2.1 Interaction ritual. |
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2.2 Celebrating victory by ritualized full-body contact. U.S. and Russian troops converge in Germany (April 1945). Courtesy of Getty Images. |
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2.3 Marking the end of World War II (August 14, 1945). Courtesy of Philadelphia Newspapers, Inc. |
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2.4 A ritual victory pile-on: high school hockey championship (2002). Philadelphia Inqurirer, Peter Tobia. |
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2.5 The preacher as a sacred object: Billy Graham and admirers (1962). Courtesy of Getty Images. |
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2.6 NY City firefighter in process of becoming hero symbol (September 14, 2001). AP/World Wide Photos, Doug Mills. |
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2.7 Street crowd running from World Trade Center area as first tower collapses (September 11, 2001). AP/World Wide Photos, Paul Hawthorne. |
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2.8 NY firefighters struggle with police over access to WTC site. Firefighters wear full paraphernalia for symbolic effect, although salvage work had previously been done in casual work dress (November 2, 2001). Richard Perry, The New York Times. |
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3.1 Winner focuses on the goal, loser focuses on the winner. Final lap of relay race, which runner E is about to win. Philadelphia Inquirer, David Swansea. |
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4.1 Flow chart of interaction ritual. |
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4.2 Payoffs for sustaining mutual focus. |
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4.3 Interaction ritual chains. |
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4.4 Interaction ritual and production of material resources. |
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6.1 Sexual intercourse as interaction ritual. |
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7.1 Continuum of formal and informal rituals. |
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7.2 Eton boys in upper-class regalia arriving for cricket match, cheekily (and uneasily) observed by working-class boys (England, 1930s). Courtesy of Getty Images. |
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7.3 D-power in action: serving refreshments to upper-class cricket players (England, 1920s). Courtesy of Getty Images. |
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7.4 Situational dominance by energy and sexuality: impromptu dancers during a counterculture gathering (1960s). Courtesy of Getty Images. |
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8.1 Cigar-smoking as class marker: a working-class admirer makes deferential contact with Winston Churchill, yet with a gesture of ritual solidarity in offering a light. Courtesy of Getty Images. |
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8.2 Two emblems of middle-class respectability: a pipe and a cup of tea (England, 1924). Courtesy of Getty Images. |
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8.3 One of the first women smokers of the respectable classes. In emulation of male traditions, she wears a special smoking outfit (England, 1922). Courtesy of Getty Images. |
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8.4 FDR’s trademark cigarette holder (1930s). AP/World Wild Photos. |
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8.5 Women workers, drawn into service in male jobs during World War II, share a cigarette break. Courtesy of Getty Images. |
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8.6 The flapper era: self-consciously daring young women share the cigarette-lighting ritual (1928). Courtesy of Getty Images. |
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8.7 The height of the socially legitimated carousing scene (London during World War II). Courtesy of Getty Images. |
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8.8 “Hippie” counterculture. Its ritual was smoking marijuana, in pointed contrast to the cigarette-smoking and alcohol-drinking of the previous generation (late 1960s). Courtesy of Getty Images. |
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9.1 Ideal type personalities from status and power dimensions. |
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9.2 Multiple personality types from status and power dimensions. |
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