ENDNOTES
Chapter 1
[2] Williams, P.G., Stirling, E. and Keynes, N., ‘Food Fears: a national survey on the attitudes of Australian adults about the safety and quality of food’, Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 13(1), 2004
[3] Carson, R., Silent Spring, Houghton Mifflin, New York, 1962
[4] ‘Study links pesticides to ADHD’, ABC News, 20 August 2010
[6] ibid
[13] ‘Pesticide residues in Australian veges show need for Country of Origin labelling’, Organic NZ, Soil and Health Association of New Zealand, 1 September 2008
[16] Carson, R., Silent Spring, Houghton Mifflin, New York, 1962
[17] Taverne, D., ‘The Harm that Pressure Groups Can Do’, collected in Panic Nation, 2005, edited by Stanley Feldman and Vincent Marks
[23] Marks, A.R., Harley, K., Bradman, A., Kogut, K., Barr, D.B., et al, ‘Organophosphate Pesticide Exposure and Attention in Young Mexican–American Children: The CHAMACOS Study’, Environmental Health Perspectives 118 (12), December 2010
[28] Australian authority on herbicide resistance Professor Stephen Powles quoted in Grains Research and Development Corporation article ‘System diversity a key to sustaining glyphosate’,
Ground Cover, Issue 94, Sept–Oct 2011.
http://www.grdc.com.au/director/events/groundcover[29] Cox, C., ‘Glyphosate Factsheet’, Journal of Pesticide Reform, Vol.108, No.3, Fall 98, Revised Oct 2000.
[31] Riley, P., Cotter, J., Conterio, M., Watts, M.,
Herbicide Tolerance and GM Crops: Why the world should be ready to Roundup glyphosate, Greenpeace International, Amsterdam, June 2011.
http://www.greenpeace.de/fileadmin/gpd/user_upload/themen/genteknic/Herbicide_tolerance_and_GM_crops_lo_res.pdfChapter 2
[3] Smith, R. and Lourie, B., Slow Death by Rubber Duck: How the toxic chemistry of everyday life affects our health, University of Queensland Press, Brisbane, 2009
[7] Larsson, S.C., Bergkvist, L. and Wolk, A., ‘Processed meat consumption, dietary nitrosamines and stomach cancer risk in a cohort of Swedish women’, International Journal of Cancer, 119(4), 15 August 2006
[11] Lairon, D., ‘Nutritional quality and safety of organic food: A review’, Agronomy for Sustainable Development Journal, July 2009
[16] Childs, G., Foster, D.J., Fougere, D.J., Milan, J.M. and Rozmanec, M., ‘Ataxia and paralysis in cats in Australia associated with exposure to an imported gamma-irradiated commercial dry pet food’, Australian Veterinary Journal, Vol 87, pp.349–51
Chapter 3
[3] ‘The Use of Antibiotics in Food-Producing Animals: antibiotic resistant bacteria in humans and animals’, Report of the Joint Expert Technical Advisory Committee on Antibiotic Resistance (JETACAR), Commonwealth of Australia, 1999.
http://www.health.gov.au[6] ‘Using hormonal growth promotants in NSW beef production’, NSW Department of Primary Industries Prime Fact 766, August 2008
[8] ibid
[9] Summary and conclusions from Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives Fifty-second meeting Rome 1999. Published in WHO Technical Series Report No.669
[10] ‘Opposition to the use of Hormone Growth Promoters in Beef and Dairy Cattle Production’, American Public Health Association Policy Statement 20098, 10/11/2009
[11] ‘A Review to Update Australia’s Position on the Human Safety of Residues of Hormone Growth Promotants (HGPs) used in Cattle’, prepared by the Chemical Review and International Harmonisation Section, Office of Chemical Safety, Therapeutic Goods Administration, Canberra, July 2003.
http://www.apvma.gov.au/publications/reports/docs/hgp_review.pdf[13] Van Barneveld, R., ‘The Efficacy of Ractopamine and pST combinations on finisher pig performance’, Pork CRC, Australia, September 2008.
http://www.porkcrc.com.au[20] ‘The Commonwealth Government Response to the “Report of the Joint Expert Technical Advisory Committee on Antibiotic Resistance (JETACAR)”’, Department of Health and Aged Care and Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, August 2000
Chapter 4
[2] Wirth, H., ‘Ethics and Animal Husbandry’, Nature and Society Forum Conference Paper, Canberra, 2001
[3] Henzell, T., Australian Agriculture: Its history and challenges, CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, 2007
[6] National Guidelines for Beef Cattle Feedlots in Australia, Primary Industries Standing Committee, CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, 2002
[19] Gordon, J.S., The Chicken Story, American Heritage, September 1996
[29] Holt, P.S, ‘Molting and Salmonella enteric serovar enteritis infection: The problem and some solutions’, Poultry Science, Vol 82, Issue 8, 2003
[30] ibid
[33] Newspoll Survey of 1202 Australians conducted August 21–23, 2009 on behalf of Vegetarian/Vegan Society of Queensland. Results published in ‘A Pound of Flesh’, The Vegetarian/Vegan Society of Queensland Inc. Brisbane, 2010
[37] Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics (ABARES) figures quoted by Australian Chicken Meat Federation at
http://www.chicken.org.au[42] ‘Happy as a pig in Mudgee’, The Australian, 17 February 2010, p.30
[44] ABC Four Corners, 6 June 2011
[47] Jones, B., Hart, S. and Wirth, H., ‘Ethics and Animal Husbandry’, Nature and Society Forum paper, Canberra, 2001
Chapter 5
[2] ‘Queensland Grains Outlook’, December 2010, p.16, inserted into Queensland Country Life newspaper, 30 December 2010
[11] ibid
[19] ibid
[20] Martin-Orue, S. et al, ‘Degradation of Transgenic DNA from genetically modified soy and maize in human intestinal simulations’, British Journal of Nutrition, Vol 87, pp.533–542
[21] Davies, Donald R., ‘Changes in USDA Food Composition Date for 43 Garden Crops, 1950–1999’, Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 2004, Vol 23, No 6, pp.669–682
[22] Nordlee, J.A., et al, ‘Identification of a Brazil-Nut Allergen in Transgenic Soybeans’, The New England Journal of Medicine, Vol 334, March 1996, pp.688–692
[26] ‘Australian Cotton and Grains Outlook’, January 2011, p.17, inserted into Queensland Country Life newspaper, 7 January 2011
[29] Ropeik, D., How Risky Is It, Really? Why our fears don’t always match the facts, McGraw-Hill, USA, 2010
Chapter 6
[3] Australian Competition and Consumer Commission, ‘Examination of the prices paid to farmers for livestock and the prices paid by Australian consumers for red meat’, 2007.
http://www.accc.gov.au/content/item.phtml[5] Hooper, S., Martin, P., Love, G., Fisher, B.S., ‘Get Big or Get Out’, Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Conference Paper, July 2002, p.8
[7] ibid p.22
[9] Darwin, C. On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, 1859
[18] ibid
[19] ibid
[22] Average price in January 2011
[23] Dairy Australia, ‘Australian Dairy Industry in Focus 2009’, p.10
[24] ABARES, Australian Commodity Statistics 2009, tables 81 and 82
[26] ibid
[28] Zumbo, F., ‘Fewer choices for more’, Queensland Country Life, Finance 2011 liftout, 3 March 2011, p.18
[29] ‘Milk labelling policy proposed at dairy senate inquiry’, ABC Rural News, 8 March 2011
[30] Australian Dairy Farmers Ltd, ‘Support your dairy farmers and buy branded dairy products’, media release, 7 February 2011
[31] ‘Farmers sour over Coles milk price trim’, Queensland Country Life, 27 January 2011, p.3
Chapter 7
[1] Hooper, S., Martin, P., Love, G. and Fisher, B.S., ‘Get Big or Get Out: Is this mantra still appropriate for a new century?’, Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics conference paper 02.12, presented to 24th Biennial Conference of the Australian Society of Animal Production, Adelaide, 11 July 2002
[2] Malenbaum, W., World Wheat Economy, 1885–1939, Cambridge, USA, Harvard University Press, 1953, p.33, quoted in Henzell, T., Australian Agriculture: Its history and challenges, CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, 2007
[3] ‘Corporate farming to sate world’s appetite’, Adelaide Advertiser, 16 February 2010
[9] Gaynor, A., ‘Animal Agenda: Conflict over Productive Animals in Twentieth Century Australian Cities’, Society and Animals, No.15, 2007, pp.29–42
[10] ibid, p.40
[12] Shiva, V., The Manifesto on the Future of Food, International Commission on the Future of Food and Agriculture, Italy, 2003
[14] ‘National Farmers’ Federation looks at the labour crisis’, Agribusiness Australia, 12 December 2009
[15] ibid
[17] ibid
[19] ibid
[21] ibid, p.44
[25] ‘I’ll never shut failing farms, Howard vows’, The Sydney Morning Herald, 17 October 2006
[26] Muir, C., ‘Feeding the World: Our great myth’, Griffith Review, No.27, March 2010, p.63
[27] ibid
[35] Rosset, P., ‘The Multiple Functions and Benefits of Small Farm Agriculture’, September 1999. Policy brief No.4 prepared for ‘Cultivating Our Futures’ FAO/Netherlands Conference on Multifunctional Character of Agriculture and Land, 12–17 September 1999, Maastricht, The Netherlands
[36] ibid
[38] Boyce, J., ‘A Future for Small Farms? Biodiversity and Sustainable Agriculture’, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, 2004, Working Paper Series No 86
[39] ibid
[40] Henzell T., Australian Agriculture: Its history and challenges, CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, Victoria, 2007, p.10
[41] Henzell T., Australian Agriculture: Its history and challenges, CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, Vic, 2007
[42] Henzell T., Australian Agriculture: Its history and challenges, CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, Vic, 2007, p.10
[43] Hollier, C. and Reid, M., Small Farms: Valued contributors to healthy rural communities, Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation, Barton ACT, November 2007
[44] ibid
[47] Ibisworld report quoted in ‘Healthy Demand for Organic Food to create jobs’, The Australian Newspaper, 15 January 2010
[49] Barr, N., The House on the Hill: The transformation of Australia’s Farming Communities, Land and Water Australia, Canberra ACT, 2009. Gray, I. and Lawrence, G., A Future for Regional Australia: Escaping global misfortune, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK, 2001
[50] Brett, J., ‘Fair Share: Country and City in Australia’, Quarterly Essay, Black Inc, Collingwood, Issue 42, 2011, p.31
[51] ibid, p.22
[52] Wild, R., ‘Communication, Power and the Country Press, Regional Journal of Social Issues, 12(1):pp1–7 quoted in Vine J., ‘News values and country non-daily reporting, Asia Pacific Media Educator, 10, 2001, pp.38–48
Chapter 8
[2] Woolworths National Distribution Centre Directory as at 15/03/2011
[3] Greenfield means an undeveloped virgin industrial site, often of agricultural or forestry land
[7] ibid
[8] Popularised by Smith, A. and MacKinnon, J., Plenty: Eating locally on the 100-mile diet, Three Rivers Press, New York, 2007
[9] ‘Myths on Food Miles’, The Australian, 10 March 2008
[11] ibid
[13] Baker, D., Fear, J. and Denniss, R., ‘What a Waste: An analysis of household expenditure on food’, The Australia Institute, Policy Brief No.7, November 2009, p.4
[15] Tristram, S., Waste: Uncovering the global food scandal, Penguin UK, 2009
[17] Harrison, M., Lee, A., Findlay, M., Nicholls, R., Leonard, D. and Martin, C., ‘The increasing cost of healthy food’, Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, Vol 34(2), p.184, 2010.
[18] Mann, N., ‘Meat in the human diet: An anthropological perspective’, Australian Nutrition and Dietetics, Vol 64, Supplement s4, September 2007, pp.S102–S107
[19] Barr, N., The House on the Hill: The transformation of Australia’s farming communities, Land and Water Australia, Canberra, 2009, p.7
[24] Lévi-Strauss, C., The Raw and the Cooked, Harper Row, New York, 1975. Referred to by Anne Murcott in ‘The Cultural Significance of Food and Eating’, Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, Great Britain, 1982
[25] Murcott, A., ‘The Cultural Significance of Food and Eating’, Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, Great Britain, 1982
[26] Hirschon, R., Heirs of the Greek Catastrophe: The social life of Asia Minor refugees in Piraeus, Oxford University Press, New York, 1989. p.151
[32] ‘The Need for Nutrition Labelling on Menus’, A report by the National Heart Foundation of Australia, 2010, p.4
[33] Hamilton, C. and Denniss, R., Affluenza: When too much is never enough, Allen and Unwin, Sydney, 2005, p.104
[35] ibid
[36] Begley, A. and Gallegos, D., ‘What’s cooking for dietetics? A review of the literature’, Nutrition and Dietetics 2010, Vol 64, Issue 1, March 2010, pp.26–30
[37] Gilman, C.P., Women and Economics, Source Books Press, New York, 1970, p.317
[38] ‘Houses without Kitchens?’, ABC Radio The World Today, 21 January 2000
[40] ibid, p.27
Chapter 9
[2] ibid
[3] Henzell, T., Australian Agriculture: Its history and challenges, CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, 2007, p.ix
[4] Harrigan, N., ‘The “Australian Settlement” in the Countryside: Small farmers and the rise of statutory marketing in Australia’, refereed paper presented to the Australasian Political Studies Association Conference, University of Adelaide, September 2004, p.10
[5] ibid
[7] MacIntyre, S., A Concise History of Australia, Cambridge University Press, 2009, p.275
[9] Harris, D., ‘Rural Industries Adjustment to Trade Related Policy Reform: A report for the Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation’, Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation, December 2005, p.27
[10] Natural Resources Defense Council, ‘Health Facts: Oranges—Buying local helps protect your health and reduces pollution’, November 2007.
http://www.nrdc.org/policy[11] Queensland Country Life newspaper, ‘Growers call for boycott of Chinese apples’, 10 January 2011, p.3
[12] Harris, D., ‘Rural Industries Adjustment to Trade Related Policy Reform: A report for the Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation’, Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation, December 2005, p.42
[13] ibid
[16] Harris, D., Rural Industries Adjustment to Trade Related Policy Reform: A report for the Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation’, Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation, December 2005
[17] 2010 Meat & Livestock Australia figures
[18] Vanclay, F., ‘Deregulation and Agricultural Restructuring’, Australian Journal of Social Issues Vol 38, No.1, February 2003, p.81
[20] ibid
[24] ‘Import increase as worrying trend’, Rural Weekly, 25 March 2011, p.5
[25] Macintyre, S., A Concise History of Australia, Cambridge University Press, 2009, p.19
[26] Henzell, T., Australian Agriculture: Its history and challenges, CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, 2007, p.ix
[27] ibid, p.x
[28] ibid, p.40
[29] ibid
[34] ibid
[35] ibid
[36] ibid
[41] Figures from 2001 National Land and Water Audit
Chapter 10
[1] Henzell, T., Australian Agriculture: Its history and challenges, CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, 2007
[2] Prime Minister’s Science, Engineering and Innovation Council, ‘Australia and Food Security in a Changing World’, Report of the PMSEIC Expert Working Group, Canberra, Australia, October 2010, p.21
[4] ibid
[5] Rousseau, J-J., Discourse on Inequality, J.M. Dent, London, 1958, p.163. Quoted in Peter Singer, How Are We to Live? Ethics in an age of self-interest, Oxford University Press, New York, 1997, p.47
[6] Smith, A., The Theory of Moral Sentiments, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1976, vol. IV, ch.1, p.10. Quoted in Peter Singer, How Are We to Live? Ethics in an age of self-interest, Oxford University Press, New York, 1997, p.48
[8] Smith, G. and Pritchard, P., ‘Biodiversity opportunities in Australian Agriculture: A national view’, Proceeding of the Conference on Rural Land Use Change, Victoria, 2003, p.1
[9] Henzell, T., Australian Agriculture: Its history and challenges, CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, 2007, p.39
[11] Cameron, J.M.R., Ambition’s Fire: The agricultural colonization of pre-convict Western Australia, University of Western Australia Press, Nedlands, WA, 1981, p.93. Quoted in Henzell, T., Australian Agriculture: Its history and challenges, CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, Victoria, 2007, p.28
[12] Henzell, T., Australian Agriculture: Its history and challenges, CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, Victoria, 2007, p.8
[13] Australian Bureau of Statistics, ‘Salinity and Land Management on Western Australian Farms’. (ABS Catalogue number 1367.5—Western Australian Statistical indications 2003.
http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats//abs@.nsf/ [16] Basin Salinity Management Strategy 2001–2015, Murray–Darling Basin Commission, Canberra, 2001.
http://www.mdba.gov.au[20] ibid
[21] ibid
[24] Brett, J., ‘Fair Share: Country and city in Australia’, Quarterly Essay, Black Inc, Australia, Issue 42, 2011
[27] ‘Landholders take fight to bigwigs’, Western Star newspaper (Roma, Queensland), 28 June 2011
[30] Cribb, J., The Coming Famine: The global food crisis and what we can do to avoid it, CSIRO Publishing, Canberra, August 2010
[34] Cribb, J., The Coming Famine: The global food crisis and what we can do to avoid it, CSIRO Publishing, Canberra, August 2010, p.72
[35] ibid, p.76
[36] ibid, p.77
[37] ibid, p.74
[38] Leviston, Z. and Walker, I., ‘Group characteristics of different views about the causes of climate change: An Australian national survey’, CSIRO Climate Adaption Flagship, Social and Behavioural Sciences Group. From a presentation to the Greenhouse 2011 Conference, Cairns 5–7 April 2011
[39] Barratt, Pearman and Waller (2010), included in Greenhouse 2011 Conference Presentation by Graeme Pearman titled ‘Planning for energy futures in a carbon constrained world’, Cairns, 5–7 April 2011
[41] ‘Australia’s national greenhouse gas inventory in 1990 and 2007’. Cited in Davidson, S. and Keogh, M., The Australian Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme: An introduction for farmer and agribusiness, Australian Farm Institute, August 2009, p.11
[43] Davidson, S. and Keogh, M., The Impact of a Carbon Price on Australian Farm Businesses: Beef Production, Research Report, Australian Farm Institute, Surry Hills, Australia, 2011
Chapter 11
[1] Developed by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) at the World Food Summit in Rome, 1996
[3] ibid
[7] McGovern, M., ‘Food “security” and enterprise viability’, 2008. Cited in Robinson, T., Christensen, M., and Fletcher, A., (eds) Proceedings of the 16th Annual Conference on Pacific Basin Finance, Economics, Accounting and Management, 2–4 July 2008, Brisbane, Australia
[9] ‘Australia and Food Security in a Changing World’, Report of the Prime Minister’s Science, Engineering and Innovation Council (PMSEIC) Expert Working Group, Canberra, Australia, October 2010, p.21
[10] ibid
[17] ‘Airlines back plan for local bio-fuel industry’, The Australian, 26 May 2011
[18] ‘Monitoring the Australian Petroleum Industry 2010’, Australian Competition and Consumer Commission report.
http://www.acc.gov.au[22] ‘Private investment in the Agricultural Sector in Mozambique’, United States Agency for International Development, 2008
[25] ‘New food crisis on our plates’, Queensland Country Life Newspaper, 24 February 2011, p.21
[28] ‘Foreign aid: Are our aid dollars working?’ ABC Radio National Australia Talks, 31 May 2011
[29] ibid
[30] Anderson, T., ‘Food Security and Agriculture in the Australia–East Timorese Relationship’, in Kingsbury, D. and Leach, M., East Timor: Beyond independence, Monash Asia Institute Press, Melbourne, 2006
[31] ibid
[32] ibid
[34] ‘Mozambique targets $4bn foreign investment in 2011’, Press release issued through Reuters by the Embassy of Republic of Mozambique, Washington DC on 25 February 2011.
http://www.embamoc-usa.org[35] ‘World hungers for more food’, The Age, 4 April 2011
[36] Edmeades, G., Fischer, T. and Byerlee, D., ‘Can we feed the world in 2050?’ In Dove, H., and Culvenor R.A., Food Security from Sustainable Agriculture: proceedings from 15th Australia Agronomy Conference 2010, 15–18 November 2010, Lincoln, New Zealand
[38] ‘Food Security’, ABC Radio National Australia Talks, 6 April 2011
[39] Petrini, C., Slow Food Nation: Why our food should be good, clean and fair, Rizzoli International Publications Inc., New York, 2010, p.25
[42] Petrini, C., Slow Food Nation: Why our food should be good, clean and fair, Rizzoli International Publications Inc., New York, 2010, pp.96–121
[43] ibid, p.251
[45] ibid
[47] A phrase used by 17th-century economist Thomas Malthus who predicted that in the future world population growth would mean food supply would not be able to meet demand despite improvements in cultivation practices. He referred to ‘each square yard’ of earth as not being able to ‘maintain its man’.
Chapter 12
[1] Via Campesina is the world’s largest peasant movement and has made achieving food sovereignty its main goal. See
www.viacampesina.org[2] ‘Traders seek deregulation of wheat exports’, Sydney Morning Herald, 6 February 1992
[3] ‘Agrium offloads AWB unit to Cargill for $870m’, The Australian, 16 December 2010
[4] ‘Teys, Cargill tied knot’, Queensland Country Life, 19 May 2011
[5] ‘Growers see red over Heinz’, Queensland Country Life, 2 June 2011, p.14
[7] ‘Exporters feel pain of soaring Aussie dollar’, The Australian, 7/8 May 2011, p.28
[8] ibid
[10] ‘Chinese state-owned company swallows Tully Sugar’, Queensland Country Life, 21 July 2011
[14] ‘Adios amigos as SunRice snubs Spanish’, The Australian, 1 June 2011, p.39
[15] ‘Australia sells off the farm’, The Daily Telegraph, 26 March 2011
[18] ibid, p.106
[24] ‘Chinese mine giant snaps up 43 NSW farms’, The Australian, 27 June 2011
[25] ABC Radio National AM, 30 June 2011. The Venus de Milo is an ancient Greek statue missing its arms
[26] Cribb, J., ‘Global Food Security: Risks, challenges, solutions’, National Sustainable Food Summit, 5 April 2011
[27] Cribb, J., The Coming Famine: The global food crisis and what we can do to avoid it, CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, 2010, p.14
[28] From Hamilton, C., ‘Globalisation and the Working People: The end of Post-War Consensus’, Paper delivered at the ANZAAS Conference, Canberra, October 1996. Quoted in Lawrence, G., ‘Who Controls our Future?’ Paper delivered to the Australian Agronomy Conference, Wagga Wagga, NSW, July 1998.
http://www.regional.org.au/au/asa/1998/[30] ibid
Conclusion