1 Personal Letters of Edward VII, Sewell, p.64
1 Alva Vanderbilt Belmont, Hoffert, p.45
2 Cited in Gilded Prostitution, Montgomery, p.144
3 Cited in Gilded Prostitution, Montgomery, p.137
4 Titled Americans, p.253
5 Harper’s Bazaar, July 1905
6 Harper’s Bazaar, July 1905
7 The Buccaneers, Wharton, p.83
8 The Glitter and the Gold, Balsan, p.32
9 Harper’s Magazine, November 1908
10 Harper’s Magazine, November 1908
11 The Buccaneers, Wharton, p.82
12 The Buccaneers, Wharton, p.82
13 The New York Times, 7 November 1895
14 The Glitter and the Gold, Balsan, p.32
15 Chicago Tribune, 21 July 1891
1 New York Tribune cited in They All Married Well, Elizabeth Eliot, p.85
2 Things I Remember, Martin, p.63
3 Things I Remember, Martin, p.63
4 Incredible New York, Morris, p.142
5 Incredible New York, Morris, p.142
6 Things I Remember, Martin, p.65
7 Things I Remember, Martin, p.63
8 Diary of a Union Lady, Daly, p.320
9 Charles P. Daly Papers, Maria Lydig Daly journal entry, 15 February 1866
10 The Best Circles, Davidoff, p.63
11 Society As I Have Found It, McAllister, p.245
12 The New York Times, 16 December 1894
1 Society As I Have Found It, McAllister, p.214
2 Society As I Have Found It, McAllister, p.215.
3 King Lehr, Drexel Lehr, p.11–12
4 Ward McAllister cited in Season of Splendor, King, p.116
5 Society As I Have Found It, Ward McAllister, p.223
6 King Lehr and the Gilded Age, Drexel Lehr, p.84
7 Society as I Have Found It, McAllister, p.127
8 King Lehr and the Gilded Age, Drexel Lehr, p.87
9 King Lehr and the Gilded Age, Drexel Lehr, p.87
10 New York Tribune, 24 March 1888
11 The New York Times, 14 January 1894
12 The New York Times, 14 January 1894
13 The New York Times, 1 February 1895
14 Fabric of Memory, Belmont, p.85
15 The New York Times, 4 November 1894
16 The New York Times, 2 December 1894
17 The New York Times, 2 December 1894
1 New York World, 16 January 1895
2 Cited in Alva Vanderbilt Belmont, Hoffert, p.5
3 Cited in Consuelo and Alva, MacKenzie Stuart, p.40
4 Fortune’s Children, Arthur T Vanderbilt, p.87
5 Cited in Consuelo and Alva, MacKenzie Stuart, p.19
6 Fortune’s Children, Arthur T Vanderbilt, p.87
7 Gilded, Davis, p.80
1 Cited in Consuelo and Alva, MacKenzie Stuart, p.105
2 Consuelo and Alva, MacKenzie Stuart, p.57
3 Consuelo and Alva, MacKenzie Stuart, p.57
4 Cited in A Season of Splendor, King, p.153
5 Cited in A Season of Splendor, King, p.130
6 Three million dollars was around seventy five million dollars in 2015
7 The Vanderbilts and the Story of their Fortune, Croffut, p.194
8 The New York Times, 27 March 1883
9 Cited in Consuelo and Alva, MacKenzie Stuart, p.62
10 The New York Times, 27 March 1883
11 The New York Times, 27 March 1883
12 The New York Times, 27 March 1883
13 King Lehr and the Gilded Age, Drexel Lehr, p.69
14 Cited in Incredible New York, Morris, p.253
1 Harper’s Magazine, November 1908
2 Town Topics, 25 July 1895
3 Vanity Fair, 6 July 1905
4 Harper’s Magazine, November 1908
5 Society in London cited in Gilded Prostitution, Montgomery, p.22
6 Cited in The Rise of the Plutocrats, Caplin, p.180
7 Cited in A Season of Splendor, King, p.378
8 Personal Letters of Edward VII, Sewell, p.63
9 The Washington Times, 6 March 1904
10 The House of Mirth, Wharton, p.39
11 The Decline and Fall of the British Aristocracy, Cannadine, p.347
12 Free Opinions, Freely Expressed, Corelli, p.100
13 Morning Post, 2 February 1895
14 Town Topics, 31 May 1894
1 Cited in They All Married Well, Eliot, p.207
2 Cited in They All Married Well, Eliot, p.207
3 Cosmopolitan, 1904,
4 Things I Remember, Martin, p.179
5 Harper’s Magazine, November 1908
6 The Evening Telegram, 19 March 1895
7 Cited in They all Married Well, Eliot, p.206
1 Cited in Consuelo and Alva, MacKenzie Stuart, p.43
2 The Age of Innocence, Wharton, p.34
3 The Glitter and the Gold, Balsan, p. 34
4 My Candid Recollections, Manchester, p.87
5 The Vanderbilt Women, Stasz, p.166
6 The New York Times, 23 July 1920
7 Cited in Consuelo, Brough, p. 58
8 The Glitter and the Gold, Balsan, p.35
9 Cited in Consuelo and Alva, MacKenzie Stuart, p.152
10 The Glitter and the Gold, Balsan, p.35
11 The Glitter and the Gold, Balsan, p.35
1 The Realm, 8 March 1895
2 Town Topics, March 1895
3 Cited in Mary Curzon, Nicholson, p.62
4 Cited in Informal Ambassadors, Cooper, p.94
5 Famous American Belles of the 19th Century, Peacock, p.270
6 Mary Curzon, Nicolson, p.28
7 Romantic Adventure, Elinor Glyn, p.51
8 Mary Curzon, Nicolson, p.37
9 Mary Curzon, Nicolson, p.37
10 Sheffield Daily Telegraph, 11 July 1890
11 Mary Curzon, Nicolson, p.38
12 Curzon, Gilmour, p.100
13 Cited in Curzon, Gilmour, p.109
14 Mary Curzon, Nicolson, p.40
15 Cited in Curzon, Gilmour, p.107
16 Chicago Daily Tribune, 26 May 1891
17 To Marry an English Lord, MacColl/Wallace, p.115
18 Cited in To Marry an English Lord, MacColl/Wallace, p.114
19 Cited in Curzon, Gilmour, p. 113
20 American Belles of the 19th Century, Peacock, p.266
21 Titled Americans, p.254
1 The Times, 12 March 1895
2 Town Topics, 14 March 1895
3 Cited in Age of Worth, Saunders, p.182
4 Age of Worth, Saunders, p.194
5 Harper’s Magazine cited in Gilded Prostitution, Montgomery, p.142
6 $20,000 is around $500,000 in today’s money
7 The Glitter and the Gold, Balsan, p.31–32
8 The Glitter and the Gold, Balsan, p.32
9 The Glitter and the Gold, Balsan, p.32
10 Romantic Adventure, Glyn, p.208
11 Cited in Consuelo, Brough, p.65
12 The Glitter and the Gold, Balsan, p.33
13 Cited in Lily, Duchess of Marlborough, Svenson, p.229
14 The Glitter and the Gold, Balsan, p.35
15 The Glitter and the Gold, Balsan, p.35
16 The Glitter and the Gold, Balsan, p.35
1 Things I Remember, Martin, p.181
2 Letter from Jennie Jerome to Lord Randolph Churchill, March 1874, Churchill Archives, CHAR 28/94/106-108
3 The New York Times, 7 August 1907
4 Strange to Say, Mrs Carter H Harrison cited in Plantation Life on the Mississippi, Clement, p.132
5 Duke of Manchester diary entries cited in In a Gilded Cage, Fowler, p.16
6 The New York Times, 23 May 1876
7 Free Opinions Freely Expressed, Corelli, p.119
8 Cited in In a Gilded Cage, Fowler, p.27
9 Cited in In a Gilded Cage, Fowler, p.25
10 Affair of State, Vane, p.101
11 The Days I Knew, Langtry, p.50
12 Dundee Evening Telegraph, 8 July 1878
13 Queen Victoria’s Journal, Vol 75, 7 October 1881, p.77
14 Cited in In a Gilded Cage, Fowler, p.32
15 Cited in They All Married Well, Eliot, p.90
16 Things I Remember, Martin, p.181
17 Letter from Consuelo Manchester to Kim, undated, Manchester Collection, M2/114/14
18 Letter from Consuelo Manchester to Kim, 25 December 1886, Manchester Collection, MII/114
19 Cincinnati Enquirer, 23 March 1890
20 Cited in Affair of State, Vane, p.186
21 My Candid Recollections, Manchester, p.26
22 Town Topics, 21 March 1895
23 Town Topics, 21 March 1895
24 Town Topics, 11 April 1895
25 Town Topics, 12 July 1894
26 Cited in Consuelo and Alva, MacKenzie Stuart, p.109
27 Cited in Consuelo and Alva, MacKenzie Stuart, p.109
1 Around two million dollars in today’s money
2 The New York Times, 2 April 1895
3 The New York Times, 28 March 1895
4 The New York Times, 22 November 1891
5 The New York Times, 22 November 1891
6 Town Topics, 1 February 1894
7 Sunday Herald, 27 July 1890
8 The Age of Innocence, Wharton, p.60
9 The New York Times, 21 June 1885
10 Cited in Edith Wharton, Auchincloss, p.44
11 Cited in No Gifts from Chance, Benstock, p.46
12 Romantic Adventure, Hardwick, p.56
13 Romantic Adventure, Hardwick, p.56
14 Things I Remember, Martin, p.228
1 Cited in Great Hostesses, Masters, p.109
2 New York Herald, 18 April 1895
3 Town Topics, April 1895
4 The Title-Mart, Churchill, Act Three
5 Cited in Emerald and Nancy, Fielding, p.6
6 Cited in Emerald and Nancy, Fielding, p.2
7 Emerald and Nancy, Fielding, p.2
8 Great Hostesses, Masters, p.112
9 Two million dollars is around fifty eight million dollars in today’s money
10 Emerald and Nancy, Fielding, p.1
11 Great Hostesses, Masters, p.113
12 Letters, Moore, p.13
13 Town Topics, 28 June 1894
14 Letters, Moore, p.34
15 Things I Remember, Martin, p.175
1 Personal Letters of Edward VII, Sewell, p.31
2 Personal Letters of Edward VII, Sewell, p.57
3 Things I Remember, Martin, p.175
4 Things I Remember, Martin, p.175
5 Free Opinions Freely Expressed, Corelli, p.122
6 They all Married Well, Eliot, p.88
7 They all Married Well, Eliot, p.88
8 Paget Papers, Letter from Prince Leopold to Minnie, dated early Spring 1878
9 Paget papers, Letter from Prince Leopold to Minnie, 9 June 1878
10 The House of Mirth, Wharton, p.87
11 Cited in Warren House Tales, Good, p.103
12 Cited in Things I Remember, Martin, p.176
13 Paget Papers, Letter from Prince Leopold to Minnie, 7 June 1878
14 Cited in Personal Letters of Edward VII, Sewell, p.61
15 Paget Papers, Letter from Prince Leopold to Minnie, 21 June 1878
16 Paget papers, Letter from Prince Leopold to Minnie, Undated but written between 1878-1882
17 The New York Times, 30 July 1878
18 The New York Times, 30 July 1878
19 Harper’s Magazine, November 1908
20 Them and Us, Jennings, p.44
1 Letter from Winston Churchill to Lady Randolph Churchill, 2 May 1895, Churchill Archives, CHAR 28/21/31-33
2 Lord William Beresford, Menzies, p.vi of Introduction
3 Lord William Beresford, Menzies, p.vii of Introduction
4 Cited in In a Gilded Cage, Fowler, p.77
5 The Brooklyn Eagle, 6 May 1888
6 The Title Mart, Act 1
7 Cited in The Churchills: In Love and War, Lovell, p.103
8 Cited in Lily, Duchess of Marlborough, Svenson, p.99
9 Cosmopolitan, September 1890
10 Cited in To Marry an English Lord, MacColl/Wallace, p.130
11 Cited in Them and Us, Jennings, p.52
12 Cited in Them and Us, Jennings, p.90
1 My Candid Recollections, Manchester, p.75
2 Queen Alexandra, Trowbridge, p.199
3 The Buccaneers, Wharton, p.256
4 Cited in The Best Circles, Davidoff, p.54
5 Cited in They All Married Well, Eliot, p.94
6 Cited in The Best Circles, Davidoff, p.63
7 The Best Circles, Davidoff, p.50
8 Harper’s Magazine, November 1908
1 £95,000 in 1895 is around ten million pounds in today’s money
2 Two thousand pounds in 1895 is around £200,000 in today’s money
3 St Louis Post, 6 May 1888
4 San Francisco Chronicle, 15 March 1890
5 New York World, 16 March 1890
6 In a Gilded Cage, Fowler, p.40-41
7 Bertie, Ridley, p.268
8 Affair of State, Vane, p.188
9 Cited in In a Gilded Cage, Fowler, p.65
10 Cited in In a Gilded Cage, Fowler, p.47
11 The Buccaneers, Wharton, p.251
1 The Glitter and the Gold, Balsan, p. 38
2 The Glitter and the Gold, Balsan, p.38
3 The Glitter and the Gold, Balsan, p.39
4 Cited in Old World, New World, Burk, p.746
5 The Rise of the Plutocrats, Caplin, p.30
6 The Vanderbilt Legend, Andrews, p.286
7 Harper’s magazine, November 1908
8 The Dollar Princess, Act 2,
9 The Baltimore American, 11 March 1895
1 Whitney Father, Whitney Heiress, Swanberg, p.121
2 Whitney Father, Whitney Heiress, Swanberg, p.80
3 Kansas City Star, 9 August 1894
4 Boston Herald, 25 July 1895
5 Cited in Whitney Father, Whitney Heiress, Swanberg, p.123
6 Cited in Whitney Father, Whitney Heiress, Swanberg, p.124
7 The Fabric of Memory, Belmont, p.82
8 Cited in Gilded City, Davis, p.38
9 King Lehr and the Gilded Age, Drexel Lehr, p.113
10 Cited in Great Hostesses, Masters, p.63
11 Cited in Gilded City, Davis, p.51
12 Town Topics, 15 August 1895
1 Daily Telegraph, 5 August 1895
2 Daily Telegraph, 5 August 1895
3 The Times, 7 August 1895
4 The Times, 7 August 1895
5 Cited in Royalty and Diplomacy in Europe, McLean, p.86
6 Cited in Royalty and Diplomacy in Europe, McLean, p.86
7 Cited in Bertie, Ridley, p.317
8 Cited in Royalty and Diplomacy in Europe, McLean, p.86
9 Cited in Daisy, Princess of Pless, Koch, p.49
10 Cited in Gilded Prostitution, Montgomery, p.77
1 Cited in Great Hostesses, Masters, p.62
2 Approximately $280 million in today’s money
3 Outres mer, Bourget, p.45
4 Town Topics, 8 August 1895
5 Town Topics, 8 August 1895
6 Town Topics, 29 August 1895
7 Town Topics, 29 August 1895
8 Town Topics, 11 July 1895
9 The Glitter and the Gold, Balsan, p.39
10 The Glitter and the Gold, Balsan, p.39
11 The Glitter and the Gold, Balsan, p.40
12 The Glitter and the Gold, Balsan, p.40
1 Town Topics, 7 November 1895
2 Cited in Old World, New World, Burk, p.529
3 220 million dollars in 1895 is around six billion dollars in today’s money
4 Washington Post, 26 January 1908
5 Fifteen million dollars in 1895 is around 400 millions dollars in today’s money
6 Town Topics, 7 November 1895
7 Town Topics, 5 September 1895
1 The Glitter and the Gold, Balsan, p.45
2 The Glitter and the Gold, Balsan, p.45
3 The New York Times, 7 November, 1895
4 The Glitter and the Gold, Balsan, p.45
5 Cited in Consuelo and Alva, MacKenzie Stuart, p. 145
6 The New York Times, 7 November 1895
7 The Times, 7 November 1895
8 World, 7 November 1895
9 World, 7 November 1895
10 World, 7 November 1895
11 The New York Times, 7 November 1895
12 The New York Times, 7 November 1895
13 The New York Times, 7 November 1895
14 The Glitter and the Gold, Balsan, p.46
15 The New York Times, 25 November 1926
16 The Glitter and the Gold, Balsan, p.46
17 World, 7 November 1895
18 The Times, 7 November 1895
19 The Times, 7 November 1895
20 The New York Times, 7 November 1895
21 The Glitter and the Gold, Balsan, p.46
1 Town Topics, 10 May 1894
2 New York World, January 1904
3 Things I Remember, Martin, p.181
4 Turn of the World, Decies, p.252
5 The New York Times, 11 November 1894
6 The New York Times, 7 April 1907
1 Things I Remember, Martin, p.176
2 Things I Remember, Martin, p.176
3 Things I Remember, Martin, p.176
4 The Sunday Herald, 9 February 1896
5 One million dollars would be around 29 million dollars in today’s money
6 Paget papers, Letter from Queen Alexandra to Minnie
7 Cited in Edith Wharton, Lee, p.724
8 Indianapolis Star, 24 August 1903
9 Indianapolis Star, 24 August 1903
10 King Lehr and the Gilded Age, Drexel Lehr, p.285
11 King Lehr and the Gilded Age, Drexel Lehr, p.286
12 Cited in In a Gilded Cage, Fowler, p.69
13 The New York Times, 7 August 1907
14 The New York Times, 7 August 1907
15 The New York Times, 7 August 1907
16 Montagu Family papers, Huntingdon Archives
17 The Glitter and the Gold, Balsan, p.158
18 Cited in Consuelo and Alva, MacKenzie Stuart, p.271
19 Cited in Consuelo and Alva, MacKenzie Stuart, p.420
20 Cited in Emerald and Nancy, Fielding, p.120
21 The Glitter and the Gold, Balsan, p.147
22 Cited in The Marrying Americans, Pearson, p.112
23 Letter from George Curzon to Lady Randolph Churchill, 21 July 1906, Churchill Archive, CHAR 28/78/46
24 Cited in Harper’s Magazine, November 1908