* Eyewitness account as Fulcher lived in Jerusalem 1100–28. See map p. 313.

* Dome of the Rock.

For the building history of the Holy Sepulchre, see M. Biddle, The Tomb of Christ (Sutton, 1999).

This description of the Dome of the Rock was clearly written in 1115.

* The al-Aqsa mosque; Baldwin I stripped its roof of lead to sell.

Emperor Hadrian, AD 117–38.

* Actually 7 June; for the siege see map opposite.

13 June; this account is mainly from the Provençal perspective at Mount Sion.

The Genoese fleet and others at Jaffa.

* Perhaps from Egypt.

A Burgundian castellan.

* 9 July 1099.

10–12 July 1099.

13–14 July 1099.

§ Probably on 8 July 1099.

15 July 1099.

** The al-Aqsa mosque on the Temple Mount.

* See map p. 313.

The Jaffa Gate.

Gaston IV, viscount of Béarn in the foothills of the Pyrenees.

* See map p. 313.

* 12 June; the first attack 13 June 1099.

Psalms 107:33–4.

South-east corner of Jerusalem: see map p. 313.

* 18 June 1099; Geldemar Carpinel was an ally of Godfrey of Bouillon, who gave him Haifa in 1100; William, lord of Sabran, was a Provençal follower of Count Raymond.

* 6 June 1099.

* Clearly, in Raymond’s narrative, he has taken the place left by Peter Bartholomew; perhaps less dangerous, being a priest.

* The procession occurred 8 July 1099.

William Embriaco and his brother Hugh commanded Genoese galleys; machines began to be built 15 June 1099.

* Perhaps 9 July 1099.

* The ships had foundered or been scuttled 18–19 June 1099. The wooden equipment, not least masts for artillery-throwing missiles, proved crucial.

The attack began 14 July 1099.

* 15 July 1099.

* See map p. 313, to show how this could have worked.

This passage is based on Revelation 14:20.

* Psalms 118:24.

* For scrofae and petrariae, see above, p. 115n; fundibula were slings. Sieges often turned on the use of artillery and other engines; Antioch was an exception.

15 July 1099.

* Black Nubians provided a significant element in the Egyptian army.

The details are Fulcher’s own.

* From Ovid, Metamorphoses, VII. 585–6.

* 17–18 July 1099.

In Calabria.

* Arnulf of Chocques’s election 1 August 1099, perhaps deliberately exactly one year after the death of Adhemar of Le Puy.

5 August 1099; a very convenient find, especially in the light of the previous controversies over relics.

* Godfrey left to scout 9 August; the main body moved towards Ascalon on 11 August; the battle was fought on 12 August 1099; Raymond later carried the lance on the crusade of 1101.

* 22 July 1099.

* 1 August 1099.

Arnulf, bishop of Martirano in southern Italy.

9 August 1099.

* Probably the Holy Sepulchre, although the Franks usually called the Dome of the Rock the Temple of the Lord.

12 August 1099.

* A slightly ambiguous phrase (regni principem) that matched a disagreement over authority between Godfrey and the Church led by Daimbert of Pisa as patriarch of Jerusalem in 1100.

* Characteristically, Fulcher ignores the bitter dispute following the election of Arnulf of Chocques as patriarch and his subsequent deposition in favour of Archbishop Daimbert of Pisa.

Raymond of Aguilers talks instead of the Holy Lance: see above, p. 338.

* 11 August 1099.

* Revelation 21:19–20.

Psalms 124:6, 33:12.

* Palm-leaves from Jericho, the northernmost tropical oasis, were brought home by pilgrims as evidence of the completion of their pilgrimage; hence the nickname ‘palmers’.

Elvira of León and Castile.

Again Fulcher sidesteps an ugly confrontation between the leaders at Latakiah in August 1099.