1. See George Mlakuzhyil, The Christocentric Literary Structure of the Fourth Gospel (Rome: Pontifical Biblical Institute, 1987), 117.
2. Parsenios, Departure and Consolation, 7.
3. See Aelred Lacomara, “Deuteronomy and the Farewell Discourse (Jn 13:31–16:33),” CBQ 36 (1974): 65–84.
4. Brown, John, 2:598.
5. Cf. Fernando F. Segovia, The Farewell of the Word: The Johannine Call to Abide (Minneapolis: Fortress, 1991), 2–20.
6. Ashton, Understanding the Fourth Gospel, 445.
7. Parsenios, Departure and Consolation, 12.
8. Ibid., 13.
9. P. E. Easterling, “From Repertoire to Canon,” in The Cambridge Companion to Greek Tragedy, ed. P. E. Easterling (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997), 226, refers to their frequent and underlying use of dramatic techniques as “the theatricalization of ancient culture.”
10. This term is taken from W. D. Davies, “Reflections on Aspects of the Jewish Background of the Gospel of John,” in Exploring the Gospel of John: In Honor of D. Moody Smith, ed. R. Alan Culpepper and C. Clifton Black (Louisville: Westminster John Knox, 1996), 43–64.
11. This is adapted from Paul A. Holloway, “Left Behind: Jesus’s Consolation of His Disciples in John 13,31–17,26,” ZNW 96 (2005): 1–34.
12. Ibid., 21–33.
13. L. Scott Kellum, The Unity of the Farewell Discourse: The Literary Integrity of John 13:31–16:33, JSNTSup 256 (London: T&T Clark, 2004).
14. The logic for a prologue and epilogue framing the discourse proper is not merely the question of where Jesus is going and the affirmation of where he is from (13:31 and 16:28) but also the reaction of Jesus to Peter and to the disciples alike regarding betrayal or abandonment (13:38 and 16:32). See John L. Boyle, “The Last Discourse (Jn 13,31–16,33) and Prayer (Jn 17): Some Observations on Their Unity and Development,” Bib 56 (1975): 210–22.
15. Cf. Ashton, Understanding the Fourth Gospel, 456.
16. Cf. Daniel B. Stevick, Jesus and His Own: A Commentary on John 13–17 (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2011), 88.
17. Cf. Rekha M. Chennattu, Johannine Discipleship as a Covenant Relationship (Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 2006).
18. Mary L. Coloe, “Welcome into the Household of God: The Foot Washing in John 13,” CBQ 66 (2004): 400–415.
19. Francis J. Moloney, “The Function of John 13–17 within the Johannine Narrative,” in “What is John?” Volume II: Literary and Social Readings of the Fourth Gospel, ed. Fernando F. Segovia, SBLSymS 7 (Atlanta: Scholars, 1998), 43–66 (48).
20. David Gibson, “The Johannine Footwashing and the Death of Jesus: A Dialogue with Scholarship,” SBET 25 (2007): 50–60 (55).
21. See Hoskyns, Fourth Gospel, 436.
22. Moloney, John, 373. Cf. Augustine, John, 55.2.300.
23. John Christopher Thomas, Footwashing in John 13 and the Johannine Community, JSNTSup 61 (Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1991), 83.
24. Michaels, John, 723; Carson, John, 461–62.
25. Cf. Michaels, John, 724.
26. Ridderbos, John, 458–59.
27. Augustine, John, 55.7.301.
28. Cf. Carson, John, 462.
29. Thomas, Footwashing in John 13, 56.
30. Ibid., 88. Thomas claims that at most a peer might wash an equal’s feet, but never a superior.
31. See Coloe, “Welcome into the Household of God,” 411–15. Cf. Arland J. Hultgren, “The Johannine Footwashing (13.1–11) as Symbol of Eschatological Hospitality,” NTS 28 (1982): 539–46.
32. See Mark Thiessen Nation, “Washing Feet: Preparation for Service,” in The Blackwell Companion to Christian Ethics, ed. Stanley Hauerwas and Samuel Wells (Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2004), 441–51.
33. Thomas, Footwashing in John 13, 59.
34. See Ibid., 11–17.
35. Downing, “Ambiguity, Ancient Semantics, and Faith,” 146.
36. Gibson, “The Johannine Footwashing and the Death of Jesus,” 53.
37. Augustine, John, 56.1.301.
38. Michaels, John, 727.
39. See Wallace, Greek Grammar, 468, who interprets this negation to rule out “even the idea as being a possibility.”
40. See John Christopher Thomas, “A Note on the Text of John 13:10,” NovT 29 (1982): 46–52; cf. Metzger, Textual Commentary, 204.
41. See Thomas, Footwashing in John 13, 97–106.
42. Cf. Michaels, John, 731.
43. This need not be a reference to water baptism, as several interpreters suggest, but to the cosmological bath received through the death of Christ for the forgiveness of sins (1 John 1:7–9; Rev 1:5; 5:9; 19:13).
44. The following is adapted from Ruth B. Edwards, “The Christological Basis of the Johannine Footwashing,” in Jesus of Nazareth: Lord and Christ: Essays on the Historical Jesus and New Testament Christology, ed. Joel B. Green and Max Turner (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1994), 367–83. Cf. Georg Richter, Die Fusswaschung in Johannesevangelium (Regensburg: Pustet, 1967).
45. Ridderbos, John, 462.
46. Thomas, Footwashing in John 13, 105.
47. Carson, John, 465–66.
48. Calvin, John 11–21, 59.
49. See Allen Edgington, “Footwashing as an Ordinance,” GTJ 6 (1985): 425–34.
50. See Frank D. Macchia, “Is Footwashing the Neglected Sacrament? A Theological Response to John Christopher Thomas,” Pneuma 19 (1997): 239–49.
51. Richard Bauckham, “Did Jesus Wash His Disciples’ Feet?,” in Testimony of the Beloved Disciple, 191–206 (195).
52. J. A. T. Robinson, “The Significance of the Foot-Washing,” in Neotestamentica et Patristica, ed. W. C. van Unnik, NovTSup 6 (Leiden: Brill, 1962), 144–47.
53. Cf. Stevick, Jesus and His Own, 48.
54. Cf. Morris, John, 550.
55. BDAG 1037.
56. Ridderbos, John, 463.
57. Bultmann, John, 475.
58. Cf. Jerome H. Neyrey, “The Footwashing in John 13:6–11: Transformation Ritual or Ceremony?,” in The Social World of the First Christians: Essays in Honor of Wayne A. Meeks, ed. L. Michael White and O. Larry Yarbrough (Minneapolis: Fortress, 1995), 198–213.
59. See Michaels, John, 738.
60. Morris, John, 552.
61. Brown, John, 2:553.
62. Stevick, Jesus and His Own, 36.
63. Hoskyns, Fourth Gospel, 440.
64. See J. Ramsey Michaels, “Betrayal and the Betrayer: The Uses of Scripture in John 13.18–19,” in The Gospels and the Scriptures of Israel, ed. Craig A. Evans and W. Richard Stegner, JSNT 104/SSEJC 3 (Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1994), 459–74.
65. Michaels, John, 744.
66. Calvin, John 11–21, 57.