Central Intelligence Agency
Clandestine Service History, Unnumbered, “Office of Policy Coordination, 1948–1952,” (cover page, w/author NA), no date (declassified February 2005; the identical paper with very slight changes to the introduction appeared as an article in Studies in Intelligence, v. 17, no. 2-S, Summer 1973; declassified Apr 21, 2006; Section II, on “Enabling Directives,” appears in the history but is entirely deleted in Studies. However the journal has an accompanying Ludwell Lee Montague paper that does not form part of the CSH).
CS HP 6. “The Hungarian Revolution and Planning for the Future, 23 October–4 November 1956, v. I (of II).” [author deleted], January 1958 (declassified March 2005; MORI 12003072, heavily redacted).
CSH 105. Record of Paramilitary Action Against the Castro Government of Cuba, 17 March 1960–May 1961,” Colonel J. Hawkins, May 5, 1961 (declassified HRP 1997, substantially complete).
CS HP 323. “The Clandestine Service Historical Series: Hungary, v. I: [deleted].” May 1972 (declassified March 2005, MORI 1200373; heavily redacted).
Darling, Arthur B. The Central Intelligence Agency: An Instrument of Government, to 1950. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1990.
Ford, Harold P. William E. Colby as Director of Central Intelligence, 1973–1976. Washington, D.C.: CIA/Center for the Study of Intelligence, 1993 (declassified 2013).
Garthoff, Douglas F. Directors of Central Intelligence as Leaders of the U.S. Intelligence Community, 1946–2005. Washington, D.C.: Potomac Books, 2007.
Hathaway, Robert M., and Russel Jack Smith. Richard Helms as Director of Central Intelligence, 1966–1973. Washington, D.C.: Center for the Study of Intelligence, 1993 (declassified 2014).
Jackson, Wayne G. Allen Welch Dulles as Director of Central Intelligence, 26 February 1953–29 November 1961. 4 vols. Washington, D.C.: CIA History Staff, 1973 (declassified 1994).
Montague, Ludwell Lee. Walter Bedell Smith as Director of Central Intelligence, October 1950–February 1953. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1992.
Pfeiffer, Jack B. Official History of the Bay of Pigs. 5 volumes. Washington, D.C.: CIA/History Staff, 1979–1984 (declassified 1998, 2011, 2016).
Robarge, David. John McCone as Director of Central Intelligence, 1961–1965. Washington, D.C.: CIA/Center for the Study of Intelligence, no date (declassified April 10, 2015).
Ruffner, Kevin C., ed. Forging an Intelligence Partnership: CIA and the Origins of the BND, 1945–1949: A Documentary History. 2 vols. Washington, D.C.: CIA History Staff/European Division, Directorate of Operations, 1999.
Steury, Donald P., ed. Sherman Kent and the Board of National Estimates: Collected Essays. Washington, D.C.: CIA History Staff/Center for the Study of Intelligence, 1994.
Warner, Michael, ed. CIA Cold War Records: The CIA Under Harry Truman. Washington, D.C.: Central Intelligence Agency, History Staff (CSI), 1994.
Studies in Intelligence.
Department of State
Foreign Relations of the United States (Series. Specific volumes are cited in Endnotes.)
McAllister, William B., Joshua Botts, Peter Cozzens, and Aaron W. Marrs. Toward “Thorough, Accurate, and Reliable”: A History of the Foreign Relations of the United States Series. Department of State: Office of the Historian, 2015.
National Archives and Records Administration
Breitman, Richard, and Norman J. W. Goda. Hitler’s Shadow: Nazi War Criminals, U.S. Intelligence, and the Cold War. Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, n.d.
United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence
U.S. Congress. Senate. Select Committee on Intelligence. Committee Study of the Central Intelligence Agency’s Detention and Interrogation Program, 2014.
———. Fact Check: Inaccurate and Misleading Assertions Related to the CIA Detention and Interrogation Program in the book, “Rebuttal: The CIA Responds to the Senate Intelligence Committee’s Study of Its Detention and Interrogation Program,” Vice Chairman Feinstein Staff Summary, September 9, 2015.
———. Report: Legislative Oversight of Intelligence Activities: The U.S. Experience, 103rd Cong., 2d sess., 1994. S. Prt. 103–88.
United States Senate Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities (94th Congress, 1st Session)
U.S. Congress. Senate. Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities. Interim Report: Alleged Assassination Plots Involving Foreign Leaders, 94th Cong., 1st sess., 1975.
———. Covert Operations, 94th Cong., 1st sess., 1976.
———. Detailed Staff Reports on Intelligence Activities, 94th Cong., 1st sess., 1976.
———. Foreign and Military Intelligence, v. 1, 94th Cong., 1st sess., 1976.
Books and Periodicals
Agee, Philip, and Louis Wolf. Dirty Work: The CIA in Western Europe. Secaucus, NJ: Lyle Stuart, 1978.
Allison, John M. Ambassador from the Prairie, or Allison Wonderland. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin, 1973.
Baer, Robert. See No Evil: The True Story of a Ground Soldier in the CIA’s War on Terrorism. New York: Crown Publishers, 2002.
Baker, Peter. Days of Fire: Bush and Cheney in the White House. New York: Doubleday, 2013.
Bearden, Milt, and James Risen. The Main Enemy: The Inside Story of the CIA’s Final Showdown with the KGB. New York: Random House, 2003.
Bell, P.M.H. The World Since 1945: An International History. London: Arnold, 2001.
Bergen, Peter. Manhunt: The Ten-Year Search for Bin Laden from 9/11 to Abbottabad. New York: Crown Publishers, 2012.
Berghahn, Volker R. America and the Intellectual Cold War in Europe. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2001.
Berntsen, Gary, and Ralph Pezzullo. Jawbreaker: The Attack on Bin Laden and Al Qaeda: A Personal Account by the CIA’s Key Field Commander. New York: Crown Publishers, 2005.
Bird, Kai. The Good Spy: The Life and Death of Robert Ames. New York: Crown Publishers, 2014.
Bissell, Jr., Richard M., with Jonathan E. Lewis and Francis T. Pudlo. Reflections of a Cold Warrior: From Yalta to the Bay of Pigs. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1996.
Blum, William. Killing Hope: U.S. Military and CIA Interventions since World War II. Monroe, ME: Common Courage Press, 2004.
Breckinridge, Scott D. CIA and the Cold War: A Memoir. Westport, CT: Praeger, 1993.
Cabell, Charles P. A Man of Intelligence: Memoirs of War, Peace, and the CIA. Colorado Springs, CO: Impa Vide Publications, 1997.
Carle, Glenn L. The Interrogator: An Education. New York: Nation Books, 2011.
Castro, Fidel, and José Ramón Fernandez. Playa Girón: Bay of Pigs, Washington’s First Military Defeat in the Americas. Edited by Steve Clark and Mary-Alice Waters. New York: Pathfinder Books, 2001.
Cavendish, Anthony. Inside Intelligence. Granta Magazine, no. 24 (1988).
Cline, Ray S. Secrets, Spies and Scholars: Blueprint of the Essential CIA. Washington, D.C.: Acropolis Books, 1976.
Coleman, Peter. The Liberal Conspiracy: The Congress for Cultural Freedom and the Struggle for the Mind of Postwar Europe. New York: Free Press, 1989.
Conboy, Kenneth, and James Morrison. Feet to the Fire: CIA’s Covert Operations in Indonesia, 1957–1958. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 1998.
Copeland, Miles. The Game of Nations: The Amorality of Power Politics. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1969.
———. The Game Player: Confessions of the CIA’s Original Political Operative. London: Aurum Press, 1989.
Corson, William R. The Armies of Ignorance: The Rise of the American Intelligence Empire. New York: The Dial Press, 1977.
Costanzo, Christopher D. My CIA: Memories of a Secret Career. North Charleston, SC: CreateSpace Independent Publishing, 2013.
Critchfield, James H. Partners at the Creation: The Men Behind Postwar Germany’s Defense and Intelligence Establishments. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 2003.
Crumpton, Henry A. The Art of Intelligence: Lessons from a Life in the CIA’s Clandestine Service. New York: Penguin Press, 2012.
Cullather, Nick. Secret History: The CIA’s Classified Account of its Operations in Guatemala, 1952–1954. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1999.
Cummings, Richard H. Cold War Radio: The Dangerous History of American Broadcasting in Europe, 1950–1989. Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2009.
Devine, Jack, with Vernon Loeb. Good Hunting: An American Spymaster’s Story. New York: Farrar, Strauss and Giroux, 2014.
Dreke, Victor. From Escambray to the Congo: In the Whirlwind of the Cuban Revolution: Interview with Victor Dreke. Edited by Mary-Alice Waters. New York: Pathfinder Books, 2002.
Drumheller, Tyler. On the Brink: An Insider’s Account of How the White House Compromised American Intelligence. With Elaine Monaghan. New York: Carroll and Graf, 2006.
Dulles, Allen. The Craft of Intelligence. New York: New American Library, 1965.
———. Germany’s Underground. New York: Macmillan, 1947.
———, ed. Great True Spy Stories. New York: Harper and Row, 1968.
———. The Secret Surrender. New York: Harper and Row, 1966.
Escalante, Fabián. The Secret War: CIA Covert Operations Against Cuba, 1959–1962. Melbourne, Aust.: Ocean Press, 1995.
Eveland, Wilbur Crane. Ropes of Sand: America’s Failure in the Middle East. New York: W.W. Norton, 1980.
Firth, Noel E., and James H. Noren. Soviet Defense Spending: A History of CIA Estimates, 1950–1990. College Station: Texas A&M Press, 1998.
Gerolymatos, André. Castles Made of Sand: A Century of Anglo-American Espionage and Intervention in the Middle East. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2010.
Gleijses, Piero. Shattered Hope: The Guatemalan Revolution and the United States, 1944–1954. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1992.
Gonzales, Alberto R. True Faith and Allegiance: A Story of Service and Sacrifice in War and Peace. Nashville, TN: Nelson Books, 2016.
Green, Fitzhugh. American Propaganda Abroad from Benjamin Franklin to Ronald Reagan. New York: Hippocrene Books, 1988.
Grenier, Robert L. 88 Days to Kandahar: A CIA Diary. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2015.
Grey, Stephen. Ghost Plane: The True Story of the CIA Torture Program. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2006.
———. The New Spy Masters: Inside the Modern World of Espionage from the Cold War to Global Terror. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2015.
Grose, Peter. Gentleman Spy: The Life of Allen Dulles. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin, 1994.
———. Operation Rollback: America’s Secret War Behind the Iron Curtain. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin, 2000.
Hagedorn, Dan, and Leif Hellström. Foreign Invaders: The Douglas Invader in Foreign Military and US Clandestine Service. Leicester, UK: Midland Publishing Limited, 1994.
Hagen, Louis. The Secret War for Europe: A Dossier of Espionage. New York: Stein and Day, 1968.
Harlow, Bill, ed. Rebuttal: The CIA Responds to the Senate Intelligence Committee’s Study of its Detention and Interrogation Program. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 2015.
Harvey, Barbara S. Permesta: Half A Rebellion. Cornell University: Modern Indonesia Project, Southeast Asia Program Monograph no. 57, 1977.
Hazard, Elizabeth W. Cold War Crucible: United States Foreign Policy and the Conflict in Romania, 1943–1953. Boulder, CO: East European Monographs, 1996.
Helms, Richard. A Look over My Shoulder: A Life in the Central Intelligence Agency. With William Hood. New York: Random House, 2003.
Hersh, Burton. The Old Boys: The American Elite and the Origins of the CIA. New York: Charles Scribners’ Sons, 1992.
Higgins, Trumbull. The Perfect Failure: Kennedy, Eisenhower, and the CIA at the Bay of Pigs. New York: W.W. Norton, 1987.
Hitz, Frederick. The Great Game: The Myths and Reality of Espionage. New York: Vintage Books, 2005.
Hoffman, David E. The Billion Dollar Spy: A True Story of Cold War Espionage and Betrayal. New York: Doubleday, 2015.
Immerman, Richard. The CIA in Guatemala. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1982.
Janney, Peter. Mary’s Mosaic: The CIA Conspiracy to Murder John F. Kennedy, Mary Pinchot Meyer, and their Vision for World Peace. New York: Skyhorse Publishing, 2015.
Johnson, Haynes. The Bay of Pigs: The Leaders’ Story of Brigade 2506. New York: Dell Books, 1964.
Johnson, Loch K. A Season of Inquiry: The Senate Intelligence Investigation. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1985.
Johnson, Ross. Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty: The CIA Years and Beyond. Washington, D.C.: Woodrow Wilson Center and Stanford University Press, 2010.
Jones, Seth G. Hunting in the Shadows: The Pursuit of Al Qa’ida Since 9/11. New York: W. W. Norton, 2012.
Kahin, Audrey R., and George McT. Kahin. Subversion as Foreign Policy: The Secret Eisenhower and Dulles Debacle in Indonesia. New York: The New Press, 1995.
Kessler, Ronald. Inside the CIA: Revealing the Secrets of the World’s Most Powerful Spy Agency. New York: Pocket Books, 1992.
Kinzer, Stephen. The Brothers: John Foster Dulles, Allen Dulles, and Their Secret World War. New York: Henry Holt, 2013.
Kirkpatrick, Lyman B., Jr. The Real CIA. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1968.
Korn, David A. Assassination in Khartoum. Bloomington: University of Indiana Press, 1993.
Kornbluh, Peter, ed. Bay of Pigs Declassified: The Secret CIA Report on the Invasion of Cuba. New York: The New Press, 1998.
———, ed. The Pinochet File: A Declassified osier on Atrocity and Accountability. New York: The New Press, 2004.
Langguth, A.J. Hidden Terrors. New York: Pantheon Books, 1978.
Lechuga, Carlos. Cuba and the Missile Crisis: The Dramatic Inside Story. Translated by Mary Todd. Melbourne, Aust.: Ocean Books, 2001.
Lukes, Igor. On the Edge of the Cold War: American Diplomats and Spies in Postwar Prague. New York: Oxford University Press, 2012.
Lulushi, Albert. Operation Valuable Fiend: The CIA’s First Paramilitary Strike Against the Iron Curtain. New York: Arcade Publishing, 2013.
Lynch, Grayston. Decision for Disaster: Betrayal at the Bay of Pigs. Washington, D.C.: Brassey’s, 1998.
Mahle, Melissa Boyle. Denial and Deception: An Insider’s View of the CIA from Iran-Contra to 9/11. New York: Nation Books, 2004.
Mangold, Tom. Cold Warrior: James Jesus Angleton: The CIA’s Master Spy Hunter. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1991.
Mayer, Jane. The Dark Side: The Inside Story of How the War on Terror turned into a War on American Ideals. New York: Doubleday, 2008.
Mazzetti, Mark. The Way of the Knife: The CIA, A Secret Army, and a War at the Ends of the Earth. New York: Penguin Press, 2013.
Mikelson, Sig. America’s Other Voice: The Story of Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty. New York: Praeger, 1983.
Mitchell, James E. Enhanced Interrogation: Inside the Minds and Motives of the Islamic Terrorists Trying to Destroy America. With Bill Harlow. New York: Crown Forum, 2016.
Morell, Michael. The Great War of Our Time: The CIA’s Fight against Terrorism from al Qa’ida to ISIS. With Bill Harlow. New York: Hachette Book Group, 2015.
Mosley, Leonard. Dulles: A Biography of Eleanor, Allen, and John Foster and their Family Network. New York: Dell Books, 1979.
Murphy, David E., Sergei Kondrashev, and George Bailey. Battleground Berlin: CIA vs KGB in the Cold War. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1997.
Naylor, Sean. Relentless Strike: The Secret History of Joint Special Operations Command. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2015.
O’Connell, Jack. King’s Counsel: A Memoir of War, Espionage and Diplomacy in the Middle East. With Vernon Loeb. New York: W.W. Norton, 2011.
Osgood, Kenneth. Total Cold War: Eisenhower’s Secret Propaganda Battle at Home and Abroad. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2006.
Panetta, Leon. Worthy Fights: A Memoir of Leadership in War and Peace. With Jim Newton. New York: Penguin Press, 2014.
Paterson, Thomas G. Contesting Castro: The United States and the Triumph of the Cuban Revolution. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994.
Perry, Mark. Eclipse: The Last Days of the CIA. New York: William Morrow, 1992.
Persons, Albert C. Bay of Pigs: A Firsthand Account of the Mission by a U.S. Pilot in Support of the Cuban Invasion Force in 1961. Jefferson, NC: McFarland and Coy, 1990
Phillips, David A. Secret Wars Diary: My Adventures in Combat, Espionage Operations and Covert Action. Bethesda, MD: Stone Trail Press, 1989.
———. The Night Watch: 25 Years of Peculiar Service. New York: Atheneum, 1977.
Plame Wilson, Valerie. Fair Game: My Life as a Spy, My Betrayal by the White House. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2007.
Powers, Thomas. Intelligence Wars: American Secret History from Hitler to Al Qaeda. New York: New York Review Books, 2002.
———. The Man Who Kept the Secrets: Richard Helms and the CIA. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1979.
Prados, John. The Family Jewels: The CIA, Secrecy, and Presidential Power. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2014.
———. Hoodwinked: The Documents that Reveal How Bush Sold Us a War. New York: The New Press, 2004.
———. How the Cold War Ended: Debating and Doing History. Washington, D.C.: Potomac Books, 2011.
———. Keepers of the Keys: A History of the National Security Council from Truman to Bush. New York: William Morrow Publishers, 1991.
———. Presidents’ Secret Wars: CIA and Pentagon Covert Operations from World War II through the Persian Gulf. Chicago: Ivan R. Dee Publisher, 1996.
———. Safe for Democracy: The Secret Wars of the CIA. Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, 2006.
———. The Soviet Estimate: U.S. Intelligence Analysis and Soviet Strategic Forces. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1986.
———. The US Special Forces: What Everyone Needs to Know. New York: Oxford University Press, 2015.
———. William Colby and the CIA: The Secret Wars of a Controversial Spymaster. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2009.
Rabe, Stephen. Eisenhower: The Foreign Policy of Anticommunism and Latin America. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1988.
Richelson, Jeffrey T. Spying on the Bomb: American Nuclear Intelligence from Nazi Germany to Iran and North Korea. New York: W.W. Norton, 2006.
———. The US Intelligence Community. 7th edition. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 2016.
———. The Wizards of Langley: Inside the CIA’s Directorate for Science and Technology. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 2001.
Riedel, Bruce. JFK’s Forgotten Crisis: Tibet, the CIA, and the Sino-Indian War. Washington, D.C.: The Brookings Institution, 2015.
Risen, James. Pay Any Price: Greed, Power, and Endless War. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2014.
———. State of War: The Secret History of the CIA and the Bush Administration. New York: Free Press, 2006.
Rizzo, John. Company Man: Thirty Years of Controversy and Crisis in the CIA. New York: Scribner, 2014.
Rodriguez, Jose A., Jr. Hard Measures: How Aggressive CIA Actions after 9/11 Saved American Lives. With Ball Harlow. New York: Threshold Editions, 2012.
Rodríguez, Juan Carlos. The Bay of Pigs and the CIA. Translated by Mary Todd. Melbourne, Aust.: Ocean Press, 1999.
Sanger, David E. Confront and Conceal: Obama’s Secret Wars and Surprising Use of American Power. New York: Broadway Paperbacks, 2013.
Saunders, Frances Stoner. The Cultural Cold War: The CIA and the World of Artists and Letters. New York: The New Press, 2013.
Scahill, Jeremy. Blackwater: The Rise of the World’s Most Powerful Mercenary Military. New York: Nation Books, 2007.
Schlesinger, Stephen, and Stephen Kinzer. Bitter Fruit: The Untold Story of the American Coup in Guatemala. New York: Anchor Books, 1983.
Schmitt, Eric, and Thom Shanker. Counter Strike: The Untold Story of America’s Secret Campaign Against Al Qaeda. New York: Henry Holt, 2011.
Schroen, Gary C. First In: An Insider’s Account of How the CIA Spearheaded the War on Terror in Afghanistan. New York: Ballantine Books, 2005.
Smith, Joseph B. Portrait of a Cold Warrior. New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1976.
Soley, Lawrence C. Radio Warfare: OSS and CIA Subversive Propaganda. New York: Praeger, 1989.
Srodes, James. Allen Dulles: Master of Spies. Washington, D.C.: Regnery Publishing, 1999.
Storm, Morten. Agent Storm: My Life Inside Al Qaeda and the CIA. With Paul Cruickshank and Tim Lister. New York: Atlantic Monthly Press, 2014.
Talbot, David. The Devil’s Chessboard: Allen Dulles, the CIA and the Rise of America’s Secret Government. New York: HarperCollins, 2015.
Taubman, Philip. Secret Empire: Eisenhower, the CIA and the Hidden Story of America’s Space Espionage. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2004.
Tenet, George J. At the Center of the Storm: My Years at the CIA. With Bill Harlow. New York: HarperCollins, 2007.
Thomas, Evan. The Very Best Men: Four Who Dared: The Early Years of the CIA. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1995.
Thomas, Hugh. Armed Truce: The Beginnings of the Cold War, 1945–1946. New York: Atheneum, 1987.
Thompson, Kenneth W., ed. Portraits of the American Presidency, v. III: The Eisenhower Presidency, Eleven Intimate Perspectives of Dwight D. Eisenhower. Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 1984.
Treverton, Gregory F. Covert Action: The Limits of Intervention in the Postwar World. New York: Basic Books, 1987.
Triay, Victor Andres. Bay of Pigs: An Oral History of Brigade 2506. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2001.
Troy, Thomas F. Wild Bill and Intrepid: Donovan, Stephenson, and the Origin of CIA. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1996.
Tully, Andrew. CIA: The Inside Story. New York: William Morrow, 1962.
Twentieth Century Fund. In from the Cold: Report of the Task Force on the Future of U.S. Intelligence. New York: Twentieth Century Fund Press, 1996.
Urban, George R. Radio Free Europe and the Pursuit of Democracy: My War within the Cold War. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1997.
Waldron, Lamar. Ultimate Sacrifice: John and Robert Kennedy, the Plan for a Coup in Cuba, and the Murder of JFK. New York: Carroll and Graf, 2005.
Wallace, Robert, and H. Keith Melton. Spycraft: The Secret History of the CIA’s Spytechs from Communism to Al-Qaeda. New York: Penguin/Plume, 2009.
Warrick, Joby. The Triple Agent: The Al-Qaeda Mole who Infiltrated the CIA. New York: Vintage Books, 2012.
Weber, Ralph E., ed. Spymasters: Ten CIA Officers in their own Words. Wilmington, DE: Scholarly Resources, 1999.
Weiner, Timothy. Legacy of Ashes: The History of the CIA. New York: Doubleday, 2007.
Wilford, Hugh. The Mighty Wurlitzer: How the CIA Played America. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2008.
Winks, Robin W. Cloak and Gown: Scholars in the Secret War, 1939–1961. New York: Morrow, 1987.
Wyden, Peter. Bay of Pigs: The Untold Story. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1979.