act’, Open Democracy, 15 May 2011.
15. Chrystia Freeland, John Thornhill and Andrew Gowers, ‘Moscow’s Group of Seven’, Financial Times, 1 November 1996.
CHAPTER 7: A FATAL ERROR?
1. Katharine Q. Seelye, ‘Arms Contractors Spend to Promote an Expanded NATO’, New York Times, 30 March 1998.
2. Interview with author, March 2016.
3. Quoted in James Goldgeier and Michael McFaul, Power and Purpose: US Policy toward Russia after the Cold War (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press, 2003), pp. 204–5.
4. Henry Kissinger, ‘U.S. Must Embrace the Expansion of NATO,’ Los Angeles Times, 12 January 1997.
5. Susan Eisenhower, ‘Russia and the Cold-War Warhorses’, Washington Post, 20 March 1997.
6. ‘Fateful error – A Sage Speaks on Nato Expansion – Americans Should Listen’, The Times, 7 February 1997.
7. Strobe Talbott, The Russia Hand: A Memoir of Presidential Diplomacy (New York: Random House, 2002), p. 232.
8. Anatole Kaletsky and Michael Evans, ‘Nato Expansion would be “Biggest Error in 50 Years”’, The Times, 4 February 1997.
9. Talbott, The Russia Hand, p. 232.
10. Ibid., p. 233.
11. Madeleine Albright, Madam Secretary: A Memoir (London: Miramax Books, 2003), p. 256.
12. Talbott, The Russia Hand, p. 237.
13. Ibid.
14. Bill Clinton, My Life (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2004), p. 750.
15. Telephone call between Blair and Clinton, 19 April 2000. [Online]. (URL http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/files/original/5aa4876f138a60330e869d23b372880d.pdf). (Accessed 26 September 2016).
16. Talbott, The Russia Hand, p. 241.
17. James Rubin, ‘Reassuring Eastern Europe’, New York Times, 11 June 2014.
18. Telephone call between Blair and Clinton, 29 May 1997. [Online]. (URL http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/files/original/5aa4876f138a60330e869d23b372880d.pdf). (Accessed 26 September 2016).
19. Telephone call between Blair and Clinton, 27 August 1998. [Online]. (URL http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/files/original/5aa4876f138a6o330e869d23b372880d.pdf). (Accessed 26 September 2016).
20. Talbott, The Russia Hand, p. 286.
21. Ibid., p. 288.
22. Thomas L. Friedman, ‘Foreign Affairs; Now a Word From X’, New York Times, 2 May 1998.
23. Jane Perlez, ‘Expanding Alliance: The Overview; Poland, Hungary and the Czechs Join NATO’, New York Times, 13 March 1999.
24. Tyler Marshall, ‘U.S. Gives NATO’s 3 Newest Members Official Welcome’, Los Angeles Times, 13 March 1999.
25. Braithwaite, Roderic (2016, July 7). ‘NATO Enlargement: Assurances and Misunderstandings’. [Online]. (URL http://www.ecfr.eu/article/commentary_nato_enlargement_assurances_and_misunderstandings). (Accessed 19 October 2016).
26. Interview with Eduard Shevardnadze: ‘We Couldn’t Believe that the Warsaw Pact Could Be Dissolved’, Spiegel Online, 26 November 2009. Retrieved from http://www.spiegel.de/international/europe/interview-with-eduard-shevardnadze-we-couldn-t-believe-that-the-warsaw-pact-could-be-dissolved-a-663595-2.html. (Accessed 26 September 2016).
27. Mikhail Gorbachev, The New Russia (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2016), p. 308.
CHAPTER 8: KOSOVO
1. Mike Jackson, Soldier: The Autobiography (London: Bantam Press), p. 333.
2. Richard Holbrooke, To End a War (New York: Modern Library, 1999), p. 117.
3. Strobe Talbott, The Russia Hand: A Memoir of Presidential Diplomacy (New York: Random House, 2002), p. 76.
4. Steven Erlanger, ‘Albright Warns Serbs on Kosovo Violence’, New York Times, 8 March 1998.
5. Madeleine Albright, Madam Secretary: A Memoir (London: Miramax Books, 2003), p. 384.
6. Louis Sell, Slobodan Milošević and the Destruction of Yugoslavia (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2002) p. 299.
7. Boris Yeltsin, Midnight Diaries (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2000), p. 258.
8. Robyn Dixon, ‘Gunman Rakes U.S. Embassy in Moscow’, Los Angeles Times, 29 March 1999.
9. Yeltsin, Midnight Diaries, p. 263.
10. Interview with author, January 2016.
11. Charles Gati, ‘Weimar Russia’, Washington Post, 17 March 1995.
12. Lilia Shevtsova, Lonely Power: Russia’s Uneasy Relationship with the West (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press, 2010), p. 14.
13. Rodric Braithwaite, Across the Moscow River: The World Turned Upside Down (London: Yale University Press, 2002), p. 315.
14. Garry Kasparov, Winter is Coming: Why Vladimir Putin and the Enemies of the Free World Must Be Stopped (London: Atlantic Books, 2015), p. xi.
15. Charles Gati, ‘Weimar Russia, 1995–2015’, The American Interest, 29 June 2015.
16. Walter Laqueur, Putinism: Russia and Its Future with the West (New York: Thomas Dunne Books, 2015), p. 201.
PART II: REBIRTH
CHAPTER 9: A NEW START
1. Yeltsin’s resignation speech. (1999, December 31). [Online]. (URL http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/monitoring/584845.stm). (Accessed 30 September 2016).
2. Eric Schmitt, ‘Yeltsin Resigns: In Washington; Power Shift is not Viewed as a Threat to U.S. Ties’, New York Times, 1 January 2000.
3. Bill Clinton, My Life (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2004), p. 882.
4. Vladimir Putin and Nataliya Gevorkyan, First Person: An Astonishingly Frank Self-portrait by Russia’s President Vladimir Putin (New York: PublicAffairs, 2000), p. 70.
5. Bowlby, Chris (2015, 27 March). ‘Vladimir Putin’s Formative German Years’. [Online]. (URL http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-32066222). (Accessed 30 September 2016).
6. Ibid.
7. German History in Documents and Images, ‘Helmut Kohl’s Welcome in Dresden, 19 December 1989’ (taken from Helmut Kohl, Recollections, 1982–1990 (Munich: Droemer Knaur, 2005), pp. 1020–8). [Online]. (URL http://german historydocs.ghi-dc.org/sub_document.cfm?document_id=2889). (Accessed 30 September 2016).
8. Putin and Gevorkyan, First Person, p. 80.
9. Padma Desai, Conversations on Russia: Reform from Yeltsin to Putin (New York: Oxford University Press Inc., 2006), p. 82.
10. Boris Yeltsin, Midnight Diaries (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2000), p. 213.
11. Desai, Conversations on Russia, p. 84.
12. Strobe Talbott, The Russia Hand: A Memoir of Presidential Diplomacy (New York: Random House, 2002), p. 355.
13. Interview with author, January 2016.
14. Talbott, The Russia Hand, p. 356.
15. Putin and Gevorkyan, First Person, pp. 143–4.
16. Sergei Kovalev, ‘Putin’s War’, New York Review of Books, 10 February 2000.
17. Steven Lee Myers, The New Tsar: The Rise and Reign of Vladimir Putin (London: Simon & Schuster, 2015) p. 163.
18. Interview with author, January 2016.
19. Yeltsin, Midnight Diaries, p. 6.
20. Talbott, The Russia Hand, p. 367.
21. Yeltsin, Midnight Diaries, p. 7.
22. Ibid., p. 8.
23. Talbott, The Russia Hand, p. 7.
24. Interview with author, January 2016.
25. Interview with author, January 2016.
26. Interview with author, October 2016.
28. Jonathan Powell, The New Machiavelli, How to Wield Power in the Modern World (London: Bodley Head, 2010, p. 289)
29. Telephone call between Blair and Clinton, 8 February 2000. [Online]. (URL http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/files/original/5aa4876f138a6o330e869d23b372880d.pdf). (Accessed 30 September 2016).
30. Paul Lettow, Ronald Reagan and His Quest to Abolish Nuclear Weapons (New York: Random House, 2005), p. 21.
31. Interview with author, January 2016.
32. Talbott, The Russia Hand, p. 4.
33. Ibid., p. 5.
34. Ibid., p. 6.
35. Ibid., p. 7.
36. Ibid., p. 8.
37. Telephone call between Blair and Clinton, 23 November 2000. [Online]. (URL http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/files/original/5aa4876f138a6o330e869d23b372880d.pdf). (Accessed 30 September 2016).
38. J. L. Black, Vladimir Putin and the New World Order: Looking East, Looking West? (New York: Rowman & Littlefield, 2004), p. 103.
39. Interview with author, January 2016.
CHAPTER 10: A SENSE OF PUTIN’S SOUL
1. Quoted in Tucker Carlson, ‘Devil May Care’, Talk Magazine, September 1999, p. 108.
2. Quoted in Jacob Heilbrunn, ‘Condoleezza Rice: George W.’s Realist’, World Policy Journal, 16, 1999/2000, p. 51.
3. Condoleezza Rice, No Higher Honor: A Memoir of My Years in Washington (New York: Random House, 2011) p. 3.
4. Elaine Sciolino, ‘The 43rd President: Woman in the News; Compulsion to Achieve – Condoleezza Rice’, New York Times, 18 December 2000.
5. (2000, 9 August). ‘Bush Senior Policy Adviser Condoleezza Rice’. [Online]. (URL http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/liveonline/00/politics/freemedia080900_rice.htm). (Accessed 30 September 2016).
6. Ivo H. Daalder and James M. Lindsay, America Unbound: The Bush Revolution in Foreign Policy (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press, 2003) pp. 12–13.
7. Gerald F. Seib, ‘Note to Allies: There is a Method to Bush Policies’, Wall Street Journal, 9 May 2001.
8. Interview with author, March 2016.
9. Angela Stent, The Limits of Partnership: U.S.-Russian Relations in the Twenty-First Century (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2014), p. 59.
10. Le Figaro, 10 February 2001.
11. James Risen and Jane Perlez, ‘Russian Diplomats Ordered Expelled in a Countermove’, New York Times, 22 March 2001.
12. (2001, 1 May). Bush’s speech to National Defense University, Washington. [Online]. (URL http://fas.org/nuke/control/abmt/news/010501bush.html). (Accessed 30 September 2016).
13. Interview with author, October 2016.
14. Karen Hughes, Ten Minutes from Normal (New York: Viking, 2004), p. 218.
15. George W. Bush, Decision Points (New York: Random House, 2010), p. 196.
16. Hughes, Ten Minutes from Normal, p. 219.
17. Interview with author, March 2016.
18. Robert Draper, Dead Certain: The Presidency of George W. Bush (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2007) p. 133.
19. Jane Perlez, ‘Cordial Rivals: How Bush and Putin Became Friends’, New York Times, 18 June 2001.
20. Rice, No Higher Honor, p. 63.
CHAPTER 11: FROM 9/11 TO IRAQ
1. Peter Baker and Susan Glasser, Kremlin Rising: Vladimir Putin’s Russia and the End of Revolution (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2005), p. 122.
2. Condoleezza Rice, No Higher Honor: A Memoir of My Years in Washington (New York: Random House, 2011), p. 75.
3. George W. Bush, Decision Points (New York: Random House, 2010), p. 196.
4. Baker and Glasser, Kremlin Rising, p. 122.
5. Ibid., p. 122, note 5.
6. Bush, Decision Points, p. 197.
7. Interview with author, January 2016.
8. Interview with author, January 2016.
9. John Bolton, Surrender is Not an Option: Defending America at the United Nations (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2007), p. 74.
10. David E. Singer and Michael Wines, ‘Bush and Putin Sign Pact for Steep Nuclear Arms Cuts’, New York Times, 24 May 2002.
11. Interview with author, January 2016.
12. Diane Rehm Show, 27 March 2014.
13. Interview with author, October 2016.
14. Interview with author, (3 Nov 2016)
15. John Tagliabue, ‘Rome Journal: A Faux Treaty Room, with Missiles’, New York Times, 27 May 2002.
16. Anders Fogh Rasmussen, The Will to Lead: America’s Indispensable Role in the Global Fight for Freedom (New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 2016), p. 175.
17. Lord Robertson (2003, 23 January, updated). ‘A New Russian Revolution: Partnership with NATO’. [Online]. (URL http://www.nato.int/docu/speech/2002/s021213a.htm). (Accessed 30 September 2016).
18. Alan Friedman, ‘Silvio Berlusconi and Vladimir Putin: The Odd Couple’, Financial Times, 2 October 2015.
19. Interview with author, October 2016.
20. Interview with author, March 2016.
21. Friedman, ‘Silvio Berlusconi and Vladimir Putin: The Odd Couple’.
22. Angela Stent, The Limits of Partnership: U.S.-Russian Relations in the Twenty-First Century (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2014), p. 77.
23. George W. Bush, ‘The Enlargement of NATO is Good for All Who Join Us’, New York Times, 21 November 2002. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2002/11/21/world/threats-responses-bush-s-words-enlargement-nato-good-for-all-who-join-us.html. (Accessed 30 September 2016).
24. Elisabeth Bumiller and Patrick E. Tyler, ‘Threats and Responses: The President; Putin Questions U.S. Terror Allies’, New York Times, 23 November 2002.
25. Interview with author, October 2016.
26. Reuters, 18 November 2002.
CHAPTER 12: MISSION ACCOMPLISHED
1. Jean Edward Smith, Bush (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2016), p. 234.
2. Richard Clarke, Against All Enemies: Inside America’s War on Terror (London: Simon & Schuster, 2004), pp. 30–1.
3. Smith, Bush, p. 233.
4. George W. Bush, Decision Points (New York: Random House, 2010), p. 234.
5. Peter Baker and Susan Glasser, Kremlin Rising: Vladimir Putin’s Russia and the End of Revolution (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2005), p. 202.
6. (2003, 10 February). ‘Joint Declaration on Iraq: Text’. [Online]. (URL http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/2746885.stm). (Accessed 30 September 2016).
7. Interview with author, January 2016.
8. Bob Woodward, Plan of Attack (London: Simon & Schuster, 2004), p. 404.
9. Bush, Decision Points, p. 256.
10. Ibid., p. 257.
11. Interview with author, January 2016.
12. Jonathan Steele, ‘Angry Putin Rejects Public Beslan Inquiry’, Guardian, 7 September 2004.
13. (2004, September). [Online]. (URL http://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2004/09/images/20040913-2_p42987-08a-515h.html). (Accessed 30 September 2016).
14. Interview with author, March 2016.
CHAPTER 13: THE COLOUR REVOLUTIONS
1. Pavlovsky, interview with author, January 2016.
2. Alexander Solzhenitsyn, Rebuilding Russia (New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 1991), p. 17.
3. Condoleezza Rice, No Higher Honor: A Memoir of My Years in Washington (New York: Random House, 2011), p. 355.
4. Angus Roxburgh, The Strongman: Vladimir Putin and the Struggle for Russia (London: I. B. Tauris, 2012), p. 130.
5. Interview with author, March 2016.
6. Roxburgh, The Strongman, p. 130.
7. Interview with author, January 2016.
8. Roxburgh, The Strongman, p. 133.
9. William Branigin, ‘U.S. Rejects Tally, Warns Ukraine’, New York Times, 25 November 2004.
10. Tatiana Zhurzhenko and Ivan Krastev, ‘Gleb Pavlovsky: The Final Act’, Open Democracy, 15 May 2011.
CHAPTER 14: MUNICH
1. Interview with author, January 2016.
2. Mike Eckel, ‘Putin Calls Soviet Collapse a “Geopolitical Catastrophe”,’ Associated Press, 26 April 2005.
3. Masha Lipman, ‘Putin’s “Sovereign Democracy”’, Washington Post, 15 July 2006.
4. Ibid.
5. Historical Crude Oil Prices. [Online]. (URL http://inflationdata.com/Inflation/Inflation_Rate/Historical_Oil_Prices_Table.asp). (Accessed 30 September 2016).
6. Peter Baker, ‘Russian Relations Under Scrutiny’, Washington Post, 26 February 2006.
7. Ibid.
8. Angela Stent, The Limits of Partnership: U.S. – Russian Relations in the Twenty-First Century (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2014), p. 137.
9. Dick Cheney and Liz Cheney, In My Time: A Personal and Political Memoir (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2011), p. 428.
10. Steven Lee Myers, ‘Cheney Rebukes Russia on Rights’, New York Times, 5 May 2006.
11. Peter Baker, ‘Cheney Switches from Scowls to Smiles’, Washington Post, 6 May 2006.
12. Philippe Naughton, ‘Putin Takes Swipe at Hungry America’s “Comrade Wolf”’, The Times, 10 May 2006.
13. Nick Paton Walsh and Patrick Wintour, ‘Putin: Don’t Lecture Me about Democracy’, Observer, 16 July 2006.
CHAPTER 15: THE TRAP
1. (2004, 3 February). [Online]. (URL https://wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/04YEREVAN282_a.html). (Accessed 9 October 2016).
2. Angus Roxburgh, The Strongman: Vladimir Putin and the Struggle for Russia (London: I. B. Tauris, 2012), p. 115.
3. Ibid., p. 116.
4. (2006, 11 January). [Online]. (URL https://wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/06ALMATY211_a.html). (Accessed 9 October 2016).
5. (2006, 26 January). [Online]. (URL https://wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/06MOSCOW789_a.html). (Accessed 9 October 2016).
6. (2006, 24 March). [Online]. (URL https://wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/06MOSCOW2974_a.html). (Accessed 9 October 2016).
7. Condoleezza Rice, No Higher Honor: A Memoir of My Years in Washington (New York: Random House, 2011), p. 668.
8. Ibid., p. 671.
9. Ibid.
10. Ibid., p. 672.
11. Ibid., p. 675.
12. Anders Fogh Rasmussen, The Will to Lead: America’s Indispensable Role in the Global Fight for Freedom (New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 2016), p. 180.
13. Ibid., p. 175.
14. George W. Bush, Decision Points (New York: Random House, 2010), p. 431.
15. Ibid.
16. Ibid., p. 433.
17. Ibid.
18. Roxburgh, The Strongman, p. 236.
19. Rice, No Higher Honor, p. 686.
20. Ibid.
21. Bush, Decision Points, p. 434.
22. Rice, No Higher Honor, p. 688.
23. Ibid.
24. Ibid., p. 689.
25. Ian Traynor in Brussels, Luke Harding in Tbilisi and Helen Womack in Moscow, ‘Moscow Warns it Could Strike Poland over US Missile Shield’, Guardian, 16 August 2008.
26. Angela Stent, The Limits of Partnership: U.S.-Russian Relations in the Twenty-First Century (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2014), p. 173.
27. Mikhail Gorbachev, ‘A Crisis Russia Did Not Want’, New York Times, 21 August 2008.
28. Interview with author, January 2016.
29. Interview with author, January 2016.
PART III: THE HOT PEACE
CHAPTER 16: OVERLOAD
1. Mark Landler, Alter Egos: Hillary Clinton, Barack Obama, and the Twilight Struggle over American Power (London: W. H. Allen, 2016), p. 278.
2. William J. Broad and David E. Sanger, ‘Obama’s Youth Shaped his Nuclear- Free Vision’, New York Times, 4 July 2009.
3. Barack Obama, The Audacity of Hope: Thoughts on Reclaiming the American Dream (New York: Random House, 2006) p. 312.
4. Ibid., p. 313.
5. David Remnick, ‘Watching the Eclipse’, The New Yorker, 11–18 August 2014.
6. Elisabeth Bumiller and Michael Falcone, ‘Candidates’ Reactions to Georgia Conflict Offer Hints at Style on Foreign Affairs’, New York Times, 9 August 2008.
7. (2008, 26 September). ‘The First Presidential Debate’. [Online]. (URL http:// edition.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0809/26/se.01.html). (Accessed 3 October 2016).
8. Putin, Russia and the West, BBC2 documentary produced by Norma Percy, Part 4 (2012).
9. Landler, Alter Egos, p. 270.
10. Peter Baker, ‘Obama Resets Ties to Russia, but Work Remains’, New York Times, 7 July 2009.
11. Ibid.
12. Anders Fogh Rasmussen, The Will to Lead: America’s Indispensable Role in the Global Fight for Freedom (New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 2016), p. 173.
13. Ibid., p. 174.
CHAPTER 17: SILICON VALLEY
1. Sergei N. Khrushchev, Nikita Khrushchev and the Creation of a Superpower (Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2000), p. 334.
2. (2016, July). Quoted in ‘From Russia with Money, Hillary Clinton, the Russian Reset, and Cronyism’, Government Accountability Institute. [Online]. (URL http://www.g-a-i.org/u/2016/08/Report-Skolkvovo-08012016.pdf). (Accessed 3 October 2016).
3. Peter Schweizer, ‘The Clinton Foundation, State and Kremlin Connections’, Wall Street Journal, 31 July 2016.
4. Putin, Russia and the West, BBC2 documentary produced by Norma Percy, Part 4 (2012).
5. Tom Parfitt, ‘Vladimir Putin Consoles Exposed Russian Spies with “Singalong”’, Guardian, 25 July 2010.
6. (2011, 21 March). ‘Statement by Dmitry Medvedev on the Situation in Libya’. [Online]. (URL http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/10701). (Accessed 3 October 2016).
7. Len Barry, ‘In Shift, Russia Agrees to Try to Talk Qaddafi into Leaving’, New York Times, 27 May 2011.
8. Vladimir Ryzhkov, ‘Why Putin Created All-Russia People’s Front’, Moscow Times, 11 May 2011.
9. Mark Franchetti, ‘Putin in Face-Off with his Kremlin Protégé’, Sunday Times, 22 May 2011.
CHAPTER 18: THE RETURN OF THE CHIEF
1. Ellen Barry, ‘New U.S. Envoy Steps into Glare of a Russia Eager to Find Fault’, New York Times, 23 January 2012.
2. Leon Aron, ‘Putinology’, The American Interest, col. 11 (1), 30 July 2015.
3. Anton Barbashin and Hannah Thoburn, ‘Putin’s Philosopher’, Foreign Affairs, 20 September 2015.
4. Ivan Nechepurenko, ‘The World’s a Stage: What the Tannhäuser Scandal Reveals about Russia Today’, The Calvert Journal, 29 April 2015.
5. Hillary Rodham Clinton, Hard Choices: A Memoir (London: Simon & Schuster, 2014), p. 209.
6. Ibid.
7. Helene Cooper, ‘Face to Face, Obama Tries to Persuade Putin on Syria’, New York Times, 18 June 2012.
8. (2012, 6 September). [Online]. (URL http://www.npr.org/2012/09/06/160713941/transcript-president-obamas-convention-speech). (Accessed 3 October 2016).
CHAPTER 19: UKRAINE
1. Askold Krushelnycky, ‘Neverland Was Never This Vulgar’, Sunday Times, 23 February 2014.
2. Interview with author, January 2016.
3. Interview with author, Moscow, January 2016.
4. Bojan Pancevski and Matthew Campbell, ‘Dithering EU Sowed Seeds of Disaster by Sticking to the Rules’, Sunday Times, 4 May 2014.
5. Henry Kissinger, ‘To Settle the Ukraine Crisis Start at the End’, Washington Post, 5 March 2014.
CHAPTER 20: A PIECE OF PARADISE
1. Roderic Lyne, ‘Reading Russia, Rewiring the West’, Open Democracy, 12 October 2008.
2. Daniel Treisman, ‘Why Putin Took Crimea’, Foreign Affairs, May/June 2016.
3. Interview with author, January 2016.
4. Bojan Pancevski, ‘Putin’s Anti-Gay Tirade Ends pas de deux with Merkel’, Sunday Times, 30 November 2014.
5. Neil MacFarquhar, ‘For Many, a Nation that Seems Less Free From Moscow’s Dominance than Ever’, New York Times, 22 September 2014.
6. Andrew E. Kramer, ‘A Bleak Future in Eastern Ukraine’s Frozen Zone’, New York Times, 10 November 2015.
7. International Partnership for Human Rights, ‘Where Did the Shells Come From?’ June 2016.
CHAPTER 21: ‘YOU DO IT TOO’
1. Benjamin Bidder, ‘Paid as a Pro-Kremlin Troll: “The Hatred Spills over into the Real World”’, Spiegel Online, 1 June 2015. Retrieved from http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/interview-with-ex-russian-internet-troll-lyudmila-savchuk-a-1036539.html. (Accessed 17 October 2016).
2. Interview with author, January 2016.
3. Roman Skaskiw, ‘Nine Lessons of Russian Propaganda’, Small Wars Journal, 27 March 2016.
4. Peter Pomerantsev, ‘Why We’re Post-Fact’, Granta, 20 July, 2016. Retrieved from https://granta.com/why-were-post-fact/. (Accessed 19 October 2016).
5. Angus Roxburgh, The Strongman: Vladimir Putin and the Struggle for Russia (London: I. B. Tauris, 2012), p. 190.
6. Andrew Gilligan, ‘Stop the War Linked to Putin Puppets’, The Times, 16 October 2016.
7. Anne Applebaum, ‘Authoritarianism’s Fellow Travelers’, Slate, 16 October 2015.
8. Valery Gerasimov, ‘The Value of Science is in the Foresight: New Challenges Demand Rethinking the Forms and Methods of Carrying out Combat Operations’, Military-Industrial Courier, 27 February 2013.
9. Orysia Lutsevych, ‘Agents of the Russian World Proxy Groups in the Contested Neighbourhood’, Chatham House, April 2016.
10. Melanie Amann and Pavel Lokshin, ‘Moscow’s Fifth Column: German Populists Forge Ties with Russia’, Spiegel Online, 27 April 2016. Retrieved from http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/german-populists-forge-deeperties-with-russia-a-1089562.html. (Accessed 17 October 2016).
11. Anne Applebaum and Edward Lucas, ‘The Danger of Russian Disinformation’, Washington Post, 6 May 2016.
12. Michael McFaul, ‘How to Counter the Putin Playbook’, New York Times, 30 July 2016.
CHAPTER 22: TOWARDS EURASIA
1. Maria Tsvetkova, ‘Russia, Despite Draw Down, Shipping More to Syria than Removing’, Reuters, 30 March 2016.
2. Andrew E. Kramer, ‘Ukraine Struggles to Shake Off Legacy of Corruption’, New York Times, 6 June 2016.
3. Interview with author, June 2016.
4. Shaun Walker, ‘What Russia Thinks of Brexit – and How it Could Gain from a Fractured Europe’, Guardian, 11 July 2016.
CHAPTER 23: THE SIBERIAN CANDIDATE
1. Aleksandr Minkin, ‘Twenty-Five Years of Imprisonment’, Moskovsky Komsomolets, 18 August 2016.
2. Mark Bennetts, ‘Putin U-Turn on Celebration of KGB’s Defeat’, The Times, 19 August 2016.
3. Kara-Murza, Vladimir (2016). ‘Russia’s 2016 Election: Despair, Apathy and Hope?’ [Online]. (URL http://www.worldaffairsjournal.org/blog/vladimir-kara-murza/russia%E2%80%99s-2016-election-despair-apathy%E2%80%94and-hope). World Affairs Journal. (Accessed 26 September 2016).
4. Jeffrey Goldberg, ‘Hillary Clinton: “Failure” to Help Syrian Rebels Led to the Rise of ISIS’, The Atlantic, 10 August 2014.
5. Mary Jordan, ‘Anxious about Trump? Try Being a Foreign Ambassador’, Washington Post, 17 March 2016.
6. Michael Isikoff, ‘U.S. Intel Officials Probe Ties Between Trump Adviser and Kremlin’, Yahoo News, 23 September 2016. Retrieved from https://uk.news.yahoo.com/u-s-intel-officials-probe-ties-between-trump-adviser-and-kremlin-175046002.html. (Accessed 17 October 2016).
7. Ross Douthat, ‘Our Russia Problem’, New York Times, 10 September 2016.
EPILOGUE
1. Jeffrey Goldberg, ‘World Chaos and World Order: Conversations with Henry Kissinger’, The Atlantic, 10 Nov, 2016.