Index
Page numbers in italics refer to maps.
Adolph, Joe, 119
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 165
aggregate, 103–4
agribusiness, 72–73, 136n, 161
aluminum companies, 22, 26, 90, 220, 244, 246–47, 249n
American Agriculture Economics Association, 149
American Rivers, 49
American Society of Civil Engineers, 88
americium, 183
Andrus, Cecil, 31
apples, 127, 254, 255
Army Corps of Engineers, U.S.:
autonomy of, 46
cost estimates by, 32
dams built by, 20, 21, 33, 77, 160n, 221, 235n, 236, 242, 245
drawdown testing by, 32, 33
Hanford barracks constructed by, 176
Marmes site flooded by, 56
river management by, 73, 74, 76, 106, 227, 230, 236, 250n
salmon transported by, 79–81, 243
atomic bomb, 162–63
Atomic Cup, 75n
Atomic Energy Commission, 46, 179, 191
Atomic Harvest, 190
Bailie, Linda, 188
Bailie, Matt, 190
Bailie, Tom, 158, 168, 187–88, 195, 196–97
Bakke, Bill, 238
bald eagles, 30, 157
Banks, Frank A., 102–3
Banks Lake, 103, 132
barge operators, barges, 29–43, 50–51, 54–57, 198–226
author’s journeys on, 23–24, 29–43, 50–51, 54–57, 109, 131, 197, 198–226
cargo of, 31, 34, 54–57, 200, 206–7, 218
collisions of, 41, 210
cost effectiveness of, 31, 55
deckhands of, 23, 29–31, 33–34, 35, 38–39, 40, 219
drawdown opposed by, 32–33, 43, 52–53, 55, 80, 208, 209, 212, 226
environmentalists vs., 30, 201–2, 220, 223–25, 226
federal subsidies for, 225
firms for, 22, 38, 40, 41–42, 50–51, 59, 63, 206, 213, 223–25
garbage transported by, 206–7, 218
locks navigated by, 30, 50–51
Native Americans vs., 30, 60–61, 213–14
oil spills and, 42, 43, 63, 212, 217
pilots of, 23, 29–31, 39–43, 50–51, 54–57, 59–61, 200–202, 205
romantic problems of, 30, 35, 40, 43, 210–11
salmon preservation and, 23, 30, 31–33, 43, 58, 201, 207–8, 212, 220, 223–24, 226, 231
slackwater for, 23, 35, 52, 53, 54, 73, 223, 226, 236
tow of, 29, 34–35, 41–42, 54, 59, 61, 200, 214, 218–19
tugboats for, 29, 35, 38, 39–40, 54, 57, 198, 218, 225
winds and, 34, 40–42, 43, 58
windsurfing and, 30, 42–43
basalt, 70–71, 101, 103, 209, 254
Basic American Foods, 237
bass, 37, 53
Beacon Rock, 222
Bean, Bill, 152–53
Bell, Milo, 104n, 221
Ben Franklin Dam, 160n
Betty Lou, 225
Beyond the Hundredth Meridian (Stegner), 29
Big Jack (bartender), 85
biostitutes, 242
birth defects, 164, 187–88, 191, 196
Blair, Matt, 74
Blank, Jeff, 219
Blue Bridge, 76
blue herons, 157, 212
Boardman, Ore., 205
Boeing, 90, 203
Bonneville Dam, 10, 25, 79, 104, 235, 240
locks of, 218, 219
Native Americans displaced by, 123–24
size of, 99
in World War II, 90
Bonneville Power Administration (BPA), 125
hydroelectric control by, 73, 75–76, 90, 94–95, 152
river management by, 106, 226, 227, 229–50
salmon preservation and, 249–50
WHOOPS default and, 248–50
Bowler, Bert, 237
“BPA at the Crossroads,” 249n
Brauer, Don, 173–83
Bretz, J. Harlen, 71n
B Street, 83–86, 92, 94, 97, 100, 101, 121
Buck, Rex, Jr., 254–60
Burbank, Wash., 73
Bureau of Land Management, U.S., 98
Bureau of Reclamation, U.S., 88
annual report of (1937), 115
autonomy of, 46
budget of, 145
canals maintained by, 38, 137, 139
criticism of, 97–98, 99, 145
engineers of, 98–107
environmental impact statement by (1975), 116
environmentalists vs., 99, 145
hierarchy of, 98, 100
irrigation supervised by, 110–12, 128, 141–43, 150–52
public-relations efforts of, 87–90, 111–12, 129–31
river management by, 98, 100, 106–7, 110, 123, 189, 227, 236
slogan used by, 26
Burlington Northern Railroad, 198, 212
Bush, George W., 15, 16
Buske, Norm, 160–62
Caldwell, Glyn, 195, 196
cancer, 163n, 164, 179–80, 187, 193, 195
Cargill, 72–73
Carlson, Louis, 207
Cascade Mountains, 24, 36, 66, 67, 71, 210
cattle, 239
Cavanagh, Ralph, 150
Cayuses, 68, 233
Celilo Falls, 61, 213
cesium, 176, 181
Chelyabinsk-65 site, 169
Chernobyl nuclear plant, 171–72
Chevron Pipeline Company, 72
Chief Joseph Dam, 11, 76, 124n, 125
Chung, Connie, 190
Clapp, Billy, 105, 134–35
Clark, William, 23, 65–70, 72–73, 82, 159, 210, 212, 257
Clinton, Bill, 48, 54, 159
cofferdams, 91
Cole, Jim, 128
Collier’s, 88
Columbia Basin, 23, 24, 38, 44, 70, 112, 127–28, 141
Columbia Basin Development League, 107
Columbia Basin Institute, 153
Columbia Basin Irrigation Project, 11, 14, 127–56
construction of, 136, 142, 146–47
costs of, 136–37, 146–48, 154
criticism of, 145–50
drainage of, 127–28
dust in, 130
farmer-controlled districts of, 140, 154–55
farm failures in, 130–31, 138–39, 147, 188–89
farming in, 129–32, 134–40, 147, 150–53, 154–55, 188–89, 224
federal management of, 20, 22–23, 45, 128, 145, 147, 150–54, 234
federal study for, 135
land use in, 45, 97–98, 137
map of, 126
produce of, 127, 132, 134, 145, 148, 153, 154, 155–56
public-relations effort for, 129–31
repayment obligations for, 137, 138, 141–43
size of, 112, 145–50, 152
soil fertility of, 127, 135
as symbol of engineered West, 127
water conservation problems of, 23, 98, 112, 136n, 152, 153–54, 156, 234, 249n
water rights for, 133, 141–42, 154
Columbia Gorge, 42, 72, 200, 202, 209–14, 215, 223
Columbia Ice & Cold Storage, 20
Columbia Plateau, 70–71
Columbia Rediviva, 65
Columbia River:
agro-industrial sprawl on, 72–73
artificial branch of, 126, 127
Big Bend of, 70
coldness of, 38, 63, 77, 220n
controlled flow of, 73–76, 80, 94–95, 113, 226, 228, 229–30, 245, 249–50
coulees of, 71, 101–2
current of, 31, 32, 63, 73
drainage of, 25
drawdown of, 32–33, 43, 58, 80, 166, 201, 208, 209, 212, 226
drop of, 25, 70, 221
economic potential of, 20, 21–22, 26, 85, 90–94, 96–97
erosion barrier (riprap) for, 124
federal control of, 251–53
freezing of, 30
landscape around, 66–67, 87, 88, 101–2
Lewis and Clark’s exploration of, 23, 64, 65–70, 72–73, 82, 159, 210, 212, 257
as “machine,” 13, 17, 20, 25, 29, 49, 65, 75, 76, 77, 80, 81–82, 109, 157, 224, 226
management of, 22–25, 30, 32–33, 46–48, 77–79, 97, 100, 106–7, 111, 122–23, 189, 216–17, 226, 227–46, 249–52
Mississippi River compared with, 25, 31, 58, 61, 70, 221
as “most endangered river,” 48–49
as natural resource, 103, 229
origins of, 70–72
as pool, 23, 73–76
power of, 25, 70–72, 97
radioactivity in, 164–65, 175, 182
rapids of, 31, 70, 72, 73, 200, 221
redevelopment of, 22–23, 24, 30–31, 227–46
return of salmon to, 125
seasonal flow of, 44–45, 77, 80
Short Narrows of, 72
size of, 25
Snake’s confluence with, 23, 28, 35, 61, 63, 65, 66–67, 68, 71, 72–73, 198–201, 257
strangeness of, 61–62, 66, 70
surges in, 76
temperature of, 164, 241
water quality of, 48–49, 63, 128, 139, 216
West symbolized by, 22–23, 27, 113, 127, 259
wind on, 34, 40–43, 58, 62, 72
Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission, 231
Colville, Wash., 204
Colville Indian Reservation, 84, 108–25
Colville tribe, 84, 101, 104, 108–25, 235
“constant full pool,” 73–74
Coon, Jim, 58, 233
Coutant, Charles C., 252
Crab Creek, 134
Craig, Larry, 251–53
crappies, 37
“criticality,” 163n
Curly (crooner), 85
Dalles, 10, 213–14
Dalles Dam, 10, 213–14
Dam, The, 91
dams:
construction of, 20, 21, 32, 33, 54, 77–78, 160n, 220–21, 235–36, 235n, 242, 245
fish bypass systems of, 51–52, 104, 124n, 140, 220, 235, 237n–40n, 243, 245, 255
flooding by, 55–57, 62, 73, 108–25, 213
hydroelectric power generated by, 14–15, 32, 44, 73, 76, 78, 90, 94–95, 152
irrigation provided by, 36, 88, 101, 111–12, 114, 132, 135
locks of, 30, 44, 45, 50–51, 54, 218
nature conquered by, 25, 44
as obstacles for salmon, 16, 32, 43, 44–45, 48–49, 51, 77–81, 101, 104n, 107, 112–13, 120, 122, 124, 197, 208, 209, 220, 223, 229, 232–43, 250n, 255
proposed demolition of, 32–33
slackwater from, 23, 35–36, 52–53, 54, 73, 212, 223, 226, 236
spilling of, 81, 94–96, 230, 245, 249
turbines of, 32, 78, 94
see also individual dams
DeFazio, Peter, 153–54
Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board, 166
Defiance, 39, 40, 54, 57, 198, 207, 218, 225
DeHart, Matt, 228
DeHart, Michele, 227–32, 237, 243–44, 246, 250–53, 254
Deliverance, 168–69
Depression, Great, 19–20, 26, 27, 86, 87, 93, 113, 134
DeVoto, Bernard, 22
dioxin, 48
Dittmer Control Center, 226
Downs, L. Vaughn, 99–104, 121
Downs, Margaret Savage, 99, 100
downwinders, 21, 164, 167, 168, 177–78, 179, 188–97, 234
drainage wind, 41
Dreamer religion, 257
drought, 19, 20, 36, 112
“dual-purpose” nuclear plants, 171
Dunn, Deanna, 129
Dunn, Donald D., 129–30
Dunn, Sally Ann, 129
Dunn, Vernetta Jean, 129–30
DuPont, 176–77
dust storms, 134, 177
earthquakes, 71
East Columbia Basin Irrigation District, 140, 155
East Low Canal, 132
Eisenhower, Dwight D., 47
EL-18 lateral canal, 132
electricity, see hydroelectric power
electricity, wind-generated, 41
El Niño effect, 241
Emmanuel Lutheran Church, 21
Empty Quarter, 202, 206, 218
Endangered Species Act, 32, 151, 238, 244, 245, 253
Energy Department, U.S., 46, 160, 166, 174, 186, 190, 194
environmentalists:
barge operators vs., 30, 201–2, 220, 223–25, 226
Bureau of Reclamation vs., 99, 145
dam removal supported by, 32–33
drawdown supported by, 33, 226
endangered species supported by, 24–25, 33, 48–49, 81–82, 150, 151, 154, 154n, 232–33, 238–39, 242, 244–45, 250–53
Hanford Atomic Works criticized by, 167–69
irrigation criticized by, 98, 133, 145, 146, 153–54
public relations of, 48
river management and, 16, 22, 47, 227–32, 238–39, 243, 244, 246, 250–53, 254
Erickson, Bernie, 49
Erickson, Dick, 155–56
Erickson, Jerry, 158, 169–86, 196
Erickson, Peggy, 171
Erickson, Tim, 170, 183–85, 197
Evans, Dan, 148
“Expedited Response Action,” 162
Exxon Valdez oil spill, 42
Farmer’s Home Administration, 189
“Farm-in-a-Day,” 129–31
farming, farms:
failures of, 130–31, 138–39, 147, 188–89
family, 98, 135–36, 140
income from, 137, 143–44
irrigation, 129–31, 134–40, 147, 150, 151–53, 154–55, 188–89, 224
irrigation districts controlled by, 140, 155
land for, 72, 98, 136
rainfall and, 37
salmon preservation vs., 234, 238–39
self-reliance of, 21–23, 27, 45, 49, 53–54, 55, 181
tax burden of, 135
Farrow, Michael, 233–34
Fat Man bomb, 162–63
Faulkner, Dave, 40
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), 163
Federal Interagency River Basin Committee, 237
Federal Power Act, 122–23
fertilizers, 38, 146
fish:
hatcheries for, 37–38, 81, 125, 240–41, 250
predator, 32, 78, 241
“trash,” 43n
see also salmon
Fish and Wildlife Department, Washington State, 252
Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S., 98, 159, 235
Fish Passage Center, 230, 243, 250–52
fish-pounding stones, 56
Flatland tribe, 118
Foley, Thomas, 46, 142
Forbes, Larry, 176
Foster, Jodie, 221, 222
Four Winds Guest House, 111
Franklin D. Roosevelt Lake, 108
Frazier, Lynn Joseph, 123
Gable Mountain, 183
Garreau, Joel, 202–3
Garrison Rapids, 221
Gates, Bill, 203
General Electric, 216
George, Russell, 227
Gibson, Mel, 221
gill nets, 58, 60, 242
glaciers, 102, 105
Glen Canyon Dam, 91
global warming, 14
Government Accountability Office, U.S., 165
Grand Coulee, 101–2
Grand Coulee, Wash., 83–86, 95, 97, 100, 110, 121
Grand Coulee Dam, 11, 83, 86, 107, 235
author’s job at, 24, 95–97, 110
concrete used in, 87, 88, 91, 92, 101, 105, 111
construction of, 13, 20, 25, 37, 82, 83–86, 115, 120–22, 247
criticism of, 88, 90
design of, 98–107
federal control of, 37, 38, 87, 95, 105–7, 113, 123
fish ladders lacked by, 104, 124n, 140, 220
flooding by, 108–25
granite base of, 91, 101, 103
as gravity dam, 91–92
height of, 71
hydroelectric potential of, 44, 87–88, 90, 101, 106, 112, 113, 116, 120, 122, 138, 139
idea for, 105–7, 134
irrigation provided by, 88, 112, 114, 132, 135
jobs provided by, 83, 91–94, 96–97, 167
laser light show at, 111–12
local control of, 105–7, 123
local understanding of, 110, 113–14
location of, 88, 101, 104–5
Native Americans displaced by, 101, 104, 108–25
press coverage of, 88, 90, 105–6
public-relations efforts for, 87–90
public-works budget for, 37
replica of, 88
Roosevelt’s visits to, 87–89
safety problems of, 91–92, 96
salmon preservation and, 104n, 107, 120, 122, 124
size of, 25, 71, 87–89, 91, 99, 107
spillway of, 94–96, 111
as symbol of engineered West, 113
as symbol of Manifest Destiny, 86–87, 89
“total use” ethic for, 103
turbines of, 94
worker housing for, 83–86
in World War II, 90, 112n, 135
Grand Ronde River, 233, 239–40
Grant County, 135
Grant County Fair Grounds, 205
Grant County Public Utility District, 76, 237, 257, 258
Gray, Robert, 65–66
Great Recession, 166
Green Run experiment, 191–92
Grover, Leslie R., 159n
Grumbly, Thomas, 174
Grunlose, Mattie, 108
Gunther, John, 246
Gustafson, Carl, 55, 56
Guthrie, Woody, 19, 89–90, 246, 254
Hallock, Ted, 244
Hanford Atomic Works, 11, 157–86
atomic weapons research at, 46–47, 75n, 90, 112n, 159, 162–64
B Reactor at, 180
cleanup of, 165–66, 172, 174–75, 180–85
construction of, 20, 159–60, 176–77
criticism of, 167–69
downwind population and, 21, 164, 167, 168, 169, 177–78, 179, 188–97, 234
economic impact of, 167–69
electrical demand of, 90, 106, 112
engineers for, 160, 169–86
environmental problems of, 21, 24, 160–62, 164–70, 172, 204, 216, 234
federal management of, 44–46, 167–69, 234
groundwater under, 112, 160n, 175–76, 185
Hanford Reach site of, 157–62, 166–67, 258, 259
K East Reactor at, 181–82
landfills at, 174–75
leakage from, 21, 160–62, 174–76, 178–79, 180, 181–82
“mulberry syndrome” of, 161–62, 177
Native Americans displaced by, 254, 256, 258
N Reactor at, 160, 164, 169, 171–72, 178, 181, 182–83, 184, 196
N Springs at, 160–61, 162
as part of engineered West, 166, 167
plutonium finishing plant (PFP) of, 183–84
plutonium uranium extraction (PUREX) plant at, 178, 181–82, 183–84
press coverage of, 166, 182, 184, 188, 190
public-relations effort for, 112n, 157, 171
radiation from, 21, 112, 164, 165, 167–81, 185–97, 234
radioactive waste from, 21, 23, 160–62, 164–66, 174, 185–86
REDOX plant at, 192
salmon preservation and, 165, 168
security for, 172–73, 177, 183–84
soil contamination at, 174–75
stabilization run for, 167
Tank 101–SY at, 185–86
“200 Area” of, 178, 183
waste tanks for, 177–78, 185–86
wildlife at, 157, 160
workers at, 167–69, 176–77, 179–82, 185, 186
Hanford Downwinders Coalition, 190
Hanford Engineering Works, 160
Hanford Health Information Network, 193, 194
Hanford High School, 177
Hanford House Red Lion Inn, 167, 168
Hanford Patrol, 177
Hanford Reach, gillnetters in, 242
Hanford Reach National Monument, 159
Hanford Story, The, 157
Hanson, Frank “Tub,” 148–49
Harden, Albert, 83, 85, 93
Harden, Alfred, 19, 93
Harden, Arno, 13, 19–20, 21, 24, 26, 27, 30, 62–63, 82, 83, 85, 91–97, 100, 110, 117, 122, 129, 140
Harden, Betty Thoe, 94, 129
Harden, James Arno, 44
Harden, Joe, 19–20
Harden, Mary, 129–30
Harding, Pat, 206, 211–14, 221–23
Hastings, Doc, 17
Hatfield, Mark, 250n
Hells Canyon Dam, 220–21
Heraclitus, 13, 17
herbicides, 125, 216
Herschel (sea lion group), 208
Hickey, Ray, 223–25, 226
Hill, James J., 212
Hill, Mary, 212
Hill, Sam, 212
Hiroshima bombing, 71, 162–63, 189, 191
Hitler, Adolf, 86, 90, 159, 205
Hodel, Don, 247–48
Hodgkin’s disease, 195
Hood River, Ore., 42, 214, 217, 219
Hoover, Herbert, 107
Hoover Dam, 91–92, 99
House Committee on Natural Resources, 152
Howard, Barbara, 194–95
Hudson’s Bay Company, 108
Hunn, Eugene S., 68
hydroelectric power:
control of, 73, 76, 90, 94–95, 152, 234
electric rates for, 106, 112, 116, 120, 122, 230, 246, 248, 249n, 253, 255
generation of, 14, 32, 44, 73, 76, 77, 80, 81, 90, 94–95, 152
potential for, 20, 22, 23, 25, 44, 77, 87–88, 90, 101, 106, 112, 113, 116, 120, 122, 138, 139
power grid for, 76
subsidies for, 49, 106, 113, 116, 128–29, 143–44, 146, 147–48, 150, 152, 153, 249n
hydrogen, 185
hydromechanics, 81
hydroplane racing, 65, 73–76
hypothyroidism, 193n
ice age, 71–72, 101–2, 209
Ice Harbor Dam, 11, 61, 76
Ickes, Harold, 122–23
Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, 51
Idaho Territory, 52
individualism, 27, 47, 53, 54, 133, 181, 182
Infanger, Craig Lynn, 151
Inside USA (Gunther), 246
in-situ vitrification, 165, 174
Interior Department, U.S., 112n, 151, 236–37
International Food Policy Research Institute, 143–44
iodine-131, 179, 188, 191, 193, 194, 195
Iron Triangle, 46–47
irrigation, 127–56
canals for, 20, 24, 36–38, 53, 129–31, 132, 137, 139, 189
dams built for, 36, 88, 101, 112, 114, 132, 135
ditches for, 35, 36, 131, 137, 188
electrical subsidies for, 49, 116, 128–29, 143–44, 146, 147–48, 150, 152, 153, 249n
environmental impact of, 98, 133, 145, 146, 154
farming with, 129–32, 134–40, 147, 150–53, 155, 188–89, 224
lobbying for, 133, 145–50, 156
Native American rights and, 115–16, 133, 136n, 140–41, 150
salmon and, 80, 133, 140, 146, 147, 150, 151–52, 154, 196–97, 231
soil salinity and, 98
sprinkler systems for, 127, 133, 143
“theology” of, 132–33
water subsidies for, 23–27, 36, 116, 127, 128–29, 133, 136, 141–44, 151–56, 181, 234, 249n
water wasted by, 23, 98, 136n, 152, 153, 155, 156, 234, 249n
wells for, 45
see also Columbia Basin Irrigation Project
Jackson, Henry M., 37, 45, 46, 141–42, 145, 148
Jackson, Johnny, 61
Japan, 58, 162–63, 189
Japan Airlines, 131–32
Jefferson, Thomas, 65, 135
jibes, 215, 217
John Day Dam, 201, 212
John Day tribe, 67
Johnson, Lyndon B., 56
Kennedy, John F., 171
Kennewick, Wash., 11, 72, 163, 166
Kerr, Andy, 47–48, 81–82
Kettle Falls, 115, 116, 119, 213
Klamath River, 16
Klickitat tribe, 61
Korth, Jeff, 114
Laborer’s Union, 96
Lake Roosevelt, 94
landslides, 70, 72
Lemry, Pete, 123, 235
Lewis, Meriwether, 23, 65–70, 72–73, 82, 159, 210, 257
Lewiston, Idaho, 11, 26, 32, 44, 51–54, 236
Lewiston Hill Grade, 51
Libby, Leona Marshall, 163n, 177
Liddy, G. Gordon, 56–57
Limbaugh, Rush, 56, 154, 231
“liquid smoke,” 215
Little Boy bomb, 162
logging industry, 45, 48, 238, 246n
“Lonesome Larry,” 31–32
Longmeyer, James, 170
Los Angeles, Calif., population density of, 48
Louie, Baptist, 120
Louie, Martin, Sr., 108–10
Louisiana Purchase, 65
Lower Granite Dam, 50, 52
Lower Monumental Dam, 55
Lyon’s Ferry bridge, 55
Mackenzie River, 25
Magnuson, Warren G., 37, 45, 46, 141–42, 145, 148
Mahar, Dulcy, 250
Main Canal, 132
Majeski, Greg, 33–35, 40
malaria, 67
“managed oasis life,” 46–47
Manhattan Project, 159, 162, 176, 180, 254
Manifest Destiny, 86–87, 89
Marie, Queen of Romania, 212
Marine Mammal Protection Act, 208, 209
Marmes site, 55–57
Marsh, Malcolm, 246
Martin, Irene, 232, 233
Martin, Kent, 232–33
Maryhill Castle, 212
Matthews, W. Gale, 105
Matthias, Franklin T., 159
Maverick, 221, 222
McClosky, Harold, 149–50
McDonald’s, 127, 153
McDowell, Steve, 39–43, 50–51, 54–57, 59–61, 198–202, 205–6
McGinn, Francis, 86
McMurray, F. Ron, 52–53
McNary Dam, 11, 73–76, 77, 78, 80, 200, 236, 241, 250n
McNary Pool, 73–76, 80
measles, 68
Mesa, Wash., 190, 191–92
Microsoft, 156, 203, 224
Mightiest of Them All, The (Downs), 101
Miss Budweiser, 74, 75, 76
missionaries, 68
Mississippi River, 25, 31, 58, 61, 70, 221
Mormon Church, 189
Morrow County, Ore., 206
Moses, Chief, 36–37
Moses Lake, 36–38
Moses Lake, Wash., 11
author’s upbringing in, 21, 27, 38, 62–63, 95–97, 109–10, 129, 202
irrigation for, 20–21, 24, 36–38, 49, 53, 129–31, 189
Moses Lake airfield, 132
Mount Hood, 214, 223
“mulberry syndrome,” 161–62, 177
Multnomah Falls, 222
Nagasaki bombing, 112n, 163, 189, 191
National Forest Service, U.S., 98
National Hydropower Association, 251
National Marine Fisheries Service, U.S., 245
National Park Service, U.S., 98
Native Americans:
alcoholism of, 60, 108, 110, 113, 115, 122, 141, 255, 259
anthropological evidence on, 55–56, 108, 110, 115
barge operators vs., 30, 60–61, 213–14
blood quantum for, 116
burial grounds of, 115, 255, 259
congressional hearing on (1933), 123
as dam laborers, 95, 117, 120–21, 256
displacement of, 22, 67–69, 101, 104, 108–25, 234, 254–60
education of, 118–19
electricity rates for, 116, 120, 122, 255
epidemics among, 67–68, 113, 118
federal rulings in favor of, 45, 60
genocide against, 109
income distribution for, 116
irrigation denied to, 115–16, 133, 136n, 140–41, 150
radioactivity exposure of, 165
religious traditions of, 102, 108, 116, 157, 183, 257, 259–60
reservations for, 68, 84, 108–25, 256,
257
river management and, 17, 230, 233–36, 242–46, 252, 253
salmon as important to, 16, 26, 45, 56, 60, 67, 69–70, 104, 108–9, 111, 112–13, 114–15, 117, 119–20, 122, 124, 140–41, 197, 201, 213–14, 227, 234–36, 240, 258, 259
skiffs of, 60
suicide rate of, 108–9, 113, 115
trading by, 67, 68, 73
treaties of, 45, 256–59
water rights of, 116n
whites vs., 36–37, 45, 60, 67–68, 108–12, 113–14, 115–16, 121–22, 140–41, 170, 254–60
see also individual tribes
Needham, Paul, 236
New Deal, 37, 83, 87, 135, 136, 145, 153, 167, 221, 247
Newlands, Francis G., 136
New York Times, 188, 190
Niagara Falls, 96
Nielson, Allen, 114
Nine Nations of North America, The (Garreau), 202–3
Nixon, Richard M., 184
Northwest Development Association, 236
Northwest Passage, 66
Northwest Power Act, 230–31, 232, 243, 244, 245, 249, 252
Northwest Power Planning Council, 230–31, 243–44, 249
nuclear energy, 44–45, 57, 164, 171, 192, 218, 247–49
Nykanen, Mark, 199, 214–18
Oak Ridge, Tenn., 159n, 161–62, 163
Oaks, Mary, 85
Obama, Barack, 16
oil spills, 42, 43, 63, 212, 217
Operating Engineers Union, 122
Oregon Forest Industries Council, 242
Oregon Natural Resources Defense Council, 82
Osborne, Barbara, 131, 136–37, 154
Osborne, Donald, 132
Osborne, Ted, 126, 131–44, 146, 148, 151, 154–55
Outlaw, 29, 35, 38
Ozbun, Jim, 149
Pacific Fisheries Management Council, 58, 233
Pacific Northwest:
British vs. U.S. control of, 66
East Side vs. West Side of, 24, 36, 41, 47–48, 52–53, 180, 201–5, 217–18
economic transformation of, 22, 24, 26, 48, 203, 223, 232
extractive industry in, 217
old-growth forests of, 21, 202, 246n
urban areas of, 47–48, 155–56, 201, 203–5, 218, 225, 226
see also Washington
Pacific Northwest Grain and Feed Association, 33
Pacific Northwest Utilities Conference Committee, 82
paper mills, 48, 52
Parker, Herbert M., 192
Pasco, Wash., 11, 72, 163, 166
Patt, Ralph, 175–76
Pengelly, Mary, 193–94, 195
pesticides, 196, 216
pheasants, 37, 48
Philco, 171
phosphorus, radioactive, 165
Pitman, Dexter, 43n
Pitzer, Paul, 90n, 140
plutonium, 20, 23, 26, 44, 47, 106, 112, 157–74, 178–84, 191, 196
Popular Mechanics, 100
Portland, Ore., 201, 203–5, 218, 225, 226
“postage stamp rate,” 246
potatoes, 127, 153, 200, 237
Potholes Reservoir, 38, 126, 128
Potlatch paper mill, 52
power lines, 73, 131
Priest Rapids Dam, 11, 76, 255, 256, 258
“Prophets of Shortage” speech, 247
Public Works Administration (PWA), 123
Puck Hyah Toot, 257–58
Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, 57
quartzite, 115
Raban, Jonathan, 203
radionuclides, 175, 179, 189
rads, 179n, 195
railroads, 31, 55, 198, 212
rainfall, 112
Rattlesnake Mountain, 157, 260
Ray, Verne, 114–15
Raynaud’s disease, 194
Reagan, Ronald, 184, 247, 248
Reclamation Act, 136, 138
Redden, James A., 16–17, 81, 251
Redfish Lake, 31–32
reservoirs, 44, 78, 103, 114, 166
Reynolds, Hiram, 122
Reynolds, Johnny, 122
Rice, Esther, 100
Richardson, Jim, 219–20
Richland, Wash., 11, 72, 163, 164, 166–67, 173, 184, 186, 196, 259
riprap (erosion barrier), 124
Rivers of Empire (Worster), 46, 98, 114
Rock Island Dam, 235
Roessler, Genevieve, 190–91, 195
“Roll, Columbia, Roll,” 254
“Roll On Columbia, Roll On,” 89–90
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 25, 45, 87–88, 93, 99, 106, 117, 120–21, 135, 148
Rooster Rock State Park, 222
Ross, Alexander, 102
Ross, J. D., 247
Royal City, Wash., 151
ruthenium, 192
Sacajawea State Park, 64
St. Lawrence River, 25
Salish language, 116–17
salmon:
barges and, 23, 30, 31–33, 43, 58, 201, 208–9, 212, 220, 224, 226, 231
bypass systems for, 51–52, 104, 124n, 140, 220, 235, 237n–40n, 243, 245, 255
chinook, 69, 80, 114–15, 120, 125, 154, 154n, 157, 182, 233, 241, 242
coho, 69
dams as obstacles for, 16, 32, 43, 44–45, 48–49, 51, 77–81, 101, 104n, 107, 112, 120, 122, 124, 197, 208, 209, 220, 223, 229, 232–33, 250, 255
decline of, 241
distillation of, 79–81, 242
as endangered species, 24, 33, 49, 81–82, 150, 151, 154, 154n, 232–33, 238–39, 242, 244–45, 250–53
farming vs., 49, 234, 238–39
fish agencies for, 230–33, 242–46, 250–51
fishing for, 58, 60–61, 69–70, 98, 116–17, 119–20, 141, 213–14, 233, 235, 240, 241–42, 258, 259
“four H’s” of, 238–43
genetic strains of, 240
hatchery, 81, 125, 240–41, 250
imprinting process of, 81
irrigation and, 80, 133, 140, 141, 146, 147, 150, 151–52, 154, 196–97, 231
juveniles of, 31, 76–81, 104n, 182, 235–36, 239–41, 243, 255
legal rulings on, 244, 245–46, 249, 252
migration of, 31, 32–33, 76–79, 81, 196–97, 201, 230, 232, 235–36, 238–40, 241
myths about, 43n
Native American need for, 16, 26, 45, 56, 60–61, 67, 69–70, 104, 108–9, 111, 112, 114–15, 116, 119–20, 122, 124, 140–41, 197, 201, 213–14, 227, 234–36, 240, 242, 258, 259
nests (redds) of, 239
passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags for, 79
physiology of, 77–78, 229
as political issue, 243–44, 249–53
preservation of, 21–22, 31–32, 45, 49, 165, 168, 216, 217, 220, 227–32, 253
return to Columbia River of, 125
river management and, 22–24, 30, 77–79, 227–32
sockeye, 31–32, 43, 43n
spawning by, 31–32, 43, 159, 213, 232, 238–39, 241
spearing of, 98, 116–17, 120
water temperature and, 32, 77, 78, 80, 239
wild, 80, 81, 232, 239–40, 241
Salmon Days festival, 104
salmon math, 251
Sandercock, Greg, 217
“sanitary lagoons,” 73
Saturday Evening Post, 90
Savage John Lucian, 100
scarlet fever, 68
Schleuter, Jonathan, 33
Schneider, Mark, 74–76
Sea Lion, 222–23
sea lions, 208
seals, 208, 209, 224
Seattle, Wash., 201, 203–5
Seattle Times, 182
Senate Agriculture Committee, 149
Sever, Lowell, 195–96
Seward, Vern, 84, 116–22, 124–25
Shannon, Whitey, 85
Shasta Dam, 99
Sheffler’s Elevator, 59
shipyards, 90
Sierra Club, 33, 81, 250
Silver Dollar Saloon, 85, 121
Silverthorn, Archie, 118–19
Simons, T. W., 102
Simpson, O. J., 202n
single-pass reactors, 165
sinkholes, 95
Sjogren disease, 193
Skamokawa, Wash., 232
Slocum, Harvey, 86
smallpox, 67
Smith, Curt, 148
Smohola, 257
Snake Basin, 221
Snake River:
archaeological sites under, 55–56
canyon of, 35
Columbia’s confluence with, 23, 28, 35, 61, 63, 65, 66–67, 68, 71, 72–73, 198–201, 257
current of, 31, 32
drawdown of, 32–33, 51, 52–53, 208, 212
freezing of, 30
shipping channels in, 31, 40
Sommers, Helen, 148
“Song of the Great Coulee Dam, The,” 89
sonic booms, 132
Sons of Norway, 21, 131
Sparling, George, 85
Spokesman-Review, 80
spotted owl, 21, 245
steelhead, 69, 208, 220, 236, 241
Stegner, Wallace, 29, 97–98
Stewart, Alice, 179
stillbirths, 164
Stockman, David, 248
Stone, Livingston, 242
Strauss, Michael W., 130
strontium, 161, 176, 181
sugar beets, 37, 48, 189
Sutherland, Kay, 193–95
Swanee Rooms, 86, 92
“Taking from the Taxpayer,” 152
“Talkin’ Blues, The,” 19
Taylor, Cindy, 216
Taylor, Dick, 111
Teals, Brenda, 113, 127
Tex (foreman), 96–97
Theriot, Ernest, 57–60, 200
Three Gorges dam, 87n
Three Mile Island nuclear plant, 192
thyroid disease, 164, 179, 187, 193, 194, 195, 196
Tidewater Barge Lines, 38, 39, 40, 41–42, 50–51, 59, 63, 206, 213, 223–25
Toaster, 76
Tri-Cities, 72, 163, 164, 166–67, 168, 171, 180, 189, 197, 203, 207
“environmental mission” of, 166
Tri-City Herald, 169
Tri-City Industrial Council, 166, 168
tritium, 175, 181
trout, 37, 43n, 124
trucks, 31, 51
Truman, Harry S., 90, 162
tuberculosis, 118
Umatilla tribe, 67, 233
Union Pacific Railroad, 198
Unsoeld, Jolene, 209
upwelling, 241
uranium, 163, 163n, 174–75, 178, 180, 181
Utah & Idaho (U&I) Sugar Company, 37, 189
utilities, private:
lobby for, 228–29, 244
monopolies by, 86, 87, 88
river management and, 22, 32, 216–17, 228–29, 231, 232, 237, 242–43, 244, 246, 250–53
WHOOPS default and, 248–50
Vantage, Wash., 62
veterans, 129, 140
Veterans of Foreign Wars, 129
Vietnam War, 44
vision quests, 259
Volpentest, Sam, 166
Walla Walla, Wash., 193, 207, 236, 237
Walla Walla tribe, 67, 68, 233
Wall Street Journal, 166
Wanapum Dam, 20, 54, 62
Wanapum tribe, 67, 183, 254–60
Warren, Earl, 90
Warren, Michael, 209–11, 226
Washington:
Fish and Game Department of, 37
Health Department of, 85–86, 161
legislature of, 44, 146–48
Palouse region of, 71
political representation of, 37, 46, 49
scabland of, 72
Washington, University of, 48, 115, 171, 229
Washington Post, 20
Washington Public Power Supply System (WPPSS), 248–50
Washington State University, 55, 139, 146, 149, 151, 169
Washington Territory, 257
water:
conservation of, 23, 98, 136n, 152, 153, 156, 234, 249n
drinking, 201
ground-, 112, 141, 148, 153, 160, 167, 175–76, 185
rights to, 116n, 132–33, 141–42, 154
scarcity of, 19, 20, 36, 112
subsidies for, 23–27, 36, 116, 127, 128–29, 133, 136, 141–44, 151–56, 181, 234, 249n
temperature of, 32, 77, 78, 80, 239
Water Follies Columbia Cup Unlimited Hydroplane Race, 64, 65, 73–76
“water spreading,” 151–52
Wayampam tribe, 67
Weaver, James, 248
welders, 20, 93–94, 96, 122
Wenatchee, Wash., 19–20, 26, 105–7
Wenatchee World, 86, 105–6
West:
Columbia River as symbol of, 22–23, 27, 113, 127, 259
engineered, 113, 117, 127, 166, 167, 259
individualism in, 27, 47, 53, 133, 181
land use in, 97–98
natural resources of, 87, 103, 229
New, 47–48, 214
population density of, 47–48
wilderness in, 156
see also Pacific Northwest
Westinghouse, 173–74, 184
wheat, 31, 34, 45, 55, 57, 127, 137, 191, 200
Wheeler, Burton K., 123
“White Elephant Comes into Its Own,” 90
Whitman, Marcus, 68
Whittlesey, Norm, 146–50
whooping cough, 68
WHOOPS, see Washington Public Power Supply System
wildlife, 30, 124–25, 137, 157, 159, 160, 208–9, 212, 222, 223
Willamette River, 225
windmills, 14, 259–60
windsurfing, 30, 42–43, 199, 214–18, 222
wind turbines, 41
Woods, Rufus, 105–7
Woody, Elizabeth, 213
World War II, 26, 86, 90, 112n, 122, 135, 159, 162–63
Worster, Donald, 46, 98, 99, 114, 223
Wright, Al, 65, 82, 228, 232
Yakima Firing Range, 254, 256
Yakima River, 170
Yakima tribe, 67
Yibar, Dan, 228