Chronology

1095	1–7 March: Council of Piacenza
	July: arrival of Pope Urban II in France
	15 August: Pope Urban at Le Puy
	18–28 November: Council of Clermont
	27 November: crusade proclaimed by Pope Urban II
	December: Peter the Hermit begins to preach the Cross
	First outbreaks of persecution of Jews in France
1096	23 December–6 January: Pope Urban preaches the Cross at Limoges
	6–12 January: Pope Urban preaches the Cross at Angers
	11 February: King Philip of France confers on crusade with Hugh of Vermandois and the French magnates in Paris
	c.1 March: Walter SansAvoir leaves for east
	8 March: Peter the Hermit begins journey
	16–22 March: synod at Tours at which Pope Urban presides over a ceremony of taking the Cross
	Early April: Peter the Hermit at Trier
	12–19 April: Peter the Hermit at Cologne
	3 May: Emich of Flonheim’s forces begin massacre of Jews at Speyer
	18–20 May: Emich’s followers massacre Jews at Worms
	21 May: Walter SansAvoir enters Hungary
	23 May: Jews at Regensburg forcibly baptised, probably by Peter the Hermit’s followers
	25–9 May: the destruction of the Jewish community at Mainz by Emich’s forces
	29 May: pogrom at Cologne begins
	30 May: persecution of Jews at Prague, probably by followers of Folkmar
	June: massacre of Jews around Cologne continues and is extended to Trier and Metz
	End of June: Folkmar’s army destroyed at Nitra
	c.1 July: Gottschalk’s army surrenders to the Hungarians at Pannonhalma
	c.3–4 July: Peter the Hermit’s army mauled at Nish
	6–14 July: Cross preached by Pope Urban at the Council of Nîmes
	c.20 July: Walter SansAvoir reaches Constantinople
	1 August: Peter the Hermit reaches Constantinople
	6–7 August: Peter the Hermit and Walter SansAvoir cross Bosporus
	c.11 August: crusaders reach Cibotus
	c.15 August: flight of Emich of Flonheim’s forces from Wieselburg
	mid-August: Godfrey of Bouillon leaves for east
	September: Bohemund of Taranto and Tancred take Cross
	September–October: Robert of Normandy, Robert of Flanders and Stephen of Blois leave for east
	c.24 September: Italian and German crusaders establish base close to Nicaea
	29 September: defeat and destruction of Italian and German crusaders
	October: Hugh of Vermandois crosses Adriatic
	21 October: remaining crusaders in Asia Minor defeated
	c.26 October: Bohemund of Taranto leaves Italy
	November: Hugh of Vermandois reaches Constantinople
	23 December: Godfrey of Bouillon reaches Constantinople
1097	December–January: Raymond of St Gilles and Adhemar of Le Puy cross Dalmatia
	c.20 February: Godfrey of Bouillon’s force crosses Bosporus
	c.10 April: Bohemund of Taranto reaches Constantinople
	26 April: Bohemund’s force crosses Bosporus
	c.27 April: Raymond of St Gilles reaches Constantinople
	6 May: Godfrey of Bouillon, Tancred, Robert of Flanders and Hugh of Vermandois arrive before Nicaea
	14–28 May: Robert of Normandy and Stephen of Blois at Constantinople
	16 May: Raymond of St Gilles reaches Nicaea
	3 June: Robert of Normandy and Stephen of Blois reach Nicaea
	19 June: surrender of Nicaea to the Greeks
	26–9 June: departure of crusaders
	1 July: battle of Dorylaeum
	c.15 August: crusaders reach Iconium
	c.10 September: crusaders reach Heraclea and defeat a Turkish army
	c.14 September: Tancred and Baldwin of Boulogne leave for Cilicia
	c.21 September: Tancred and Baldwin take Tarsus
	c.27 September: main body of crusade reaches Caesarea
	September–October: Tancred takes Adana and Misis
	5–6 October: main body of crusade reaches Coxon
	c.13 October: main body of crusade reaches Marash
	c.15 October: Baldwin of Boulogne rejoins main army
	c.17 October: Baldwin leaves main army
	20–2 October: crusaders arrive before Antioch
	c.17 November: Genoese fleet reaches St Simeon
	30 December: earthquake at Antioch
1098	c.20 January: attempted flight of Peter the Hermit and William the Carpenter
	20 February: arrival of Baldwin of Boulogne at Edessa
	5 March: decision to construct siege castle of La Mahomerie before Antioch
	10 March: Baldwin of Boulogne takes over government of Edessa
	Before 29 March: Stephen of Blois elected commander-in-chief
	2 June: Stephen of Blois leaves Antioch
	3 June: Antioch taken by the crusaders
	4–5 June: Kerboga’s army begins to arrive before Antioch
	10–11 June: night of panic among the crusaders and flight
	11 June: visions of Stephen of Valence and Peter Bartholomew reported
	14 June: discovery of the Holy Lance
	c.20 June: Emperor Alexius hears erroneous reports of the situation in Antioch and decides to withdraw from Akshehir
	27 June: embassy of Peter the Hermit to Kerboga
	28 June: battle of Antioch
	July–after 15 August: Raymond Pilet’s expedition
	July: al-Afdal captures Jerusalem from the Ortuqids
	1 August: death of Adhemar of Le Puy
	c.25 September: Raymond of St Gilles establishes Latin bishopric at al-Bara
	27 November: investment of Ma’arrat al-Numan
	11–12 December: fall and sack of Ma’arrat al-Numan
1099	c.4 January: conference in the Ruj at which Raymond of St Gilles proposes to take the other leaders into his service for pay
	c.5 January: Raymond of St Gilles’s followers dismantle the walls of Ma’arrat al-Numan
	13 January: Raymond of St Gilles departs for the south
	14 January: Robert of Normandy joins Raymond of St Gilles
	2 February: remaining crusaders in Antioch decide to assemble at Latakiah
	c.14 February: Raymond of St Gilles reaches Arqah
	c.25 February: death of Anselm of Ribemont
	c.14 March: Godfrey of Bouillon and Robert of Flanders join siege of Arqah
	8 April: Peter Bartholomew undergoes ordeal
	20 April: death of Peter Bartholomew
	13 May: siege of Arqah raised
	19 May: crusade reaches Beirut
	23 May: crusade passes Tyre
	3–6 June: crusaders at Ramleh; Latin bishopric of Ramleh-Lydda established
	6 June: Tancred takes Bethlehem
	7 June: crusaders arrive before Jerusalem
	8 July: procession round Jerusalem
	15 July: Jerusalem taken
	22 July: election of Godfrey of Bouillon as ruler of Jerusalem
	29 July: death of Pope Urban II
	1 August: election of Arnulf of Chocques as Latin patriarch of Jerusalem
	5 August: discovery of the True Cross
	12 August: battle of Ascalon
	End of August: bulk of crusaders leave for home
	c.1 December: Pope Paschal II threatens to excommunicate crusaders who have not yet fulfilled their vows, and calls for aid for the Christians in Palestine*